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Shi X, Zhang K, Qi Q, Zhou W, Yu F, Zhang Y. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:734. [PMID: 38874773 PMCID: PMC11178641 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis, a prevalent chronic liver disease, is characterized by liver fibrosis as its central pathological process. Recent advancements highlight the clinical efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) therapy in the treatment of liver cirrhosis. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the pharmacodynamic effects of UC-MSCs and MSC conditional medium (MSC-CM) in vivo, utilizing a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrotic rat model. Concurrently, we assessed the in vitro impact of MSCs and MSC-CM on various cellular process of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), including proliferation, apoptosis, activation, immunomodulatory capabilities, and inflammatory factor secretion. Our results indicate that both MSCs and MSC-CM significantly ameliorate the pathological extent of fibrosis in animal tissues, reducing the collagen content, serum biochemical indices and fibrosis biomarkers. In vitro, MSC-CM significantly inhibited the activation of the HSC line LX-2. Notably, MSC-CM modulated the expression of type I procollagen and TGFβ-1 while increasing MMP1 expression. This modulation restored the MMP1/TIMP1 ratio imbalance and extracellular matrix deposition in TGFβ-1 induced fibrosis. Both MSCs and MSC-CM not only induced apoptosis in HSCs but also suppressed proliferation and inflammatory cytokine release from activated HSCs. Furthermore, MSCs and MSC-CM exerted a suppressive effect on total lymphocyte activation. CONCLUSIONS UC-MSCs and MSC-CM primarily modulate liver fibrosis severity by regulating HSC activation. This study provides both in vivo and in vitro pharmacodynamic evidence supporting the use of MSCs in liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shi
- State Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering Products, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
- VCANBIO Cell & Gene Engineering Corp., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering Products, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
- VCANBIO Cell & Gene Engineering Corp., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Qi
- State Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering Products, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
- VCANBIO Cell & Gene Engineering Corp., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Wangyi Zhou
- State Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering Products, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
- VCANBIO Cell & Gene Engineering Corp., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengshi Yu
- State Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering Products, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China
- VCANBIO Cell & Gene Engineering Corp., Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Industrial Base for Stem Cell Engineering Products, Tianjin, 300384, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin, China.
- VCANBIO Cell & Gene Engineering Corp., Ltd, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Blood Cell Therapy Technology, Tianjin, China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin, China.
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2
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Liam-Or R, Faruqu FN, Walters A, Han S, Xu L, Wang JTW, Oberlaender J, Sanchez-Fueyo A, Lombardi G, Dazzi F, Mailaender V, Al-Jamal KT. Cellular uptake and in vivo distribution of mesenchymal-stem-cell-derived extracellular vesicles are protein corona dependent. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:846-855. [PMID: 38366223 PMCID: PMC11186763 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01585-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells are promising nanotherapeutics in liver diseases due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, a concern has been raised regarding the rapid clearance of exogenous EVs by phagocytic cells. Here we explore the impact of protein corona on EVs derived from two culturing conditions in which specific proteins acquired from media were simultaneously adsorbed on the EV surface. Additionally, by incubating EVs with serum, simulating protein corona formation upon systemic delivery, further resolved protein corona-EV complex patterns were investigated. Our findings reveal the potential influences of corona composition on EVs under in vitro conditions and their in vivo kinetics. Our data suggest that bound albumin creates an EV signature that can retarget EVs from hepatic macrophages. This results in markedly improved cellular uptake by hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells. This phenomenon can be applied as a camouflage strategy by precoating EVs with albumin to fabricate the albumin-enriched protein corona-EV complex, enhancing non-phagocytic uptake in the liver. This work addresses a critical challenge facing intravenously administered EVs for liver therapy by tailoring the protein corona-EV complex for liver cell targeting and immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revadee Liam-Or
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Farid N Faruqu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adam Walters
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shunping Han
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lizhou Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Tzu-Wen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Oberlaender
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alberto Sanchez-Fueyo
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London University and King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Volker Mailaender
