1
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Fukushima S, Miyashita A, Kuriyama H, Kimura T, Mizuhashi S, Kubo Y, Nakahara S, Kanemaru H, Tsuchiya N, Mashima H, Zhang R, Uemura Y. Future prospects for cancer immunotherapy using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dendritic cells or macrophages. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:290-296. [PMID: 36529534 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy is now the first-line treatment for many unresectable cancers. However, it remains far from a complete cure for all patients. Therefore, it is necessary to develop innovative methods for cancer immunotherapy, and immune cell therapy could be an option. Currently, several institutions are attempting to generate immune cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for use in cancer immunotherapy. A method for generating dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MPs) from iPSC has been established. iPSC-derived DCs (iPS-DCs) can activate T cells via antigen presentation, and iPSC-derived macrophages (iPS-MPs) attack cancer. Since iPSCs are used as the source, genetic modification is easy, and various immune functions, such as the production of anti-tumour cytokines, can be added. Furthermore, when iPS-DCs and iPS-MPs are immortalized, cost reduction through mass production is theoretically possible. In this review, the achievements of cancer research using iPS-DCs and iPS-MPs are summarized, and the prospects for the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Azusa Miyashita
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Haruka Kuriyama
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kimura
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Mizuhashi
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kubo
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kanemaru
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Tsuchiya
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center (NCC), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mashima
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center (NCC), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center (NCC), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uemura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center (NCC), Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Oliveira NA, Sevim H. Dendritic cell differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells: challenges and progress. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:207-220. [PMID: 35316109 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the major antigen-presenting cells of the immune system responsible for initiating and coordinating immune responses. These abilities provide potential for several clinical applications, such as the development of immunogenic vaccines. However, difficulty in obtaining DCs from conventional sources, such as bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PBMC), and cord blood (CB), is a significantly hinders routine application. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is a valuable alternative for generating sufficient numbers of DCs to be used in basic and pre-clinical studies. Despite the many challenges that must be overcome to achieve an efficient protocol for obtaining the major DC types from hiPSCs, recent progress has been made. Here we review the current state of developing DCs from hiPSCs, as well as the key elements required to enable the routine use of hiPSC-derived DCs in pre-clinical and clinical assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelio Aj Oliveira
- Jackson Laboratory - Farmington, 481263, Cell Engineering , Farmington, Connecticut, United States, 06032-2374;
| | - Handan Sevim
- Hacettepe Universitesi, 37515, Faculty of Science Department of Biology, Ankara, Ankara, Turkey;
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3
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Mashima H, Zhang R, Kobayashi T, Tsukamoto H, Liu T, Iwama T, Hagiya Y, Yamamoto M, Fukushima S, Okada S, Idiris A, Kaneko S, Nakatsura T, Ohdan H, Uemura Y. Improved safety of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived antigen-presenting cell-based cancer immunotherapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:171-179. [PMID: 33816647 PMCID: PMC7994724 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The tumorigenicity and toxicity of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their derivatives are major safety concerns in their clinical application. Recently, we developed granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing proliferating myeloid cells (GM-pMCs) from mouse iPSCs as a source of unlimited antigen-presenting cells for use in cancer immunotherapy. As GM-pMCs are generated by introducing c-Myc and Csf2 into iPSC-derived MCs and are dependent on self-produced GM-CSF for proliferation, methods to control their proliferation after administration should be introduced to improve safety. In this study, we compared the efficacy of two promising suicide gene systems, herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase (HSV-TK)/ganciclovir (GCV) and inducible caspase-9 (iCasp9)/AP1903, for safeguarding GM-pMCs in cancer immunotherapy. The expression of HSV-TK or iCasp9 did not impair the fundamental properties of GM-pMCs. Both of these suicide gene-expressing cells selectively underwent apoptosis after treatment with the corresponding apoptosis-inducing drug, and they were promptly eliminated in vivo. iCasp9/AP1903 induced apoptosis more efficiently than HSV-TK/GCV. Furthermore, high concentrations of GCV were toxic to cells not expressing HSV-TK, whereas AP1903 was bioinert. These results suggest that iCasp9/AP1903 is superior to HSV-TK/GCV in terms of both safety and efficacy when controlling the fate of GM-pMCs after priming antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Mashima
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tatsuaki Iwama
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hagiya
- Biochemistry Team, Bio Science Division, Technology General Division, Materials Integration Laboratories, AGC, Inc., Yokohama 221-8755, Japan
| | - Masateru Yamamoto
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Alimjan Idiris
