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Ratajczak MZ, Bujko K, Brzezniakiewicz-Janus K, Ratajczak J, Kucia M. Hematopoiesis Revolves Around the Primordial Evolutional Rhythm of Purinergic Signaling and Innate Immunity - A Journey to the Developmental Roots. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:827-838. [PMID: 38363476 PMCID: PMC10984895 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
A cell's most significant existential task is to survive by ensuring proper metabolism, avoiding harmful stimuli, and adapting to changing environments. It explains why early evolutionary primordial signals and pathways remained active and regulate cell and tissue integrity. This requires energy supply and a balanced redox state. To meet these requirements, the universal intracellular energy transporter purine nucleotide-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) became an important signaling molecule and precursor of purinergic signaling after being released into extracellular space. Similarly, ancient proteins involved in intracellular metabolism gave rise to the third protein component (C3) of the complement cascade (ComC), a soluble arm of innate immunity. These pathways induce cytosol reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that regulate the redox state of the cells. While low levels of ROS and RNS promote cell growth and differentiation, supra-physiological concentrations can lead to cell damage by pyroptosis. This balance explains the impact of purinergic signaling and innate immunity on cell metabolism, organogenesis, and tissue development. Subsequently, along with evolution, new regulatory cues emerge in the form of growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and bioactive lipids. However, their expression is still modulated by both primordial signaling pathways. This review will focus on the data that purinergic signaling and innate immunity carry on their ancient developmental task in hematopoiesis and specification of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Moreover, recent evidence shows both these regulatory pathways operate in a paracrine manner and inside HSPCs at the autocrine level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Hematology, University of Zielona Gora, Multi-Specialist Hospital Gorzow Wlkp., Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland.
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Kamila Bujko
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine at Medical, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, 500 S. Floyd Street, Rm. 107, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Magdalena Kucia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine at Medical, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Pérez-Gutiérrez L, Ferrara N. Biology and therapeutic targeting of vascular endothelial growth factor A. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:816-834. [PMID: 37491579 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels, called angiogenesis, is an essential pathophysiological process in which several families of regulators have been implicated. Among these, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA; also known as VEGF) and its two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, represent a key signalling pathway mediating physiological angiogenesis and are also major therapeutic targets. VEGFA is a member of the gene family that includes VEGFB, VEGFC, VEGFD and placental growth factor (PLGF). Three decades after its initial isolation and cloning, VEGFA is arguably the most extensively investigated signalling system in angiogenesis. Although many mediators of angiogenesis have been identified, including members of the FGF family, angiopoietins, TGFβ and sphingosine 1-phosphate, all current FDA-approved anti-angiogenic drugs target the VEGF pathway. Anti-VEGF agents are widely used in oncology and, in combination with chemotherapy or immunotherapy, are now the standard of care in multiple malignancies. Anti-VEGF drugs have also revolutionized the treatment of neovascular eye disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and ischaemic retinal disorders. In this Review, we emphasize the molecular, structural and cellular basis of VEGFA action as well as recent findings illustrating unexpected interactions with other pathways and provocative reports on the role of VEGFA in regenerative medicine. We also discuss clinical and translational aspects of VEGFA. Given the crucial role that VEGFA plays in regulating angiogenesis in health and disease, this molecule is largely the focus of this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pérez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Trivieri N, Visioli A, Mencarelli G, Cariglia MG, Marongiu L, Pracella R, Giani F, Soriano AA, Barile C, Cajola L, Copetti M, Palumbo O, Legnani F, DiMeco F, Gorgoglione L, Vescovi AL, Binda E. Growth factor independence underpins a paroxysmal, aggressive Wnt5aHigh/EphA2Low phenotype in glioblastoma stem cells, conducive to experimental combinatorial therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:139. [PMID: 35414102 PMCID: PMC9004109 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an incurable tumor, with a median survival rate of only 14–15 months. Along with heterogeneity and unregulated growth, a central matter in dealing with GBMs is cell invasiveness. Thus, improving prognosis requires finding new agents to inhibit key multiple pathways, even simultaneously. A subset of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) may account for tumorigenicity, representing, through their pathways, the proper cellular target in the therapeutics of glioblastomas. GSCs cells are routinely enriched and expanded due to continuous exposure to specific growth factors, which might alter some of their intrinsic characteristic and hide therapeutically relevant traits.
Methods
By removing exogenous growth factors stimulation, here we isolated and characterized a subset of GSCs with a “mitogen-independent” phenotype (I-GSCs) from patient’s tumor specimens. Differential side-by-side comparative functional and molecular analyses were performed either in vitro or in vivo on these cells versus their classical growth factor (GF)-dependent counterpart (D-GSCs) as well as their tissue of origin. This was performed to pinpoint the inherent GSCs’ critical regulators, with particular emphasis on those involved in spreading and tumorigenic potential. Transcriptomic fingerprints were pointed out by ANOVA with Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate (FDR) and association of copy number alterations or somatic mutations was determined by comparing each subgroup with a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test. The combined effects of interacting in vitro and in vivo with two emerging GSCs’ key regulators, such as Wnt5a and EphA2, were then predicted under in vivo experimental settings that are conducive to clinical applications. In vivo comparisons were carried out in mouse-human xenografts GBM model by a hierarchical linear model for repeated measurements and Dunnett’s multiple comparison test with the distribution of survival compared by Kaplan–Meier method.
Results
Here, we assessed that a subset of GSCs from high-grade gliomas is self-sufficient in the activation of regulatory growth signaling. Furthermore, while constitutively present within the same GBM tissue, these GF-independent GSCs cells were endowed with a distinctive functional and molecular repertoire, defined by highly aggressive Wnt5aHigh/EphA2Low profile, as opposed to Wnt5aLow/EphA2High expression in sibling D-GSCs. Regardless of their GBM subtype of origin, I-GSCs, are endowed with a raised in vivo tumorigenic potential than matched D-GSCs, which were fast-growing ex-vivo but less lethal and invasive in vivo. Also, the malignant I-GSCs’ transcriptomic fingerprint faithfully mirrored the original tumor, bringing into evidence key regulators of invasiveness, angiogenesis and immuno-modulators, which became candidates for glioma diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets. Particularly, simultaneously counteracting the activity of the tissue invasive mediator Wnt5a and EphA2 tyrosine kinase receptor addictively hindered GSCs’ tumorigenic and invasive ability, thus increasing survival.
Conclusion
We show how the preservation of a mitogen-independent phenotype in GSCs plays a central role in determining the exacerbated tumorigenic and high mobility features distinctive of GBM. The exploitation of the I-GSCs' peculiar features shown here offers new ways to identify novel, GSCs-specific effectors, whose modulation can be used in order to identify novel, potential molecular therapeutic targets. Furthermore, we show how the combined use of PepA, the anti-Wnt5a drug, and of ephrinA1-Fc to can hinder GSCs’ lethality in a clinically relevant xenogeneic in vivo model thus being conducive to perspective, novel combinatorial clinical application.
