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Jin Y, Christenson ES, Zheng L, Li K. Neutrophils in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: bridging preclinical insights to clinical prospects for improved therapeutic strategies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38690749 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2348605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy characterized by a dismal five-year survival rate of less than 10%. Neutrophils are key components of the innate immune system, playing a pivotal role in the PDAC immune microenvironment. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive survey of the pivotal involvement of neutrophils in the tumorigenesis and progression of PDAC. Furthermore, it synthesizes preclinical and clinical explorations aimed at targeting neutrophils within the milieu of PDAC, subsequently proposing a conceptual framework to propel further inquiry focused on enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of PDAC through neutrophil-targeted strategies. PubMed and Web of Science databases were utilized for researching neutrophils in pancreatic cancer publications prior to 2024. EXPERT OPINION Neutrophils play roles in promoting tumor growth and metastasis in PDAC and are associated with poor prognosis. However, the heterogeneity and plasticity of neutrophils and their complex relationships with other immune cells and extracellular matrix also provide new insights for immunotherapy targeting neutrophils to achieve a better prognosis for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jin
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Eric S Christenson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Zheng
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Cancer Convergence Institute at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keyu Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Pancreatic Cancer Precision Medicine Center of Excellence Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Skip Viragh Pancreatic Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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2
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Leonard A, Weiss MJ. Hematopoietic stem cell collection for sickle cell disease gene therapy. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:104-114. [PMID: 38359264 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Gene therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) is advancing rapidly, with two transformative products recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and numerous others under study. All current gene therapy protocols require ex vivo modification of autologous hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, several SCD-related problems impair HSC collection, including a stressed and damaged bone marrow, potential cytotoxicity by the major therapeutic drug hydroxyurea, and inability to use granulocyte colony stimulating factor, which can precipitate severe vaso-occlusive events. RECENT FINDINGS Peripheral blood mobilization of HSCs using the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor followed by apheresis collection was recently shown to be safe and effective for most SCD patients and is the current strategy for mobilizing HSCs. However, exceptionally large numbers of HSCs are required to manufacture an adequate cellular product, responses to plerixafor are variable, and most patients require multiple mobilization cycles, increasing the risk for adverse events. For some, gene therapy is prohibited by the failure to obtain adequate numbers of HSCs. SUMMARY Here we review the current knowledge on HSC collection from individuals with SCD and potential improvements that may enhance the safety, efficacy, and availability of gene therapy for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Leonard
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Hoy SM. Motixafortide: First Approval. Drugs 2023; 83:1635-1643. [PMID: 37996648 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01962-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Motixafortide (APHEXDATM) is a selective C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) inhibitor being developed by BioLineRx under licence from Biokine Therapeutics for the mobilization of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the treatment of various cancers. On 11 September 2023, motixafortide was approved in the USA for use in combination with filgrastim [granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)] to mobilize HSCs to the peripheral blood for collection and subsequent autologous transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma. Motixafortide has been granted Orphan Drug Designation for the treatment of pancreatic cancer in the EU and the USA, and for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia in the USA. Clinical development is ongoing for the mobilization of CD34+ HSCs for gene therapy in patients with sickle cell disease. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of motixafortide leading to this first approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheridan M Hoy
- Springer Nature, Private Bag 65901, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
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4
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Sukhtankar DD, Fung JJ, Kim MN, Cayton T, Chiou V, Caculitan NG, Zalicki P, Kim S, Jo Y, Kim S, Lee JM, Choi J, Mun S, Chin A, Jang Y, Lee JY, Kim G, Kim EH, Huh WK, Jeong JY, Seen DS, Cardarelli PM. GPC-100, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, improves in vivo hematopoietic cell mobilization when combined with propranolol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287863. [PMID: 37878624 PMCID: PMC10599528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) is increasingly used to treat hematological malignancies. A key requisite for ASCT is mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood, where they are collected by apheresis and stored for later transplantation. However, success is often hindered by poor mobilization due to factors including prior treatments. The combination of G-CSF and GPC-100, a small molecule antagonist of CXCR4, showed potential in a multiple myeloma clinical trial for sufficient and rapid collection of CD34+ stem cells, compared to the historical results from the standards of care, G-CSF alone or G-CSF with plerixafor, also a CXCR4 antagonist. In the present study, we show that GPC-100 has high affinity towards the chemokine receptor CXCR4, and it potently inhibits β-arrestin recruitment, calcium flux and cell migration mediated by its ligand CXCL12. Proximity Ligation Assay revealed that in native cell systems with endogenous receptor expression, CXCR4 co-localizes with the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR). Co-treatment with CXCL12 and the β2AR agonist epinephrine synergistically increases β-arrestin recruitment to CXCR4 and calcium flux. This increase is blocked by the co-treatment with GPC-100 and propranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker, indicating a functional synergy. In mice, GPC-100 mobilized more white blood cells into peripheral blood compared to plerixafor. GPC-100 induced mobilization was further amplified by propranolol pretreatment and was comparable to mobilization by G-CSF. Addition of propranolol to the G-CSF and GPC-100 combination resulted in greater stem cell mobilization than the G-CSF and plerixafor combination. Together, our studies suggest that the combination of GPC-100 and propranolol is a novel strategy for stem cell mobilization and support the current clinical trial in multiple myeloma registered as NCT05561751 at www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devki D. Sukhtankar
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Juan José Fung
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Mi-na Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas Cayton
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Valerie Chiou
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Niña G. Caculitan
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Piotr Zalicki
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Sujeong Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Jo
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SoHui Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Choi
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ashley Chin
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
| | - Yongdae Jang
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Lee
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gowoon Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Kim
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Huh
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- GPCR Therapeutics Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Pina M. Cardarelli
- GPCR Therapeutics USA, Inc., Redwood City, California, United States of America
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5
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Crees ZD, Rettig MP, Bashey A, Devine SM, Jaglowski S, Wan F, Zhou A, Harding M, Vainstein-Haras A, Sorani E, Gliko-Kabir I, Grossman BJ, Westervelt P, DiPersio JF, Uy GL. Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization for allogeneic stem cell transplantation by motixafortide, a novel CXCR4 inhibitor. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5210-5214. [PMID: 37327120 PMCID: PMC10500469 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Crees
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael P. Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Asad Bashey
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Northside Hospital, Atlanta, GA
| | - Steven M. Devine
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Samantha Jaglowski
- Division of Hematology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Fei Wan
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Amy Zhou
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Melinda Harding
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | | | - Brenda J. Grossman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Geoffrey L. Uy
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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6
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Bao S, Darvishi M, H Amin A, Al-Haideri MT, Patra I, Kashikova K, Ahmad I, Alsaikhan F, Al-Qaim ZH, Al-Gazally ME, Kiasari BA, Tavakoli-Far B, Sidikov AA, Mustafa YF, Akhavan-Sigari R. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) blockade in cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:7945-7968. [PMID: 36905421 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) is a member of the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily and is specific for CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12, also known as SDF-1), which makes CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. CXCR4 interacts with its ligand, triggering downstream signaling pathways that influence cell proliferation chemotaxis, migration, and gene expression. The interaction also regulates physiological processes, including hematopoiesis, organogenesis, and tissue repair. Multiple evidence revealed that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is implicated in several pathways involved in carcinogenesis and plays a key role in tumor growth, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Several CXCR4-targeting compounds have been discovered and used for preclinical and clinical cancer therapy, most of which have shown promising anti-tumor activity. In this review, we summarized the physiological signaling of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and described the role of this axis in tumor progression, and focused on the potential therapeutic options and strategies to block CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Bao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Xuzhou Medical University, 221000, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medicinal Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali H Amin
- Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Maysoon T Al-Haideri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Indrajit Patra
- An Independent Researcher, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsaikhan
- College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Bahman Abedi Kiasari
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahareh Tavakoli-Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Akmal A Sidikov
- Rector, Ferghana Medical Institute of Public Health, Ferghana, Uzbekistan
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, 41001, Iraq
