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Hsu SH, Yang HY, Chang CC, Tsai SK, Li C, Chang MY, Ko YC, Chou LF, Tsai CY, Tian YC, Yang CW. Blocking pathogenic Leptospira invasion with aptamer molecules targeting outer membrane LipL32 protein. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105299. [PMID: 38224944 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop aptamers targeting LipL32, a most abundant lipoprotein in pathogenic Leptospira, to hinder bacterial invasion. The objectives were to identify high-affinity aptamers through SELEX and evaluate their specificity and inhibitory effects. SELEX was employed to generate LipL32 aptamers (L32APs) over 15 rounds of selection. L32APs' binding affinity and specificity for pathogenic Leptospira were assessed. Their ability to inhibit LipL32-ECM interaction and Leptospira invasion was investigated. Animal studies were conducted to evaluate the impact of L32AP treatment on survival rates, Leptospira colonization, and kidney damage. Three L32APs with strong binding affinity were identified. They selectively detected pathogenic Leptospira, sparing non-pathogenic strains. L32APs inhibited LipL32-ECM interaction and Leptospira invasion. In animal studies, L32AP administration significantly improved survival rates, reduced Leptospira colonies, and mitigated kidney damage compared to infection alone. This pioneering research developed functional aptamers targeting pathogenic Leptospira. The identified L32APs exhibited high affinity, pathogen selectivity, and inhibition of invasion and ECM interaction. L32AP treatment showed promising results, enhancing survival rates and reducing Leptospira colonization and kidney damage. These findings demonstrate the potential of aptamers to impede pathogenic Leptospira invasion and aid in recovery from Leptospira-induced kidney injury (190 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Hsing Hsu
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chen Chang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chien Li
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Chang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Ko
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Chou
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ying Tsai
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Celis-Seposo AK, Madaniyazi L, Seposo X, Hashizume M, Yoshida LM, Toizumi M. Incidence and seasonality of Kawasaki disease in children in the Philippines, and its association with ambient air temperature. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1358638. [PMID: 38711494 PMCID: PMC11070490 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1358638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite an unknown cause, Kawasaki disease (KD) is currently the primary leading cause of acquired heart disease in developed countries in children and has been increasing in recent years. Research efforts have explored environmental factors related to KD, but they are still unclear especially in the tropics. We aimed to describe the incidence of KD in children, assess its seasonality, and determine its association with ambient air temperature in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines from January 2009 to December 2019. Methods Monthly number of KD cases from the Philippine Pediatric Society (PPS) disease registry was collected to determine the incidence of KD. A generalized linear model (GLM) with quasi-Poisson regression was utilized to assess the seasonality of KD and determine its association with ambient air temperature after adjusting for the relevant confounders. Results The majority of KD cases (68.52%) occurred in children less than five years old, with incidence rates ranging from 14.98 to 23.20 cases per 100,000 population, and a male-to-female ratio of 1.43:1. Seasonal variation followed a unimodal shape with a rate ratio of 1.13 from the average, peaking in March and reaching the lowest in September. After adjusting for seasonality and long-term trend, every one-degree Celsius increase in the monthly mean temperature significantly increased the risk of developing KD by 8.28% (95% CI: 2.12%, 14.80%). Season-specific analysis revealed a positive association during the dry season (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.11), whereas no evidence of association was found during the wet season (RR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.27). Conclusion We have presented the incidence of KD in the Philippines which is relatively varied from its neighboring countries. The unimodal seasonality of KD and its linear association with temperature, independent of season and secular trend, especially during dry season, may provide insights into its etiology and may support enhanced KD detection efforts in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lina Madaniyazi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Japan Environment and Children's Study Programme Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
- Ateneo Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo de Manila University, Pasig, Philippines
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lay Myint Yoshida