- Biochemistry Team, Bio Science Division, Technology General Division, Materials Integration Laboratories, AGC, Inc., Yokohama 221-8755, Japan
| | - Shin Kaneko
- Shin Kaneko Laboratory, Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uemura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan
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Ackermann M, Dragon AC, Lachmann N. The Immune-Modulatory Properties of iPSC-Derived Antigen-Presenting Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2021; 47:444-453. [PMID: 33442339 DOI: 10.1159/000512721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, are important regulators of the immune system, as they connect the innate and adaptive immunity by critically regulating T-cell responses. Thus, APCs are involved in both tissue homeostasis and tolerance, but also coordinate immune responses in case of infection and inflammation. Primary APCs are commonly generated from peripheral blood-derived monocytes and have been used as cell therapeutics in several (pre-)clinical settings, e.g., immune oncology, however, with varying efficiency. One promising alternative to study antigen presentation in vitro and to develop novel cell-based therapies are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). IPSCs can nowadays be generated from a variety of different cell types using several refined reprogramming techniques. Given their unlimited proliferation and differentiation potential, they hold great promise for regenerative medicine, and recently, first iPSC derivatives have found their way into first clinical studies for cell-based therapies. In this review article, we will give a brief overview of current methods for the generation and applications of primary APCs, but also specifically focus on different strategies for the generation of defined subsets of DCs and macrophages from human PSCs. Moreover, we will highlight the potential but also hurdles for the clinical translation of iPSC-derived APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mania Ackermann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, RG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Christina Dragon
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, RG Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, REBIRTH - Research Center for Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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5
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Iizuka-Koga M, Asashima H, Ando M, Lai CY, Mochizuki S, Nakanishi M, Nishimura T, Tsuboi H, Hirota T, Takahashi H, Matsumoto I, Otsu M, Sumida T. Functional Analysis of Dendritic Cells Generated from T-iPSCs from CD4+ T Cell Clones of Sjögren's Syndrome. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 8:1155-1163. [PMID: 28494936 PMCID: PMC5425788 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is important to clarify the pathogenic functions of T cells in human samples, their examination is often limited due to difficulty in obtaining sufficient numbers of dendritic cells (DCs), used as antigen-presenting cells, especially in autoimmune diseases. We describe the generation of DCs from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from T cells (T-iPSCs). We reprogrammed CD4+ T cell clones from a patient with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) into iPSCs, which were differentiated into DCs (T-iPS-DCs). T-iPS-DCs had dendritic cell-like morphology, and expressed CD11c, HLA-DR, CD80, CD86, and also BDCA-3. Compared with monocyte-derived DCs, the capacity for antigen processing was similar, and T-iPS-DCs induced the proliferative response of autoreactive CD4+ T cells. Moreover, we could evaluate T cell functions of the patient with SS. In conclusion, we obtained adequate numbers of DCs from T-iPSCs, which could be used to characterize pathogenic T cells in autoimmune diseases such as SS. Dendritic cells were generated from iPSCs derived from CD4+ T cells (T-iPS-DCs) Adequate numbers of functional DCs were generated from a small blood sample The comparison between T-iPS-DCs and monocyte-derived DCs was evaluated The functional assays of T cells in Sjögren's syndrome were analyzed by T-iPS-DCs
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Iizuka-Koga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Miki Ando
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Chen-Yi Lai
- Division of Stem Cell Processing/Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shinji Mochizuki
- Division of Stem Cell Processing/Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Research Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hirota
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsu
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Division of Stem Cell Processing/Stem Cell Bank, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
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6
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Precise immune tolerance for hPSC derivatives in clinical application. Cell Immunol 2017; 326:15-23. [PMID: 28866278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) promise a foreseeing future for regeneration medicine and cell replacement therapy with their abilities to produce almost any types of somatic cells of the body. The complicated immunogenicity of hPSC derivatives and context dependent responses in variable transplantations greatly hurdle the practical application of hPSCs in clinic. Especially for applications of hPSCs, induction of immune tolerance at the same time increases the risks of tumorigenesis. Over the past few years, thanks to the progress in immunology and practices in organ transplantation, endeavors on exploring strategies to induce long term protection of allogeneic transplants have shed light on overcoming this barrier. Novel genetic engineering techniques also allow to precisely cradle the immune response of transplantation. Here we reviewed the current understanding on immunogenicity, and efforts have been attempted on inducing immune tolerance for hPSC derivatives, with extra focus on modifying the graft cells. We also glimpse on employing cutting-edge genome editing technologies for this purpose, which will potentially endow hPSC derivatives with the nature of wide spectrum drugs for therapy.