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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Wang Z, Yao L, Hu X, Yuan M, Chen P, Liu P, Zhang Q, Xiong Z, Dai K, Jiang Y. Advancements in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for liver cirrhosis: Unveiling origins, treatment mechanisms, and current research frontiers. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102198. [PMID: 37604091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease inevitably progresses to liver cirrhosis, significantly compromising patients' overall survival and quality of life. However, a glimmer of hope emerges with the emergence of mesenchymal stem cells, possessing remarkable abilities for self-renewal, differentiation, and immunomodulation. Leveraging their potential, MSCs have become a focal point in both basic and clinical trials, offering a promising therapeutic avenue to impede fibrosis progression and enhance the life expectancy of individuals battling hepatic cirrhosis. This comprehensive review serves to shed light on the origin of MSCs, the intricate mechanisms underlying cirrhosis treatment, and the cutting-edge advancements in basic and clinical research surrounding MSC-based therapies for liver cirrhosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichao Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Pingji Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Dai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Cui E, Lv L, Chen W, Chen N, Pan R. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell-based cell-free therapy for the treatment of acute lung injury. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1241-1248. [PMID: 37668145 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe medical condition that causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the lung, resulting in respiratory distress. Moreover, ALI often occurs as a complication of other medical conditions or injuries, including the coronavirus disease of 2019. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are being studied extensively for their therapeutic potential in various diseases, including ALI. The results of recent studies suggest that the beneficial effects of MSCs may not be primarily due to the replacement of damaged cells but rather the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and other soluble factors through a paracrine mechanism. Furthermore, EVs derived from MSCs preserve the therapeutic action of the parent MSCs and this approach avoids the safety issues associated with live cell therapy. Thus, MSC-based cell-free therapy may be the focus of future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enhai Cui
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Huzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Ruolang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Cell-Based Drug and Applied Technology Development in Zhejiang Province, Institute for Cell-Based Drug Development of Zhejiang Province, S-Evans Biosciences, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Abou Rayia DM, Ashour DS, Abo Safia HS, Abdel Ghafar MT, Amer RS, Saad AE. Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells as a potential therapy for schistosomal hepatic fibrosis: an experimental study. Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:190-202. [PMID: 35435145 PMCID: PMC9970248 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2064795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of our study was to assess the effect of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation on schistosomal hepatic fibrosis in mice. The study animals were divided into three groups. Group I is a control group, where the mice were infected with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae and remained untreated. The mice of the other two groups were infected and treated with either praziquantel (Group II) or HUCB-MSCs (Group III). Liver function tests, as well as histopathological evaluation of liver fibrosis using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stains, were performed. Additionally, an immunohistochemical study was carried out using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hepatic stellate cells. Compared to the control group, the treated (praziquantel and MSCs) groups showed a substantial improvement, with a significant difference regarding the histopathological evaluation of liver fibrosis in the MSCs-treated group. In conclusion, MSCs could be a promising and efficient cell therapy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M Abou Rayia
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dalia S Ashour
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hend S Abo Safia
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Rania S Amer
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer E Saad
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.,Medical Parasitology Sub-unit, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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Zahmatkesh E, Khoshdel Rad N, Hossein-Khannazer N, Mohamadnejad M, Gramignoli R, Najimi M, Malekzadeh R, Hassan M, Vosough M. Cell and cell-derivative-based therapy for liver diseases: current approaches and future promises. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:237-249. [PMID: 36692130 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2023.2172398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to the recent updates from World Health Organization, liver diseases are the 12th most common cause of mortality. Currently, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the most effective and the only treatment for end-stage liver diseases. Owing to several shortcomings like finite numbers of healthy organ donors, lifelong immunosuppression, and complexity of the procedure, cell and cell-derivatives therapies have emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative for liver diseases. Various cell types and therapies have been proposed and their therapeutic effects evaluated in preclinical or clinical studies, including hepatocytes, hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from stem cells, human liver stem cells (HLSCs), combination therapies with various types of cells, organoids, and implantable cell-biomaterial constructs with synthetic and natural polymers or even decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM). AREAS COVERED In this review, we highlighted the current status of cell and cell-derivative-based therapies for liver diseases. Furthermore, we discussed future prospects of using HLCs, liver organoids, and their combination therapies. EXPERT OPINION Promising application of stem cell-based techniques including iPSC technology has been integrated into novel techniques such as gene editing, directed differentiation, and organoid technology. iPSCs offer promising prospects to represent novel therapeutic strategies and modeling liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Zahmatkesh