| | - Reza Akhavan-Sigari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Health Care Management and Clinical Research, Collegium Humanum Warsaw Management University, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Crees ZD, Rettig MP, DiPersio JF. Innovations in hematopoietic stem-cell mobilization: a review of the novel CXCR4 inhibitor motixafortide. Ther Adv Hematol 2023; 14:20406207231174304. [PMID: 37250913 PMCID: PMC10214082 DOI: 10.1177/20406207231174304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HCT) and stem-cell-based gene therapies rely on the ability to collect sufficient CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), typically via peripheral blood mobilization. Commonly used HSPC mobilization regimens include single-agent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), plerixafor, chemotherapy, or a combination of these agents. These regimens, however, frequently require multiple days of injections and leukapheresis procedures to collect adequate HSPCs for HCT (minimum = >2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg; optimal = 5-6 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg). In addition, these regimens frequently yield suboptimal CD34+ HSPC numbers for HSPC-based gene-edited therapies, given the significantly higher HSPC number needed for successful gene-editing and manufacturing. Meanwhile, G-CSF is associated with common adverse events such as bone pain as well as an increased risk of rare but potentially life-threatening splenic rupture. Moreover, G-CSF is unsafe in patients with sickle-cell disease, a key patient population that may benefit from autologous HSPC-based gene-edited therapies, where it has been associated with unacceptable rates of serious vaso-occlusive and thrombotic events. Motixafortide is a novel CXCR4 inhibitor with extended in vivo activity (>48 h) that has been shown in preclinical and clinical trials to rapidly mobilize robust numbers of HSPCs in preparation for HCT, while preferentially mobilizing increased numbers of more primitive HSPCs by immunophenotyping and single-cell RNA expression profiling. In this review, we present a history of stem-cell mobilization and update of recent innovations in novel mobilization strategies with a specific focus on the development of motixafortide, a long-acting CXCR4 inhibitor, as a novel HSPC mobilizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D. Crees
- Division of Oncology, School of Medicine,
Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8007,
St. Louis, MO 63131, USA
| | - Michael P. Rettig
- Division of Oncology, School of Medicine,
Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, School of Medicine,
Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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8
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Marayati R, Julson J, Bownes LV, Quinn CH, Stafman LL, Beierle AM, Markert HR, Hutchins SC, Stewart JE, Crossman DK, Hjelmeland AB, Mroczek-Musulman E, Beierle EA. PIM3 kinase promotes tumor metastasis in hepatoblastoma by upregulating cell surface expression of chemokine receptor cxcr4. Clin Exp Metastasis 2022; 39:899-912. [PMID: 36315303 PMCID: PMC9753553 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-022-10186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients presenting with metastatic hepatoblastoma have limited treatment options and survival rates as low as 25%. We previously demonstrated that Proviral Integration site in Maloney murine leukemia virus 3 (PIM3) kinase promotes tumorigenesis and cancer cell stemness in hepatoblastoma. In this study, we assessed the role of PIM3 kinase in promoting hepatoblastoma metastasis. We utilized a tail vein injection model of metastasis to evaluate the effect of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PIM3 knockout, stable overexpression of PIM3, and pharmacologic PIM inhibition on the formation of lung metastasis. In vivo studies revealed PIM3 knockout impaired the formation of lung metastasis: 5 out of 6 mice injected with wild type hepatoblastoma cells developed lung metastasis while none of the 7 mice injected with PIM3 knockout hepatoblastoma cells developed lung metastasis. PIM3 overexpression in hepatoblastoma increased the pulmonary metastatic burden in mice and mechanistically, upregulated the phosphorylation and cell surface expression of CXCR4, a key receptor in the progression of cancer cell metastasis. CXCR4 blockade with AMD3100 decreased the metastatic phenotype of PIM3 overexpressing cells, indicating that CXCR4 contributed to PIM3's promotion of hepatoblastoma metastasis. Clinically, PIM3 expression correlated positively with CXCR4 expression in primary hepatoblastoma tissues. In conclusion, we have shown PIM3 kinase promotes the metastatic phenotype of hepatoblastoma cells through upregulation of CXCR4 cell surface expression and these findings suggest that targeting PIM3 kinase may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for metastatic hepatoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoud Marayati
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Janet Julson
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura V Bownes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Colin H Quinn
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura L Stafman
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Andee M Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hooper R Markert
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sara C Hutchins
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jerry E Stewart
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- , 1600 7th Ave South Lowder Room 300, 35233, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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9
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Targeting CXCR4 and CD47 Receptors: An Overview of New and Old Molecules for a Biological Personalized Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012499. [PMID: 36293358 PMCID: PMC9604048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological therapy, with its multifaceted applications, has revolutionized the treatment of tumors, mainly due to its ability to exclusively target cancer cells and reduce the adverse effects on normal tissues. This review focuses on the therapies targeting the CXCR4 and CD47 receptors. We surveyed the results of early clinical trials testing compounds classified as nonpeptides, small peptides, CXCR4 antagonists or specific antibodies whose activity reduces or completely blocks the intracellular signaling pathways and cell proliferation. We then examined antibodies and fusion proteins against CD47, the receptor that acts as a “do not eat me” signal to phagocytes escaping immune surveillance. Despite these molecules being tested in early clinical trials, some drawbacks are emerging that impair their use in practice. Finally, we examined the ImmunoGenic Surrender mechanism that involves crosstalk and co-internalization of CXCR4 and CD47 upon engagement of CXCR4 by ligands or other molecules. The favorable effect of such compounds is dual as CD47 surface reduction impact on the immune response adds to the block of CXCR4 proliferative potential. These results suggest that a combination of different therapeutic approaches has more beneficial effects on patients’ survival and may pave the way for new accomplishments in personalized anticancer therapy.
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10
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Nengroo MA, Khan MA, Verma A, Datta D. Demystifying the CXCR4 conundrum in cancer biology: Beyond the surface signaling paradigm. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188790. [PMID: 36058380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The oncogenic chemokine duo CXCR4-CXCL12/SDF-1 (C-X-C Receptor 4-C-X-C Ligand 12/ Stromal-derived factor 1) has been the topic of intense scientific disquisitions since Muller et al., in her ground-breaking research, described this axis as a critical determinant of organ-specific metastasis in breast cancer. Elevated CXCR4 levels correlate with distant metastases, poor prognosis, and unfavourable outcomes in most solid tumors. Therapeutic impediment of the axis in clinics with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved inhibitors like AMD3100 or Plerixafor yield dubious results, contrary to pre-clinical developments. Clinical trials entailing inhibition of CXCR7 (C-X-C Receptor 7), another convicted chemokine receptor that exhibits affinity for CXCL12, reveal outcomes analogous to that of CXCR4-CXCL12 axis blockade. Of note, the cellular CXCR4 knockout phenotype varies largely from that of inhibitor treatments. These shaky findings pique great curiosity to delve further into the realm of this infamous chemokine receptor to provide a probable explanation. A multitude of recent reports suggests the presence of an increased intracellular CXCR4 pool in various cancers, both cytoplasmic and nuclear. This intracellular CXCR4 protein reserve seems active as it correlates with vital tumor attributes, viz. prognosis, aggressiveness, metastasis, and disease-free survival. Diminishing this entire intracellular CXCR4 load apart from the surface signals looks encouraging from a therapeutic point of view. Transcending beyond the classically accepted concept of ligand-mediated surface signaling, this review sheds new light on plausible associations of intracellularly compartmentalised CXCR4 with various aspects of tumorigenesis. Besides, this review also puts forward a comprehensive account of CXCR4 regulation in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad Nengroo
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Muqtada Ali Khan
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Ayushi Verma
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Dipak Datta
- Division of Cancer Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow-226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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11
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Skorupan N, Palestino Dominguez M, Ricci SL, Alewine C. Clinical Strategies Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4209. [PMID: 36077755 PMCID: PMC9454553 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a complex tumor microenvironment which engages in extensive crosstalk between cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells. Many of these interactions contribute to tumor resistance to anti-cancer therapies. Here, new therapeutic strategies designed to modulate the cancer-associated fibroblast and immune compartments of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas are described and clinical trials of novel therapeutics are discussed. Continued advances in our understanding of the pancreatic cancer tumor microenvironment are generating stromal and immune-modulating therapeutics that may improve patient responses to anti-tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Skorupan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Medical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mayrel Palestino Dominguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Samuel L. Ricci
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christine Alewine
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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12
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Zhao R, Liu J, Li Z, Zhang W, Wang F, Zhang B. Recent Advances in CXCL12/CXCR4 Antagonists and Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081541. [PMID: 35893797 PMCID: PMC9332179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines can induce chemotactic cell migration by interacting with G protein-coupled receptors to play a significant regulatory role in the development of cancer. CXC chemokine-12 (CXCL12) can specifically bind to CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and is closely associated with the progression of cancer via multiple signaling pathways. Over recent years, many CXCR4 antagonists have been tested in clinical trials; however, Plerixafor (AMD3100) is the only drug that has been approved for marketing thus far. In this review, we first summarize the mechanisms that mediate the physiological effects of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Then, we describe the use of CXCL12/CXCR4 antagonists. Finally, we discuss the use of nano-based drug delivery systems that exert action on the CXCL12/CXCR4 biological axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Feng Wang
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-536-8462490 (B.Z.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- Correspondence: (F.W.); (B.Z.); Tel.: +86-536-8462490 (B.Z.)
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13
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene-Addition/Editing Therapy in Sickle Cell Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111843. [PMID: 35681538 PMCID: PMC9180595 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-targeted gene therapy provides a one-time cure for various genetic diseases including sickle cell disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia. SCD is caused by a point mutation (20A > T) in the β-globin gene. Since SCD is the most common single-gene disorder, curing SCD is a primary goal in HSC gene therapy. β-thalassemia results from either the absence or the reduction of β-globin expression, and it can be cured using similar strategies. In HSC gene-addition therapy, patient CD34+ HSCs are genetically modified by adding a therapeutic β-globin gene with lentiviral transduction, followed by autologous transplantation. Alternatively, novel gene-editing therapies allow for the correction of the mutated β-globin gene, instead of addition. Furthermore, these diseases can be cured by γ-globin induction based on gene addition/editing in HSCs. In this review, we discuss HSC-targeted gene therapy in SCD with gene addition as well as gene editing.