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7
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Sontag S, Förster M, Seré K, Zenke M. Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells) and Embryonic Stem Cells (ES Cells) into Dendritic Cell (DC) Subsets. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2419. [PMID: 34541147 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are engineered stem cells, which exhibit properties very similar to embryonic stem cells (ES cells; Takahashi and Yamanaka, 2016). Both iPS cells and ES cells have an extraordinary self-renewal capacity and can differentiate into all cell types of our body, including hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and dendritic cells (DC) derived thereof. This makes iPS cells particularly well suited for studying molecular mechanisms of diseases, drug discovery and regenerative therapy ( Grskovic et al., 2011 ; Bellin et al., 2012 ; Robinton and Daley, 2012). DC are the major antigen presenting cells of the immune system and thus they are key players in modulating and directing immune responses ( Merad et al., 2013 ). DC patrol peripheral and interface tissues (e.g., lung, intestine and skin) to detect invading pathogens, and upon activation they migrate to lymph nodes to activate and prime lymphocytes. DC comprise a phenotypically heterogeneous family with functionally specialized subsets (Schlitzer and Ginhoux, 2014). Generally, classical DC (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) are distinguished, exhibiting a classical and plasma cell-like DC morphology, respectively. cDC recognize a multitude of pathogens and secrete proinflammatory cytokines upon activation, while pDC are specialized to detect intracellular pathogens and secrete type I interferons ( Merad et al., 2013 ; Schlitzer and Ginhoux, 2014). cDC are further divided into cross-presenting cDC1 and conventional cDC2, in the human system referred to as CD141+ Clec9a+ cDC1 and CD1c+ CD14- cDC2. Human pDC are characterized as CD303+ CD304+ ( Jongbloed et al., 2010 ; Joffre et al., 2012 ; Swiecki and Colonna, 2015). To investigate subset specification and function of human DC, we established a protocol to generate cDC1, cDC2 and pDC in vitro from human iPS cells (or ES cells) ( Sontag et al., 2017 ). Therefore, we differentiated iPS cells (or ES cells), via mesoderm commitment and hemato-endothelial specification, into CD43+ CD31+ hematopoietic progenitors. Subsequently, those were seeded onto inactivated OP9 stromal cells with FLT3L, SCF, GM-CSF and IL-4 or FLT3L, SCF and GM-CSF to specify cDC1 and cDC2, or cDC1 and pDC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sontag
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Malrun Förster
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristin Seré
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, Aachen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Sontag S, Förster M, Qin J, Wanek P, Mitzka S, Schüler HM, Koschmieder S, Rose-John S, Seré K, Zenke M. Modelling IRF8 Deficient Human Hematopoiesis and Dendritic Cell Development with Engineered iPS Cells. Stem Cells 2017; 35:898-908. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sontag
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Malrun Förster
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Paul Wanek
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Saskia Mitzka
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Herdit M. Schüler
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation; RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University; Kiel Germany
| | - Kristin Seré
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
| | - Martin Zenke
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School; Aachen Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen Germany
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Takacs E, Boto P, Simo E, Csuth TI, Toth BM, Raveh-Amit H, Pap A, Kovács EG, Kobolak J, Benkö S, Dinnyes A, Szatmari I. Immunogenic Dendritic Cell Generation from Pluripotent Stem Cells by Ectopic Expression of Runx3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:239-248. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fairchild PJ, Leishman A, Sachamitr P, Telfer C, Hackett S, Davies TJ. Dendritic cells and pluripotency: unlikely allies in the pursuit of immunotherapy. Regen Med 2016; 10:275-86. [PMID: 25933237 DOI: 10.2217/rme.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the fulcrum on which the balance between the opposing forces of tolerance and immunity has been shown to pivot, dendritic cells (DC) hold significant promise for immune intervention in a variety of disease states. Here we discuss how the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells may address many of the current obstacles to the use of monocyte-derived DC in immunotherapy, providing a novel source of previously inaccessible DC subsets and opportunities for their scale-up, quality control and genetic modification. Indeed, given that it is the immunological legacy DC leave behind that is of therapeutic value, rather than their persistence per se, we propose that immunotherapy should serve as an early target for the clinical application of pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fairchild
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
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11
