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Lu C, Miu Q, Jin D, Li A, Cheng Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Li S. Genetic variability of rice stripe virus after its pandemic in Jiangsu. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7263-7274. [PMID: 37422539 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice stripe virus (RSV) caused a serious disease pandemic in rice in East China between 2001 and 2010. The continuous integrated managements reduced virus epidemic year by year until it was non-epidemic. As an RNA virus, its genetic variability after undergoing a long-term non-epidemic period was meaningful to study. While in 2019, the sudden occurrence of RSV in Jiangsu provided an opportunity for the study. METHODS AND RESULTS The complete genome of JY2019, an RSV isolate from Jiangyan, was determined. A genotype profile of 22 isolates from China, Japan and Korea indicated that the isolates from Yunnan formed the subtype II, and other isolates clustered the subtype I. RNA 1-3 of JY2019 isolate well-clustered in the subtype I clade, and RNA 4 was also in subtype I, but it had a slight separation from other intra-group isolates. After phylogenetic analyses, it was considered NSvc4 gene contributed to the tendency, because it exhibited an obvious trend towards the subtype II (Yunnan) group. High sequence identity (100%) of NSvc4 between JY2019 and barnyardgrass isolate from different regions demonstrated genetic variation of NSvc4 was consistent in RSV natural populations in Jiangsu in the non-epidemic period. In the phylogenetic tree of all 74 NSvc4 genes, JY2019 belonged to a minor subtype Ib, suggesting the subtype Ib isolates might have existed in natural populations before the non-epidemic period, but not a dominant population. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that NSvc4 gene was susceptible to selection pressure, and the subtype Ib might be more adaptable for the interaction between RSV and hosts in the non-epidemic ecological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qian Miu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Daoran Jin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Aiguo Li
- Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Jiangyan, Taizhou, 225500, China
| | - Zhaobang Cheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yunyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Agriculture Biodiversity for Plant Disease Management, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China.
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Xu Y, Fu S, Tao X, Zhou X. Rice stripe virus: Exploring Molecular Weapons in the Arsenal of a Negative-Sense RNA Virus. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:351-371. [PMID: 34077238 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rice stripe disease caused by Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating plant viruses of rice and causes enormous losses in production. RSV is transmitted from plant to plant by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) in a circulative-propagative manner. The recent reemergence of this pathogen in East Asia since 2000 has made RSV one of the most studied plant viruses over the past two decades. Extensive studies of RSV have resulted in substantial advances regarding fundamental aspects of the virus infection. Here, we compile and analyze recent information on RSV with a special emphasis on the strategies that RSV has adopted to establish infections. These advances include RSV replication and movement in host plants and the small brown planthopper vector, innate immunity defenses against RSV infection, epidemiology, and recent advances in the management of rice stripe disease. Understanding these issues will facilitate the design of novel antiviral therapies for management and contribute to a more detailed understanding of negative-sense virus-host interactions at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Kormelink R, Verchot J, Tao X, Desbiez C. The Bunyavirales: The Plant-Infecting Counterparts. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050842. [PMID: 34066457 PMCID: PMC8148189 DOI: 10.3390/v13050842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative-strand (-) RNA viruses (NSVs) comprise a large and diverse group of viruses that are generally divided in those with non-segmented and those with segmented genomes. Whereas most NSVs infect animals and humans, the smaller group of the plant-infecting counterparts is expanding, with many causing devastating diseases worldwide, affecting a large number of major bulk and high-value food crops. In 2018, the taxonomy of segmented NSVs faced a major reorganization with the establishment of the order Bunyavirales. This article overviews the major plant viruses that are part of the order, i.e., orthospoviruses (Tospoviridae), tenuiviruses (Phenuiviridae), and emaraviruses (Fimoviridae), and provides updates on the more recent ongoing research. Features shared with the animal-infecting counterparts are mentioned, however, special attention is given to their adaptation to plant hosts and vector transmission, including intra/intercellular trafficking and viral counter defense to antiviral RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kormelink