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Li T, Yu Q, Wang Y, Cai X, Kong Y, Zhao H, Diao S, Qin Y, Fang Q. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a better predictor of post-thrombolytic functional outcome in patients with previous antiplatelet therapy. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:83. [PMID: 35659067 PMCID: PMC9164376 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important biomarker of inflammation and plays a pivotal role in predicting the clinical prognosis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the mechanism of inflammation influencing the outcome of patients with ischemic stroke are unknown. Aims We aim to investigate the association between hsCRP and mRS in 194 eligible patients by therapy-stratified analyses. Methods The modification effects of antiplatelet therapy on the association between mRS and different exposure variables were analyzed. The retained variables were analyzed in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to discriminate patients with poor outcome. Results hsCRP was positively correlated with mRS in therapy-stratified analyses. There was a statistical modification effect of antiplatelet therapy on the association of hsCRP and mRS (P for interaction = 0.0101). The discriminative effect of poor outcome was further verified by ROC curve analyses (AUCwith from 0.758 to 0.872, AUCwithout from 0.709 to 0.713). Conclusions hsCRP is correlated with the clinical outcome of patients treated with IVrt-PA, and may be a better predictor of post-thrombolytic functional outcome in patients with previous antiplatelet therapy than in non-used patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Li
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Qiannan Yu
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiuying Cai
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hongru Zhao
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Shanshan Diao
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Yiren Qin
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Qi Fang
- Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
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Moses JC, Dey S, Bandyopadhyay A, Agarwala M, Mandal BB. Silk-Based Bioengineered Diaphyseal Cortical Bone Unit Enclosing an Implantable Bone Marrow toward Atrophic Nonunion Grafting. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102031. [PMID: 34881525 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal fracture healing of atrophic long bone diaphyseal nonunions remains a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Paucity of autologous spongiosa has potentiated the use of tissue engineered bone grafts to improve success rates of bone marrow engraftment used in plate reosteosynthesis. Herein, the development and in vitro validation of a "sandwich-type" biofabricated diaphyseal cross-sectional unit, with an outer mechanically robust bioprinted cortical bone shell, encompassing an engineered bone marrow, are reported. Channelized silk fibroin blend sponges derived from Bombyx mori and Antheraea assama help in developing compartmentalized endosteum, exhibiting specialized osteoblasts (endosteal niche) and discontinuous endothelium (vascular niche). The cellular cross-talk between these two niches triggered via integrin-mediated cell adhesion, enables in preserving quiescence state of CD34+ /CD38- hematopoietic stem cells and their recycling in the engineered marrow. The outer cortical bone strut is developed through multimaterial microextrusion bioprinting strategy. Osteogenically primed mesenchymal stem cells-laden silk fibroin-nano-hydroxyapatite bioink is bioprinted alongside paramagnetic Fe-doped bioactive glass-polycaprolactone blend thermoplastic ink, reinforcing it for mechanical stability. Pulsed magnetic field actuation positively influences the osteogenic commitment and maturation of the bioprinted constructs via mechanotransductory route. Therefore, the assembled engineered marrow and bioprinted cortical shell hold promise as potential orthobiologic substitutes toward atrophic nonunion repairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Christakiran Moses
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Souradeep Dey
- Centre for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Ashutosh Bandyopadhyay
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Manoj Agarwala
- GNRC Institute of Medical Sciences (formerly known as Guwahati Neurological Research Centre) Guwahati Assam 781039 India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
- Centre for Nanotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
- School of Health Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati Assam 781039 India
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Alginate-Chitosan Microencapsulated Cells for Improving CD34+ Progenitor Maintenance and Expansion. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11177887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protocols for isolation, characterization, and transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have been well established. However, difficulty in finding human leucocyte antigens (HLA)-matched donors and scarcity of HSCs are still the major obstacles of allogeneic transplantation. In this study, we developed a double-layered microcapsule to deliver paracrine factors from non-matched or low-matched HSCs to other cells. The umbilical cord blood-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells, identified as CD34+ cells, were entrapped in alginate polymer and further protected by chitosan coating. The microcapsules showed no toxicity for surrounding CD34+ cells. When CD34+ cells-loaded microcapsules were co-cultured with bare CD34+ cells that have been collected from unrelated donors, the microcapsules affected surrounding cells and increased the percentage of CD34+ cell population. This study is the first to report the potency of alginate-chitosan microcapsules containing non-HLA-matched cells for improving proliferation and progenitor maintenance of CD34+ cells.
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7
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Crippa S, Santi L, Berti M, De Ponti G, Bernardo ME. Role of ex vivo Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Determining Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663316. [PMID: 34017834 PMCID: PMC8129582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall, the human organism requires the production of ∼1 trillion new blood cells per day. Such goal is achieved via hematopoiesis occurring within the bone marrow (BM) under the tight regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis made by the BM microenvironment. The BM niche is defined by the close interactions of HSPCs and non-hematopoietic cells of different origin, which control the maintenance of HSPCs and orchestrate hematopoiesis in response to the body’s requirements. The activity of the BM niche is regulated by specific signaling pathways in physiological conditions and in case of stress, including the one induced by the HSPC transplantation (HSCT) procedures. HSCT is the curative option for several hematological and non-hematological diseases, despite being associated with early and late complications, mainly due to a low level of HSPC engraftment, impaired hematopoietic recovery, immune-mediated graft rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in case of allogenic transplant. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the BM niche, regulating HSPC homeostasis by direct contact and secreting several paracrine factors. In this review, we will explore the several mechanisms through which MSCs impact on the supportive activity of the BM niche and regulate HSPC homeostasis. We will further discuss how the growing understanding of such mechanisms have impacted, under a clinical point of view, on the transplantation field. In more recent years, these results have instructed the design of clinical trials to ameliorate the outcome of HSCT, especially in the allogenic setting, and when low doses of HSPCs were available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Berti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada De Ponti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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8
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Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Radiation Lesions-A Review. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020427. [PMID: 33670501 PMCID: PMC7922519 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionising radiation-induced normal tissue damage is a major concern in clinic and public health. It is the most limiting factor in radiotherapy treatment of malignant diseases. It can also cause a serious harm to populations exposed to accidental radiation exposure or nuclear warfare. With regard to the clinical use of radiation, there has been a number of modalities used in the field of radiotherapy. These includes physical modalities such modified collimators or fractionation schedules in radiotherapy. In addition, there are a number of pharmacological agents such as essential fatty acids, vasoactive drugs, enzyme inhibitors, antioxidants, and growth factors for the prevention or treatment of radiation lesions in general. However, at present, there is no standard procedure for the treatment of radiation-induced normal tissue lesions. Stem cells and their role in tissue regeneration have been known to biologists, in particular to radiobiologists, for many years. It was only recently that the potential of stem cells was studied in the treatment of radiation lesions. Stem cells, immediately after their successful isolation from a variety of animal and human tissues, demonstrated their likely application in the treatment of various diseases. This paper describes the types and origin of stem cells, their characteristics, current research, and reviews their potential in the treatment and regeneration of radiation induced normal tissue lesions. Adult stem cells, among those mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are the most extensively studied of stem cells. This review focuses on the effects of MSCs in the treatment of radiation lesions.
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9
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Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell signaling in the niche. Leukemia 2020; 34:3136-3148. [PMID: 33077865 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are responsible for lifelong maintenance of hematopoiesis through self-renewal and differentiation into mature blood cell lineages. Traditional models hold that HSPCs guard homeostatic function and adapt to regenerative demand by integrating cell-autonomous, intrinsic programs with extrinsic cues from the niche. Despite the biologic significance, little is known about the active roles HSPCs partake in reciprocally shaping the function of their microenvironment. Here, we review evidence of signals emerging from HSPCs through secreted autocrine or paracrine factors, including extracellular vesicles, and via direct contact within the niche. We also discuss the functional impact of direct cellular interactions between hematopoietic elements on niche occupancy in the context of leukemic infiltration. The aggregate data support a model whereby HSPCs are active participants in the dynamic adaptation of the stem cell niche unit during development and homeostasis, and under inflammatory stress, malignancy, or transplantation.
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10
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Wysoczynski M, Pathan A, Moore JB, Farid T, Kim J, Nasr M, Kang Y, Li H, Bolli R. Pro-Angiogenic Actions of CMC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Rely on Selective Packaging of Angiopoietin 1 and 2, but Not FGF-2 and VEGF. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 15:530-542. [PMID: 31102187 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While the fundamental mechanism by which cardiac cell therapy mitigates ventricular dysfunction in the post ischemic heart remains poorly defined, donor cell paracrine signaling is presumed to be a chief contributor to the afforded benefits. Of the many bioactive molecules secreted by transplanted cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their proteinaceous, nucleic acid, and lipid rich contents, comprise a heterogeneous assortment of prospective cardiotrophic factors-whose involvement in the activation of endogenous cardiac repair mechanism(s), including reducing fibrosis and promoting angiogenesis, have yet to be fully explained. In the current study we aimed to interrogate potential mechanisms by which cardiac mesenchymal stromal cell (CMC)-derived EVs contribute to the CMC pro-angiogenic paracrine signaling capacity in vitro. Vesicular transmission and biological activity of human CMC-derived EVs was evaluated in in vitro assays for human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) function, including EV uptake, cell survival, migration, tube formation, and intracellular pathway activation. HUVECs incubated with EVs exhibited augmented cell migration, tube formation, and survival under peroxide exposure; findings which paralleled enhanced activation of the archetypal pro-survival/pro-angiogenic pathways, STAT3 and PI3K-AKT. Cytokine array analyses revealed preferential enrichment of a subset of prototypical angiogenic factors, Ang-1 and Ang-2, in CMC EVs. Interestingly, pharmacologic inhibition of Tie2 in HUVECs, the cognate receptors of angiopoietins, efficiently attenuated CMC-EV-induced HUVEC migration. Further, in additional assays a Tie2 kinase inhibitor exhibited specificity to inhibit Ang-1-, but not Ang-2-, induced HUVEC migration. Overall, these findings suggest that the pro-angiogenic activities of CMC EVs are principally mediated by Ang-1-Tie2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- University of Louisville, 580 South Preston St. - Rm 119F, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA.