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Antigenically Modified Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Generate Antigen-Presenting Dendritic Cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15262. [PMID: 26471005 PMCID: PMC4608011 DOI: 10.1038/srep15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide a promising platform to produce dendritic cell (DC) vaccine. To streamline the production process, we investigated a unique antigen-loading strategy that suits this novel platform. Specifically, we stably modified hPSCs using tumour antigen genes in the form of a full-length tumour antigen gene or an artificial tumour antigen epitope-coding minigene. Such antigenically modified hPSCs were able to differentiate into tumour antigen-presenting DCs. Without conventional antigen-loading, DCs derived from the minigene-modified hPSCs were ready to prime a tumour antigen-specific T cell response and further expand these specific T cells in restimulation processes. These expanded tumour antigen-specific T cells were potent effectors with central memory or effector memory phenotype. Thus, we demonstrated that immunocompetent tumour antigen-loaded DCs can be directly generated from antigenically modified hPSCs. Using such strategy, we can completely eliminate the conventional antigen-loading step and significantly simplify the production of DC vaccine from hPSCs.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ongoing research is constantly looking for means to modulate the immune system for long-lasting engraftment of pluripotent stem cells (PSC) during stem cell-based therapies. This study reviews data on in-vitro and in-vivo immunogenicity of embryonic and induced-PSC and describes how their immunological properties can be harnessed for tolerance induction in organ transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Although PSC display immunomodulatory properties in vitro, they are capable of eliciting an immune response that leads to cell rejection when transplanted into immune-competent recipients. Nevertheless, long-term acceptance of PSC-derived cells/tissues in an allogeneic environment can be achieved using minimal host conditioning. Protocols for differentiating PSC towards haematopoietic stem cells, thymic epithelial precursors, dendritic cells, regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells are being developed, suggesting the possibility to use PSC-derived immunomodulatory cells to induce tolerance to a solid organ transplant. SUMMARY PSC and/or their derivatives possess unique immunological properties that allow for acceptance of PSC-derived tissue with minimal host conditioning. Investigators involved either in regenerative or in transplant medicine must join their efforts with the ultimate aim of using PSC as a source of donor-specific cells that would create a protolerogenic environment to achieve tolerance in solid organ transplantation.
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13
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Zhang R, Liu TY, Senju S, Haruta M, Hirosawa N, Suzuki M, Tatsumi M, Ueda N, Maki H, Nakatsuka R, Matsuoka Y, Sasaki Y, Tsuzuki S, Nakanishi H, Araki R, Abe M, Akatsuka Y, Sakamoto Y, Sonoda Y, Nishimura Y, Kuzushima K, Uemura Y. Generation of mouse pluripotent stem cell-derived proliferating myeloid cells as an unlimited source of functional antigen-presenting cells. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:668-77. [PMID: 25672396 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of dendritic cells (DC) to prime tumor-associated antigen-specific T-cell responses provides a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can differentiate into functional DCs, thus providing an unlimited source of DCs. However, the previously established methods of generating practical volumes of DCs from pluripotent stem cells (PSC) require a large number of PSCs at the start of the differentiation culture. In this study, we generated mouse proliferating myeloid cells (pMC) as a source of antigen-presenting cells (APC) using lentivirus-mediated transduction of the c-Myc gene into mouse PSC-derived myeloid cells. The pMCs could propagate almost indefinitely in a cytokine-dependent manner, while retaining their potential to differentiate into functional APCs. After treatment with IL4 plus GM-CSF, the pMCs showed impaired proliferation and differentiated into immature DC-like cells (pMC-DC) expressing low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I, MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86. In addition, exposure to maturation stimuli induced the production of TNFα and IL12p70, and enhanced the expression of MHC-II, CD40, and CD86, which is thus suggestive of typical DC maturation. Similar to bone marrow-derived DCs, they stimulated a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction. Furthermore, the in vivo transfer of pMC-DCs pulsed with H-2K(b)-restricted OVA257-264 peptide primed OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells and elicited protection in mice against challenge with OVA-expressing melanoma. Overall, myeloid cells exhibiting cytokine-dependent proliferation and DC-like differentiation may be used to address issues associated with the preparation of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tian-Yi Liu
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan. Key Laboratory of Cancer Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Miwa Haruta
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - Narumi Hirosawa
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Division of Analytical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Motoharu Suzuki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minako Tatsumi
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ueda
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maki
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nakatsuka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuzuki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hayao Nakanishi
- Division of Oncological Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryoko Araki
- Transcriptome Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masumi Abe
- Transcriptome Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Akatsuka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sakamoto
- Department of Biomedical Research Center, Division of Analytical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Sonoda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kuzushima
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uemura
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan. CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan.