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14
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Mehrpouri M. The contributory roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in normal and malignant hematopoiesis: A possible therapeutic target in hematologic malignancies. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 920:174831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Cao Q, Huang C, Yi H, Gill AJ, Chou A, Foley M, Hosking CG, Lim KK, Triffon CF, Shi Y, Chen XM, Pollock CA. A single domain i-body (AD-114) attenuates renal fibrosis through blockade of CXCR4. JCI Insight 2022; 7:143018. [PMID: 35015734 PMCID: PMC8876455 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein–coupled CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a candidate therapeutic target for tissue fibrosis. A fully human single-domain antibody-like scaffold i-body AD-114-PA600 (AD-114) with specific high binding affinity to CXCR4 has been developed. To define its renoprotective role, AD-114 was administrated in a mouse model of renal fibrosis induced by folic acid (FA). Increased extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, macrophage infiltration, inflammatory response, TGF-β1 expression, and fibroblast activation were observed in kidneys of mice with FA-induced nephropathy. These markers were normalized or partially reversed by AD-114 treatment. In vitro studies demonstrated AD-114 blocked TGF-β1–induced upregulated expression of ECM, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and downstream p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways in a renal proximal tubular cell line. Additionally, these renoprotective effects were validated in a second model of unilateral ureteral obstruction using a second generation of AD-114 (Fc-fused AD-114, also named AD-214). Collectively, these results suggest a renoprotective role of AD-114 as it inhibited the chemotactic function of CXCR4 as well as blocked CXCR4 downstream p38 MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, which establish a therapeutic strategy for AD-114 targeting CXCR4 to limit renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Cao
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chunling Huang
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hao Yi
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Foley
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris G Hosking
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kevin K Lim
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cristina F Triffon
- The Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ying Shi
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Bilgin YM. Use of Plerixafor for Stem Cell Mobilization in the Setting of Autologous and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantations: An Update. J Blood Med 2021; 12:403-412. [PMID: 34104027 PMCID: PMC8180285 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s307520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mobilization failure is an important issue in stem cell transplantations. Stem cells are yielded from the peripheral blood via apheresis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the most commonly used mobilization agent among patients and donors. G-CSF is administered subcutaneously for multiple days. However, patients with mobilization failure cannot receive autologous stem cell transplantation and, therefore, cannot be treated adequately. The incidence rate of mobilization failure among patients is about 6–23%. Plerixafor is a molecule that inhibits the binding of chemokine receptor-4 with stromal-cell-derived factor-1, thereby resulting in the release of CD34+ cells in the peripheral blood. Currently, plerixafor is used in patients with mobilization failure with G-CSF and is administered subcutaneously. Several studies conducted on different clinical settings have shown that plerixafor is effective and well tolerated by patients. However, more studies should be conducted to explore the optimal approach for plerixafor in patients with mobilization failure. The incidence of mobilization failure among donors is lower. However, plerixafor is not approved among donors with mobilization failure. Moreover, several clinical studies in donors have shown a beneficial effect of plerixafor. In addition, the adverse events of plerixafor are mild and transient, which can overcome the adverse events due to G-CSF. This review assessed the current role and effects of plerixafor in stem cell mobilization for autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz M Bilgin
- Department of Internal Medicine/Hematology, Admiraal de Ruijter Hospital, Goes, the Netherlands
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17
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Su L, Hu Z, Yang YG. Role of CXCR4 in the progression and therapy of acute leukaemia. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13076. [PMID: 34050566 PMCID: PMC8249790 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is expressed on leukaemia cells and haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and its ligand stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is produced abundantly by stromal cells in the bone marrow (BM). The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays important roles in homing to and retention in the protective BM microenvironment of malignant leukaemia cells and normal HSCs. CXCR4 expression is regulated by multiple mechanisms and the level of CXCR4 expression on leukaemia cells has prognostic indications in patients with acute leukaemia. CXCR4 antagonists can mobilize leukaemia cells from BM to circulation, which render them effectively eradicated by chemotherapeutic agents, small molecular inhibitors or hypomethylating agents. Therefore, such combinational therapies have been tested in clinical trials. However, new evidence emerged that drug-resistant leukaemia cells were not affected by CXCR4 antagonists, and the migration of certain leukaemia cells to the leukaemia niche was independent of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. In this review, we summarize the role of CXCR4 in progression and treatment of acute leukaemia, with a focus on the potential of CXCR4 as a therapeutic target for acute leukaemia. We also discuss the potential value of using CXCR4 antagonists as chemosensitizer for conditioning regimens and immunosensitizer for graft-vs-leukaemia effects of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Su
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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18
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Luo C, Wang L, Wu G, Huang X, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Xie M, Sun Y, Huang Y, Huang Z, Song Q, Li H, Hou Y, Li X, Xu S, Chen J. Comparison of the efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization regimens: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of preclinical studies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:310. [PMID: 34051862 PMCID: PMC8164253 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02379-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobilization failure may occur when the conventional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) mobilization agent granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used alone, new regimens were developed to improve mobilization efficacy. Multiple studies have been performed to investigate the efficacy of these regimens via animal models, but the results are inconsistent. We aim to compare the efficacy of different HSC mobilization regimens and identify new promising regimens with a network meta-analysis of preclinical studies. METHODS We searched Medline and Embase databases for the eligible animal studies that compared the efficacy of different HSC mobilization regimens. Primary outcome is the number of total colony-forming cells (CFCs) in per milliliter of peripheral blood (/ml PB), and the secondary outcome is the number of Lin- Sca1+ Kit+ (LSK) cells/ml PB. Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed following the guidelines of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Decision Support Unit (NICE DSU) with WinBUGS version 1.4.3. G-CSF-based regimens were classified into the SD (standard dose, 200-250 μg/kg/day) group and the LD (low dose, 100-150 μg/kg/day) group based on doses, and were classified into the short-term (2-3 days) group and the long-term (4-5 days) group based on administration duration. Long-term SD G-CSF was chosen as the reference treatment. Results are presented as the mean differences (MD) with the associated 95% credibility interval (95% CrI) for each regimen. RESULTS We included 95 eligible studies and reviewed the efficacy of 94 mobilization agents. Then 21 studies using the poor mobilizer mice model (C57BL/6 mice) to investigate the efficacy of different mobilization regimens were included for network meta-analysis. Network meta-analyses indicated that compared with long-term SD G-CSF alone, 14 regimens including long-term SD G-CSF + Me6, long-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100 + EP80031, long-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100 + FG-4497, long-term SD G-CSF + ML141, long-term SD G-CSF + desipramine, AMD3100 + meloxicam, long-term SD G-CSF + reboxetine, AMD3100 + VPC01091, long-term SD G-CSF + FG-4497, Me6, long-term SD G-CSF + EP80031, POL5551, long-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100, AMD1300 + EP80031 and long-term LD G-CSF + meloxicam significantly increased the collections of total CFCs. G-CSF + Me6 ranked first among these regimens in consideration of the number of harvested CFCs/ml PB (MD 2168.0, 95% CrI 2062.0-2272.0). In addition, 7 regimens including long-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100, AMD3100 + EP80031, long-term SD G-CSF + EP80031, short-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100 + IL-33, long-term SD G-CSF + ML141, short-term LD G-CSF + ARL67156, and long-term LD G-CSF + meloxicam significantly increased the collections of LSK cells compared with G-CSF alone. Long-term SD G-CSF + AMD3100 ranked first among these regimens in consideration of the number of harvested LSK cells/ml PB (MD 2577.0, 95% CrI 2422.0-2733.0). CONCLUSIONS Considering the number of CFC and LSK cells in PB as outcomes, G-CSF plus AMD3100, Me6, EP80031, ML141, FG-4497, IL-33, ARL67156, meloxicam, desipramine, and reboxetine are all promising mobilizing regimens for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxin Luo
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixian Wu
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangtao Huang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Ma
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingling Xie
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanni Sun
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yarui Huang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyue Song
- Department of Health Statistics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Shuangnian Xu
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jieping Chen
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, #30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Carter BZ, Mak PY, Tao W, Warmoes M, Lorenzi PL, Mak D, Ruvolo V, Tan L, Cidado J, Drew L, Andreeff M. Targeting MCL-1 dysregulates cell metabolism and leukemia-stroma interactions and resensitizes acute myeloid leukemia to BCL-2 inhibition. Haematologica 2020; 107:58-76. [PMID: 33353284 PMCID: PMC8719086 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.260331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
MCL-1 and BCL-2 are both frequently overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and critical for the survival of AML cells and AML stem cells. MCL-1 is a key factor in venetoclax resistance. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we discovered that MCL-1 regulates leukemia cell bioenergetics and carbohydrate metabolisms, including the TCA cycle, glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway and modulates cell adhesion proteins and leukemia-stromal interactions. Inhibition of MCL-1 sensitizes to BCL-2 inhibition in AML cells and AML stem/progenitor cells, including those with intrinsic and acquired resistance to venetoclax through cooperative release of pro-apoptotic BIM, BAX, and BAK from binding to anti-apoptotic BCL- 2 proteins and inhibition of cell metabolism and key stromal microenvironmental mechanisms. The combined inhibition of MCL-1 by MCL-1 inhibitor AZD5991 or CDK9 inhibitor AZD4573 and BCL-2 by venetoclax greatly extended survival of mice bearing patient-derived xenografts established from an AML patient who acquired resistance to venetoclax/decitabine. These results demonstrate that co-targeting MCL-1 and BCL-2 improves the efficacy of and overcomes pre-existing and acquired resistance to BCL-2 inhibition. Activation of metabolomic pathways and leukemia-stroma interactions are newly discovered functions of MCL-1 in AML, which are independent from canonical regulation of apoptosis by MCL-1. Our data provide new mechanisms of synergy and a rationale for co-targeting MCL-1 and BCL-2 clinically in patients with AML and potentially other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
| | - Po Yee Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Marc Warmoes
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Duncan Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
| | | | - Lisa Drew
- Bioscience Oncology RandD, AstraZeneca, Boston
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.
