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Campos C, Coito JL, Cardoso H, Marques da Silva J, Pereira HS, Viegas W, Nogales A. Dynamic Regulation of Grapevine's microRNAs in Response to Mycorrhizal Symbiosis and High Temperature. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:982. [PMID: 36903843 PMCID: PMC10005052 DOI: 10.3390/plants12050982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs that play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses and can regulate plant interactions with beneficial soil microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). To determine if root inoculation with distinct AMF species affected miRNA expression in grapevines subjected to high temperatures, RNA-seq was conducted in leaves of grapevines inoculated with either Rhizoglomus irregulare or Funneliformis mosseae and exposed to a high-temperature treatment (HTT) of 40 °C for 4 h per day for one week. Our results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation resulted in a better plant physiological response to HTT. Amongst the 195 identified miRNAs, 83 were considered isomiRs, suggesting that isomiRs can be biologically functional in plants. The number of differentially expressed miRNAs between temperatures was higher in mycorrhizal (28) than in non-inoculated plants (17). Several miR396 family members, which target homeobox-leucine zipper proteins, were only upregulated by HTT in mycorrhizal plants. Predicted targets of HTT-induced miRNAs in mycorrhizal plants queried to STRING DB formed networks for Cox complex, and growth and stress-related transcription factors such as SQUAMOSA promoter-binding-like-proteins, homeobox-leucine zipper proteins and auxin receptors. A further cluster related to DNA polymerase was found in R. irregulare inoculated plants. The results presented herein provide new insights into miRNA regulation in mycorrhizal grapevines under heat stress and can be the basis for functional studies of plant-AMF-stress interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Campos
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - João Lucas Coito
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélia Cardoso
- MED—Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Jorge Marques da Silva
- Department of Plant Biology/BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena Sofia Pereira
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Wanda Viegas
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Amaia Nogales
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
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Ma C, Wang M, Zhao M, Yu M, Zheng X, Tian Y, Sun Z, Liu X, Wang C. The Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase family performs diverse physiological functions in stress responses in pear ( Pyrus betulifolia). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1066765. [PMID: 36507426 PMCID: PMC9731112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1066765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Δ1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) acts as the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of proline in plants. Although P5CS plays an essential role in plant responses to environmental stresses, its biological functions remain largely unclear in pear (Pyrus betulifolia). In the present study, 11 putative pear P5CSs (PbP5CSs) were identified by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and classified into five subfamilies. Segmental and tandem duplications contributed to the expansion and evolution of the PbP5CS gene family. Various cis-acting elements associated with plant development, hormone responses, and/or stress responses were identified in the promoters of PbP5CS genes. To investigate the regulatory roles of PbP5CS genes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses, gene expression patterns in publicly available data were explored. The tissue-specific expressional dynamics of PbP5CS genes indicate potentially important roles in pear growth and development. Their spatiotemporal expression patterns suggest key functions in multiple environmental stress responses. Transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that most PbP5CS genes exhibited distinct expression patterns in response to drought, waterlogging, salinity-alkalinity, heat, cold, and infection by Alternaria alternate and Gymnosporangium haraeanum. The results provide insight into the versatile functions of the PbP5CS gene family in stress responses. The findings may assist further exploration of the physiological functions of PbP5CS genes for the development and enhancement of stress tolerance in pear and other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Ma
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingrui Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengyuan Yu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Yike Tian
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijuan Sun
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticulture Plants, Qingdao, China
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Nogales A, Ribeiro H, Nogales-Bueno J, Hansen LD, Gonçalves EF, Coito JL, Rato AE, Peixe A, Viegas W, Cardoso H. Response of Mycorrhizal 'Touriga Nacional' Variety Grapevines to High Temperatures Measured by Calorespirometry and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1499. [PMID: 33167584 PMCID: PMC7694551 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heat stress negatively affects several physiological and biochemical processes in grapevine plants. In this work, two new methods, calorespirometry, which has been used to determine temperature adaptation in plants, and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which has been used to determine several grapevine-related traits and to discriminate among varieties, were tested to evaluate grapevine response to high temperatures. 'Touriga Nacional' variety grapevines, inoculated or not with Rhizoglomus irregulare or Funneliformis mosseae, were used in this study. Calorespirometric parameters and NIR spectra, as well as other parameters commonly used to assess heat injury in plants, were measured before and after high temperature exposure. Growth rate and substrate carbon conversion efficiency, calculated from calorespirometric measurements, and stomatal conductance, were the most sensitive parameters for discriminating among high temperature responses of control and inoculated grapevines. The results revealed that, although this vine variety can adapt its physiology to temperatures up to 40 °C, inoculation with R. irregulare could additionally help to sustain its growth, especially after heat shocks. Therefore, the combination of calorespirometry together with gas exchange measurements is a promising strategy for screening grapevine heat tolerance under controlled conditions and has high potential to be implemented in initial phases of plant breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Nogales
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.F.G.); (J.L.C.); (W.V.)
| | - Hugo Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (H.R.); (J.N.-B.); (A.E.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Julio Nogales-Bueno
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (H.R.); (J.N.-B.); (A.E.R.); (A.P.)