| | - Asif Pathan
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joseph B Moore
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Talha Farid
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jae Kim
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marjan Nasr
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yi Kang
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
- University of Louisville, 550 S Jackson St.- ACB, Third Floor, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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Fattahi P, Haque A, Son KJ, Guild J, Revzin A. Microfluidic devices, accumulation of endogenous signals and stem cell fate selection. Differentiation 2019; 112:39-46. [PMID: 31884176 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Fattahi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amranul Haque
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyung Jin Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Guild
- Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Revzin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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12
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Gilchrist AE, Lee S, Hu Y, Harley BA. Soluble Signals and Remodeling in a Synthetic Gelatin-Based Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900751. [PMID: 31532901 PMCID: PMC6813872 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in the bone marrow within niches that provide microenvironmental signals in the form of biophysical cues, bound and diffusible biomolecules, and heterotypic cell-cell interactions that influence HSC fate decisions. This study seeks to inform the development of a synthetic culture platform that promotes ex vivo HSC expansion without exhaustion. A library of methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin (GelMA) hydrogels is used to explore remodeling and crosstalk from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) on the expansion and quiescence of murine HSCs. The use of a degradable GelMA hydrogel enables MSC-mediated remodeling, yielding dynamic shifts in the matrix environment over time. An initially low-diffusivity hydrogel for co-culture of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to MSCs facilitates maintenance of an early progenitor cell population over 7 days. Excitingly, this platform promotes retention of a quiescent HSC population compared to HSC monocultures. These studies reveal MSC-density-dependent upregulation of MMP-9 and changes in hydrogel mechanical properties (ΔE = 2.61 ± 0.72) suggesting MSC-mediated matrix remodeling may contribute to a dynamic culture environment. Herein, a 3D hydrogel is reported for ex vivo HSC culture, in which HSC expansion and quiescence is sensitive to hydrogel properties, MSC co-culture, and MSC-mediated hydrogel remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan E. Gilchrist
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Sunho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Yuhang Hu
- Department of Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Brendan A.C. Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801
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Ratajczak MZ, Ciechanowicz AK, Kucharska-Mazur J, Samochowiec J. Stem cells and their potential clinical applications in psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:3-9. [PMID: 28435007 PMCID: PMC5623088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The robustness of stem cells is one of the major factors that directly impacts life quality and life span. Evidence has accumulated that changes in the stem cell compartment affect human mental health and serve as an indicator of psychiatric problems. It is well known that stem cells continuously replace differentiated cells and tissues that are used up during life, although this replacement occurs at a different pace in the various organs. However, the participation of local neural stem cells in regeneration of the central nervous system is controversial. It is known that low numbers of stem cells circulate continuously in peripheral blood (PB) and lymph and undergo a circadian rhythm in their PB level, with the peak occurring early in the morning and the nadir at night, and recent evidence suggests that the number and pattern of circulating stem cells in PB changes in psychotic disorders. On the other hand, progress in the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from patient somatic cells provides valuable tools with which to study changes in gene expression in psychotic patients. We will discuss the various potential sources of stem cells that are currently employed in regenerative medicine and the mechanisms that explain some of their beneficial effects as well as the emerging problems with stem cell therapies. However, the main question remains: Will it be possible in the future to modulate the stem cell compartment to reverse psychiatric problems?
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute, 500 South Floyd Street, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville 40202, KY, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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14
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Aqmasheh S, Shamsasanjan K, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Pashoutan Sarvar D, Timari H. Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derivatives on Hematopoiesis and Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Adv Pharm Bull 2017; 7:165-177. [PMID: 28761818 PMCID: PMC5527230 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2017.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a balance among quiescence, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation, which is believed to be firmly adjusted through interactions between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with the microenvironment. This microenvironment is derived from a common progenitor of mesenchymal origin and its signals should be capable of regulating the cellular memory of transcriptional situation and lead to an exchange of stem cell genes expression. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have self-renewal and differentiation capacity into tissues of mesodermal origin, and these cells can support hematopoiesis through release various molecules that play a crucial role in migration, homing, self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of HSPCs. Studies on the effects of MSCs on HSPC differentiation can develop modern solutions in the treatment of patients with hematologic disorders for more effective Bone Marrow (BM) transplantation in the near future. However, considerable challenges remain on realization of how paracrine mechanisms of MSCs act on the target tissues, and how to design a therapeutic regimen with various paracrine factors in order to achieve optimal results for tissue conservation and regeneration. The aim of this review is to characterize and consider the related aspects of the ability of MSCs secretome in protection of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Aqmasheh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasanjan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hamze Timari
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Regulating dynamic signaling between hematopoietic stem cells and niche cells via a hydrogel matrix. Biomaterials 2017; 125:54-64. [PMID: 28231508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) reside in unique bone marrow niches and are influenced by signals from surrounding cells, the extracellular matrix (ECM), ECM-bound or diffusible biomolecules. Here we describe the use of a three-dimensional hydrogel to alter the balance of HSC-generated autocrine feedback and paracrine signals generated by co-cultured niche-associated cells. We report shifts in HSC proliferation rate and fate specification in the presence of lineage positive (Lin+) niche cells. Hydrogels promoting autocrine feedback enhanced expansion of early hematopoietic progenitors while paracrine signals from Lin+ cells increased myeloid differentiation. We report thresholds where autocrine vs. paracrine cues alter HSC fate transitions, and were able to selectively abrogate the effects of matrix diffusivity and niche cell co-culture via the use of inhibitory cocktails of autocrine or paracrine signals. Together, these results suggest diffusive biotransport in three-dimensional biomaterials are a critical design element for the development of a synthetic stem cell niche.