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohamadnejad
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roberto Gramignoli
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Abdelgwad M, Ewaiss M, Sabry D, Khalifa WA, Altaib ZM, Alhelf M. Comparative study on effect of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells on treatment of experimental CCL4-induced liver fibrosis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1071-1080. [PMID: 32374186 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1752256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We speculated impacts of BM-MSCs and UC-EPCs on reversal of hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Fifty adult rats were divided into five groups: control group, CCl4A group, CCl4B group, CCl4/BM-MSCs group and CCl4/UC-EPCs group. Blood samples were driven to measure concentration of albumin and ALT. Quantitative expression of HGF, TGF-β, MMP-2, and VEGF were assessed by PCR. Histological and immunohistochemistry examination of the liver tissue were performed. RESULTS There was elevating albumin (p < .05) and reducing ALT (p < .05) concentrations in groups treated with BM-MSCs and UC-EPCs compared to untreated CCL4A&B groups. UC-EPCs treated group have significantly higher MMP-2 and VEGF (p < .01) genes expression than BM-MSCs treated group. Furthermore, UC-EPCs were more valuable than BMMSCs in increasing gene expression of HGF (p < .05) and immunohistochemistry of α-SMA and Ki-67 (p < .01). BM-MSCs have significantly lower TGF-β (p < .00) compared to UC-EPCs. CONCLUSION This study highlighted on liver regeneration role of both UC-EPCs and BM-MSCs in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdelgwad
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manal Ewaiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
- Medical College, Al-Jouf University, Al-Jawf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Warda A Khalifa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Sebha University, Sabha, Libya
| | - Zeinab M Altaib
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Helwan Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Alhelf
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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ECM1 modified HF-MSCs targeting HSC attenuate liver cirrhosis by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:51. [PMID: 35136027 PMCID: PMC8827057 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HF-MSCs) show considerable therapeutic potential for liver cirrhosis (LC). To improve the effectiveness of naïve HF-MSC treatments on LC, we used bioinformatic tools to identify an exogenous gene targeting HSCs among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LC to modify HF-MSCs. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) was identified as a DEG that was significantly downregulated in the cirrhotic liver. Then, ECM1-overexpressing HF-MSCs (ECM1-HF-MSCs) were transplanted into mice with LC to explore the effectiveness and correlated mechanism of gene-overexpressing HF-MSCs on LC. The results showed that ECM1-HF-MSCs significantly improved liver function and liver pathological injury in LC after cell therapy relative to the other treatment groups. Moreover, we found that ECM1-HF-MSCs homed to the injured liver and expressed the hepatocyte-specific surface markers ALB, CK18, and AFP. In addition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation was significantly inhibited in the cell treatment groups in vivo and in vitro, especially in the ECM1-HF-MSC group. Additionally, TGF-β/Smad signal inhibition was the most significant in the ECM1-HF-MSC group in vivo and in vitro. The findings indicate that the genetic modification of HF-MSCs with bioinformatic tools may provide a broad perspective for precision treatment of LC.
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Miceli V, Bulati M, Iannolo G, Zito G, Gallo A, Conaldi PG. Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: The Need of Cell Priming for Cell-Free Therapies in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020763. [PMID: 33466583 PMCID: PMC7828743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells that support homeostasis during tissue regeneration. In the last decade, cell therapies based on the use of MSCs have emerged as a promising strategy in the field of regenerative medicine. Although these cells possess robust therapeutic properties that can be applied in the treatment of different diseases, variables in preclinical and clinical trials lead to inconsistent outcomes. MSC therapeutic effects result from the secretion of bioactive molecules affected by either local microenvironment or MSC culture conditions. Hence, MSC paracrine action is currently being explored in several clinical settings either using a conditioned medium (CM) or MSC-derived exosomes (EXOs), where these products modulate tissue responses in different types of injuries. In this scenario, MSC paracrine mechanisms provide a promising framework for enhancing MSC therapeutic benefits, where the composition of secretome can be modulated by priming of the MSCs. In this review, we examine the literature on the priming of MSCs as a tool to enhance their therapeutic properties applicable to the main processes involved in tissue regeneration, including the reduction of fibrosis, the immunomodulation, the stimulation of angiogenesis, and the stimulation of resident progenitor cells, thereby providing new insights for the therapeutic use of MSCs-derived products.