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanmarie Verchot
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Huang DQ, Chen R, Wang YQ, Hong J, Zhou XP, Wu JX. Development of a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of Rice stripe virus. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 20:343-354. [PMID: 30932379 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1800563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) causes dramatic losses in rice production worldwide. In this study, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 16E6 and 11C1 against RSV and a colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip were developed for specific, sensitive, and rapid detection of RSV in rice plant and planthopper samples. The MAb 16E6 was conjugated with colloidal gold and the MAb 11C1 was coated on the test line of the nitrocellulose membrane of the test strip. The specificity of the test strip was confirmed by a positive reaction to RSV-infected rice plants and small brown planthopper (SBPH), and negative reactions to five other rice viruses, healthy rice plants, four other vectors of five rice viruses, and non-viruliferous SBPH. Sensitivity analyses showed that the test strip could detect the virus in RSV-infected rice plant tissue crude extracts diluted to 1:20 480 (w/v, g/mL), and in individual viruliferous SBPH homogenate diluted to 1:2560 (individual SPBH/μL). The validity of the developed strip was further confirmed by tests using field-collected rice and SBPH samples. This newly developed test strip is a low-cost, fast, and easy-to-use tool for on-site detection of RSV infection during field epidemiological studies and paddy field surveys, and thus can benefit decision-making for RSV management in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ya-Qin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhao W, Wang Q, Xu Z, Liu R, Cui F. Immune responses induced by different genotypes of the disease-specific protein of Rice stripe virus in the vector insect. Virology 2019; 527:122-131. [PMID: 30500711 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Persistent plant viruses circulate between host plants and vector insects, possibly leading to the genetic divergence in viral populations. We analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Rice stripe virus (RSV) when it incubated in the small brown planthopper and rice. Two SNPs, which lead to nonsynonymous substitutions in the disease-specific protein (SP) of RSV, produced three genotypes, i.e., GG, AA and GA. The GG type mainly existed in the early infection period of RSV in the planthoppers and was gradually substituted by the other two genotypes during viral transmission. The two SNPs did not affect the interactions of SP with rice PsbP or with RSV coat protein. The GG genotype of SP induced stronger immune responses than those of the other two genotypes in the pattern recognition molecule and immune-responsive effector pathways. These findings demonstrated the population variations of RSV during the circulation between the vector insect and host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qianshuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science and FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Lu L, Wu S, Jiang J, Liang J, Zhou X, Wu J. Whole genome deep sequencing revealed host impact on population structure, variation and evolution of Rice stripe virus. Virology 2018; 524:32-44. [PMID: 30142571 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput deep sequencing and variant detection showed that variations of Rice stripe virus (RSV) populations obtained from small brown planthopper-transmitted rice plants and sap-inoculated N. benthamiana plants were single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletions (InDels). The SNPs were more uniform across RSV genome, but InDels occurred mainly in the intergenic regions (IRs) and in the 5' or 3' noncoding regions. There were no clear patterns of InDels, although the inserted sequences were all from virus itself. Six, one, and one non-synonymous substitutions were respectively observed in the RdRP ORF, IR and the movement protein ORF. These non-synonymous substitutions were found to be stable, resulting in new consensus sequences in the NBL11 RSV population. Furthermore, the numbers of SNPs and InDels in RSV genome from N. benthamiana plants were much higher than that from O. sativa plants. These differences are likely caused by selection pressures generated by different host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Sanling Wu
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Kaifeng Xiangfu Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Kaifeng, Henan 475100, PR China.