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16
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De Luca L, Trino S, Laurenzana I, Simeon V, Calice G, Raimondo S, Podestà M, Santodirocco M, Di Mauro L, La Rocca F, Caivano A, Morano A, Frassoni F, Cilloni D, Del Vecchio L, Musto P. MiRNAs and piRNAs from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles induce cell survival and inhibit cell differentiation of cord blood hematopoietic stem cells: a new insight in transplantation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:6676-92. [PMID: 26760763 PMCID: PMC4872742 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), including umbilical cord blood CD34+ stem cells (UCB-CD34+), are used for the treatment of several diseases. Although different studies suggest that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) support hematopoiesis, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described as a novel avenue of cell communication, which may mediate BM-MSC effect on HSC. In this work, we studied the interaction between UCB-CD34+ cells and BM-MSC derived EVs. First, by sequencing EV derived miRNAs and piRNAs we found that EVs contain RNAs able to influence UCB-CD34+ cell fate. Accordingly, a gene expression profile of UCB-CD34+ cells treated with EVs, identified about 100 down-regulated genes among those targeted by EV-derived miRNAs and piRNAs (e.g. miR-27b/MPL, miR-21/ANXA1, miR-181/EGR2), indicating that EV content was able to modify gene expression profile of receiving cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that UCB-CD34+ cells, exposed to EVs, significantly changed different biological functions, becoming more viable and less differentiated. UCB-CD34+ gene expression profile also identified 103 up-regulated genes, most of them codifying for chemokines, cytokines and their receptors, involved in chemotaxis of different BM cells, an essential function of hematopoietic reconstitution. Finally, the exposure of UCB-CD34+ cells to EVs caused an increased expression CXCR4, paralleled by an in vivo augmented migration from peripheral blood to BM niche in NSG mice. This study demonstrates the existence of a powerful cross talk between BM-MSC and UCB-CD34+ cells, mediated by EVs, providing new insight in the biology of cord blood transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Vittorio Simeon
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Marina Podestà
- Stem Cell Center, S. Martino Hospital, Genova 16132, Italy
| | - Michele Santodirocco
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Puglia Cord Blood Bank, IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 (FG), Italy
| | - Lazzaro Di Mauro
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Puglia Cord Blood Bank, IRCCS-Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 (FG), Italy
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Annalisa Morano
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
| | - Francesco Frassoni
- Laboratorio Cellule Staminali Post Natali e Terapie Cellulari, Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16148, Italy
| | - Daniela Cilloni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L., Naples, 80145, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Basilicata (CROB), Rionero in Vulture, 85028 (PZ), Italy
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17
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Soliman AH. Diagnostic and Prognostic Relevance of Bone Marrow Microenvironment Components in Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Cases Before and After Therapy. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:5273-5280. [PMID: 28125873 PMCID: PMC5454670 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.12.5273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate stromal cells of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) in bone marrow trephine biopsy (BMTB) specimens, with a focus on fibronectin, tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) and L-selectin in Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients, before and after therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 de novo NHL patients, 64 with B-cell lymphomas 80%, (follicular cell lymphoma (FCL) in 32, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) in 12, and diffuse large cell lymphoma in 20) and 16 with T-cell lymphomas (20%) all diagnosed as T-Lymphoblastic lymphomas, were evaluated before and after therapy. For comparison, 25 age and sex matched BM donors, were included as a control group. BMTB material and BM aspirates were taken for morphological assessment of stromal cells, the plasma of these samples being examined for TNFα and L-selectin by ELISA, and fibronectin by radial immunodiffusion (RID). Results: BM stromal cells comprising reticular macrophages and fibroblasts were elevated in 53.3% of NHL cases at diagnosis, while BM fibronectin levels were decreased and BM TNFα and L-selectin were higher than in controls (p<0.05). In NHL cases, elevated values of BM TNFα and BM L-selectin were associated with signs of aggressive disease, including >1 extra nodal sites, detectable B symptoms, high grade, BM and CNS invasion, and a high International prognostic index (IPI) (p<0.05). Conclusion: BMM components, TNFα, L-selectin and fibronectin, in NHL can be useful in evaluating disease activity, extent and response to treatment and as prognostic markers according to the IPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira H Soliman
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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18
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Distinguishing autocrine and paracrine signals in hematopoietic stem cell culture using a biofunctional microcavity platform. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31951. [PMID: 27535453 PMCID: PMC4989144 DOI: 10.1038/srep31951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in the mammalian bone marrow stem cell niche is regulated by signals of the local microenvironment. Besides juxtacrine, endocrine and metabolic cues, paracrine and autocrine signals are involved in controlling quiescence, proliferation and differentiation of HSC with strong implications on expansion and differentiation ex vivo as well as in vivo transplantation. Towards this aim, a cell culture analysis on a polymer microcavity carrier platform was combined with a partial least square analysis of a mechanistic model of cell proliferation. We could demonstrate the discrimination of specific autocrine and paracrine signals from soluble factors as stimulating and inhibitory effectors in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell culture. From that we hypothesize autocrine signals to be predominantly involved in maintaining the quiescent state of HSC in single-cell niches and advocate our analysis platform as an unprecedented option for untangling convoluted signaling mechanisms in complex cell systems being it of juxtacrine, paracrine or autocrine origin.
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19
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20
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Combined effect of ligament stem cells and umbilical-cord-blood-derived CD34+ cells on ligament healing. Cell Tissue Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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21
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Fons P, Gueguen-Dorbes G, Herault JP, Geronimi F, Tuyaret J, Frédérique D, Schaeffer P, Volle-Challier C, Herbert JM, Bono F. Tumor vasculature is regulated by FGF/FGFR signaling-mediated angiogenesis and bone marrow-derived cell recruitment: this mechanism is inhibited by SSR128129E, the first allosteric antagonist of FGFRs. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:43-51. [PMID: 24760775 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is accompanied by vasculogenesis, which is involved in the differentiation and mobilization of human bone marrow cells. In order to further characterize the role of vasculogenesis in the tumor growth process, the effects of FGF2 on the differentiation of human bone marrow AC133(+) cells (BM-AC133(+)) into vascular precursors were studied in vitro. FGF2, like VEGFA, induced progenitor cell differentiation into cell types with endothelial cell characteristics. SSR128129E, a newly discovered specific FGFR antagonist acting by allosteric interaction with FGFR, abrogated FGF2-induced endothelial cell differentiation, showing that FGFR signaling is essential during this process. To assess the involvement of the FGF/FRGR signaling in vivo, the pre-clinical model of Lewis lung carcinoma (LL2) in mice was used. Subcutaneous injection of LL2 cells into mice induced an increase of circulating EPCs from peripheral blood associated with tumor growth and an increase of intra-tumoral vascular index. Treatment with the FGFR antagonist SSR128129E strongly decreased LL2 tumor growth as well as the intra-tumoral vascular index (41% and 50% decrease vs. vehicle-treated mice respectively, P < 0.01). Interestingly, SSR128129E treatment significantly decreased the number of circulating EPCs from the peripheral blood (53% inhibition vs. vehicle-treated mice, P < 0.01). These results demonstrate for the first time that the blockade of the FGF/FGFR pathway by SSR128129E reduces EPC recruitment during angiogenesis-dependent tumor growth. In this context, circulating EPCs could be a reliable surrogate marker for tumor growth and angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Fons
- Sanofi Recherche and Développement, Toulouse, France
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22
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Abstract
Blood is renewed throughout the entire life. The stem cells of the blood, called hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are responsible for maintaining a supply of all types of fresh blood cells. In contrast to other stem cells, the clinical application of these cells is well established and HSC transplantation is an established life-saving therapy for patients suffering from haematological disorders. Despite their efficient functionality throughout life in vivo, controlling HSC behaviour in vitro (including their proliferation and differentiation) is still a major task that has not been resolved with standard cell culture systems. Targeted HSC multiplication in vitro could be beneficial for many patients, because HSC supply is limited. The biology of these cells and their natural microenvironment - their niche - remain a matter of ongoing research. In recent years, evidence has come to light that HSCs are susceptible to physical stimuli. This makes the regulation of HSCs by engineering physical parameters a promising approach for the targeted manipulation of these cells for clinical applications. Nevertheless, the biophysical regulation of these cells is still poorly understood. This review sheds light on the role of biophysical parameters in HSC biology and outlines which knowledge on biophysical regulation identified in other cell types could be applied to HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lee-Thedieck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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23
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Im W, Kim M. Cell Therapy Strategies vs. Paracrine Effect in Huntington's Disease. J Mov Disord 2014; 7:1-6. [PMID: 24926403 PMCID: PMC4051721 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.14001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder. The most common symptom of HD is abnormal involuntary writhing movements, called chorea. Antipsychotics and tetrabenazine are used to alleviate the signs and symptoms of HD. Stem cells have been investigated for use in neurodegenerative disorders to develop cell therapy strategies. Recent evidence indicates that the beneficial effects of stem cell therapies are actually mediated by secretory molecules, as well as cell replacement. Although stem cell studies show that cell transplantation provides cellular improvement around lesions in in vivo models, further work is required to elucidate some issues before the clinical application of stem cells. These issues include the precise mechanism of action, delivery method, toxicity and safety. With a focus on HD, this review summarizes cell therapy strategies and the paracrine effect of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Im
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Manho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Cervio M, Scudeller L, Viarengo G, Monti M, Del Fante C, Arici V, Perotti C. γ-Irradiated cord blood MNCs: different paracrine effects on mature and progenitor endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2014; 94:9-16. [PMID: 24788073 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have been employed to promote neovascularization mainly through the release of paracrine factors inhibiting apoptosis and supporting migration and proliferation of resident differentiated cells. We tested in vitro pro-angiogenic effects of apoptotic cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) on mature endothelial cells (HUVECs) and peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (ECFCs). CB-MNCs were γ-irradiated to induce apoptosis and cultured for 72 h to obtain the release of CM. MNCs viability, evaluated by flow cytometry, decreased progressively after γ-irradiation reaching 41% at 72 h. γ-Irradiated MNCs (γMNCs) released increasing amounts of EGF, PDGF-AB and VEGF in their CM over time, as assessed by ELISA. γ-MNCs and their CM enhanced capillary-like network formation (in a dose-dependent and time-persistent manner), proliferation and migration of HUVECs in vitro, while they primed capillary-like network formation (dose-independent and not time-persistent) and induced migration but did not support proliferation of ECFCs. Our data support the hypothesis of paracrine mechanism as prevalent in regenerative medicine and demonstrate the efficacy of MNCs secretome in inducing neovascularization. To our knowledge, this is the first paper highlighting differential pro-angiogenic effects of CM on mature and progenitor endothelial cells, adding a tile in the understanding of mechanisms involved in neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marila Cervio
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Luigia Scudeller
- Service of Biometry and Statistics, Scientific Direction, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Viarengo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Monti
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Arici
- Vascular Surgery Unit, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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25
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Controlled release of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances osteoconductive and biodegradable properties of Beta-tricalcium phosphate in a rat calvarial defect model. Int J Biomater 2014; 2014:134521. [PMID: 24829581 PMCID: PMC4009298 DOI: 10.1155/2014/134521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous bone grafts remain the gold standard for the treatment of congenital craniofacial disorders; however, there are potential problems including donor site morbidity and limitations to the amount of bone that can be harvested. Recent studies suggest that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes fracture healing or osteogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether topically applied G-CSF can stimulate the osteoconductive properties of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) in a rat calvarial defect model. A total of 27 calvarial defects 5 mm in diameter were randomly divided into nine groups, which were treated with various combinations of a β-TCP disc and G-CSF in solution form or controlled release system using gelatin hydrogel. Histologic and histomorphometric analyses were performed at eight weeks postoperatively. The controlled release of low-dose (1 μg and 5 μg) G-CSF significantly enhanced new bone formation when combined with a β-TCP disc. Moreover, administration of 5 μg G-CSF using a controlled release system significantly promoted the biodegradable properties of β-TCP. In conclusion, the controlled release of 5 μg G-CSF significantly enhanced the osteoconductive and biodegradable properties of β-TCP. The combination of G-CSF slow-release and β-TCP is a novel and promising approach for treating pediatric craniofacial bone defects.