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20
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Martin M, Mayer IA, Walenkamp AME, Lapa C, Andreeff M, Bobirca A. At the Bedside: Profiling and treating patients with CXCR4-expressing cancers. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:953-967. [PMID: 33089889 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5bt1219-714r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and its ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine 12, are key mediators of hematopoietic cell trafficking. Their roles in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells, induction of angiogenesis, and invasive tumor growth have been recognized for over 2 decades. CXCR4 is a promising target for imaging and therapy of both hematologic and solid tumors. To date, Sanofi Genzyme's plerixafor is the only marketed CXCR4 inhibitor (i.e., Food and Drug Administration-approved in 2008 for stem cell mobilization). However, several new CXCR4 inhibitors are now being investigated as potential therapies for a variety of fluid and solid tumors. These small molecules, peptides, and Abs include balixafortide (POL6326, Polyphor), mavorixafor (X4P-001, X4 Pharmaceuticals), motixafortide (BL-8040, BioLineRx), LY2510924 (Eli Lilly), and ulocuplumab (Bristol-Myers Squibb). Early clinical evidence has been encouraging, for example, with motixafortide and balixafortide, and the CXCR4 inhibitors appear to be generally safe and well tolerated. Molecular imaging is increasingly being used for effective patient selection before, or early during CXCR4 inhibitor treatment. The use of radiolabeled theranostics that combine diagnostics and therapeutics is an additional intriguing approach. The current status and future directions for radioimaging and treating patients with CXCR4-expressing hematologic and solid malignancies are reviewed. See related review - At the Bench: Pre-Clinical Evidence for Multiple Functions of CXCR4 in Cancer. J. Leukoc. Biol. xx: xx-xx; 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martin
- Oncology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingrid A Mayer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Annemiek M E Walenkamp
- University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, Maryland Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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21
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Kang KW, Lee SJ, Kim JH, Lee BH, Kim SJ, Park Y, Kim BS. Etoposide-mediated interleukin-8 secretion from bone marrow stromal cells induces hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:619. [PMID: 32615949 PMCID: PMC7330970 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed the mechanism of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization using etoposide with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and determined how this mechanism differs from that induced by cyclophosphamide with G-CSF or G-CSF alone. Methods We compared the clinical features of 173 non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients who underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT). Additionally, we performed in vitro experiments to assess the changes in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs), which support the HSCs in the bone marrow (BM) niche, following cyclophosphamide or etoposide exposure. We also performed animal studies under standardized conditions to ensure the following: exclude confounding factors, mimic the conditions in clinical practice, and identify the changes in the BM niche caused by etoposide-induced chemo-mobilization or other mobilization methods. Results Retrospective analysis of the clinical data revealed that the etoposide with G-CSF mobilization group showed the highest yield of CD34+ cells and the lowest change in white blood cell counts during mobilization. In in vitro experiments, etoposide triggered interleukin (IL)-8 secretion from the BMSCs and caused long-term BMSC toxicity. To investigate the manner in which the hBMSC-released IL-8 affects hHSCs in the BM niche, we cultured hHSCs with or without IL-8, and found that the number of total, CD34+, and CD34+/CD45- cells in IL-8-treated cells was significantly higher than the respective number in hHSCs cultured without IL-8 (p = 0.014, 0.020, and 0.039, respectively). Additionally, the relative expression of CXCR2 (an IL-8 receptor), and mTOR and c-MYC (components of IL-8-related signaling pathways) increased 1 h after IL-8 treatment. In animal studies, the etoposide with G-CSF mobilization group presented higher IL-8-related cytokine and MMP9 expression and lower SDF-1 expression in the BM, compared to the groups not treated with etoposide. Conclusion Collectively, the unique mechanism of etoposide with G-CSF-induced mobilization is associated with IL-8 secretion from the BMSCs, which is responsible for the enhanced proliferation and mobilization of HSCs in the bone marrow; this was not observed with mobilization using cyclophosphamide with G-CSF or G-CSF alone. However, the long-term toxicity of etoposide toward BMSCs emphasizes the need for the development of more efficient and safe chemo-mobilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Won Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seung-Jin Lee
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University School of Medicine, 73, Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea. .,Institute of Stem Cell Research, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical and Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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22
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Bockorny B, Semenisty V, Macarulla T, Borazanci E, Wolpin BM, Stemmer SM, Golan T, Geva R, Borad MJ, Pedersen KS, Park JO, Ramirez RA, Abad DG, Feliu J, Muñoz A, Ponz-Sarvise M, Peled A, Lustig TM, Bohana-Kashtan O, Shaw SM, Sorani E, Chaney M, Kadosh S, Vainstein Haras A, Von Hoff DD, Hidalgo M. BL-8040, a CXCR4 antagonist, in combination with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer: the COMBAT trial. Nat Med 2020; 26:878-885. [PMID: 32451495 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have limited effect in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), underscoring the need to co-target alternative pathways. CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) blockade promotes T cell tumor infiltration and is synergistic with anti-PD-1 therapy in PDAC mouse models. We conducted a phase IIa, open-label, two-cohort study to assess the safety, efficacy and immunobiological effects of the CXCR4 antagonist BL-8040 (motixafortide) with pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in metastatic PDAC (NCT02826486). The primary outcome was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR) and safety. In cohort 1, 37 patients with chemotherapy-resistant disease received BL-8040 and pembrolizumab. The DCR was 34.5% in the evaluable population (modified intention to treat, mITT; N = 29), including nine patients (31%) with stable disease and one patient (3.4%) with partial response. Median OS (mOS) was 3.3 months in the ITT population. Notably, in patients receiving study drugs as second-line therapy, the mOS was 7.5 months. BL-8040 increased CD8+ effector T cell tumor infiltration, decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and further decreased circulating regulatory T cells. In cohort 2, 22 patients received BL-8040 and pembrolizumab with chemotherapy, with an ORR, DCR and median duration of response of 32%, 77% and 7.8 months, respectively. These data suggest that combined CXCR4 and PD-1 blockade may expand the benefit of chemotherapy in PDAC and warrants confirmation in subsequent randomized trials.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/secondary
- Female
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Humans
- Irinotecan/administration & dosage
- Leucovorin/administration & dosage
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Peptides/administration & dosage
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/secondary
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bockorny
- Division of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Teresa Macarulla
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, IOB Quirón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Erkut Borazanci
- HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Brian M Wolpin
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Salomon M Stemmer
- Institute of Oncology, Davidoff Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talia Golan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ravit Geva
- Oncology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | | | - Joon Oh Park
- Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jaime Feliu
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdIPAZ), Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andres Muñoz
- Medical Oncology Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Ponz-Sarvise
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra and Program in Solid Tumors (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, IDISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amnon Peled
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Marya Chaney
- Early Oncology Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- HonorHealth Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Crees ZD, Stockerl-Goldstein K, Vainstein A, Chen H, DiPersio JF. GENESIS: Phase III trial evaluating BL-8040 + G-CSF to mobilize hematopoietic cells for autologous transplant in myeloma. Future Oncol 2019; 15:3555-3563. [PMID: 31495201 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective hematopoietic cell transplantation relies upon collecting adequate numbers of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, typically from peripheral blood. A minimum of ≥2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg are necessary, while transplants of ≥5-6 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg are associated with improved hematopoietic recovery. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) remains the gold standard for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. However, in randomized trials for autologous-hematopoietic cell transplantation in multiple myeloma, approximately 45% of patients remain unable to optimally mobilize with G-CSF alone despite multiple injections and apheresis days. Therefore, reducing mobilization failures remains an unmet need. The study objective is to evaluate the superiority of one dose of BL-8040 plus G-CSF over placebo plus G-CSF to mobilize ≥6.0 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg in up to two apheresis days. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03246529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Crees
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Keith Stockerl-Goldstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | | | | | - John F DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
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24