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14
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Liu S, Xu Y, Zhou Z, Feng B, Huang H. Progress and challenges in generating functional hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:344-58. [PMID: 25680303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro holds great potential for providing alternative sources of donor cells for clinical HSC transplantation. However, the low efficiency of current protocols for generating blood lineages and the dysfunction identified in hPSC-derived hematopoietic cells limit their use for full hematopoietic reconstitution in clinics. This review outlines the current understanding of in vitro hematopoietic differentiation from hPSCs, emphasizes the intrinsic and extrinsic molecular mechanisms that are attributed to the aberrant phenotype and function in hPSC-derived hematopoietic cells, pinpoints the current challenges to develop the truly functional HSCs from hPSCs for clinical applications and explores their potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senquan Liu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zijing Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; SBS Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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15
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Ikeda T, Hirata S, Takamatsu K, Haruta M, Tsukamoto H, Ito T, Uchino M, Ando Y, Nagafuchi S, Nishimura Y, Senju S. Suppression of Th1-mediated autoimmunity by embryonic stem cell-derived dendritic cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115198. [PMID: 25522369 PMCID: PMC4270741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein demonstrate the immune-regulatory effect of embryonic stem cell-derived dendritic cells (ES-DCs) using two models of autoimmune disease, namely non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Treatment of pre-diabetic NOD mice with ES-DCs exerted almost complete suppression of diabetes development during the observation period for more than 40 weeks. The prevention of diabetes by ES-DCs was accompanied with significant reduction of insulitis and decreased number of Th1 and Th17 cells in the spleen. Development of EAE was also inhibited by the treatment with ES-DCs, and the therapeutic effect was obtained even if ES-DCs were administrated after the onset of clinical symptoms. Treatment of EAE-induced mice with ES-DCs reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the spinal cord and suppressed the T cell response to the myelin antigen. Importantly, the ES-DC treatment did not affect T cell response to an exogenous antigen. As the mechanisms underlying the reduction of the number of infiltrating Th1 cells, we observed the inhibition of differentiation and proliferation of Th1 cells by ES-DCs. Furthermore, the expression of VLA-4α on Th1 cells was significantly inhibited by ES-DCs. Considering the recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell-related technologies, these results suggest a clinical application for pluripotent stem cell-derived dendritic cells as a therapy for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokunori Ikeda
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shinya Hirata
- Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koutaro Takamatsu
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miwa Haruta
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Hirotake Tsukamoto
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Medicine, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Neurology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiho Nagafuchi
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Kyushu University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Kawaguchi, Japan
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16
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Zeng J, Wang S. Human dendritic cells derived from embryonic stem cells stably modified with CD1d efficiently stimulate antitumor invariant natural killer T cell response. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:69-80. [PMID: 24292792 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique lymphocyte subpopulation that mediates antitumor activities upon activation. A current strategy to harness iNKT cells for cancer treatment is endogenous iNKT cell activation using patient-derived dendritic cells (DCs). However, the limited number and functional defects of patient DCs are still the major challenges for this therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigated whether human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) with an ectopically expressed CD1d gene could be exploited to address this issue. Using a lentivector carrying an optimized expression cassette, we generated stably modified hESC lines that consistently overexpressed CD1d. These modified hESC lines were able to differentiate into DCs as efficiently as the parental line. Most importantly, more than 50% of such derived DCs were CD1d+. These CD1d-overexpressing DCs were more efficient in inducing iNKT cell response than those without modification, and their ability was comparable to that of DCs generated from monocytes of healthy donors. The iNKT cells expanded by the CD1d-overexpressing DCs were functional, as demonstrated by their ability to lyse iNKT cell-sensitive glioma cells. Therefore, hESCs stably modified with the CD1d gene may serve as a convenient, unlimited, and competent DC source for iNKT cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Zeng