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Michiko Toizumi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Lin C, Zeng Y, Zhu Z, Liao J, Yang T, Liu Y, Wei H, Li J, Ma J, Wu X, Lin G, Lin L, Chen L, Huang H, Chen W, Wang J, Wen F, Lin M. A Rapid Antimicrobial Resistance Diagnostic Platform for Staphylococcus aureus Using Recombinase Polymerase Amplification. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0447622. [PMID: 36975799 PMCID: PMC10100846 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04476-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has posed a global threat to public health. The Staphylococcus aureus strains have especially developed AMR to practically all antimicrobial medications. There is an unmet need for rapid and accurate detection of the S. aureus AMR. In this study, we developed two versions of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), the fluorescent signal monitoring and lateral flow dipstick, for detecting the clinically relevant AMR genes retained by S. aureus isolates and simultaneously identifying such isolates at the species level. The sensitivity and specificity were validated with clinical samples. Our results showed that this RPA tool was able to detect antibiotic resistance for all the 54 collected S. aureus isolates with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (all higher than 92%). Moreover, results of the RPA tool are 100% consistent with that of PCR. In sum, we successfully developed a rapid and accurate AMR diagnostic platform for S. aureus. The RPA might be used as an effective diagnostic test in clinical microbiology laboratories to improve the design and application of antibiotic therapy. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is a species of Staphylococcus and belongs to Gram-positive. Meanwhile, S. aureus remains one of the most common nosocomial and community-acquired infections, causing blood flow, skin, soft tissue, and lower respiratory tract infections. The identification of the particular nuc gene and the other eight genes of drug-resistant S. aureus can reliably and quickly diagnose the illness, allowing doctors to prescribe treatment regimens sooner. The detection target in this work is a particular gene of S. aureus, and a POCT is built to simultaneously recognize S. aureus and analyze genes representing four common antibiotic families. We developed and assessed a rapid and on-site diagnostic platform for the specific and sensitive detection of S. aureus. This method allows the determination of S. aureus infection and 10 different AMR genes representing four different families of antibiotics within 40 min. It was easily adaptable in low-resource circumstances and professional-lacking circumstances. It should be supported in overcoming the continuous difficulty of drug-resistant S. aureus infections, which is a shortage of diagnostic tools that can swiftly detect infectious bacteria and numerous antibiotic resistance indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangxing Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongmei Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayu Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiandan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqun Liu
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huagui Wei
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jibin Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyun Lin
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liying Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Huiying Huang
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhong Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Chaozhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junli Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Lin
- School of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
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Hsu SH, Yang CW. Insight into the Structure, Functions, and Dynamics of the Leptospira Outer Membrane Proteins with the Pathogenicity. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030300. [PMID: 35323775 PMCID: PMC8951592 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis that frequently occurs in tropical and subtropical countries. Leptospira enters the host through wounds or mucous membranes and spreads to the whole body through the blood, causing systemic infection. Kidneys are the preferential site where Leptospira accumulates, especially in the renal interstitium and renal tubule epithelial cells. Clinical symptoms in humans include high fever, jaundice, renal failure, and severe multiple-organ failure (Weil’s syndrome). Surface-exposed antigens are located at the outermost layer of Leptospira and these potential virulence factors are likely involved in primary host-pathogen interactions, adhesion, and/or invasion. Using the knockout/knockdown techniques to the evaluation of pathogenicity in the virulence factor are the most direct and effective methods and many virulence factors are evaluated including lipopolysaccharides (LPS), Leptospira lipoprotein 32 (LipL32), Leptospira ompA domain protein 22 (Loa22), LipL41, LipL71, Leptospira immunoglobulin-like repeat A (LigA), LigB, and LipL21. In this review, we will discuss the structure, functions, and dynamics of these virulence factors and the roles of these virulence factors in Leptospira pathogenicity. In addition, a protein family with special Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) will also be discussed for their vital role in Leptospira pathogenicity. Finally, these surface-exposed antigens are discussed in the application of the diagnosis target for leptospirosis and compared with the serum microscope agglutination test (MAT), the gold standard for leptospirosis.