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Golay H, Jurkovic Mlakar S, Mlakar V, Nava T, Ansari M. The Biological and Clinical Relevance of G Protein-Coupled Receptors to the Outcomes of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematized Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3889. [PMID: 31404983 PMCID: PMC6719093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment for several malignant and non-malignant diseases at the cost of serious treatment-related toxicities (TRTs). Recent research on extending the benefits of HSCT to more patients and indications has focused on limiting TRTs and improving immunological effects following proper mobilization and engraftment. Increasing numbers of studies report associations between HSCT outcomes and the expression or the manipulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This large family of cell surface receptors is involved in various human diseases. With ever-better knowledge of their crystal structures and signaling dynamics, GPCRs are already the targets for one third of the current therapeutic arsenal. The present paper assesses the current status of animal and human research on GPCRs in the context of selected HSCT outcomes via a systematized survey and analysis of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadrien Golay
- Platform of Pediatric Onco-Hematology research (CANSEARCH Laboratory), Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Bâtiment La Tulipe, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simona Jurkovic Mlakar
- Platform of Pediatric Onco-Hematology research (CANSEARCH Laboratory), Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Bâtiment La Tulipe, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vid Mlakar
- Platform of Pediatric Onco-Hematology research (CANSEARCH Laboratory), Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Bâtiment La Tulipe, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tiago Nava
- Platform of Pediatric Onco-Hematology research (CANSEARCH Laboratory), Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Bâtiment La Tulipe, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Women-Children-Adolescents, Division of General Pediatrics, Pediatric Onco-Hematology Unit, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marc Ansari
- Platform of Pediatric Onco-Hematology research (CANSEARCH Laboratory), Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology, and Obstetrics, University of Geneva, Bâtiment La Tulipe, Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Women-Children-Adolescents, Division of General Pediatrics, Pediatric Onco-Hematology Unit, Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Avenue de la Roseraie 64, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
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25
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Karpova D, Rettig MP, Ritchey J, Cancilla D, Christ S, Gehrs L, Chendamarai E, Evbuomwan MO, Holt M, Zhang J, Abou-Ezzi G, Celik H, Wiercinska E, Yang W, Gao F, Eissenberg LG, Heier RF, Arnett SD, Meyers MJ, Prinsen MJ, Griggs DW, Trumpp A, Ruminski PG, Morrow DM, Bonig HB, Link DC, DiPersio JF. Targeting VLA4 integrin and CXCR2 mobilizes serially repopulating hematopoietic stem cells. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2745-2759. [PMID: 31085833 DOI: 10.1172/jci124738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobilized peripheral blood has become the primary source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for stem cell transplantation, with a five-day course of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) as the most common regimen used for HSPC mobilization. The CXCR4 inhibitor, plerixafor, is a more rapid mobilizer, yet not potent enough when used as a single agent, thus emphasizing the need for faster acting agents with more predictable mobilization responses and fewer side effects. We sought to improve hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by developing a new mobilization strategy in mice through combined targeting of the chemokine receptor CXCR2 and the very late antigen 4 (VLA4) integrin. Rapid and synergistic mobilization of HSPCs along with an enhanced recruitment of true HSCs was achieved when a CXCR2 agonist was co-administered in conjunction with a VLA4 inhibitor. Mechanistic studies revealed involvement of CXCR2 expressed on BM stroma in addition to stimulation of the receptor on granulocytes in the regulation of HSPC localization and egress. Given the rapid kinetics and potency of HSPC mobilization provided by the VLA4 inhibitor and CXCR2 agonist combination in mice compared to currently approved HSPC mobilization methods, it represents an exciting potential strategy for clinical development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Karpova
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael P Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Julie Ritchey
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel Cancilla
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephanie Christ
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Leah Gehrs
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ezhilarasi Chendamarai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Moses O Evbuomwan
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew Holt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jingzhu Zhang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Grazia Abou-Ezzi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hamza Celik
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eliza Wiercinska
- German Red Cross Blood Service and Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wei Yang
- Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Linda G Eissenberg
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard F Heier
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stacy D Arnett
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marvin J Meyers
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael J Prinsen
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David W Griggs
- Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter G Ruminski
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Center for World Health and Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Halvard B Bonig
- German Red Cross Blood Service and Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology of the Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,University of Washington, Department of Medicine/Hematology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel C Link
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John F DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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26
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Liu N, Wan Q, Cheng Z, Chen Y. Radionuclide-Labeled Peptides for Imaging and Treatment of CXCR4- Overexpressing Malignant Tumors. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:17-32. [PMID: 30706786 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190201094952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors are a major cause of death. The lack of methods that provide an early diagnosis and adequate treatment of cancers is the main obstacle to precision medicine. The C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is overexpressed in various tumors and plays a key role in tumor pathogenesis. Therefore, CXCR4-targeted molecular imaging can quickly and accurately detect and quantify CXCR4 abnormalities in real time. The expression level and activation status of CXCR4 are very important for screening susceptible populations and providing an accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment. In view of the fact that radionuclide-labeled peptides have become widely used for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors, this manuscript reviews the potential of different radionuclide-labeled peptide inhibitors for the targeted imaging of CXCR4- positive tumors and targeted treatment. The article also discusses the specificity and in vivo distribution of radionuclide-labeled peptide inhibitors, and translation of these inhibitors to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No.25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No.25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology and Bio-X Program, 1201 Welch Road, Lucas Expansion, P095 Stanford University, California, United States
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No.25, Taiping St, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
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27
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Abstract
THE PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mobilized peripheral blood is the predominant source of stem and progenitor cells for hematologic transplantation. Successful transplant requires sufficient stem cells of high enough quality to recapitulate lifelong hematopoiesis, but in some patients and normal donors, reaching critical threshold stem cell numbers are difficult to achieve. Novel strategies, particularly those offering rapid mobilization and reduced costs, remains an area of interest.This review summarizes critical scientific underpinnings in understanding the process of stem cell mobilization, with a focus on new or improved strategies for their efficient collection and engraftment. RECENT FINDINGS Studies are described that provide new insights into the complexity of stem cell mobilization. Agents that target new pathways such HSC egress, identify strategies to collect more potent competing HSC and new methods to optimize stem cell collection and engraftment are being evaluated. SUMMARY Agents and more effective strategies that directly address the current shortcomings of hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and transplantation and offer the potential to facilitate collection and expand use of mobilized stem cells have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M. Pelus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W Walnut Street, R2-301, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 W Walnut Street, R2-301, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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28
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Fra-2 Expression in Osteoblasts Regulates Systemic Inflammation and Lung Injury through Osteopontin. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00022-18. [PMID: 30181393 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00022-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses require mobilization of innate immune cells from the bone marrow. The functionality of this process depends on the state of the bone marrow microenvironment. We therefore hypothesized that molecular changes in osteoblasts, which are essential stromal cells of the bone marrow microenvironment, influence the inflammatory response. Here, we show that osteoblast-specific expression of the AP-1 transcription factor Fra-2 (Fra-2Ob-tet) induced a systemic inflammatory state with infiltration of neutrophils and proinflammatory macrophages into the spleen and liver as well as increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). By in vivo inhibition of osteopontin (OPN) in Fra-2Ob-tet mice, we demonstrated that this process was dependent on OPN expression, which mediates alterations of the bone marrow niche. OPN expression was transcriptionally enhanced by Fra-2 and stimulated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) expansion. Furthermore, in a murine lung injury model, Fra-2Ob-tet mice showed increased inflammatory responses and more severe disease features via an enhanced and sustained inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our findings demonstrate for the first time that molecular changes in osteoblasts influence the susceptibility to inflammation by altering evasion of innate immune cells from the bone marrow space.