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26
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Sousa BR, Parreira RC, Fonseca EA, Amaya MJ, Tonelli FMP, Lacerda SMSN, Lalwani P, Santos AK, Gomes KN, Ulrich H, Kihara AH, Resende RR. Human adult stem cells from diverse origins: An overview from multiparametric immunophenotyping to clinical applications. Cytometry A 2013; 85:43-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R. Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Ricardo C. Parreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Emerson A Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Maria J. Amaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Fernanda M. P. Tonelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Samyra M. S. N. Lacerda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Pritesh Lalwani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Manaus AM Brazil
| | - Anderson K. Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Katia N. Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre H. Kihara
- Núcleo de Cognição e Sistemas Complexos, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R. Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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27
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Abstract
Physical forces are central players in development and morphogenesis, provide an ever-present backdrop influencing physiological functions, and contribute to a variety of pathologies. Mechanotransduction encompasses the rich variety of ways in which cells and tissues convert cues from their physical environment into biochemical signals. These cues include tensile, compressive and shear stresses, and the stiffness or elastic modulus of the tissues in which cells reside. This article focuses on the proximal events that lead directly from a change in physical state to a change in cell-signaling state. A large body of evidence demonstrates a prominent role for the extracellular matrix, the intracellular cytoskeleton, and the cell matrix adhesions that link these networks in transduction of the mechanical environment. Recent work emphasizes the important role of physical unfolding or conformational changes in proteins induced by mechanical loading, with examples identified both within the focal adhesion complex at the cell-matrix interface and in extracellular matrix proteins themselves. Beyond these adhesion and matrix-based mechanisms, classical and new mechanisms of mechanotransduction reside in stretch-activated ion channels, the coupling of physical forces to interstitial autocrine and paracrine signaling, force-induced activation of extracellular proteins, and physical effects directly transmitted to the cell's nucleus. Rapid progress is leading to detailed delineation of molecular mechanisms by which the physical environment shapes cellular signaling events, opening up avenues for exploring how mechanotransduction pathways are integrated into physiological and pathophysiological cellular and tissue processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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28
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Exploiting human CD34+ stem cell-conditioned medium for tissue repair. Mol Ther 2013; 22:149-59. [PMID: 23985698 PMCID: PMC3978788 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2013.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the progress in our understanding of genes essential for stem cell regulation and development, little is known about the factors secreted by stem cells and their effect on tissue regeneration. In particular, the factors secreted by human CD34+ cells remain to be elucidated. We have approached this challenge by performing a cytokine/growth factor microarray analysis of secreted soluble factors in medium conditioned by adherent human CD34+ cells. Thirty-two abundantly secreted factors have been identified, all of which are associated with cell proliferation, survival, tissue repair, and wound healing. The cultured CD34+ cells expressed known stem cell genes such as Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, c-kit, and HoxB4. The conditioned medium containing the secreted factors prevented cell death in liver cells exposed to liver toxin in vitro via inhibition of the caspase-3 signaling pathway. More importantly, in vivo studies using animal models of liver damage demonstrated that injection of the conditioned medium could repair damaged liver tissue (significant reduction in the necroinflammatory activity), as well as enable the animals to survive. Thus, we demonstrate that medium conditioned by human CD34+ cells has the potential for therapeutic repair of damaged tissue in vivo.
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Bal G, Kamhieh-Milz J, Sterzer V, Al-Samman M, Debski J, Klein O, Kamhieh-Milz S, Bhakdi S, Salama A. Proteomic Profiling of Secreted Proteins for the Hematopoietic Support of Interleukin-Stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:1185-99. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) secrete a number of factors that greatly impact the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). These factors remain largely unknown. Here, we report on the most comprehensive proteomic profiling of the HUVEC secretome and identified 827 different secreted proteins. Two hundred and thirty-one proteins were found in all conditions, whereas 369 proteins were identified only under proinflammatory conditions following IL-1β, IL-3, and IL-6 stimulation. Thirteen proteins including complement factor b (CFb) were identified only under IL-1β and IL-3 conditions and may potentially represent HSPC proliferation factors. The combination of bioinformatics and gene ontology annotations indicates the role of the complement system and its activation. Furthermore, CFb was found to be transcriptionally strongly upregulated. Addition of complement component 5b-9 (C5b-9) monoclonal antibody to the stem cell expansion assay was capable of significantly reducing their proliferation. This study suggests a complement-mediated cross-talk between endothelial cells and HSPCs under proinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gürkan Bal
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktor Sterzer
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Muhammad Al-Samman
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janusz Debski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oliver Klein
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sundrela Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sucharit Bhakdi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Abdulgabar Salama
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Tightly anchored tissue-mimetic matrices as instructive stem cell microenvironments. Nat Methods 2013; 10:788-94. [PMID: 23793238 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle in defining the exact role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in stem cell niches is the lack of suitable in vitro methods that recapitulate complex ECM microenvironments. Here we describe a methodology that permits reliable anchorage of native cell-secreted ECM to culture carriers. We validated our approach by fabricating two types of human bone marrow-specific ECM substrates that were robust enough to support human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in vitro. We characterized the molecular composition, structural features and nanomechanical properties of the MSC-derived ECM preparations and demonstrated their ability to support expansion and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Our methodology enables the deciphering and modulation of native-like multicomponent ECMs of tissue-resident stem cells and will therefore prepare the ground for a more rational design of engineered stem cell niches.