| | - Jingting Liang
- Department of Applied Biological Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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Zhao W, Xu Z, Zhang X, Yang M, Kang L, Liu R, Cui F. Genomic variations in the 3'-termini of Rice stripe virus in the rotation between vector insect and host plant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:1085-1096. [PMID: 29882354 PMCID: PMC6055815 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A large number of plant RNA viruses circulate between plants and insects. For RNA viruses, host alternations may impose a differential selective pressure on viral populations and induce variations in viral genomes. Here, we report the variations in the 3'-terminal regions of the multiple-segment RNA virus Rice stripe virus (RSV) that were discovered through de novo assembly of the genome using RNA sequencing data from infected host plants and vector insects. The newly assembled RSV genome contained 16- and 15-nt extensions at the 3'-termini of two genome segments compared with the published reference RSV genome. Our study demonstrated that these extensional sequences were consistently observed in two RSV isolates belonging to distinct genetic subtypes in RSV-infected rice, wheat and tobacco. Moreover, the de novo assembled genome of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus also contained 3'-terminal extensions in five RNA segments compared with the reference genome. Time course experiments confirmed that the 3'-terminal extensions of RSV were enriched in the vector insects, were gradually eliminated in the host plant and potentially affected viral replication. These findings indicate that variations in the 3'-termini of viral genomes may be different adaptive strategies for plant RNA viruses in insects and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Zhongtian Xu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201602China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Meiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Le Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science and FAFU‐UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and MetabolomicsHaixia Institute of Science and TechnologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Feng Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
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Rao LX, Guo Y, Zhang LL, Zhou XP, Hong J, Wu JX. Genetic variation and population structure of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. Arch Virol 2017; 162:1159-1168. [PMID: 28054163 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) is a single-stranded, positive sense RNA virus infecting cucurbitaceous plants. In recent years, CGMMV has become an important pathogen of cucurbitaceous crops including watermelon, pumpkin, cucumber and bottle gourd in China, causing serious losses to their production. In this study, we surveyed CGMMV infection in various cucurbitaceous crops grown in Zhejiang Province and in several seed lots purchased from local stores with the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA), using a CGMMV specific monoclonal antibody. Seven CGMMV isolates obtained from watermelon, grafted watermelon or oriental melon samples were cloned and sequenced. Identity analysis showed that the nucleotide identities of the seven complete genome sequences ranged from 99.2 to 100%. Phylogenetic analysis of seven CGMMV isolates as well as 24 other CGMMV isolates from the GenBank database showed that all CGMMV isolates could be grouped into two distinct monophyletic clades according to geographic distribution, i.e. Asian isolates for subtype I and European isolates for subtype II, indicating that population diversification of CGMMV isolates may be affected by geographical distribution. Site variation rate analysis of CGMMV found that the overall variation rate was below 8% and mainly ranged from 2 to 5%, indicating that the CGMMV genomic sequence was conservative. Base substitution type analysis of CGMMV showed a mutational bias, with more transitions (A↔G and C↔T) than transversions (A↔C, A↔T, G↔C and G↔T). Most of the variation occurring in the CGMMV genome resulted in non-synonymous substitutions, and the variation rate of some sites was higher than 30% because of this mutational bias. Selection constraint analysis of CGMMV ORFs showed strong negative selection acting on the replication-associated protein, similar to what occurs for other plant RNA viruses. Finally, potential recombination analysis identified isolate Ec as a recombinant with a low degree of confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushuang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Hangzhou City Plant Protection and Soil and Fertilizer Station, Hangzhou, 310020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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Huang L, Li Z, Wu J, Xu Y, Yang X, Fan L, Fang R, Zhou X. Analysis of genetic variation and diversity of Rice stripe virus populations through high-throughput sequencing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:176. [PMID: 25852724 PMCID: PMC4371650 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant RNA viruses often generate diverse populations in their host plants through error-prone replication and recombination. Recent studies on the genetic diversity of plant RNA viruses in various host plants have provided valuable information about RNA virus evolution and emergence of new diseases caused by RNA viruses. We analyzed and compared the genetic diversity of Rice stripe virus (RSV) populations in Oryza sativa (a natural host of RSV) and compared it with that of the RSV populations generated in an infection of Nicotiana benthamiana, an experimental host of RSV, using the high-throughput sequencing technology. From infected O. sativa and N. benthamiana plants, a total of 341 and 1675 site substitutions were identified in the RSV genome, respectively, and the average substitution ratio in these sites was 1.47 and 7.05 %, respectively, indicating that the RSV populations from infected N. benthamiana plant are more diverse than those from infected O. sativa plant. Our result gives a direct evidence that virus might allow higher genetic diversity for host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, HangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Zefeng Li
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, HangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, HangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, HangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, HangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Longjiang Fan
- Institute of Crop Science and Institute of Bioinformatics, Zhejiang University, HangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Rongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingPeople’s Republic of China
- *Correspondence: Xueping Zhou, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China ; Rongxiang Fang, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, HangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
- *Correspondence: Xueping Zhou, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People’s Republic of China ; Rongxiang Fang, State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of China
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