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Flowers E, Asam K, Allen IE, Kanaya AM, Aouizerat BE. Co‑expressed microRNAs, target genes and pathways related to metabolism, inflammation and endocrine function in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:156. [PMID: 35244194 PMCID: PMC8941378 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be considered important regulators of risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the present study was to identify novel sets of miRNAs associated with T2D risk, as well as their gene and pathway targets. Circulating miRNAs (n=59) were measured in plasma from participants in a previously completed clinical trial (n=82). An agnostic statistical approach was applied to identify novel sets of miRNAs with optimal co-expression patterns. In silico analyses were used to identify the messenger RNA and biological pathway targets of the miRNAs within each factor. A total of three factors of miRNAs were identified, containing 18, seven and two miRNAs each. Eight biological pathways were revealed to contain genes targeted by the miRNAs in all three factors, 38 pathways contained genes targeted by the miRNAs in two factors, and 55, 18 and two pathways were targeted by the miRNAs in a single factor, respectively (all q<0.05). The pathways containing genes targeted by miRNAs in the largest factor shared a common theme of biological processes related to metabolism and inflammation. By contrast, the pathways containing genes targeted by miRNAs in the second largest factor were related to endocrine function and hormone activity. The present study focused on the pathways uniquely targeted by each factor of miRNAs in order to identify unique mechanisms that may be associated with a subset of individuals. Further exploration of the genes and pathways related to these biological themes may provide insights about the subtypes of T2D and lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Flowers
- Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143‑0610, USA
| | - Kesava Asam
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Isabel Elaine Allen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143‑0610, USA
| | - Alka M Kanaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143‑0610, USA
| | - Bradley E Aouizerat
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Avilkina V, Chauveau C, Ghali Mhenni O. Sirtuin function and metabolism: Role in pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue and their crosstalk impacting bone homeostasis. Bone 2022; 154:116232. [PMID: 34678494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are members of the nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent family of enzymes critical for histone deacetylation and posttranslational modification of proteins. Sirtuin family members regulate a wide spectrum of biological processes and are best known for maintaining longevity. Sirtuins are well characterized in metabolic tissues such as the pancreas, liver and adipose tissue (AT). They are regulated by a diverse range of stimuli, including nutrients and metabolic changes within the organism. Indeed, nutrient-associated conditions, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN), were found to be associated with bone fragility development in osteoporosis. Interestingly, it has also been demonstrated that sirtuins, more specifically SIRT1, can regulate bone activity. Various studies have demonstrated the importance of sirtuins in bone in the regulation of bone homeostasis and maintenance of the balance between bone resorption and bone formation. However, to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the negative regulation of bone homeostasis during overnutrition (obesity) or undernutrition, it is crucial to examine a wider picture and to determine the pancreatic, liver and adipose tissue pathway crosstalk responsible for bone loss. Particularly, under AN conditions, sirtuin family members are highly expressed in metabolic tissue, but this phenomenon is reversed in bone, and severe bone loss has been observed in human subjects. AN-associated bone loss may be connected to SIRT1 deficiency; however, additional factors may interfere with bone homeostasis. Thus, in this review, we focus on sirtuin activity in the pancreas, liver and AT in cases of over- and undernutrition, especially the regulation of their secretome by sirtuins. Furthermore, we examine how the secretome of the pancreas, liver and AT affects bone homeostasis, focusing on undernutrition. This review aims to lead to a better understanding of the crosstalk between sirtuins, metabolic organs and bone. In long term prospective it should contribute to promote improvement of therapeutic strategies for the prevention of metabolic diseases and the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktorija Avilkina
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olfa Ghali Mhenni