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Abstract
Disasters such as the magnitude-9 Great East Japan Earthquake occur periodically. We considered this experience while developing measures against a predicted earthquake in the Nankai Trough. This report includes a summary of 10 disastrous infectious diseases for which a countermeasures seminar was held. Thirty-five speakers from twenty-one organizations performed the lectures. Besides infectious diseases, conference topics also included disaster prevention and mitigation methods. In addition, the development of point-of-care tests, biomarkers for diagnosis, and severity assessments for infectious diseases were introduced, along with epidemics of infectious diseases affected by climate. Of the 28 pathogens that became a hot topic, 17 are viruses, and 14 out of these 17 (82%) are RNA viruses. Of the 10 seminars, the last 2 targeted only COVID-19. It was emphasized that COVID-19 is not just a disaster-related infection but a disaster itself. The first seminar on COVID-19 provided immunological and epidemiological knowledge and commentary on clinical practices. During the second COVID-19 seminar, vaccine development, virological characteristics, treatment of respiratory failure, biomarkers, and human genetic susceptibility for infectious diseases were discussed. Conducting continuous seminars is important for general infectious controls.
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Abstract
This is a memorial paper for Prof [...]
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Nichols ZE, Geddes CD. Sample Preparation and Diagnostic Methods for a Variety of Settings: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2021; 26:5666. [PMID: 34577137 PMCID: PMC8470389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is an essential step for nearly every type of biochemical analysis in use today. Among the most important of these analyses is the diagnosis of diseases, since their treatment may rely greatly on time and, in the case of infectious diseases, containing their spread within a population to prevent outbreaks. To address this, many different methods have been developed for use in the wide variety of settings for which they are needed. In this work, we have reviewed the literature and report on a broad range of methods that have been developed in recent years and their applications to point-of-care (POC), high-throughput screening, and low-resource and traditional clinical settings for diagnosis, including some of those that were developed in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to covering alternative approaches and improvements to traditional sample preparation techniques such as extractions and separations, techniques that have been developed with focuses on integration with smart devices, laboratory automation, and biosensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach E. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Drive, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA;
- Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21270, USA
| | - Chris D. Geddes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Drive, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA;
- Institute of Fluorescence, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21270, USA
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Nichols ZE, Saha L, Knoblauch R, Santaus TM, Geddes CD. Development of a Microplate Platform for High-Throughput Sample Preparation Based on Microwave Metasurfaces. IEEE ACCESS : PRACTICAL INNOVATIONS, OPEN SOLUTIONS 2021; 9:37823-37833. [PMID: 33996342 PMCID: PMC8117924 DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3063092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation is one of the most time-consuming steps in diagnostic assays, particularly those involving biological samples. In this paper we report the results of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and thermographic imaging experiments carried out with the intent of designing a microplate for rapid, high-throughput sample preparation to aid diagnostic assays. This work is based on devices known as microwave lysing triangles (MLTs) that have been proven capable of rapid sample preparation when irradiated in a standard microwave cavity. FDTD software was used to model a microplate platform as a polystyrene substrate with an array of various passive scattering elements (PSEs) of different sizes, shapes, and interelement spacings in a 2.45 GHz field identical to that of a common microwave oven. Based on the FDTD modeling, several PSE arrays were fabricated by cutting PSEs out of aluminum foil and adhering them to the bottom of regular polystyrene microplates to make prototypes. Each prototype microplate was then irradiated in a microwave cavity for a range of different times, powers, and source angles and the heating effects were observed via a forward looking infrared (FLIR) camera. Based on the results, two prototype microplate platforms have been shown to demonstrate electromagnetic and thermal enhancements similar to those seen with MLTs as well as tunable thermal responses to radio frequency (RF) irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach E Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD 21250, USA
- Institute of Fluorescence, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Lahari Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD 21250, USA
| | - Rachael Knoblauch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD 21250, USA
- Institute of Fluorescence, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Tonya M Santaus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD 21250, USA
- Institute of Fluorescence, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Chris D Geddes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD 21250, USA
- Institute of Fluorescence, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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Plasma Levels of a Cleaved Form of Galectin-9 Are the Most Sensitive Biomarkers of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and Tuberculosis Coinfection. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111495. [PMID: 33143141 PMCID: PMC7693693 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with tuberculosis (TB) is a global public issue. Due to the paucity of bacteria in AIDS/TB, blood-based biomarkers that reflect disease severity are desired. Plasma levels of matricellular proteins, such as osteopontin (OPN) and galectin-9 (Gal-9), are known to be elevated in AIDS and TB. Therefore, full-length (FL)-Gal9 and FL-OPN, and their truncated forms (Tr-Gal9, Ud-OPN), and 38 cytokines/chemokines were measured in the plasma of 24 AIDS (other than TB), 49 TB, and 33 AIDS/TB patients. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to screen molecules that could distinguish either between disease and normal group, among each disease group, or between deceased patients and survivors. Selected molecules were further analyzed for significant differences. Tr-Gal9 had the highest ability to differentiate TB from AIDS or AIDS/TB, while Ud-OPN distinguished multidrug resistance (MDR)-TB from non-MDR TB, and extra-pulmonary TB from pulmonary TB. Molecules significantly elevated in deceased patients included; FL-Gal9, Tr-Gal9, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-17A and transforming growth factor-α in AIDS; IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in TB; and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β in AIDS/TB. From the sensitivity, specificity, and significant elevation, Tr-Gal9 is the best biomarker of inflammation and severity in AIDS and AIDS/TB.