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Ma ZJ, Yang JJ, Lu YB, Liu ZY, Wang XX. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: Toward cell-free therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:814-840. [PMID: 32952861 PMCID: PMC7477653 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells with marked potential for regenerative medicine because of their strong immunosuppressive and regenerative abilities. The therapeutic effects of MSCs are based in part on their secretion of biologically active factors in extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes have a diameter of 30-100 nm and mediate intercellular communication and material exchange. MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have potential for cell-free therapy for diseases of, for instance, the kidney, liver, heart, nervous system, and musculoskeletal system. Hence, MSC-Exos are an alternative to MSC-based therapy for regenerative medicine. We review MSC-Exos and their therapeutic potential for a variety of diseases and injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Jun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yu-Bao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030600, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xue-Xi Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
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Saleh M, Taher M, Sohrabpour AA, Vaezi AA, Nasiri Toosi M, Kavianpour M, Ghazvinian Z, Abdolahi S, Verdi J. Perspective of placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:71. [PMID: 32483484 PMCID: PMC7245988 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00433-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute Liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease and is determined by coagulopathy (with INR ≥ 1.5) and hepatic encephalopathy as a result of severe liver injury in patients without preexisting liver disease. Since there are problems with liver transplantation including lack of donors, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and high costs of this process, new therapeutic approaches alongside current treatments are needed. The placenta is a tissue that is normally discarded after childbirth. On the other hand, human placenta is a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which is easily available, without moral problems, and its derived cells are less affected by age and environmental factors. Therefore, placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) can be considered as an allogeneic source for liver disease. Considering the studies on MSCs and their effects on various diseases, it can be stated that MSCs are among the most important agents to be used for novel future therapies of liver diseases. In this paper, we will investigate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells through migration and immigration to the site of injury, cell-to-cell contact, immunomodulatory effects, and secretory factors in ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Saleh
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taher
- 2Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Imam Hospital Complex, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Sohrabpour
- 3Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Vaezi
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nasiri Toosi
- 5Internal Medicine, School of Medicine Liver Transplantation Research Center Imam, Khomeini Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Kavianpour
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ghazvinian
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Abdolahi
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Verdi
- 1Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Stem and Progenitor Cells in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Digestive Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1201:125-157. [PMID: 31898785 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of chronic degenerative diseases expands rapidly. The pathogenesis of these noncommunicable disorders revolves around innate immunity, microbiome, and stem cell alterations. Understanding the mechanisms behind stem cell biology and their regulatory pathways is a key to understanding the origin of human disease. Stem cells are involved in tissue and organ damage and regeneration. The evidence is mounting that not only eukaryotic cells but also gut microbiota may release extracellular microvesicles that are absorbed from the gut into the portal and systemic circulation. Linking the fields of stem cells, innate immunity and microbiome research opens up new avenues to develop novel diagnostic (e.g., biomarkers), therapeutic (e.g., microbiome modulation, stem cell-based medicines), and prognostic (personalized diets) tools. In this chapter, we present the short overview of various stem and progenitor cells of adult tissues circulating in peripheral blood and their role in the pathogenesis and treatment of digestive diseases. We also briefly discuss the role of host-stem cell-microbial interactions as a new frontier of research in gastroenterology.