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Andrews DA, Hamadeh HK, He YD, Boren BM, Turk JR, Boyce RW, Mytych DT, Barger TE, Salimi-Moosavi H, Sloey B, Elliott S, McElroy P, Sinclair AM, Shimamoto G, Pyrah ITG, Lightfoot-Dunn RM. Cytokines associated with increased erythropoiesis in Sprague-Dawley rats administered a novel hyperglycosylated analog of recombinant human erythropoietin. Toxicol Pathol 2013; 42:540-54. [PMID: 23674392 DOI: 10.1177/0192623313486318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported an increased incidence of thrombotic toxicities in Sprague-Dawley rats administered the highest dose level of a hyperglycosylated analog of recombinant human erythropoietin (AMG 114) for 1 month as not solely dependent on high hematocrit (HCT). Thereafter, we identified increased erythropoiesis as a prothrombotic risk factor increased in the AMG 114 high-dose group with thrombotic toxicities, compared to a low-dose group with no toxicities but similar HCT. Here, we identified pleiotropic cytokines as prothrombotic factors associated with AMG 114 dose level. Before a high HCT was achieved, rats in the AMG 114 high, but not the low-dose group, had imbalanced hemostasis (increased von Willebrand factor and prothrombin time, decreased antithrombin III) coexistent with cytokines implicated in thrombosis: monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), MCP-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1, macrophage inhibitory protein-2, oncostatin M, T-cell-specific protein, stem cell factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-11. While no unique pathway to erythropoiesis stimulating agent-related thrombosis was identified, cytokines associated with increased erythropoiesis contributed to a prothrombotic intravascular environment in the AMG 114 high-dose group, but not in lower dose groups with a similar high HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina A Andrews
- 1Comparative Biology Safety Sciences, Pathology, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
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Enhancement of wound closure in diabetic mice by ex vivo expanded cord blood CD34+ cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2013; 18:263-83. [PMID: 23666595 PMCID: PMC6275982 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-013-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes can impair wound closure, which can give rise to major clinical problems. Most treatments for wound repair in diabetes remain ineffective. This study aimed to investigate the influence on wound closure of treatments using expanded human cord blood CD34+ cells (CB-CD34+ cells), freshly isolated CB-CD34+ cells and a cytokine cocktail. The test subjects were mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Wounds treated with fresh CB-CD34+ cells showed more rapid repair than mice given the PBS control. Injection of expanded CB-CD34+ cells improved wound closure significantly, whereas the injection of the cytokine cocktail alone did not improve wound repair. The results also demonstrated a significant decrease in epithelial gaps and advanced re-epithelialization over the wound bed area after treatment with either expanded CB-CD34+ cells or freshly isolated cells compared with the control. In addition, treatments with both CB-CD34+ cells and the cytokine cocktail were shown to promote recruitment of CD31+-endothelial cells in the wounds. Both the CB-CD34+ cell population and the cytokine treatments also enhanced the recruitment of CD68-positive cells in the early stages (day 3) of treatment compared with PBS control, although the degree of this enhancement was found to decline in the later stages (day 9). These results demonstrated that expanded CB-CD34+ cells or freshly isolated CB-CD34+ cells could accelerate wound repair by increasing the recruitment of macrophages and capillaries and the reepithelialization over the wound bed area. Our data suggest an effective role in wound closure for both ex vivo expanded CB-CD34+ cells and freshly isolated cells, and these may serve as therapeutic options for wound treatment for diabetic patients. Wound closure acceleration by expanded CB-CD34+ cells also breaks the insufficient quantity obstacle of stem cells per unit of cord blood and other stem cell sources, which indicates a broader potential for autologous transplantation.
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Fernández Vallone VB, Romaniuk MA, Choi H, Labovsky V, Otaegui J, Chasseing NA. Mesenchymal stem cells and their use in therapy: what has been achieved? Differentiation 2013; 85:1-10. [PMID: 23314286 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The considerable therapeutic potential of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has generated increasing interest in a wide variety of biomedical disciplines. Nevertheless, researchers report studies on MSCs using different methods of isolation and expansion, as well as different approaches to characterize them; therefore, it is increasingly difficult to compare and contrast study outcomes. To begin to address this issue, the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy proposed minimal criteria to define human MSCs. First, MSCs must be plastic-adherent when maintained in standard culture conditions (α minimal essential medium plus 20% fetal bovine serum). Second, MSCs must express CD105, CD73 and CD90, and MSCs must lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79α or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules. Third, MSCs must differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts in vitro. MSCs are isolated from many adult tissues, in particular from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Along with their capacity to differentiate and transdifferentiate into cells of different lineages, these cells have also generated great interest for their ability to display immunomodulatory capacities. Indeed, a major breakthrough was the finding that MSCs are able to induce peripheral tolerance, suggesting that they may be used as therapeutic tools in immune-mediated disorders. Although no significant adverse events have been reported in clinical trials to date, all interventional therapies have some inherent risks. Potential risks for undesirable events, such as tumor development, that might occur while using these stem cells for therapy must be taken into account and contrasted against the potential benefits to patients.
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Ratajczak J, Kucia M, Mierzejewska K, Marlicz W, Pietrzkowski Z, Wojakowski W, Greco NJ, Tendera M, Ratajczak MZ. Paracrine proangiopoietic effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived purified CD133+ cells--implications for stem cell therapies in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:422-30. [PMID: 23003001 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD133+ cells purified from hematopoietic tissues are enriched mostly for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, but also contain some endothelial progenitor cells and very small embryonic-like stem cells. CD133+ cells, which are akin to CD34+ cells, are a potential source of stem cells in regenerative medicine. However, the lack of convincing donor-derived chimerism in the damaged organs of patients treated with these cells suggests that the improvement in function involves mechanisms other than a direct contribution to the damaged tissues. We hypothesized that CD133+ cells secrete several paracrine factors that play a major role in the positive effects observed after treatment and tested supernatants derived from these cells for the presence of such factors. We observed that CD133+ cells and CD133+ cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) express mRNAs for several antiapoptotic and proangiopoietic factors, including kit ligand, insulin growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and interleukin-8. These factors were also detected in a CD133+ cell-derived conditioned medium (CM). More important, the CD133+ cell-derived CM and MVs chemoattracted endothelial cells and display proangiopoietic activity both in vitro and in vivo assays. This observation should be taken into consideration when evaluating clinical outcomes from purified CD133+ cell therapies in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Ratajczak MZ, Kucia M, Jadczyk T, Greco NJ, Wojakowski W, Tendera M, Ratajczak J. Pivotal role of paracrine effects in stem cell therapies in regenerative medicine: can we translate stem cell-secreted paracrine factors and microvesicles into better therapeutic strategies? Leukemia 2011; 26:1166-73. [PMID: 22182853 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although regenerative medicine is searching for pluripotent stem cells that could be employed for therapy, various types of more differentiated adult stem and progenitor cells are in meantime being employed in clinical trials to regenerate damaged organs (for example, heart, kidney or neural tissues). It is striking that, for a variety of these cells, the currently observed final outcomes of cellular therapies are often similar. This fact and the lack of convincing documentation for donor-recipient chimerism in treated tissues in most of the studies indicates that a mechanism other than transdifferentiation of cells infused systemically into peripheral blood or injected directly into damaged organs may have an important role. In this review, we will discuss the role of (i) growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and bioactive lipids and (ii) microvesicles (MVs) released from cells employed as cellular therapeutics in regenerative medicine. In particular, stem cells are a rich source of these soluble factors and MVs released from their surface may deliver RNA and microRNA into damaged organs. Based on these phenomena, we suggest that paracrine effects make major contributions in most of the currently reported positive results in clinical trials employing adult stem cells. We will also present possibilities for how these paracrine mechanisms could be exploited in regenerative medicine to achieve better therapeutic outcomes. This approach may yield critical improvements in current cell therapies before true pluripotent stem cells isolated in sufficient quantities from adult tissues and successfully expanded ex vivo will be employed in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Ratajczak MZ. The emerging role of microvesicles in cellular therapies for organ/tissue regeneration. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 26:1453-6. [PMID: 21531733 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Terayama H, Ishikawa M, Yasunaga Y, Yamasaki T, Hamaki T, Asahara T, Ochi M. Prevention of osteonecrosis by intravenous administration of human peripheral blood-derived CD34-positive cells in a rat osteonecrosis model. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:32-40. [PMID: 20603867 DOI: 10.1002/term.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Aseptic idiopathic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a painful disorder of the hip that can lead to collapse of the femoral head and the need for total hip replacement following joint destruction. Treatment of this disease still remains a clinical challenge. Adult human circulating CD34(+) cells have been demonstrated to contribute to vasculogenesis and osteogenesis in immunodeficient rat non-union models in vivo. We hypothesized and proved that the transplantation of CD34(+) cells could have a role for improvement of osteonecrosis by promoting vasculogenesis and osteogenesis. Vascular deprivation-induced femoral head necrosis was developed in immunodeficient rats and we then administered human G-CSF mobilized CD34(+) cells intravenously. At 4 weeks after administration, the structure of the femoral head and neck were evaluated histologically and morphometrically with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and micro-CT imaging. Microangiography was carried out for macroscopic evaluation of neovascularization, and the contribution of human cells to vasculogenesis and osteogenesis was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining with human-specific antibodies. Our treatment resulted in an obvious improvement of osteonecrosis after CD34(+) cell administration and demonstrated the differentiation potential of CD34(+) cells into endothelial cells and osteoblasts. In conclusion, this new therapeutic approach using circulating cell fraction could be a promising cell-based therapy for early-stage osteonecrosis of the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Terayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Japan
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Su X, Qiu Y, Marquez-Curtis L, Gupta M, Capjack CE, Rozmus W, Janowska-Wieczorek A, Tsui YY. Label-free and noninvasive optical detection of the distribution of nanometer-size mitochondria in single cells. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:067003. [PMID: 21721824 DOI: 10.1117/1.3583577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A microfluidic flow cytometric technique capable of obtaining information on nanometer-sized organelles in single cells in a label-free, noninvasive optical manner was developed. Experimental two-dimensional (2D) light scattering patterns from malignant lymphoid cells (Jurkat cell line) and normal hematopoietic stem cells (cord blood CD34+ cells) were compared with those obtained from finite-difference time-domain simulations. In the simulations, we assumed that the mitochondria were randomly distributed throughout a Jurkat cell, and aggregated in a CD34+ cell. Comparison of the experimental and simulated light scattering patterns led us to conclude that distinction from these two types of cells may be due to different mitochondrial distributions. This observation was confirmed by conventional confocal fluorescence microscopy. A method for potential cell discrimination was developed based on analysis of the 2D light scattering patterns. Potential clinical applications using mitochondria as intrinsic biological markers in single cells were discussed in terms of normal cells (CD34+ cell and lymphocytes) versus malignant cells (THP-1 and Jurkat cell lines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuantao Su
- Shandong University, School of Control Science & Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan, China.