- Food Colour and Quality Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Lee D. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;
| | - Elsa F. Gonçalves
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.F.G.); (J.L.C.); (W.V.)
| | - João Lucas Coito
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.F.G.); (J.L.C.); (W.V.)
| | - Ana Elisa Rato
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (H.R.); (J.N.-B.); (A.E.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Augusto Peixe
- Departamento de Fitotecnia, MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal; (H.R.); (J.N.-B.); (A.E.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Wanda Viegas
- LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; (E.F.G.); (J.L.C.); (W.V.)
| | - Hélia Cardoso
- MED-Instituto Mediterrâneo para a Agricultura, Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada, Universidade de Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal;
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Bilska K, Wojciechowska N, Alipour S, Kalemba EM. Ascorbic Acid-The Little-Known Antioxidant in Woody Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E645. [PMID: 31847411 PMCID: PMC6943661 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly produced by metabolically active plant cells. The concentration of ROS may determine their role, e.g., they may participate in signal transduction or cause oxidative damage to various cellular components. To ensure cellular homeostasis and minimize the negative effects of excess ROS, plant cells have evolved a complex antioxidant system, which includes ascorbic acid (AsA). AsA is a multifunctional metabolite with strong reducing properties that allows the neutralization of ROS and the reduction of molecules oxidized by ROS in cooperation with glutathione in the Foyer-Halliwell-Asada cycle. Antioxidant enzymes involved in AsA oxidation and reduction switches evolved uniquely in plants. Most experiments concerning the role of AsA have been performed on herbaceous plants. In addition to extending our understanding of this role in additional taxa, fundamental knowledge of the complex life cycle stages of woody plants, including their development and response to environmental factors, will enhance their breeding and amend their protection. Thus, the role of AsA in woody plants compared to that in nonwoody plants is the focus of this paper. The role of AsA in woody plants has been studied for nearly 20 years. Studies have demonstrated that AsA is important for the growth and development of woody plants. Substantial changes in AsA levels, as well as reduction and oxidation switches, have been reported in various physiological processes and transitions described mainly in leaves, fruits, buds, and seeds. Evidently, AsA exhibits a dual role in the photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus in woody plants, which are the most important scavengers of ozone. AsA is associated with proper seed production and, thus, woody plant reproduction. Similarly, an important function of AsA is described under drought, salinity, temperature, light stress, and biotic stress. This report emphasizes the involvement of AsA in the ecological advantages, such as nutrition recycling due to leaf senescence, of trees and shrubs compared to nonwoody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Bilska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland; (K.B.); (N.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Natalia Wojciechowska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland; (K.B.); (N.W.); (S.A.)
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Shirin Alipour
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland; (K.B.); (N.W.); (S.A.)
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ewa Marzena Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland; (K.B.); (N.W.); (S.A.)
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Selection and validation of suitable reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in pear leaf tissues under distinct training systems. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202472. [PMID: 30138340 PMCID: PMC6107188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Training systems generally alter tree architecture, which modulates light microclimate within the canopy, for the purpose of improving photosynthetic efficiency and fruit quality. Gene expression quantification is one of the most important methods for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of training systems on pear photosynthesis, and suitable reference genes for gene expression normalization are a prerequisite for this method. In this study, the expression stability of nine common and four novel candidate genes were evaluated in 14 different pear leaf samples in two training systems, including those at four developmental stages (training_period) and from different parts of the trees (training_space), using two distinct algorithms, geNorm and NormFinder. Our results revealed that SKD1 (Suppressor of K+Transport Growth Defect1)/ YLS8 (Yellow Leaf Specific 8) and ARM (Armadillo) were the most stable single reference genes for the ‘training_period’ and ‘training_space’ subsets, respectively, although these single genes were not as stable as the optimal pairs of reference genes, SKD1+YLS8 and ARM+YLS8, respectively. Furthermore, the expression levels of the PpsAPX (Ascorbate peroxidase) gene showed that the arbitrary use of reference genes without previous testing could lead to misinterpretation of data. This work constitutes the first systematic analysis regarding the selection of superior reference genes in training system studies, facilitating the elucidation of gene function in pear and providing valuable information for similar studies in other higher plants.