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Haruta M, Tomita Y, Imamura Y, Matsumura K, Ikeda T, Takamatsu K, Nishimura Y, Senju S. Generation of a large number of functional dendritic cells from human monocytes expanded by forced expression of cMYC plus BMI1. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1400-8. [PMID: 23811433 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer vaccination therapies with monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) are widely conducted. A large number of primary monocytes (approximately 10(8) cells) are needed to generate the number of DC required to achieve an effect upon vaccination, and monocytes are usually purified from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained by apheresis procedure, which is somehow invasive for cancer patients. As a means to facilitate the generation of DC for therapeutic use, we herein report a method to amplify human monocytes. We found that lentivirus-mediated transduction of cMYC along with BMI1 induced proliferation of CD14(+) monocytes derived from 9 out of 12 blood donors, and we named the monocyte-derived proliferating cells CD14-ML. Their proliferation continued for 3-5 weeks in the presence of M-CSF and GM-CSF, resulting in 20-1000-fold amplification. Importantly, the expanded CD14-ML differentiated into fully functional DC (CD14-ML-DC) upon the addition of IL-4 to the culture. We successfully stimulated autologous CD8(+) T cells with CD14-ML-DC pulsed with cytomegalovirus peptide or MART-1 peptide to generate antigen-specific CTL lines. This is the first report describing the method for in vitro expansion of human peripheral blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Haruta
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
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18
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Lin FKY, Chui YL. Generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse cancer cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2012; 27:694-700. [PMID: 22891678 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of cancer cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opens up the possibility of converting malignant cells into any cell type, including those best suited to be developed as cancer vaccines. Mouse models are needed to evaluate and optimize the therapeutic efficacy of such novel cancer vaccines. However, only human cancer cell lines have been reported as being reprogrammed into iPSCs. Here, we report a proof-of-principle study which shows that mouse cancer cells can be reprogrammed into iPSCs that are capable of subsequent differentiation. Four canonical reprogramming transcription factors, Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, were introduced by plasmid transfection into mouse Lewis lung carcinoma D122 harboring Nanog-GFP reporter. Green fluorescent cells were found clustered into embryonic stem cell (ESC)-like colonies expressing ESC markers, Oct4 and SSEA-1. Bisulfite genomic sequencing analyses of these cells revealed hypomethylation of the Nanog promoter. The expression of a host of pluripotency genes by these reprogrammed cells at levels similar to those of ESCs was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Functional pluripotency of the reprogrammed cells was demonstrated by their ability to form embryoid bodies and differentiate into neuronal progenitors on retinoic acid treatment. This study indicates the feasibility of developing iPSC-based experimental cancer vaccines for immunotherapy in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Ka-Yin Lin
- Department of Chemical Pathology and Sir Y.K. Pao Centre for Cancer, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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19
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TAP-deficient human iPS cell-derived myeloid cell lines as unlimited cell source for dendritic cell-like antigen-presenting cells. Gene Ther 2012; 20:504-13. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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20
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Mohib K, Wang L. Differentiation and characterization of dendritic cells from human embryonic stem cells. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2012; Chapter 22:22F.11.1-22F.11.22. [PMID: 22855358 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im22f11s98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer great hope in regenerative medicine. Their ability to give rise to almost any type of cell present in the adult body makes them an invaluable tool in finding cures for a variety of diseases. While considerable protocols have been devised to efficiently differentiate hESCs into various cells types including cells of hematopoietic origin, this protocol will focus on the derivation of dendritic cells (DC), a potent antigen-presenting cell. DCs are a highly important arm of the immune system, as they represent one of the few cells that bridge the innate and adaptive systems, leading to effective pathogen clearance. The study of DCs has led to potential applications in diverse fields, such as vaccine development, tumor immunology, and transplantation. In this protocol, we describe two different methods of differentiating hESCs into DCs. The first method uses OP9 bone marrow stromal supporting cells as a coculture system, while the second method utilizes the formation of embryoid body (EB, cellular aggregate) as an approach. To assure the successful outcome and subsequent assessment of the differentiated DCs, supporting protocols have been included in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Mohib