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Sabry D, Mohamed A, Monir M, Ibrahim HA. The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived Microvesicles on the Treatment of Experimental CCL4 Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:400-409. [PMID: 31474025 PMCID: PMC6881047 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The release of microvesicles (MVs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been implicated in intercellular communication, and may contribute to beneficial paracrine effects of stem cell-based therapies. We investigated the effect of administration of MSC-MVs on the therapeutic potential of carbon tetrachloride (CCL4) induced liver fibrosis in rats. Methods Our work included: isolation and further identification of bone marrow MSC-MVs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by CCl4 followed by injection of prepared MSC-MVs in injured rats. The effects of MSC-MVs were evaluated by biochemical analysis of liver functions, RNA gene expression quantitation for collagen-1α, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by real time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) techniques. Finally histopathological examination of the liver tissues was assessed for all studied groups. Results BM-MSC-MVs treated group showed significant increase in serum albumin levels, VEGF quantitative gene expression (p<0.05), while it showed a significant decrease in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) enzyme levels, quantitative gene expression of TGF-β, collagen-1α, IL-1β compared to CCL4 fibrotic group (p<0.05). Additionally, the histopathological assessment of the liver tissues of BM-MSC-MVs treated group showed marked decrease in the collagen deposition & improvement of histopathological picture in comparison with CCL4 fibrotic group. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that BM-MSC-MVs possess anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic properties which can promote the resolution of CCL4 induced liver fibrosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Sabry
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abbas Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Manar Monir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba A Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Autologous stem cell transplantation for patients with viral hepatitis-induced liver cirrhosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 31:1283-1291. [PMID: 31206409 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, stem cells have been used in the treatment of viral hepatitis-induced liver cirrhosis (LC), and stem cell therapy is showing potential therapeutic effects on liver function improvement. The consensus on effects and safety of stem cell therapy has not been reached, thus it is essential for us to conduct a systematic review and meat-analysis to investigate the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy for viral hepatitis-induced LC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline, Embase, SinoMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched with appropriate keywords through 5 August 2018. We included eight trials involving 467 patients. The pooled weight mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a fixed or random effects model. Quality assessment and publication bias were also performed. The selected studies were considered for meta-analysis using RevMan V5.3. RESULTS Compared with traditional therapy group, autologous stem cell transplantation increased the level of albumin (WMD: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.05-3.90, P < 0.001), but decreased the level of total bilirubin (WMD: -2.26, 95% CI: -3.61 to -0.90, P = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (WMD: -9.16, 95% CI: -16.47 to -1.85, P = 0.01) and prothrombin time (WMD: -3.02, 95% CI: -4.83 to -1.22, P = 0.001). Clinical symptoms such as edema, fatigue, anorexia and abdominal distention were alleviated. Model for End-Stage Liver Disease and Child-Pugh scores were decreased after stem cell therapy. Whereas, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding aspartate aminotransferase, prothrombin time activity, ascites and pleural fluid. No procedure-related complications were found. CONCLUSION Autologous stem cell transplantation might have beneficial effects on patients with viral hepatitis-induced LC and is relatively safe for these patients. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed.
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15
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You Y, Wen DG, Gong JP, Liu ZJ. Research Status of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1490-1506. [PMID: 31512503 PMCID: PMC6923564 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719874786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation has been deemed the best choice for end-stage liver disease
patients but immune rejection after surgery is still a serious problem. Patients have to
take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time after liver transplantation, and this often
leads to many side effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) gradually became of interest to
researchers because of their powerful immunomodulatory effects. In the past, a large
number of in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the great potential of MSCs for
participation in posttransplant immunomodulation. In addition, MSCs also have properties
that may potentially benefit patients undergoing liver transplantation. This article aims
to provide an overview of the current understanding of the immunomodulation achieved by
the application of MSCs in liver transplantation, to discuss the problems that may be
encountered when using MSCs in clinical practice, and to describe some of the underlying
capabilities of MSCs in liver transplantation. Cell–cell contact, soluble molecules, and
exosomes have been suggested to be critical approaches to MSCs’ immunoregulation in vitro;
however, the exact mechanism, especially in vivo, is still unclear. In recent years, the
clinical safety of MSCs has been proven by a series of clinical trials. The obstacles to
the clinical application of MSCs are decreasing, but large sample clinical trials
involving MSCs are still needed to further study their clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu You
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Yu You and Di-guang Wen are equal contributors and co-first authors of this article
| | - Di-Guang Wen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.,Yu You and Di-guang Wen are equal contributors and co-first authors of this article
| | - Jian-Ping Gong
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Zuo-Jin Liu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
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16
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Yin F, Wang WY, Jiang WH. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo: From biological characteristics to therapeutic mechanisms. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:548-564. [PMID: 31523373 PMCID: PMC6716089 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i8.