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Enhancing trophic support of mesenchymal stem cells by ex vivo treatment with trophic factors. J Neurol Sci 2010; 298:28-34. [PMID: 20864125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have examined the enhanced efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) using neurotrophic factor transfection in ischemic rat models. However, gene therapy, e.g., the application of MSCs transfected with neurotrophic factors, is not feasible in clinical practice for ethical reasons. Therefore, we evaluated cultivation with specific trophic factors in an attempt to enhance the efficacy of human MSCs (hMSCs) in ischemic stroke. METHODS Using quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we analyzed the levels of trophic factors released from hMSCs after treatment with ischemic brain extract. Trophic factors were pretreated under ex vivo culture conditions. The concentrations of each trophic factor produced by the trophic factor-pretreated and non-pretreated hMSCs were then measured and compared. RESULTS hMSCs cultured with ischemic rat brain extract showed increased production of BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and HGF (hepatocyte growth factor). Ex vivo treatment with trophic factors led to a further increase in the production of the trophic factor by hMSC, suggesting autocrine regulation of hMSCs. The morphology and expression of surface markers of hMSCs were not changed, but the cell viability and cell proliferation ability increased after treatment with trophic factors. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that hMSCs provide trophic support to the ischemic brain, which can be enhanced by ex vivo treatment of trophic factors during cultivation of hMSCs.
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Hofer EL, Labovsky V, La Russa V, Vallone VF, Honegger AE, Belloc CG, Wen HC, Bordenave RH, Bullorsky EO, Feldman L, Chasseing NA. Mesenchymal stromal cells, colony-forming unit fibroblasts, from bone marrow of untreated advanced breast and lung cancer patients suppress fibroblast colony formation from healthy marrow. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:359-70. [PMID: 19388812 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2008.0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown that bone marrow (BM) from untreated advanced lung and breast cancer patients (LCP and BCP) have a reduced number of colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-Fs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Factors that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of CFU-F are produced by the patients' BM microenvironment. We have now examined whether conditioned media (CM) from patients' CFU-F-derived stromal cells also inhibits the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) of CFU-F in primary cultures from healthy volunteers (HV)-BM. Thus the number and proliferation potential of HV-CFU-F were also found to be decreased and similar to colony numbers and colony size of patients' CFU-F. Stromal cells from both of these types of colonies appeared relatively larger and lacked the characteristic spindle morphology typically seen in healthy stromal cells. We developed an arbitrary mesenchymal stromal cell maturational index by taking three measures consisting of stromal cell surface area, longitudinal and horizontal axis. All stromal indices derived from HV-CFU-F grown in patients' CM were similar to those from stromal elements derived from patients' CFU-F. These indices were markedly higher than stromal indices typical of HV-CFU-F cultured in healthy CM or standard medium [alpha-medium plus 20% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS)]. Patients' CM had increased concentrations of the CFU-F inhibitor, GM-CSF, and low levels of bFGF and Dkk-1, strong promoters of self-renewal of MSCs, compared to the levels quantified in CM from HV-CFU-F. Moreover, the majority of patients' MSCs were unresponsive in standard medium and healthy CM to give CFU-F, indicating that the majority of mesenchymal stromal cells from patients' CFU-F are locked in maturational arrest. These results show that alterations of GM-CSF, bFGF, and Dkk-1 are associated with deficient cloning and maturation arrest of CFU-F. Defective autocrine and paracrine mechanisms may be involved in the BM microenvironments of LCP and BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Leonor Hofer
- Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica, Tecnológica y de Innovación Productiva, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Aguirre MV, Todaro JS, Juaristi JA, Brandan NC. Murine erythropoietic impairment induced by paclitaxel: Interactions of GATA-1 and erythroid Krüppel-like transcription factors, apoptotic related proteins and erythropoietin receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 636:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2009] [Revised: 01/30/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Mayani H. Biological Differences Between Neonatal and Adult Human Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:285-98. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hector Mayani
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
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Ostronoff LK, Kremmer E, Fermín ML, Fragío C, Mysliwietz J, Kolb HJ, Tejero C. Canine stem cell factor augments expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by CD34 cells. Cytotherapy 2008; 10:193-202. [PMID: 18368598 DOI: 10.1080/14653240701827407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine models have proved to be predictive of clinical findings in human bone marrow (BM) transplantation; consequently, the utilization of dogs is an excellent tool for supporting therapeutic purposes. Considering the role of growth factors in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors, the aim of this work was to evaluate whether canine stem cell factor (cSCF) contributes to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 secretion by CD34 cells. METHODS The study was carried out in a cell population selected by immunomagnetic techniques using the anti-canine CD34 monoclonal antibody (MAb) 3B4 produced by us. Secretion of MMP-9 was evaluated by zymography. RESULTS Analyzes of canine CD34(+) cells guaranteed that the MAb 3B4 was optimum for selecting a subset population with defined characteristics of primitive hematopoietic cells. The isolated cells were able to proliferate onto irradiated pre-established stroma, giving rise to mature neutrophils. There was also a 20-fold enrichment in the long-term culture-initiating cell content when the isolated population was added to irradiated cultures, with respect to the starting mononuclear cell population. DISCUSSION We have provided the first evidence that canine BM CD34(+) cells constitutively express MMP-9 and the role of cSCF in up-regulating the secretion of this enzyme. The fact that cSCF augments expression of MMP-9 together with the ability of the isolated CD34(+)cells to proliferate onto irradiated pre-established stroma enables further investigations to determine whether the secretion of MMP-9 mediated by cSCF is one of the factors that enhance migration, homing and repopulation of primitive hemopoietic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Ostronoff
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Hamilton JA, Whitty G, Masendycz P, Wilson NJ, Jackson J, De Nardo D, Scholz GM. The Critical Role of the Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor in the Differentiation of Myeloblastic Leukemia Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2008; 6:458-67. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-07-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Seidel J, Niggemann B, Punzel M, Fischer J, Zänker KS, Dittmar T. The neurotransmitter GABA is a potent inhibitor of the stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha induced migration of adult CD133+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 2008; 16:827-36. [PMID: 17999603 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2007.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to migrate is a prerequisite for bone marrow homing and tissue regeneration processes. Induction of HSPC migration is chiefly directed by stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha). Considerably less is known about factors that terminate HSPC migration. Adult CD133(+) HSPCs were isolated from mobilized peripheral blood by immunomagnetic separation. Cell migration was assessed using the three-dimensional collagen matrix migration assay, which allows detailed migration analysis on a cell population and single-cell level. The SDF-1alpha-induced locomotory activity of CD133(+) cells was efficiently blocked by the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA signaling was effected via the GABA(B)-receptor. This was verified by flow cytometry and cell migration studies using the specific GABA(A)-receptor and GABA(B)-receptor agonists isoguvacine and baclofen, respectively. Baclofen blocked SDF-1alpha-induced migration of CD133(+) cells. Flow cytometry-based calcium measurements revealed that GABA inhibits the SDF-1alpha-induced migration of CD133(+) cells by blocking the SDF-1alpha-induced calcium influx. Similar results were obtained with the specific calcium-release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel inhibitor BTP-2, which both blocked the SDF-1alpha-induced calcium influx and migration of CD133(+) cells. These results suggest that GABA(B)-receptor signaling modulates the activity of CRAC channels, whereby the mechanism in detail remains unclear. In summary, the neurotransmitter GABA is a potent blocker of the SDF-1alpha-induced migration of CD133(+) HSPCs from mobilized peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Seidel
- Institute of Immunology, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448 Witten, Germany