- Marrow Adiposity and Bone Lab (MABLab) ULR4490, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, F-62200, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Univ. Lille F-59000 Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Perea C, Vázquez-Ágredos A, Ruiz-Leyva L, Morón I, Zúñiga JM, Cendán CM. Caloric Restriction in Group-Housed Mice: Littermate and Sex Influence on Behavioral and Hormonal Data. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:639187. [PMID: 33937370 PMCID: PMC8081842 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.639187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of the research done on aging, oxidative stress, anxiety, and cognitive and social behavior in rodents has focused on caloric restriction (CR). This often involves several days of single housing, which can cause numerous logistical problems, as well as cognitive and social dysfunctions. Previous results in our laboratory showed the viability of long-term CR in grouped rats. Our research has studied the possibility of CR in grouped female and male littermates and unrelated CB6F1/J (C57BL/6J × BALBc/J hybrid strain) mice, measuring: (i) possible differences in body mass proportions between mice in ad libitum and CR conditions (at 70% of ad libitum), (ii) aggressive behavior, using the number of pushes and chasing behavior time as an indicator and social behavior using the time under the feeder as indicator, and (iii) difference in serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations (stress biomarker), under ad libitum and CR conditions. Results showed the impossibility of implementing CR in unrelated male mice. In all other groups, CR was possible, with a less aggressive behavior (measured only with the number of pushes) observed in the unrelated female mice under CR conditions. In that sense, the ACTH levels measured on the last day of CR showed no difference in stress levels. These results indicate that implementantion of long-term CR in mice can be optimized technically and also related to their well-being by grouping animals, in particular, related mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Perea
- Center of Scientific Instrumentation, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Vázquez-Ágredos
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Leandro Ruiz-Leyva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Morón
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Center of Investigation of Mind, Brain, and Behavior, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Cruz Miguel Cendán
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Granada, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Asif S, Morrow NM, Mulvihill EE, Kim KH. Understanding Dietary Intervention-Mediated Epigenetic Modifications in Metabolic Diseases. Front Genet 2020; 11:590369. [PMID: 33193730 PMCID: PMC7593700 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.590369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease, is dramatically increasing. Both genetic and environmental factors are well-known contributors to the development of these diseases and therefore, the study of epigenetics can provide additional mechanistic insight. Dietary interventions, including caloric restriction, intermittent fasting or time-restricted feeding, have shown promising improvements in patients' overall metabolic profiles (i.e., reduced body weight, improved glucose homeostasis), and an increasing number of studies have associated these beneficial effects with epigenetic alterations. In this article, we review epigenetic changes involved in both metabolic diseases and dietary interventions in primary metabolic tissues (i.e., adipose, liver, and pancreas) in hopes of elucidating potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaza Asif
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nadya M. Morrow
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Erin E. Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyoung-Han Kim
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Corezola do Amaral ME, Kravets V, Dwulet JM, Farnsworth NL, Piscopio R, Schleicher WE, Miranda JG, Benninger RKP. Caloric restriction recovers impaired β-cell-β-cell gap junction coupling, calcium oscillation coordination, and insulin secretion in prediabetic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E709-E720. [PMID: 32830549 PMCID: PMC7750515 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00132.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction can decrease the incidence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mechanisms underlying the benefits of caloric restriction involved in insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis are not fully understood. Intercellular communication within the islets of Langerhans, mediated by Connexin36 (Cx36) gap junctions, regulates insulin secretion dynamics and glucose homeostasis. The goal of this study was to determine whether caloric restriction can protect against decreases in Cx36 gap junction coupling and altered islet function induced in models of obesity and prediabetes. C57BL6 mice were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), showing indications of prediabetes after 2 mo, including weight gain, insulin resistance, and elevated fasting glucose and insulin levels. Subsequently, mice were submitted to 1 mo of 40% caloric restriction (2 g/day of HFD). Mice under 40% caloric restriction showed reversal in weight gain and recovered insulin sensitivity, fasting glucose, and insulin levels. In islets of mice fed the HFD, caloric restriction protected against obesity-induced decreases in gap junction coupling and preserved glucose-stimulated calcium signaling, including Ca2+ oscillation coordination and oscillation amplitude. Caloric restriction also promoted a slight increase in glucose metabolism, as measured by increased NAD(P)H autofluorescence, as well as recovering glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We conclude that declines in Cx36 gap junction coupling that occur in obesity can be completely recovered by caloric restriction and obesity reversal, improving Ca2+ dynamics and insulin secretion regulation. This suggests a critical role for caloric restriction in the context of obesity to prevent islet dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vira Kravets