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Lu T, Shi JW, Sun ZP, Qi MF, Liu YF, Li TL. Response of linear and cyclic electron flux to moderate high temperature and high light stress in tomato. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2018; 18:635-648. [PMID: 28681588 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible photoprotection mechanisms of cyclic and linear electron flux (CEF and LEF) under specific high temperature and high light (HH) stress. METHODS Six-leaf-stage tomato seedlings ("Liaoyuanduoli", n=160) were divided into four parts: Part 1, served as control under 25 °C, 500 µmol/(m2·s); Part 2, spayed with distilled water (H2O) under 35 °C, 1000 µmol/(m2·s) (HH); Part 3, spayed with 100 µmol/L diuron (DCMU, CEF inhibitor) under HH; Part 4, spayed with 60 µmol/L methyl viologen (MV, LEF inhibitor) under HH. Energy conversion, photosystem I (PSI), and PSII activity, and trans-thylakoid membrane proton motive force were monitored during the treatment of 5 d and of the recovering 10 d. RESULTS HH decreased photochemical reaction dissipation (P) and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and increased the excitation energy distribution coefficient of PSII (β); DCMU and MV aggravated the partition imbalance of the excitation energy (γ) and the photoinhibition degree. With prolonged DCMU treatment time, electron transport rate and quantum efficiency of PSI (ETRI and YI) significantly decreased whereas acceptor and donor side limitation of PSI (YNA and YND) increased. MV led to a significant decline and accession of yield of regulated and non-regulated energy YNPQ and YNO, respectively. Membrane integrity and ATPase activity were reduced by HH stress, and DCMU and MV enhanced inhibitory actions. CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of CEF and LEF were mediated to a certain degree by meliorations in energy absorption and distribution as well as by maintenance of thylakoid membrane integrity and ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jie-Wei Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zhou-Ping Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ming-Fang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Tian-Lai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China.,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110866, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang 110866, China
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Diao QN, Song YJ, Shi DM, Qi HY. Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016. [PMID: 27921397 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b160010200425-010-1130-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) and nitric oxide (NO) are vital signals in modulating plant response to abiotic stress. However, to our knowledge, studies on the relationship between NO and PAs in response to cold stress in tomato are limited. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) on NO generation and the function of Spd-induced NO in the tolerance of tomato seedling under chilling stress. Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings, whereas Put had no such effect. Moreover, H2O2 might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production. Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage. Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves. However, a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress. The results showed that NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato's response to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Nan Diao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yong-Jun Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Dong-Mei Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hong-Yan Qi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surround Bohai Gulf Region, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Ministry of Education and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Diao QN, Song YJ, Shi DM, Qi HY. Nitric oxide induced by polyamines involves antioxidant systems against chilling stress in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) seedling. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 17:916-930. [PMID: 27921397 PMCID: PMC5172597 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) and nitric oxide (NO) are vital signals in modulating plant response to abiotic stress. However, to our knowledge, studies on the relationship between NO and PAs in response to cold stress in tomato are limited. Accordingly, in this study, we investigated the effects of putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) on NO generation and the function of Spd-induced NO in the tolerance of tomato seedling under chilling stress. Spd increased NO release via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like and nitrate reductase (NR) enzymatic pathways in the seedlings, whereas Put had no such effect. Moreover, H2O2 might act as an upstream signal to stimulate NO production. Both exogenous NO donor (sodium nitroprusside (SNP)) and Spd enhanced chilling tolerance in tomato, thereby protecting the photosynthetic system from damage. Compared to chilling treatment alone, Spd enhanced the gene expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and their enzyme activities in tomato leaves. However, a scavenger or inhibitor of NO abolished Spd-induced chilling tolerance and blocked the increased expression and activity due to Spd of these antioxidant enzymes in tomato leaves under chilling stress. The results showed that NO induced by Spd plays a crucial role in tomato's response to chilling stress.
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Hu H, Xu Y, Lu HP, Xiao R, Zheng XD, Yu T. Evaluation of yeasts from Tibetan fermented products as agents for biocontrol of blue mold of Nashi pear fruits. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:275-85. [PMID: 25845361 PMCID: PMC4399428 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A total of 20 strains of yeast isolated from Tibetan fermented products were screened for antagonism against blue mold of pear caused by Penicillium expansum. Six isolates that inhibited incidence of postharvest decay by 35% or more were selected for further screening. Among them, the most effective was Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. The results showed that washed cell suspensions of R. mucilaginosa yielded better antagonistic efficacy than unwashed cell-culture mixtures, cell-free culture filtrates, and autoclaved cell cultures. Biocontrol activity improved with increasing concentrations of incubated cells. The best concentration was 1×10(8) cells/ml, at which the incidence of decay was only 16.7% after 6 d of incubation. The germination of conidia of P. expansum in vitro was significantly inhibited by both washed cell-suspensions and unwashed cell-culture mixtures. Rapid colonization by yeast at different concentrations showed a relationship between yeast-cell concentration and biocontrol activity. Although the titratable acidity of pear fruits increased after treatment, R. mucilaginosa did not affect the total soluble solids or ascorbic acid content. This is the first study to report that the yeast R. mucilaginosa from Tibet Autonomous Region of China may have potential as an antagonist to control the postharvest decay of pear fruits.
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