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Grandjean Lapierre S, Drancourt M. rpoB Targeted Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Consensus Detection of Mycobacteria Associated With Pulmonary Infections. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:332. [PMID: 30547031 PMCID: PMC6279915 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a nucleic acid method which has been used to identify mycobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical microbiology laboratory and point of care settings. Previously published LAMP protocols for detection of mycobacterial species used conventional specific primer and targeted the 16S rRNA, gyrB, and insertion sequence genes. We developed and evaluated a LAMP assay targeting a mycobacterial rpoB gene conserved sequence and incorporating degenerate primers. This assay allowed consensus detection of mycobacterial species from pure culture, clinical respiratory tract samples, and mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) liquid-based culture medium. A panel of twenty mycobacterial species were successfully detected at detection thresholds of 102 CFU/mL and 103 CFU/mL when respectively performed on pure culture suspension or sputum and MGIT broth. The inclusion of degenerate bases in LAMP primers increased the diversity of mycobacterial species identified by the assay without negatively affecting analytical sensitivity. LAMP-based consensus detection of multiple pathogens can be achieved with degenerate primers therefore allowing the design of rapid multi-disease screening assays. Despite high analytical sensitivity, species specificity and the advantageous operational characteristics of LAMP over PCR, challenges such as potential ambiguity in visual interpretation of results and occasional non-specific amplification precludes the implementation of novel LAMP assay in routine diagnostics both in centralized and point-of-care laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grandjean Lapierre
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 198, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD 198, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Toma C, Koizumi N, Kakita T, Yamaguchi T, Hermawan I, Higa N, Yamashiro T. Leptospiral 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase as an early urinary biomarker of leptospirosis. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00616. [PMID: 29862373 PMCID: PMC5968168 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, is a globally widespread, neglected and emerging zoonotic disease. The currently used diagnostic tests are time-consuming, require technical expertise or require the use of sophisticated equipment. Clinicians have pointed out the urgent need to develop a rapid test for the diagnosis of acute leptospirosis with a non-invasive and easy sampling method. In this study, we have focused on a leptospiral enzyme, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (3-HADH), as a urinary biomarker of acute leptospirosis. A specific antiserum for pathogenic Leptospira spp. was produced, targeting a peptide corresponding to amino acids 410 to 424 of 3-HADH. The antiserum was used to investigate whether 3-HADH is excreted in the urine by Western blotting. Among 70 suspected leptospirosis patients, 40 were laboratory confirmed by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using paired sera samples and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the acute phase of the laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis cases, sensitivity for 3-HADH, blood PCR and urine PCR were 52.5%, 57.5% and 12%, respectively. 3-HADH was detected from 2 days post-onset of illness (p.o) and could be detected at least until 9 days p.o. The combination of PCR and 3-HADH detection increased sensitivity of diagnosis to 100% in samples collected between 1 and 3 days p.o., and to 82% in samples collected between 4 and 9 days p.o. Our results suggested that the detection of 3-HADH can support a clinical diagnosis of leptospirosis, especially when serological methods are negative during the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Toma
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kakita
- Medical Microbiology and Zoology Section, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa 904-2214, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Idam Hermawan
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Naomi Higa
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamashiro
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
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Guo XG, Zhou YZ, Li Q, Wang W, Wen JZ, Zheng L, Wang Q. Rapid and reliable diagnostic method to detect Zika virus by real-time fluorescence reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. AMB Express 2018; 8:60. [PMID: 29671176 PMCID: PMC5906417 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0591-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To detect Zika virus more rapidly and accurately, we developed a novel method that utilized a real-time fluorescence reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. The NS5 gene was amplified by a set of six specific primers that recognized six distinct sequences. The amplification process, including 60 min of thermostatic reaction with Bst DNA polymerase following real-time fluorescence reverse transcriptase using genomic Zika virus standard strain (MR766), was conducted through fluorescent signaling. Among the six pairs of primers that we designate here, NS5 was the most efficient with a high sensitivity of up to 3.3 ng/μl and reproducible specificity on eight pathogen samples that were used as negative controls. The real-time fluorescence reverse transcription LAMP detection process can be completed within 35 min. Our study demonstrated that real-time fluorescence reverse transcription LAMP could be highly beneficial and convenient clinical application to detect Zika virus due to its high specificity and stability.