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to chronic injuries, characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix or scar tissue within the liver; in addition, its formation is associated with multiple cytokines as well as several cell types and a variety of signaling pathways. When liver fibrosis is not well controlled, it can progress to liver cirrhosis, but it is reversible in principle. Thus far, no efficient therapy is available for treatment of liver fibrosis. Although liver transplantation is the preferred strategy, there are many challenges remaining in this approach, such as shortage of donor organs, immunological rejection, and surgical complications. Hence, there is a great need for an alternative therapeutic strategy. Currently, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis; advantageously, the characteristics of MSCs are continuous self-renewal, proliferation, multipotent differentiation, and immunomodulatory activities. The human umbilical cord-derived (hUC)-MSCs possess not only the common attributes of MSCs but also more stable biological characteristics, relatively easy accessibility, abundant source, and no ethical issues (e.g., bone marrow being the adult source), making hUC-MSCs a good choice for treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics of hUC-MSCs and their paracrine effects, exerted by secretion of various cytokines, which ultimately promote liver repair through several signaling pathways. Additionally, we discuss the capacity of hUC-MSCs to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells for compensating the function of existing hepatocytes, which may aid in amelioration of liver fibrosis. Finally, we discuss the current status of the research field and its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Ying Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wen-Hua Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Kong LZ, Chandimali N, Han YH, Lee DH, Kim JS, Kim SU, Kim TD, Jeong DK, Sun HN, Lee DS, Kwon T. Pathogenesis, Early Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112712. [PMID: 31159489 PMCID: PMC6600448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to the damages to the liver and its functions due to alcohol overconsumption. It consists of fatty liver/steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, steatohepatitis, chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease are extremely complicated due to the involvement of immune cells, adipose tissues, and genetic diversity. Clinically, the diagnosis of ALD is not yet well developed. Therefore, the number of patients in advanced stages has increased due to the failure of proper early detection and treatment. At present, abstinence and nutritional therapy remain the conventional therapeutic interventions for ALD. Moreover, the therapies which target the TNF receptor superfamily, hormones, antioxidant signals, and MicroRNAs are used as treatments for ALD. In particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are gaining attention as a potential therapeutic target of ALD. Therefore, in this review, we have summarized the current understandings of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of ALD. Moreover, we also discuss the various existing treatment strategies while focusing on promising therapeutic approaches for ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Zu Kong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
| | - Dong-Ho Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Korea.
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Korea.
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28116, Korea.
| | - Tae-Don Kim
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- Department of Disease Model Animal Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China.
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Dong Sun Lee
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup-si, Jeonbuk 56216, Korea.
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18
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Guo Y, Zhang Z, Xu X, Xu Z, Wang S, Huang D, Li Y, Mou X, Liu F, Xiang C. Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells as Delivery Vehicles for Oncolytic Adenovirus Virotherapy for Colorectal Cancer. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:882-896. [PMID: 30991894 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (Ads) have potential applications in cancer therapy due to their ability to replicate and induce tumor cell death. However, their clinical application has been limited by the lack of efficient cell-based delivery systems that can provide protection from immune attack and prevent virus clearance by neutralizing antibodies. We previously demonstrated that menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) can specifically target tumor cells and serve as a novel drug delivery platform. We engineered CRAd5/F11 chimeric oncolytic Ads that can infect MenSCs and preserve their tumor targeting ability in vitro. MenSCs loaded with these Ads were transplanted in a mouse tumor model. We found that a large number of the CRAd5/F11 viruses were accumulated in tumor site and mediated marked inhibitory effects against colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, we concluded that MenSC-cloaked oncolytic Ads hold great potential as a novel virus-delivery platform for the therapy of various cancers, including CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- 2 Zhejiang Hospital and Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Geriatrics, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shibing Wang
- 3 Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,4 Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- 3 Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,4 Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Li
- 5 Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- 3 Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,4 Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanlong Liu
- 6 Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Charlie Xiang
- 1 State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,5 Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Jargin SV. Scientific Papers and Patents on Substances with Unproven Effects. Part 2. RECENT PATENTS ON DRUG DELIVERY & FORMULATION 2019; 13:160-173. [PMID: 31424374 PMCID: PMC7011683 DOI: 10.2174/1872211313666190819124752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Several examples are discussed in this review, where substances without proven effects were proposed for practical use within the scope of evidence-based medicines. The following is discussed here: generalizations of the hormesis concept and its use in support of homeopathy; phytoestrogens and soy products potentially having feminizing effects; glycosaminoglycans for the treatment of osteoarthritis and possibilities of their replacement by diet modifications; flavonoids recommended for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency and varicose veins; acetylcysteine as a mucolytic agent and its questionable efficiency especially by an oral intake; stem cells and cell therapies. In conclusion, placebo therapies can be beneficial and ethically justifiable but it is not a sufficient reason to publish biased information. Importantly, placebo must be devoid of adverse effects, otherwise, it is named pseudo-placebo. Therapeutic methods with unproven effects should be tested in high-quality research shielded from the funding bias. Some issues discussed in this review are not entirely clear, and the arguments provided here can initiate a constructive discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V. Jargin
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Clementovski per 6-82, Moscow115184, Russia
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20
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Current Perspectives Regarding Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Liver Cirrhosis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2018:4197857. [PMID: 29670867 PMCID: PMC5833156 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4197857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a major cause of mortality and a common end of various progressive liver diseases. Since the effective treatment is currently limited to liver transplantation, stem cell-based therapy as an alternative has attracted interest due to promising results from preclinical and clinical studies. However, there is still much to be understood regarding the precise mechanisms of action. A number of stem cells from different origins have been employed for hepatic regeneration with different degrees of success. The present review presents a synopsis of stem cell research for the treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis according to the stem cell type. Clinical trials to date are summarized briefly. Finally, issues to be resolved and future perspectives are discussed with regard to clinical applications.