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29
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Teixidó J, Martínez-Moreno M, Díaz-Martínez M, Sevilla-Movilla S. The good and bad faces of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:121-131. [PMID: 29288743 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that promote cell migration and activation under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Chemokines bind to seven transmembrane-spanning receptors that are coupled to heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins, which are the responsible for intracellularly transmitting the activating signals for cell migration. Hematopoiesis, vascular development, lymphoid organ morphogenesis, cardiogenesis and neural differentiation are amongst the processes involving chemokine function. In addition, immune cell trafficking from bone marrow to blood circulation, and from blood and lymph to lymphoid and inflamed tissues, is tightly regulated by chemokines both under physiological conditions and also in autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, chemokine binding to their receptors stimulate trafficking to and positioning of cancer cells into target tissues and organs during tumour dissemination. The CXCL12 chemokine (also known as stromal-cell derived factor-1α, SDF-1α) plays key roles in hematopoiesis and lymphoid tissue architecture, in cardiogenesis, vascular formation and neurogenesis, as well as in the trafficking of solid and hematological cancer cell types. CXCL12 binds to the CXCR4 receptor, a multi-facetted molecule which tightly mirrors CXCL12 functions in homeostasis and disease. This review addresses the important roles of the CXCR4-CXCL12 axis in homeostasis, specially focusing in hematopoiesis, as well as it provides a picture of CXCR4 as mediator of cancer cell spreading, and a view of the available CXCR4 antagonists in different cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Teixidó
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Díaz-Martínez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Sevilla-Movilla
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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30
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Abstract
In contemporary clinical practice, almost all allogeneic transplantations and autologous transplantations now capitalize on peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) as opposed to bone marrow (BM) for the source of stem cells. In this context, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) plays a pivotal role as the most frequently applied frontline agent for stem cell mobilization. For patients classified as high-risk, chemotherapy based mobilization regimens can be preferred as a first choice and it is notable that this also used for remobilization. Mobilization failure occurs at a rate of 10%-40% with traditional strategies and it typically leads to low-efficiency practices, resource wastage, and delayed in treatment intervention. Notably, however, several factors can impact the effectiveness of CD34+ progenitor cell mobilization, including patient age and medical history (prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy, disease and marrow infiltration at the time of mobilization). In recent years, main (yet largely ineffective) approach was to increase G-CSF dose and add SCF, but novel and promising pathways have been opened up by the synergistic impact of a reversible inhibitor of CXCR4, plerixafor, with G-CSF. The literature shows to its favorable results in upfront and failed mobilizers, and it is necessary to use plerixafor (or equivalent agents) to optimize HSC harvest in poor mobilizers. Different CXCR4 inhibitors, growth hormone, VLA4 inhibitors, and parathormone, have been cited as new agents for mobilization failure in recent years. In view of the above considerations, the purpose of this paper is to examine the mobilization of PBSC while focusing specifically on poor mobilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Namdaroglu
- Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital, Department of Hematology, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Serdal Korkmaz
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Department of Hematology, BMT Unit, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Altuntas
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Department of Hematology, BMT Unit, Ankara, Turkey; Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Medical Faculty, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey
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31
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Abraham M, Pereg Y, Bulvik B, Klein S, Mishalian I, Wald H, Eizenberg O, Beider K, Nagler A, Golan R, Vainstein A, Aharon A, Galun E, Caraco Y, Or R, Peled A. Single Dose of the CXCR4 Antagonist BL-8040 Induces Rapid Mobilization for the Collection of Human CD34+ Cells in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6790-6801. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Zhang Y, Saavedra E, Tang R, Gu Y, Lappin P, Trajkovic D, Liu SH, Smeal T, Fantin V, De Botton S, Legrand O, Delhommeau F, Pernasetti F, Louache F. Targeting primary acute myeloid leukemia with a new CXCR4 antagonist IgG1 antibody (PF-06747143). Sci Rep 2017; 7:7305. [PMID: 28779088 PMCID: PMC5544749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 mediates cell anchorage in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and is overexpressed in 25–30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we have shown that a new CXCR4 receptor antagonist IgG1 antibody (PF-06747143) binds strongly to AML cell lines and to AML primary cells inhibiting their chemotaxis in response to CXCL12. PF-06747143 also induced cytotoxicity in AML cells via Fc-effector function. To characterize the effects of PF-06747143 on leukemia progression, we used two different patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models: Patient 17CXCR4-low and P15CXCR4-high models, characterized by relatively low and high CXCR4 expression, respectively. Weekly administration of PF-06747143 to leukemic mice significantly reduced leukemia development in both models. Secondary transplantation of BM cells from PF-06747143-treated or IgG1 control-treated animals showed that leukemic progenitors were also targeted by PF-06747143. Administration of a single dose of PF-06747143 to PDX models induced rapid malignant cell mobilization into the peripheral blood (PB). These findings support evaluation of this antibody in AML therapy, with particular appeal to patients resistant to chemotherapy and to unfit patients, unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- INSERM, UMR 1170, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France.,CNRS, GDR 3697, MicroNIT, Villejuif, France
| | - Erika Saavedra
- INSERM, UMR 1170, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France.,CNRS, GDR 3697, MicroNIT, Villejuif, France
| | - Ruoping Tang
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°7, Groupe de Recherche Clinique sur les Myéloproliférations Aiguës et Chroniques MYPAC, F-75012, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital St Antoine, Service d'Hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Yin Gu
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Lappin
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dusko Trajkovic
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Francisco, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tod Smeal
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Valeria Fantin
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stephane De Botton
- INSERM, UMR 1170, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Villejuif, France.,Faculté de médecine Paris-Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ollivier Legrand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°7, Groupe de Recherche Clinique sur les Myéloproliférations Aiguës et Chroniques MYPAC, F-75012, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital St Antoine, Service d'Hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Francois Delhommeau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, GRC n°7, Groupe de Recherche Clinique sur les Myéloproliférations Aiguës et Chroniques MYPAC, F-75012, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Service d'hématologie biologique, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Flavia Pernasetti
- Oncology Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Fawzia Louache
- INSERM, UMR 1170, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France. .,CNRS, GDR 3697, MicroNIT, Villejuif, France.
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Wang W, Yu S, Myers J, Wang Y, Xin WW, Albakri M, Xin AW, Li M, Huang AY, Xin W, Siebel CW, Lazarus HM, Zhou L. Notch2 blockade enhances hematopoietic stem cell mobilization and homing. Haematologica 2017; 102:1785-1795. [PMID: 28729299 PMCID: PMC5622863 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.168674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite use of newer approaches, some patients being considered for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) may only mobilize limited numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) into blood, precluding use of the procedure, or being placed at increased risk of complications due to slow hematopoietic reconstitution. Developing more efficacious HPC mobilization regimens and strategies may enhance the mobilization process and improve patient outcome. Although Notch signaling is not essential for homeostasis of adult hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), Notch-ligand adhesive interaction maintains HSC quiescence and niche retention. Using Notch receptor blocking antibodies, we report that Notch2 blockade, but not Notch1 blockade, sensitizes hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors (HSPCs) to mobilization stimuli and leads to enhanced egress from marrow to the periphery. Notch2 blockade leads to transient myeloid progenitor expansion without affecting HSC homeostasis and self-renewal. We show that transient Notch2 blockade or Notch2-loss in mice lacking Notch2 receptor lead to decreased CXCR4 expression by HSC but increased cell cycling with CXCR4 transcription being directly regulated by the Notch transcriptional protein RBPJ. In addition, we found that Notch2-blocked or Notch2-deficient marrow HSPCs show an increased homing to the marrow, while mobilized Notch2-blocked, but not Notch2-deficient stem cells and progenitors, displayed a competitive repopulating advantage and enhanced hematopoietic reconstitution. These findings suggest that blocking Notch2 combined with the current clinical regimen may further enhance HPC mobilization and improve engraftment during HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shuiliang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jay Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William W Xin
- School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marwah Albakri
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Ming Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA .,Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Molecular Biology Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hillard M Lazarus
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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34
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Lappano R, Maggiolini M. Pharmacotherapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Oncology: Examples of Approved Therapies and Emerging Concepts. Drugs 2017; 77:951-965. [PMID: 28401445 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-017-0738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in numerous physio-pathological processes, including the stimulation of cancer progression. In this regard, it should be mentioned that although GPCRs may represent major pharmaceutical targets, only a few drugs acting as GPCR inhibitors are currently used in anti-tumor therapies. For instance, certain pro-malignancy effects mediated by GPCRs are actually counteracted by the use of small molecules and peptides that function as receptor antagonists or inverse agonists. Recently, humanized monoclonal antibodies targeting GPCRs have also been developed. Here, we review the current GPCR-targeted therapies for cancer treatment, summarizing the clinical studies that led to their official approval. We provide a broad overview of the mechanisms of action of the available anti-cancer drugs targeting gonadotropin-releasing hormone, somatostatin, chemokine, and Smoothened receptors. In addition, we discuss the anti-tumor potential of novel non-approved molecules and antibodies able to target some of the aforementioned GPCRs in different experimental models and clinical trials. Likewise, we focus on the repurposing in cancer patients of non-oncological GPCR-based drugs, elucidating the rationale behind this approach and providing clinical evidence on their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lappano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
| | - Marcello Maggiolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.