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Denver, Colorado
| | - JaeAnn M. Dwulet
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Denver, Colorado
| | - Nikki L. Farnsworth
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert Piscopio
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Denver, Colorado
| | - Wolfgang E. Schleicher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Denver, Colorado
| | - Jose Guadalupe Miranda
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Denver, Colorado
| | - Richard K. P. Benninger
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Denver, Colorado
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Denver, Colorado
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Venturini PR, Thomazini BF, Oliveira CA, Alves AA, Camargo TF, Domingues CEC, Barbosa-Sampaio HCL, do Amaral MEC. Vitamin E supplementation and caloric restriction promotes regulation of insulin secretion and glycemic homeostasis by different mechanisms in rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:777-785. [PMID: 30481061 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E and caloric restriction have antioxidant effects in mammals. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of vitamin E supplementation and caloric restriction upon insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in rats. Male Wistar rats were distributed among the following groups: C, control group fed ad libitum; R, food quantity reduction of 40%; CV, control group supplemented with vitamin E [30 mg·kg-1·day-1]; and RV, food-restricted group supplemented with vitamin E. The experiments ran for 21 days. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity was higher in the CV, R, and RV groups. Insulin secretion stimulated with different glucose concentrations was lower in the R and RV groups, compared with C and CV. In the presence of glucose and secretagogues, insulin secretion was higher in the CV group and was lower in the R and RV groups. An increase in insulin receptor occurred in the fat pad and muscle tissue of groups CV, R, and RV. Levels of hepatic insulin receptor and phospho-Akt protein were higher in groups R and RV, compared with C and CV, while muscle phospho-Akt was increased in the CV group. There was a reduction in hepatic RNA levels of the hepatocyte growth factor gene and insulin degrading enzyme in the R group, and increased levels of insulin degrading enzyme in the CV and RV groups. Thus, vitamin E supplementation and caloric restriction modulate insulin secretion by different mechanisms to maintain glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Venturini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, UNIARARAS, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fontana Thomazini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, UNIARARAS, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Andréa Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, UNIARARAS, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Armindo A Alves
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, UNIARARAS, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Furtado Camargo
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, UNIARARAS, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio E C Domingues
- School of Biology, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, UNIARARAS, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena C L Barbosa-Sampaio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Esméria C do Amaral
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitário Hermínio Ometto, UNIARARAS, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil
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Moneo M, Martín Zúñiga J, Morón I. Caloric restriction in grouped rats: aggregate influence on behavioural and hormonal data. Lab Anim 2017; 51:490-497. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677216686805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The majority of studies in short- and middle-term caloric restriction (CR) have been primarily focused on physiological parameters, improvements in aging, modulation of oxidative stress, and long-term negative effects on cognitive functions. However, single-housing associated with CR may pose many logistical problems. Thus, it is necessary to study the effects of CR under conditions in which animals are group-housed. The aims of this study were to (i) observe the possible differences in the proportion of the weights and social behaviour under ad libitum and CR (at 70%) conditions; (ii) examine the eventual inequalities in the proportion of the weights and social behaviour (the time spent eating under the feeder as an indicator of dominance and empathy, and the number of ‘pushes’ as an indicator of aggressiveness) in sibling and non-sibling rats under CR conditions; and (iii) compare the concentrations of corticosterone (stress biomarker) in serum under ad libitum and CR conditions. The results indicated the effectiveness of CR in different groups independent of the relationship between the rats. No extreme changes in weight were observed in the CR rats. Behavioural observations also indicated the differences in the total time spent under the feeder and in the number of pushes (higher in both cases for the sibling rats). However, no significant differences in corticosterone levels were observed. Our results suggest the viability of group-housing rats during long periods of CR maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Moneo