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21
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Arango JC, Puerta-Arias JD, Pino-Tamayo PA, Salazar-Peláez LM, Rojas M, González Á. Impaired anti-fibrotic effect of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell in a mouse model of pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006006. [PMID: 29040281 PMCID: PMC5659794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) have been consider as a promising therapy in fibrotic diseases. Experimental models suggest that BMMSCs may be used as an alternative therapy to treat chemical- or physical-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We investigated the anti-fibrotic potential of BMMSCs in an experimental model of lung fibrosis by infection with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. BMMSCs were isolated and purified from BALB/c mice using standardized methods. BALB/c male mice were inoculated by intranasal infection of 1.5x106P. brasiliensis yeasts. Then, 1x106 BMMSCs were administered intra venous at 8th week post-infection (p.i.). An additional group of mice was treated with itraconazole (ITC) two weeks before BMMSCs administration. Animals were sacrificed at 12th week p.i. Histopathological examination, fibrocytes counts, soluble collagen and fibrosis-related genes expression in lungs were evaluated. Additionally, human fibroblasts were treated with homogenized lung supernatants (HLS) to determine induction of collagen expression. Histological analysis showed an increase of granulomatous inflammatory areas in BMMSCs-treated mice. A significant increase of fibrocytes count, soluble collagen and collagen-3α1, TGF-β3, MMP-8 and MMP-15 genes expression were also observed in those mice. Interestingly, when combined therapy BMMSCs/ITC was used there is a decrease of TIMP-1 and MMP-13 gene expression in infected mice. Finally, human fibroblasts stimulated with HLS from infected and BMMSCs-transplanted mice showed a higher expression of collagen I. In conclusion, our findings indicate that late infusion of BMMSCs into mice infected with P. brasiliensis does not have any anti-fibrotic effect; possibly because their interaction with the fungus promotes collagen expression and tissue remodeling. This is the first study that evaluates the effect of BMMSCs therapy for lung fibrosis induced by the fungal pathogen Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis, one of the most important systemic endemic mycosis diagnosed in South America and Central America. Our findings showed an impaired anti-fibrotic effect of BMMSCs transplantation. This effect could be triggered by either the chronic inflammatory microenvironment induced by P. brasiliensis or by a direct interaction between BMMSCs and the fungus, resulting in an exacerbation of the pulmonary fibrosis. In fact, the pro-fibrotic effect exerted by BMMSCs was toned-down by the usage of the antifungal ITC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Camilo Arango
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB)–Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan David Puerta-Arias
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB)–Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Paula Andrea Pino-Tamayo
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Group, Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB)–Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, Unites States of America
| | | | - Mauricio Rojas
- Dorothy P. & Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Unites States of America
| | - Ángel González
- School of Microbiology, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Basic and Applied Microbiology Research Group (MICROBA), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Milosavljevic N, Gazdic M, Simovic Markovic B, Arsenijevic A, Nurkovic J, Dolicanin Z, Jovicic N, Jeftic I, Djonov V, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Volarevic V. Mesenchymal stem cells attenuate liver fibrosis by suppressing Th17 cells - an experimental study. Transpl Int 2017; 31:102-115. [PMID: 28805262 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated modulation of IL-17 signaling during liver fibrosis. Mice received CCl4 (1 μl/g intraperitoneally) twice/week for 1 month. MSCs (1 × 106 ), or MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM), were intravenously injected 24 h after CCl4 and on every 7th day. Liver fibrosis was determined by macroscopic examination, histological analysis, Sirius red staining, and RT-PCR. Serum levels of cytokines, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), and kynurenine were determined by ELISA. Flow cytometry was performed to identify liver-infiltrated cells. In vitro, CD4+ T cells were stimulated and cultured with MSCs. 1-methyltryptophan was used for inhibition of IDO. MSCs significantly attenuated CCl4 -induced liver fibrosis by decreasing serum levels of inflammatory IL-17, increasing immunosuppressive IL-10, IDO, and kynurenine, reducing number of IL-17 producing Th17 cells, and increasing percentage of CD4+ IL-10+ T cells. Injection of MSC-CM resulted with attenuated fibrosis accompanied with the reduced number of Th17 cells in the liver and decreased serum levels of IL-17. MSC-CM promoted expansion of CD4+ FoxP3+ IL-10+ T regulatory cells and suppressed proliferation of Th17 cells. This phenomenon was completely abrogated in the presence of IDO inhibitor. MSCs, in IDO-dependent manner, suppress liver Th17 cells which lead to the attenuation of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Milosavljevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marina Gazdic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Simovic Markovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jasmin Nurkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Zana Dolicanin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ilija Jeftic