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35
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Richter R, Forssmann W, Henschler R. Current Developments in Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells and Their Interaction with Niches in Bone Marrow. Transfus Med Hemother 2017. [PMID: 28626366 DOI: 10.1159/000477262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has evolved from a highly experimental stage in the 1980s to a currently clinically established treatment for more than 20,000 patients annually who suffer from hematological malignancies and other severe diseases. Studies in numerous murine models have demonstrated that HSPCs reside in distinct niches within the bone marrow environment. Whereas transplanted HSPCs travel through the bloodstream and home to sites of hematopoiesis, HSPCs can be mobilized from these niches into the blood either physiologically or induced by pharmaceutical drugs. Firstly, this review aims to give a synopsis of milestones defining niches and mobilization pathways for HSPCs, including the identification of several cell types involved such as osteoblasts, adventitial reticular cells, endothelial cells, monocytic cells, and granulocytic cells. The main factors that anchor HSPCs in the niche, and/or induce their quiescence are vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1, CD44, hematopoietic growth factors, e.g. stem cell factor (SCF) and FLT3 Ligand, chemokines including CXCL12, growth-regulated protein beta and IL-8, proteases, peptides, and other chemical transmitters such as nucleotides. In the second part of the review, we revise the current understanding of HSPC mobilization. Here, we discuss which mechanisms found to be active in HSPC mobilization correspond to the mechanisms relevant for HSPC interaction with niche cells, but also deal with other mediators and signals that target individual cell types and receptors to mobilize HSPCs. A multitude of questions remain to be addressed for a better understanding of HSPC biology and its implications for therapy, including more comprehensive concepts for regulatory circuits such as calcium homeostasis and parathormone, metabolic regulation such as by leptin, the significance of autonomic nervous system, the consequences of alteration of niches in aged patients, or the identification of more easily accessible markers to better predict the efficiency of HSPC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Richter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.,MVZ Labor PD Dr. Volkmann & Kollegen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Forssmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Immunology, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Swiss Red Cross Blood Transfusion Services Zurich and Chur, Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Yan X, Dai X, He L, Ling X, Shao M, Zhang C, Wang Y, Xiao J, Cai L, Li X, Tan Y. A Novel CXCR4 antagonist enhances angiogenesis via modifying the ischaemic tissue environment. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2298-2307. [PMID: 28374486 PMCID: PMC5618675 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a capital role in angiogenesis via directly participating in neo-vessel formation and secreting pro-angiogenic factors. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and its receptor CXCR4 play a critical role in the retention and quiescence of EPCs within its niche in the bone marrow. Disturbing the interaction between SDF-1 and CXCR4 is an effective strategy for EPC mobilization. We developed a novel CXCR4 antagonist P2G, a mutant protein of SDF-1β with high antagonistic activity against CXCR4 and high potency in enhancing ischaemic angiogenesis and blood perfusion. However, its direct effects on ischaemic tissue remain largely unknown. In this study, P2G was found to possess a robust capability to promote EPC infiltration and incorporation in neo-vessels, enhance the expression and function of pro-angiogenic factors, such as SDF-1, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloprotein-9, and activate cell signals involved in angiogenesis, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen, protein kinase B (Akt), extracellular regulated protein kinases and mammalian target of rapamycin, in ischaemic tissue. Moreover, P2G can attenuate fibrotic remodelling to facilitate the recovery of ischaemic tissue. The capability of P2G in direct augmenting ischaemic environment for angiogenesis suggests that it is a potential candidate for the therapy of ischaemia diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Chinese-American Pediatric Research Institute at the First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Dai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,School of Biomedicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Luqing He
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Ling
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minglong Shao
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, the first hospital of Jilin university, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Chinese-American Pediatric Research Institute at the First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University-town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Chinese-American Pediatric Research Institute at the First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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37
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Abraham M, Klein S, Bulvik B, Wald H, Weiss ID, Olam D, Weiss L, Beider K, Eizenberg O, Wald O, Galun E, Avigdor A, Benjamini O, Nagler A, Pereg Y, Tavor S, Peled A. The CXCR4 inhibitor BL-8040 induces the apoptosis of AML blasts by downregulating ERK, BCL-2, MCL-1 and cyclin-D1 via altered miR-15a/16-1 expression. Leukemia 2017; 31:2336-2346. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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38
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Domingues MJ, Nilsson SK, Cao B. New agents in HSC mobilization. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:141-152. [PMID: 27905003 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mobilized peripheral blood (PB) is the most common source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) for autologous transplantation. Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is the most commonly used mobilization agent, yet despite its widespread use, a considerable number of patients still fail to mobilize. Recently, a greater understanding of the interactions that regulate HSC homeostasis in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment has enabled the development of new molecules that mobilize HSC through specific inhibition, modulation or perturbation of these interactions. AMD3100 (plerixafor), a small molecule that selectively inhibits the chemokine receptor CXCR4 is approved for mobilization in combination with G-CSF in patients with Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, identifying mobilization strategies that not only enhance HSC number, but are rapid and generate an optimal "mobilized product" for improved transplant outcomes remains an area of clinical importance. In recent times, new agents based on recombinant proteins, peptides and small molecules have been identified as potential candidates for therapeutic HSC mobilization. In this review, we describe the most recent developments in HSC mobilization agents and their potential impact in HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie J Domingues
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Susan K Nilsson
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cao
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC, 3169, Australia. .,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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39
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Abdelouahab H, Zhang Y, Wittner M, Oishi S, Fujii N, Besancenot R, Plo I, Ribrag V, Solary E, Vainchenker W, Barosi G, Louache F. CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway is activated by oncogenic JAK2 in a PI3K-dependent manner. Oncotarget 2016; 8:54082-54095. [PMID: 28903325 PMCID: PMC5589564 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK2 activation is the driver mechanism in BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). These diseases are characterized by an abnormal retention of hematopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow microenvironment and their increased trafficking to extramedullary sites. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays a central role in hematopoietic stem cell/ progenitor trafficking and retention in hematopoietic sites. The present study explores the crosstalk between JAK2 and CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling pathways in MPN. We show that JAK2, activated by either MPL-W515L expression or cytokine stimulation, cooperates with CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling to increase the chemotactic response of human cell lines and primary CD34+ cells through an increased phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Accordingly, primary myelofibrosis (MF) patient cells demonstrate an increased CXCL12-induced chemotaxis when compared to controls. JAK2 inhibition by knock down or chemical inhibitors decreases this effect in MPL-W515L expressing cell lines and reduces the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in some patient primary cells. Taken together, these data indicate that CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway is overactivated in MF patients by oncogenic JAK2 that maintains high PI3K signaling over the threshold required for CXCR4 activation. These results suggest that inhibition of this crosstalk may contribute to the therapeutic effects of JAK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjer Abdelouahab
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,University Paris-Sud 11, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud 11, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Monika Wittner
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud 11, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rodolphe Besancenot
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud 11, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud 11, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, UMR 1170, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Grex, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Ribrag
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud 11, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Eric Solary
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud 11, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - William Vainchenker
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris-Sud 11, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Grex, Laboratoire d'Excellence, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Barosi
- Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Biotechnology Research Area, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fawzia Louache
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,University Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,University Paris-Sud 11, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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40
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Mishan MA, Ahmadiankia N, Bahrami AR. CXCR4 and CCR7: Two eligible targets in targeted cancer therapy. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:955-67. [PMID: 27248053 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most common cause of death in the world with high negative emotional, economic, and social impacts. Conventional therapeutic methods, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have not proven satisfactory and relapse is common in most cases. Recent studies have focused on targeted therapy with more precise identification and targeted attacks to the cancer cells. For this purpose, chemokine receptors are proper targets and among them, CXCR4 and CCR7, with a crucial role in cancer metastasis, are being considered as desired candidates for investigation. In this review paper, the most important experimental results are highlighted on the potential targeted therapies based on CXCR4 and CCR7 chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naghmeh Ahmadiankia
- Cancer Prevention Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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41
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da Silva JM, Soave DF, Moreira dos Santos TP, Batista AC, Russo RC, Teixeira MM, Silva TAD. Significance of chemokine and chemokine receptors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A critical review. Oral Oncol 2016; 56:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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42
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Choi WT, Yang Y, Xu Y, An J. Targeting chemokine receptor CXCR4 for treatment of HIV-1 infection, tumor progression, and metastasis. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 14:1574-89. [PMID: 25159167 DOI: 10.2174/1568026614666140827143541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR4 is required for the entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) into target cells and for the development and dissemination of various types of cancers, including gastrointestinal, cutaneous, head and neck, pulmonary, gynecological, genitourinary, neurological, and hematological malignancies. The T-cell (T)-tropic HIV-1 strains use CXCR4 as the entry coreceptor; consequently, multiple CXCR4 antagonistic inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, other potential applications of CXCR4 antagonists have become apparent since its discovery in 1996. In fact, increasing evidence demonstrates that epithelial and hematopoietic tumor cells exploit the interaction between CXCR4 and its natural ligand, stromal cellderived factor (SDF)-1α, which normally regulates leukocyte migration. The CXCR4 and/or SDF-1α expression patterns in tumor cells also determine the sites of metastatic spread. In addition, the activation of CXCR4 by SDF-1α promotes invasion and proliferation of tumor cells, enhances tumor-associated neoangiogenesis, and assists in the degradation of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. As such, the evaluation of CXCR4 and/or SDF-1α expression levels has a significant prognostic value in various types of malignancies. Several therapeutic challenges remain to be overcome before the use of CXCR4 inhibitors can be translated into clinical practice, but promising preclinical data demonstrate that CXCR4 antagonists can mobilize tumor cells from their protective microenvironments, interfere with their metastatic and tumorigenic potentials, and/or make tumor cells more susceptible to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing An
- Department of Pharmacology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
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43
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Flamini V, Jiang WG, Lane J, Cui YX. Significance and therapeutic implications of endothelial progenitor cells in angiogenic-mediated tumour metastasis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2016; 100:177-89. [PMID: 26917455 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer conveys profound social and economic consequences throughout the world. Metastasis is responsible for approximately 90% of cancer-associated mortality and, when it occurs, cancer becomes almost incurable. During metastatic dissemination, cancer cells pass through a series of complex steps including the establishment of tumour-associated angiogenesis. The human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) are a cell population derived from the bone marrow which are required for endothelial tubulogenesis and neovascularization. They also express abundant inflammatory cytokines and paracrine angiogenic factors. Clinically hEPCs are highly correlated with relapse, disease progression, metastasis and treatment response in malignancies such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. It has become evident that the hEPCs are involved in the angiogenesis-required progression and metastasis of tumours. However, it is not clear in what way the signalling pathways, controlling the normal cellular function of human BM-derived EPCs, are hijacked by aggressive tumour cells to facilitate tumour metastasis. In addition, the actual roles of hEPCs in tumour angiogenesis-mediated metastasis are not well characterised. In this paper we reviewed the clinical relevance of the hEPCs with cancer diagnosis, progression and prognosis. We further summarised the effects of tumour microenvironment on the hEPCs and underlying mechanisms. We also hypothesized the roles of altered hEPCs in tumour angiogenesis and metastasis. We hope this review may enhance our understanding of the interaction between hEPCs and tumour cells thus aiding the development of cellular-targeted anti-tumour therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Flamini
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Jane Lane
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Yu-Xin Cui
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK.