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Zeng J, Shahbazi M, Wu C, Toh HC, Wang S. Enhancing Immunostimulatory Function of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Dendritic Cells by CD1d Overexpression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4297-304. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Rapamycin conditioning of dendritic cells differentiated from human ES cells promotes a tolerogenic phenotype. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:172420. [PMID: 22505805 PMCID: PMC3303870 DOI: 10.1155/2012/172420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may one day facilitate the treatment of degenerative diseases requiring cell replacement therapy, the success of regenerative medicine is predicated on overcoming the rejection of replacement tissues. Given the role played by dendritic cells (DCs) in the establishment of immunological tolerance, we have proposed that DC, rendered tolerogenic during their differentiation from hESC, might predispose recipients to accept replacement tissues. As a first step towards this goal, we demonstrate that DC differentiated from H1 hESCs (H1-DCs) are particularly responsive to the immunosuppressive agent rapamycin compared to monocyte-derived DC (moDC). While rapamycin had only modest impact on the phenotype and function of moDC, H1-DC failed to upregulate CD40 upon maturation and displayed reduced immunostimulatory capacity. Furthermore, coculture of naïve allogeneic T cells with rapamycin-treated H1-DC promoted an increased appearance of CD25hi Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, compared to moDC. Our findings suggest that conditioning of hESC-derived DC with rapamycin favours a tolerogenic phenotype.
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23
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Nishimoto KP, Tseng SY, Lebkowski JS, Reddy A. Modification of human embryonic stem cell-derived dendritic cells with mRNA for efficient antigen presentation and enhanced potency. Regen Med 2011; 6:303-18. [PMID: 21548736 DOI: 10.2217/rme.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines are designed to exploit the intrinsic capacity of these highly effective antigen presenting cells to prime and boost antigen-specific T-cell immune responses. Successful development of DC-based vaccines will be dependent on the ability to utilize and harness the full potential of these potent immune stimulatory cells. Recent advances to generate DCs derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) that are suitable for clinical use represent an alternative strategy from conventional approaches of using patient-specific DCs. Although the differentiation of hESC-derived DCs in serum-free defined conditions has been established, the stimulatory potential of these hESC-derived DCs have not been fully evaluated. METHODS hESC-derived DCs were differentiated in serum-free defined culture conditions. The delivery of antigen into hESC-derived DCs was investigated using mRNA transfection and replication-deficient adenoviral vector transduction. hESC-derived DCs modified with antigen were evaluated for their capacity to stimulate antigen-specific T-cell responses with known HLA matching. Since IL-12 is a key cytokine that drives T-cell function, further enhancement of DC potency was evaluated by transfecting mRNA encoding the IL-12p70 protein into hESC-derived DCs. RESULTS The transfection of mRNA into hESC-derived DCs was effective for heterologous protein expression. The efficiency of adenoviral vector transduction into hESC-derived DCs was poor. These mRNA-transfected DCs were capable of stimulating human telomerase reverse transcriptase antigen-specific T cells composed of varying degrees of HLA matching. In addition, we observed the transfection of mRNA encoding IL-12p70 enhanced the T-cell stimulation potency of hESC-derived DCs. CONCLUSION These data provide support for the development and modification of hESC-derived DCs with mRNA as a potential strategy for the induction of T-cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Nishimoto
- Geron Corporation, 230 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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24