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Hsu SH, Hung CC, Chang MY, Ko YC, Yang HY, Hsu HH, Tian YC, Chou LF, Pan RL, Tseng FG, Yang CW. Active Components of Leptospira Outer Membrane Protein LipL32 to Toll-Like Receptor 2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8363. [PMID: 28827637 PMCID: PMC5566480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins belonging to the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, particularly TLR2, are the major components of innate immunity against Leptospira infection. The ligands for TLR2 harbor several conserved patterns such as lipidation molecules, leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, TLR2 binding motifs, and TLR2 binding structure. In Leptospira, LipL32 interacts with TLR2 on human kidney cells concomitantly stimulating inflammatory responses. However, the binding mechanism of LipL32 to TLR2 is unknown. The computational prediction suggests that β1β2, loop-α3-loop, and α4 domains of LipL32 play vital roles in LipL32-TLR2 complex formation. To test these predictions, protein truncation experiments revealed that LipL32ΔNβ1β2 significantly decreased the affinity to TLR2 while LipL32ΔCα4 slightly reduced it. Interestingly, LipL32ΔCenα3 retained affinity to TLR2 in the absence of Ca2+ ions, indicating that Cenα3 play a role preventing the interaction between LipL32 and TLR2. Furthermore, the critical residues of LipL32 involved in interacting with TLR2 suggested that V35S, L36S and L263S variants significantly decreased the affinity to TLR2. The results further confirm that LipL32 interacts with TLR2 through Nβ1β2 and Cα4 domains of LipL32 as well as LipL32-TLR2 complex formation results from hydrophobic interactions. This study provides a detailed mechanism of the interaction between LipL32 and TLR2 and the residues involved in complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Hsing Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chieh Hung
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Yang Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ching Ko
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Hao Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Chung Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Fang Chou
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rong-Long Pan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, College of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, College of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin Chu, 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33333, Taiwan, ROC.
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15
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Effect of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on dengue fever and leptospirosis infections in Manila, the Philippines. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 145:78-86. [PMID: 27608858 DOI: 10.1017/s095026881600203x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) and leptospirosis are serious public problems in tropical regions, especially in Manila, the Philippines. In attempting to understand the causes of DF and leptospirosis seasonality, meteorological factors have been suspected, but quantitative correlation between seasonality and meteorological factors has not been fully investigated. In this study, we investigated correlation of temporal patterns of reported numbers of laboratory-confirmed cases of both DF and leptospirosis with meteorological conditions (temperature, relative humidity, rainfall) in Manila. We used time-series analysis combined with spectral analysis and the least squares method. A 1-year cycle explained underlying variations of DF, leptospirosis and meteorological data. There was a peak of the 1-year cycle in temperature during May, followed by maxima in rainfall, relative humidity and number of laboratory-confirmed DF and leptospirosis cases. This result suggests that DF and leptospirosis epidemics are correlated not only with rainfall but also relative humidity and temperature in the Philippines. Quantifying the correlation of DF and leptospirosis infections with meteorological conditions may prove useful in predicting DF and leptospirosis epidemics, and health services should plan accordingly.
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