- University of Pablo Olavide, Sevilla, Spain. Master of Applied Etholgy 2015
| | - Jesús Martín Zúñiga
- Animal Facility-CIC, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Morón
- Department of Psychobiology and Centre of Investigation of Mind, Brain and Behaviour (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Davis K, Chamseddine D, Harper JM. Nutritional limitation in early postnatal life and its effect on aging and longevity in rodents. Exp Gerontol 2016; 86:84-89. [PMID: 27167581 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient limitation in the form of chronic dietary restriction (DR), or more specifically a life-long reduction of total daily nutritional intake, was first shown to extend longevity in rats more than eight decades ago and is one of the most robust anti-aging interventions known. More recently, it has become apparent that dietary restriction limited to only the first few weeks of life in rodents is also capable of significantly impacting aging and longevity. The imposition of nutrient limitation is often achieved via the manipulation of litter size or the modulation of maternal nutrient intake during the lactational period. Not surprisingly, nutrient limited pups are smaller at weaning, and remain so throughout their life, while exhibiting signs of slowed aging. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms that account for the anti-aging effects of postnatal undernutrition with an emphasis on those pathways that parallel changes seen with chronic DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallie Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - Douja Chamseddine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA
| | - James M Harper
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX 77340, USA.
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da Silva Lippo BR, Batista TM, de Rezende LF, Cappelli AP, Camargo RL, Branco RCS, Barbosa Sampaio HC, Protzek AOP, Wanderley MI, Arantes VC, Corat MAF, Carneiro EM, Udrisar DP, Wanderley AG, Ferreira F. Low-protein diet disrupts the crosstalk between the PKA and PKC signaling pathways in isolated pancreatic islets. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:556-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kim DH, Park MH, Lee EK, Choi YJ, Chung KW, Moon KM, Kim MJ, An HJ, Park JW, Kim ND, Yu BP, Chung HY. The roles of FoxOs in modulation of aging by calorie restriction. Biogerontology 2014; 16:1-14. [PMID: 25146189 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-014-9519-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
FoxO activity and modifications, such as its phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation, may help drive the expression of genes involved in combating oxidative stress by causing the epigenetic modifications, and thus, preserve cellular function during aging and age-related diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer disease. Insulin signaling has been postulated to influence the aging process by increasing resistance to oxidative stress, and slowing the accumulation of oxidative damage. Some antioxidative effects are mediated by a conserved family of forkhead box transcription factors (FoxOs), which in the absence of insulin signaling freely bind to promoters of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. On the other hand, calorie restriction (CR) extends the lifespans of several species via the insulin pathway, and extends longevity and healthspan in diverse species via a conserved mechanism. CR enhances adaptive stress responses at the cellular and organism levels and extends lifespan in a FoxO-independent manner. Thus, increased modification of FoxO is modulated via the hyperinsulinemia-induced PI3K/Akt pathway during aging, and CR reverses this process. Accordingly, FoxO plays an important role in maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and removal of oxidative stress in the aging process and in the effect of CR on lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjun-dong, Gumjung-gu, Busan, 609-735, Korea