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladislav Volarevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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23
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Kucerova L, Durinikova E, Toro L, Cihova M, Miklikova S, Poturnajova M, Kozovska Z, Matuskova M. Targeted antitumor therapy mediated by prodrug-activating mesenchymal stromal cells. Cancer Lett 2017; 408:1-9. [PMID: 28838843 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were introduced as tumor-targeted vehicles suitable for delivery of the gene-directed enzyme/prodrug therapy more than 10 years ago. Over these years key properties of tumor cells and MSCs, which are crucial for the treatment efficiency, were examined; and there are some critical issues to be considered for the maximum antitumor effect. Moreover, engineered MSCs expressing enzymes capable of activating non-toxic prodrugs achieved long-term curative effect even in metastatic and hard-to-treat tumor types in pre-clinical scenario(s). These gene-modified MSCs are termed prodrug-activating MSCs throughout the text and represent promising approach for further clinical application. This review summarizes major determinants to be considered for the application of the prodrug-activating MSCs in antitumor therapy in order to maximize therapeutic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Kucerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Erika Durinikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Toro
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marina Cihova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Svetlana Miklikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martina Poturnajova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kozovska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Wang Q, Xiao DD, Yan H, Zhao Y, Fu S, Zhou J, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Zhang M, Lu MJ. The morphological regeneration and functional restoration of bladder defects by a novel scaffold and adipose-derived stem cells in a rat augmentation model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017. [PMID: 28646909 PMCID: PMC5482942 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0597-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the multilineage differentiation ability and paracrine role of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for bladder defect repair, various scaffolds have been applied in combination with ASCs to promote bladder regeneration and restore bladder function. However, the low survival rate of ASCs and the difficulty of promoting bladder functional recovery are still unsolved. To explore these problems, we investigated the feasibility of a novel scaffold seeded with ASCs in a rat model of bladder augmentation. Methods A novel autologous myofibroblast (AM)-silk fibroin (SF) scaffold was harvested after subcutaneously prefabricating the bladder acellular matrix grafts (BAMG) and SF by removing the BAMG. The AM-SF scaffolds were then seeded with ASCs (AM-SF-ASCs). Fifty percent supratrigonal cystectomies were performed followed by augmenting the cystectomized defects with AM-SF scaffolds or AM-SF-ASCs. The histological and functional assessments of bladders were performed 2, 4, and 12 weeks after surgery while the ASCs were tracked in vivo. Results For bladder tissue regeneration, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that AM-SF-ASCs (the experimental group) promoted better morphological regeneration of the urothelium, vessels, bladder smooth muscle, and nerve than AM-SF scaffolds (the control group). Regarding functional restoration, the AM-SF-ASC group exhibited higher bladder compliance and relatively normal micturition pattern compared to the AM-SF group. In addition, a certain number of surviving ASCs could be found in vivo 12 weeks after implantation, and some of them had differentiated into smooth muscle cells. Conclusions The AM-SF scaffolds with ASCs could rapidly promote bladder morphological regeneration and improved bladder urinary function. In addition, the bag-shaped structure of the AM-SF scaffold can improve the survival of ASCs for at least 12 weeks. This strategy of AM-SF-ASCs has a potential to repair large-scale bladder defects in the clinic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Dong Xiao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Fu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mu-Jun Lu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, 200001, People's Republic of China.
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