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Liu S, Liu N, Lu H, Zhu L. Disturbed phospholipid metabolism by three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Oryza sativa. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 283:117073. [PMID: 33915499 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous pollutants in soils that can be readily absorbed by crops, affecting growth and development. Phospholipids (PLs) are essential components of cell membrane and can indicate cellular responses to various organic pollutants. However, the detailed molecular mechanism of phospholipid metabolism based regulation employed by crops in response to PAHs stresses remains elusive. This study characterized the accumulation patterns of representative PAHs, namely phenanthrene (PHEN), pyrene (PY), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in rice (Oryza sativa). Crop's responses to PAHs via the regulation of phospholipid metabolism were also explored. PHEN exhibited the highest accumulation in both roots and shoots, followed by PY and BaP, despite PY exhibited much greater phytotoxicity than the other two PAHs. The exposure to 10-500 μg/L PY resulted in downregulations of the phospholipase A2 genes PLA2-3, PLA2-4, and PLA2-6 (to 19% of the control without exposure) and phospholipase C genes PLC-1, PLC-2, and PLC-4 (to 50% of the control), consistent with the changes in phospholipase activity. The contents of typical PLs, including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid also decreased to a greater extent than those in the PHEN- and BaP-exposed groups. These were the major reasons for the relatively high phytotoxicity of PY, in terms of growth inhibition and cell membrane damage. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of crop responses to PAHs and provide insights into risk assessment of soil PAH contamination, which hold potentials in improving food safety and quality worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Huijie Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Impact Injury at Harvest Promotes Body Rots in ‘Hass’ Avocado Fruit upon Ripening. HORTICULTURAE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae6010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Global demand for avocados has risen rapidly in recent years, yet supplying fruit that consistently meets consumer expectations for quality remains a challenge in the industry. Body rots in avocado fruit are a leading cause of consumer dissatisfaction. Anecdotal evidence suggests that body rot development may be promoted by mechanical injury at harvest and packing, despite the fruit being hard, green and mature (i.e., unripe) at these stages. Here, ‘Hass’ avocado fruit, harvested across multiple fruiting seasons from commercial orchards, were subjected to controlled impact from drop heights of 15–60 cm at the time of harvest or packing. With increasing drop height, body rot development at eating ripe stage generally occurred more frequently and produced larger lesions at the impact site and, in some experiments, elsewhere on the fruit. These findings refute a general belief that green mature avocado fruit can tolerate a degree of rough physical handling without ripe fruit quality being compromised. Ideally, best avocado harvesting and packing practice should recognize that unripe fruit must not experience drop heights of 30 cm or higher.
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Ansari WA, Atri N, Ahmad J, Qureshi MI, Singh B, Kumar R, Rai V, Pandey S. Drought mediated physiological and molecular changes in muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222647. [PMID: 31550269 PMCID: PMC6759176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Water deficiency up to a certain level and duration leads to a stress condition called drought. It is a multi-dimensional stress causing alteration in the physiological, morphological, biochemical, and molecular traits in plants resulting in improper plant growth and development. Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses responsible for loss of crops including muskmelon (Cucumis melo. L). Muskmelon genotype SC-15, which exhibits high drought resistance as reported in our earlier reports, was exposed to deficient water condition and studied for alteration in physiological, molecular and proteomic profile changes in the leaves. Drought stress results in reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration (E) rate. With expanded severity of drought, declination recorded in content of total chlorophyll and carotenoid while enhancement observed in phenol content indicating generation of oxidative stress. In contrary, activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and guaiacol (POD) were increased under drought stress. Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) showed that drought increased the relative abundance of 38 spots while decreases10 spots of protein. The identified proteins belong to protein synthesis, photosynthesis, nucleotide biosynthesis, stress response, transcription regulation, metabolism, energy and DNA binding. A drought-induced MADS-box transcription factor was identified. The present findings indicate that under drought muskmelon elevates the abundance of defense proteins and suppresses catabolic proteins. The data obtained exhibits possible mechanisms adopted by muskmelon to counter the impacts of drought induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waquar Akhter Ansari
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Botany, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Atri
- Department of Botany, M.M.V., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Proteomics & Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Irfan Qureshi
- Proteomics & Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Bijendra Singh
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- ICAR–National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandna Rai
- ICAR–National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, LBS Centre, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhakar Pandey