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Ristow M, Schmeisser K. Mitohormesis: Promoting Health and Lifespan by Increased Levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Dose Response 2014; 12:288-341. [PMID: 24910588 PMCID: PMC4036400 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.13-035.ristow] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS), consisting of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and multiple others, do not only cause oxidative stress, but rather may function as signaling molecules that promote health by preventing or delaying a number of chronic diseases, and ultimately extend lifespan. While high levels of ROS are generally accepted to cause cellular damage and to promote aging, low levels of these may rather improve systemic defense mechanisms by inducing an adaptive response. This concept has been named mitochondrial hormesis or mitohormesis. We here evaluate and summarize more than 500 publications from current literature regarding such ROS-mediated low-dose signaling events, including calorie restriction, hypoxia, temperature stress, and physical activity, as well as signaling events downstream of insulin/IGF-1 receptors, AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK), target-of-rapamycin (TOR), and lastly sirtuins to culminate in control of proteostasis, unfolded protein response (UPR), stem cell maintenance and stress resistance. Additionally, consequences of interfering with such ROS signals by pharmacological or natural compounds are being discussed, concluding that particularly antioxidants are useless or even harmful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich), Schwerzenbach/Zürich, CH 8603, Switzerland
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Dept. of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, University of Jena, Jena D-07743, Germany
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Malta A, de Oliveira JC, Ribeiro TADS, Tófolo LP, Barella LF, Prates KV, Miranda RA, Elmhiri G, Franco CCDS, Agostinho AR, Trombini AB, Pavanello A, Gravena C, Abdennebi-Najar L, Mathias PCDF. Low-protein diet in adult male rats has long-term effects on metabolism. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:285-95. [PMID: 24599936 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional insults during developmental plasticity have been linked with metabolic diseases such as diabetes in adulthood. We aimed to investigate whether a low-protein (LP) diet at the beginning of adulthood is able to program metabolic disruptions in rats. While control rats ate a normal-protein (23%; NP group) diet, treated rats were fed a LP (4%; LP group) diet from 60 to 90 days of age, after which an NP diet was supplied until they were 150 days old. Plasma levels of glucose and insulin, autonomous nervous system (ANS), and pancreatic islet function were then evaluated. Compared with the NP group, LP rats exhibited unchanged body weight and reduced food intake throughout the period of protein restriction; however, after the switch to the NP diet, hyperphagia of 10% (P<0.05), and catch-up growth of 113% (P<0.0001) were found. The LP rats showed hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and higher fat accretion than the NP rats. While the sympathetic tonus from LP rats reduced by 28%, the vagus tonus increased by 21% (P<0.05). Compared with the islets from NP rats, the glucose insulinotropic effect as well as cholinergic and adrenergic actions was unaltered in the islets from LP rats. Protein restriction at the beginning of adulthood induced unbalanced ANS activity and fat tissue accretion later in life, even without functional disturbances in the pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Malta
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Block H67, Room 19, State University of Maringá, Colombo Avenue 5970, 87020-900 Maringá, Parana, Brazil UPSP-EGEAL Institut Polytechnique LaSalle de Beauvais, Beauvais Cedex, France
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Liu KA, Lashinger LM, Rasmussen AJ, Hursting SD. Leucine supplementation differentially enhances pancreatic cancer growth in lean and overweight mice. Cancer Metab 2014; 2:6. [PMID: 24685128 PMCID: PMC4392529 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3002-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The risk of pancreatic cancer, the 4th deadliest cancer for both men and women in the United States, is increased by obesity. Calorie restriction (CR) is a well-known dietary regimen that prevents or reverses obesity and suppresses tumorigenesis in a variety of animal models, at least in part via inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), especially leucine, activate mTOR and enhance growth and proliferation of myocytes and epithelial cells, which is why leucine is a popular supplement among athletes. Leucine is also increasingly being used as a treatment for pancreatic cancer cachexia, but the effects of leucine supplementation on pancreatic tumor growth have not been elucidated. Results Supplementation with leucine increased pancreatic tumor growth in both lean (104 ± 17 mm3 versus 46 ± 13 mm3; P <0.05) and overweight (367 ± 45 mm3 versus 230 ± 39 mm3; P <0.01) mice, but tumor enhancement was associated with different biological outcomes depending on the diet. In the lean mice, leucine increased phosphorylation of mTOR and downstream effector S6 ribosomal protein, but in the overweight mice, leucine reduced glucose clearance and thus increased the amount of circulating glucose available to the tumor. Conclusions These findings show that leucine supplementation enhances tumor growth in both lean and overweight mice through diet-dependent effects in a murine model of pancreatic cancer, suggesting caution against the clinical use of leucine supplementation for the purposes of skeletal muscle enhancement in cachectic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyn A Liu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Laura M Lashinger
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Audrey J Rasmussen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78723, USA.,Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1808 Park Road 1c, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