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44
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Scala S. Molecular Pathways: Targeting the CXCR4–CXCL12 Axis—Untapped Potential in the Tumor Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Karpova D, Bonig H. Concise Review: CXCR4/CXCL12 Signaling in Immature Hematopoiesis--Lessons From Pharmacological and Genetic Models. Stem Cells 2015; 33:2391-9. [PMID: 25966814 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dominant, although nonexclusive roles of CXCR4 and its chief ligand CXCL12 in bone marrow (BM) retention and preservation of the relative quiescence of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), along with their involvement in human immunodeficiency virus infection, in trafficking of mature hematopoietic cells to sites of inflammation and in orderly migration of nonhematopoietic cells during embryogenesis, explain the significant interest of the scientific community in the mode of action of this receptor-ligand pair. In this focused review, we seek to distil from the large body of information that has become available over the years some of the key findings about the role of CXCR4/CXCL12 in normal immature hematopoiesis. It is hoped that understanding the mechanistic insights gained there from will help generate hypotheses about potential avenues in which cancer/leukemia cell behavior can be modified by interference with this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Karpova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Halvard Bonig
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Institute Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Civriz Bozdag S, Tekgunduz E, Altuntas F. The current status in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. J Clin Apher 2015; 30:273-80. [PMID: 25790158 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hemotopoietic stem cell mobilization with cytokines alone, has still been widely accepted as the initial attempt for stem cell mobilization. Chemotherapy based mobilization can be preferred as first choice in high risk patients or for remobilization. But mobilization failure still remains to be a problem in one third of patients. Salvage mobilization strategies have been composed to give one more chance to 'poor mobilizers'. Synergistic effect of a reversible inhibitor of CXCR4, plerixafor, with G-CSF has opened a new era for these patients. Preemptive approach in predicted poor mobilizers, immediate salvage approach for patients with suboptimal mobilization or remobilization approach of plerixafor in failed mobilizers have all been demonstrated convincing results in various studies. Alternative CXCR4 inhibitors, VLA4 inhibitors, bortezomib, parathormone have also been emerged as novel agents for mobilization failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emre Tekgunduz
- Hematology Department, Ankara Oncology Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fevzi Altuntas
- Hematology Department, Ankara Oncology Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Hoggatt J, Speth JM, Pelus LM. Concise review: Sowing the seeds of a fruitful harvest: hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Stem Cells 2015; 31:2599-606. [PMID: 24123398 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option for a number of malignant and nonmalignant diseases. As the use of hematopoietic transplant has expanded, so too has the source of stem and progenitor cells. The predominate source of stem and progenitors today, particularly in settings of autologous transplantation, is mobilized peripheral blood. This review will highlight the historical advances which led to the widespread use of peripheral blood stem cells for transplantation, with a look toward future enhancements to mobilization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hoggatt
- Harvard University, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Saba F, Soleimani M, Kaviani S, Abroun S, Sayyadipoor F, Behrouz S, Saki N. G-CSF induces up-regulation of CXCR4 expression in human hematopoietic stem cells by beta-adrenergic agonist. Hematology 2014; 20:462-468. [DOI: 10.1179/1607845414y.0000000220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhredin Saba
- Department of HematologyTarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of HematologyTarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Kaviani
- Department of HematologyTarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abroun
- Department of HematologyTarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sayyadipoor
- Biotechnology DepartmentBlood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sobhan Behrouz
- Cell and Molecular Biology DepartmentFaculty of Biological Sciences, Science and Research University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Health Research InstituteResearch Center of Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Saba F, Soleimani M, Atashi A, Mortaz E, Shahjahani M, Roshandel E, Jaseb K, Saki N. The role of the nervous system in hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 19:8-16. [PMID: 24165704 DOI: 10.1532/lh96.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and blood cell progenitors, such as maturing leucocytes, steadily enter from bone marrow (BM) into the circulation under steady-state conditions, and their mobilization is dramatically amplified during stress conditions and by mediators such as granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). This mobilization is dependent upon bone remodeling, the proteolytic enzymes of bone marrow-derived stromal cells, and adhesion molecules such as integrin, but the main mechanisms controlling this traffic are still unclear. The nervous system, as the most important regulator of the body, can affect the mobilization network by secreting catecholamines, so that denervation of catecholaminergic fibers in the BM of mice could lead to declining mobilization in steady state and stress situations, even in the presence of other intact environmental factors in the BM. Thus, due to the importance of the nervous system, we have attempted to give a general overview of how the nervous system is involved in the mobilization of HSCs in this review. Then, we will try to describe the mobilization process induced by the nervous system, which consists of 3 mechanisms: stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), proteolytic enzymes, and bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhredin Saba
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Beider K, Darash-Yahana M, Blaier O, Koren-Michowitz M, Abraham M, Wald H, Wald O, Galun E, Eizenberg O, Peled A, Nagler A. Combination of imatinib with CXCR4 antagonist BKT140 overcomes the protective effect of stroma and targets CML in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1155-69. [PMID: 24502926 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Functional role of CXCR4 in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) progression was evaluated. Elevated CXCR4 significantly increased the in vitro survival and proliferation in response to CXCL12. CXCR4 stimulation resulted in activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)-1/2, Akt, S6K, STAT3, and STAT5 prosurvival signaling pathways. In accordance, we found that in vitro treatment with CXCR4 antagonist BKT140 directly inhibited the cell growth and induced cell death of CML cells. Combination of BKT140 with suboptimal concentrations of imatinib significantly increased the anti-CML effect. BKT140 induced apoptotic cell death, decreasing the levels of HSP70 and HSP90 chaperones and antiapoptotic proteins BCL-2 and BCL-XL, subsequently promoting the release of mitochondrial factors cytochrome c and SMAC/Diablo. Bone marrow (BM) stromal cells (BMSC) markedly increased the proliferation of CML cells and protected them from imatinib-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, BMSCs elevated proto-oncogene BCL6 expression in the CML cells in response to imatinib treatment, suggesting the possible role of BCL6 in stroma-mediated TKI resistance. BKT140 reversed the protective effect of the stroma, effectively promoted apoptosis, and decreased BCL6 levels in CML cells cocultured with BMSCs. BKT140 administration in vivo effectively reduced the growth of subcutaneous K562-produced xenografts. Moreover, the combination of BKT140 with low-dose imatinib markedly inhibited tumor growth, achieving 95% suppression. Taken together, our data indicate the importance of CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in CML growth and CML-BM stroma interaction. CXCR4 inhibition with BKT140 antagonist efficiently cooperated with imatinib in vitro and in vivo. These results provide the rational basis for CXCR4-targeted therapy in combination with TKI to override drug resistance and suppress residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Beider
- Authors' Affiliations: Hematology Division and CBB, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer; Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem; and Biokine Therapeutics Ltd., Science Park, Ness Ziona, Israel
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