- ICAR–Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Malekzadeh P, Khosravi-Nejad F, Hatamnia AA, Sheikhakbari Mehr R. Impact of postharvest exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid treatment on cucumber fruit in response to chilling tolerance. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 23:827-836. [PMID: 29158632 PMCID: PMC5671457 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-017-0475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature storage is generally used to extend postharvest lifetime and to inhibit decay of cucumber fruit, but it also enhances the intensity of chilling injury. The capability of γ-aminobutyric acid to enhance antioxidant enzyme activities and reduce chilling injury was studied in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit stored at 1 °C for 5 weeks. The purpose of this study was to define if the GABA-induced modification in antioxidant system and phospholipase activity is linked to the reduced chilling injury in cold-stored cucumber fruit. Alleviation of chilling injury by GABA treatment was related to increased content of proline, endogenous GABA and enhanced activities of CAT and SOD, together with reduced activities of PLC, PLD and LOX. We suggest that PLC, LOX and PLD are associated with chilling injury initiation by involvement in a signaling pathway and membrane deterioration. Therefore the results obtained in this study suggest GABA's potential for postharvest applications for reducing chilling injury symptom in cucumber fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parviz Malekzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
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Prasad A, Sedlářová M, Kale RS, Pospíšil P. Lipoxygenase in singlet oxygen generation as a response to wounding: in vivo imaging in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9831. [PMID: 28851974 PMCID: PMC5575249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09758-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Wounding, one of the most intensive stresses influencing plants ontogeny and lifespan, can be induced by herbivory as well as by physical factors. Reactive oxygen species play indispensable role both in the local and systemic defense reactions which enable "reprogramming" of metabolic pathways to set new boundaries and physiological equilibrium suitable for survival. In our current study, we provide experimental evidence on the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) after wounding of Arabidopsis leaves. It is shown that 1O2 is formed by triplet-triplet energy transfer from triplet carbonyls to molecular oxygen. Using lipoxygenase inhibitor catechol, it is demonstrated that lipid peroxidation is initiated by lipoxygenase. Suppression of 1O2 formation in lox2 mutant which lacks chloroplast lipoxygenase indicates that lipoxygenase localized in chloroplast is predominantly responsible for 1O2 formation. Interestingly, 1O2 formation is solely restricted to chloroplasts localized at the wounding site. Data presented in this study might provide novel insight into wound-induced signaling in the local defense reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ravindra Sonajirao Kale
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Safaie Farahani A, Taghavi SM. Profiling expression of lipoxygenase in cucumber during compatible and incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 22:175-177. [PMID: 27186031 PMCID: PMC4840145 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0332-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We compared lipoxygenase (LOX) expression in cucumber in response to host and non-host pathogens. Our results displayed significant difference in expression of LOX between compatible and incompatible interaction at 12, 24 and 48 h after inoculation. Moreover, LOX expression at 72 h after inoculation was similar in both compatible and incompatible interaction. It seems that early induction of LOX plays a crucial role in plant defense against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Safaie Farahani
- />Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S. Mohsen Taghavi
- />Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Singh SK, Wu Y, Ghosh JS, Pattanaik S, Fisher C, Wang Y, Lawson D, Yuan L. RNA-sequencing Reveals Global Transcriptomic Changes in Nicotiana tabacum Responding to Topping and Treatment of Axillary-shoot Control Chemicals. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18148. [PMID: 26670135 PMCID: PMC4680964 DOI: 10.1038/srep18148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Removal of terminal buds (topping) and control of the formation of axillary shoots (suckers) are common agronomic practices that significantly impact the yield and quality of various crop plants. Application of chemicals (suckercides) to plants following topping is an effective method for sucker control. However, our current knowledge of the influence of topping, and subsequent suckercide applications, to gene expression is limited. We analyzed the differential gene expression using RNA-sequencing in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) that are topped, or treated after topping by two different suckercides, the contact-localized-systemic, Flupro(®) (FP), and contact, Off-Shoot-T(®). Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 179 were identified as common to all three conditions. DEGs, largely related to wounding, phytohormone metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, exhibited significant upregulation following topping, and downregulation after suckercide treatments. DEGs related to photosynthetic processes were repressed following topping and suckercide treatments. Moreover, topping and FP-treatment affect the expression of auxin and cytokinin signaling pathway genes that are possibly involved in axillary shoot formation. Our results provide insights into the global change of plant gene expression in response to topping and suckercide treatments. The regulatory elements of topping-inducible genes are potentially useful for the development of a chemical-free sucker control system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay K. Singh
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center , University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Yongmei Wu
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center , University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Jayadri S. Ghosh
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center , University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Sitakanta Pattanaik
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center , University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Colin Fisher
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A.
| | - Ying Wang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Darlene Lawson
- R J Reynolds, Inc. 950 Reynolds Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, U.S.A.
| | - Ling Yuan
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center , University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A.
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