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14
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Caloric restriction prevents lead-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat liver. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:821524. [PMID: 24707217 PMCID: PMC3950997 DOI: 10.1155/2014/821524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of caloric restriction on liver of lead-administered rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: Ad libitum fed group (AL, free access to normal rat chow) and caloric restriction group (CR, fed 65% of AL animals' food intake). After 6 weeks, half of the animals of each group were injected lead acetate and the other half were injected saline. Liver tissue samples were collected at the end of the experiments. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured in the tissue extracts. Histological studies were also performed. Our results showed that lead administrations (not saline injections) reduced liver SOD and GPx and increased MDA and TNF-α in AL animals, but in the CR animals lead injections did not significantly change the measured parameters. The histological studies supported the biochemical findings. We concluded that 65% CR may prevent lead-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in rat liver.
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15
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Walsh ME, Shi Y, Van Remmen H. The effects of dietary restriction on oxidative stress in rodents. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 66:88-99. [PMID: 23743291 PMCID: PMC4017324 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is observed during aging and in numerous age-related diseases. Dietary restriction (DR) is a regimen that protects against disease and extends life span in multiple species. However, it is unknown how DR mediates its protective effects. One prominent and consistent effect of DR in a number of systems is the ability to reduce oxidative stress and damage. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively examine the hypothesis that dietary restriction reduces oxidative stress in rodents by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, leading to an overall reduction of oxidative damage to macromolecules. The literature reveals that the effects of DR on oxidative stress are complex and likely influenced by a variety of factors, including sex, species, tissue examined, types of ROS and antioxidant enzymes examined, and duration of DR. Here we present a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the effect of DR on mitochondrial ROS generation, antioxidant enzymes, and oxidative damage. In a majority of studies, dietary restriction had little effect on mitochondrial ROS production or antioxidant activity. On the other hand, DR decreased oxidative damage in the majority of cases. Although the effects of DR on endogenous antioxidants are mixed, we find that glutathione levels are the most likely antioxidant to be increased by dietary restriction, which supports the emerging redox-stress hypothesis of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Walsh
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245; South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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16
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Barella LF, de Oliveira JC, Mathias PCDF. Pancreatic islets and their roles in metabolic programming. Nutrition 2013; 30:373-9. [PMID: 24206821 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and epidemiologic data have confirmed that undernutrition or overnutrition during critical periods of life can result in metabolic dysfunction, leading to the development of obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes, later in life. These studies have contributed to the concept of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD), which involves metabolic programming patterns. Beyond the earlier phases of development, puberty can be an additional period of plasticity, during which any insult can lead to changes in metabolism. Impaired brain development, associated with imbalanced autonomous nervous system activity due to metabolic programming, is pivotal to the creation of pathophysiology. Excess glucocorticoid exposure, due to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis deregulation, is also involved in malprogramming in early life. Additionally, the pancreatic islets appear to play a decisive role in the setup and maintenance of these metabolic dysfunctions as key targets of metabolic programming, and epigenetic mechanisms may underlie these changes. Moreover, studies have indicated the possibility that deprogramming renders the islets able to recover their functioning after malprogramming. In this review, we discuss the key roles of the pancreatic islets as targets of malprogramming; however, we also discuss their roles as important targets for the treatment and prevention of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Felipe Barella
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
| | - Júlio Cezar de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Laboratory of Secretion Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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