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Tei K, Matsumoto T, Mifune Y, Ishida K, Sasaki K, Shoji T, Kubo S, Kawamoto A, Asahara T, Kurosaka M, Kuroda R. Administrations of peripheral blood CD34-positive cells contribute to medial collateral ligament healing via vasculogenesis. Stem Cells 2008; 26:819-30. [PMID: 18192236 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neoangiogenesis is a key process in the initial phase of ligament healing. Adult human circulating CD34+ cells, an endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor-enriched cell population, have been reported to contribute to neoangiogenesis; however, the therapeutic potential of CD34+ cells for ligament healing is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a series of experiments to test our hypothesis that ligament healing is supported by CD34+ cells via vasculogenesis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood (GM-PB) CD34+ cells with atelocollagen (CD34+ group), GM-PB mononuclear cells (MNCs) with atelocollagen (MNC group), or atelocollagen alone (control group) was locally transplanted after the creation of medial collateral ligament injury in immunodeficient rats. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining at the injury site demonstrated that molecular and histological expression of human-specific markers for endothelial cells was higher in the CD34+ group compared with the other groups at week 1. Endogenous effect, assessed by capillary density and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, was significantly higher in CD34+ cell group than the other groups. In addition to the observation that, as assessed by real-time RT-PCR, gene expression of ligament-specific marker was significantly higher in the CD34+ group than in the other groups, ligament healing assessed by macroscopic, histological, and biomechanical examination was significantly enhanced by CD34+ cell transplantation compared with the other groups. Our data strongly suggest that local transplantation of circulating human CD34+ cells may augment the ligament healing process by promoting a favorable environment through neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsumasa Tei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
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47
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Yamada H, Sekikawa T, Iwase S, Arakawa Y, Suzuki H, Agawa M, Akiyama M, Takeda N, Horiguchi-Yamada J. Segregation of megakaryocytic or erythroid cells from a megakaryocytic leukemia cell line (JAS-R) by adhesion during culture. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1537-43. [PMID: 17383723 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion is one of the important biologic characteristics of leukemic cells. We previously reported a new megakaryocytic-erythroid cell line, JAS-R. In this study, JAS-R cells were segregated into two types by the differences of attachment to culture dishes. One type (designated as JAS-RAD cells) adhered to the substratum of the culture dishes, while the other (JAS-REN cells) grew as a single-cell suspension. Adhesion of JAS-RAD was inhibited by treatment with RGDS oligopeptide. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that JAS-RAD cells had high expression of CD41a and CD61 versus low CD235a expression, and JAS-REN showed low expression of CD41a, and CD61, and high CD235a. The two phenotypes were reciprocally exchangeable by selecting adherent or suspended cells from each type of culture. Microarray analysis and RT-PCR revealed that JAS-RAD cells expressed four major alpha-granule genes and JAS-REN cells expressed beta-globin. Interestingly, erythropoietin was only secreted by JAS-RAD cells. With regard to transcription factors, it was shown that GFI1, FLI1 and RUNX1 were strongly expressed in JAS-RAD cells while GATA1, FOG1 and NFE2 were equally expressed by both types. These findings indicate that adhesion via integrins is related to the phenotypic shift of JAS-R cells between megakaryocytic and erythroid lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Yamada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of DNA Medicine, The Jikei University, School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shinbashi, Tokyo, Japan.
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48
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Baksh D, Tuan RS. Canonical and non-canonical Wnts differentially affect the development potential of primary isolate of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2007; 212:817-26. [PMID: 17458904 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the role of Wnt signaling events in regulating the differential potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult bone marrow (BM). Immunohistochemical analysis of BM revealed co-localization of Wnt5a protein, a non-canonical Wnt, with CD45(+) cells and CD45(-) STRO-1(+) cells, while Wnt3a expression, a canonical Wnt, was associated with the underlying stroma matrix, suggesting that Wnts may regulate MSCs in their niche in BM. To elucidate the role of Wnts in MSC development, adult human BM-derived mononuclear cells were maintained as suspension cultures to recapitulate the marrow cellular environment, in serum-free, with the addition of Wnt3a and Wnt5a protein. Results showed that Wnt3a increased cell numbers and expanded the pool of MSCs capable of colony forming unit -- fibroblast (CFU-F) and CFU -- osteoblast (O), while Wnt5a maintained cell numbers and CFU-F and CFU-O numbers. However, when cells were cultured directly onto tissue culture plastic, Wnt5a increased the number of CFU-O relative to control conditions. These findings suggest the potential dual role of Wnt5a in the maintenance of MSCs in BM and enhancing osteogenesis ex vivo. Our work provides evidence that Wnts can function as mesenchymal regulatory factors by providing instructive cues for the recruitment, maintenance, and differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Baksh
- Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch, National Institute of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department and Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Piccoli C, D'Aprile A, Ripoli M, Scrima R, Boffoli D, Tabilio A, Capitanio N. The hypoxia-inducible factor is stabilized in circulating hematopoietic stem cells under normoxic conditions. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3111-9. [PMID: 17568584 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 05/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcriptional system enables cell adaptation to limited O(2) availability, transducing this signal into patho-physiological responses such as angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, vasomotor control, and altered energy metabolism, as well as cell survival decisions. However, other factors beyond hypoxia are known to activate this pleiotropic transcription factor. The aim of this study was to characterize HIF in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and evidence is provided that granulocyte colony stimulating factor-mobilized CD34+- and CD133+-HSCs express a stabilized cytoplasmic form of HIF-1alpha under normoxic conditions. It is shown that HIF-1alpha stabilization correlates with down-regulation of the tumour suppressor von Hippel-Lindau protein (pVHL) and is positively controlled by NADPH-oxidase-dependent production of reactive oxygen species, indicating a specific O(2)-independent post-transcriptional control of HIF in mobilized HSCs. This novel finding is discussed in the context of the proposed role of HIF as a mediator of progenitor cell recruitment to injured ischemic tissues and/or in the control of the maintenance of the undifferentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Piccoli
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Matsumoto T, Kawamoto A, Kuroda R, Ishikawa M, Mifune Y, Iwasaki H, Miwa M, Horii M, Hayashi S, Oyamada A, Nishimura H, Murasawa S, Doita M, Kurosaka M, Asahara T. Therapeutic potential of vasculogenesis and osteogenesis promoted by peripheral blood CD34-positive cells for functional bone healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:1440-57. [PMID: 17003498 PMCID: PMC1698844 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Failures in fracture healing are mainly caused by a lack of vascularization. Adult human circulating CD34+ cells, an endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor-enriched cell population, have been reported to differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro; however, the therapeutic potential of CD34+ cells for fracture healing is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a series of experiments to test our hypothesis that functional fracture healing is supported by vasculogenesis and osteogenesis via regenerative plasticity of CD34+ cells. Peripheral blood CD34+ cells, isolated from total mononuclear cells of adult human volunteers, showed gene expression of osteocalcin in 4 of 20 freshly isolated cells by single cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Phosphate-buffered saline, mononuclear cells, or CD34+ cells were intravenously transplanted after producing nonhealing femoral fractures in nude rats. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining at the peri-fracture site demonstrated molecular and histological expression of human-specific markers for endothelial cells and osteoblasts at week 2. Functional bone healing assessed by biomechanical as well as radiological and histological examinations was significantly enhanced by CD34+ cell transplantation compared with the other groups. Our data suggest circulating human CD34+ cells have therapeutic potential to promote an environment conducive to neovascularization and osteogenesis in damaged skeletal tissue, allowing the complete healing of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Stem Cell Translational Research, Kobe Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation/Riken Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047
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