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Creager HM, Becker EA, Sandman KK, Karl JA, Lank SM, Bimber BN, Wiseman RW, Hughes AL, O’Connor SL, O’Connor DH. Characterization of full-length MHC class II sequences in Indonesian and Vietnamese cynomolgus macaques. Immunogenetics 2011; 63:611-8. [PMID: 21614582 PMCID: PMC3156323 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of cynomolgus macaques in biomedical research has increased greatly. However, with the exception of the Mauritian population, knowledge of the MHC class II genetics of the species remains limited. Here, using cDNA cloning and Sanger sequencing, we identified 127 full-length MHC class II alleles in a group of 12 Indonesian and 12 Vietnamese cynomolgus macaques. Forty two of these were completely novel to cynomolgus macaques while 61 extended the sequence of previously identified alleles from partial to full length. This more than doubles the number of full-length cynomolgus macaque MHC class II alleles available in GenBank, significantly expanding the allele library for the species and laying the groundwork for future evolutionary and functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Creager
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53715
| | - Ericka A. Becker
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53715
| | - Kelly K. Sandman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53715
| | - Julie A. Karl
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53715
| | - Simon M. Lank
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53715
| | - Benjamin N. Bimber
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53715
| | - Roger W. Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53715
| | - Austin L Hughes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53705
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53715
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 53705
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25
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Interleukin-4 enhances trafficking and functional activities of GM-CSF-stimulated mouse myeloid-derived dendritic cells at late differentiation stage. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2210-21. [PMID: 21741972 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) are being employed as an important model for translational research into the development of DC-based therapeutics. For such use, the localization and specialized mobility of injected BMDCs within specific immune tissues are known to define their immunity and usefulness in vivo. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-4, a key driving factor for in vitro propagation and differentiation of BMDCs, when added during a late culture stage can enhance the in vivo trafficking activity of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-induced BMDCs. It suggests that the temporal control of IL-4 stimulation during the in vitro generation of DCs drastically affects the DC trafficking efficiency in vivo. With this modification of IL-4 stimulation, we also show that much less cytokine was needed to generate BMDCs with high purity and yield that secrete a high level of cytokines and possess a good capacity to induce proliferation of allogeneic CD4+ T cells, as compared to the conventional method that uses a continuous supplement of GM-CSF and IL-4 throughout cultivation. These results provide us with an important know-how for differentiation of BMDCs from myeloid stem cells, and for use of other immune cells in related medical or stem cell applications.
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26
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Senju S, Matsunaga Y, Fukushima S, Hirata S, Motomura Y, Fukuma D, Matsuyoshi H, Nishimura Y. Immunotherapy with pluripotent stem cell-derived dendritic cells. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 33:603-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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27
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Senju S, Haruta M, Matsumura K, Matsunaga Y, Fukushima S, Ikeda T, Takamatsu K, Irie A, Nishimura Y. Generation of dendritic cells and macrophages from human induced pluripotent stem cells aiming at cell therapy. Gene Ther 2011; 18:874-83. [PMID: 21430784 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This report describes generation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. iPS cell-derived DC (iPS-DC) exhibited the morphology of typical DC and function of T-cell stimulation and antigen presentation. iPS-DC loaded with cytomegalovirus (CMV) peptide induced vigorous expansion of CMV-specific autologous CD8+ T cells. Macrophages (iPS-MP) with activity of zymosan phagocytosis and C5a-induced chemotaxis were also generated from iPS cells. Genetically modified iPS-MPs were generated by the introduction of expression vectors into undifferentiated iPS cells, isolation of transfectant iPS cell clone and subsequent differentiation. By this procedure, we generated iPS-MP expressing a membrane-bound form of single chain antibody (scFv) specific to amyloid β (Aβ), the causal protein of Alzheimer's disease. The scFv-transfectant iPS-MP exhibited efficient Aβ-specific phagocytosis activity. iPS-MP expressing CD20-specific scFv engulfed and killed BALL-1 B-cell leukemia cells. Anti-BALL-1 effect of iPS-MP in vivo was demonstrated in a xeno-transplantation model using severe combined immunodeficient mice. In addition, we established a xeno-free culture protocol to generate iPS-DC and iPS-MP. Collectively, we demonstrated the possibility of application of iPS-DC and macrophages to cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Choi KD, Vodyanik M, Slukvin II. Hematopoietic differentiation and production of mature myeloid cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 2011; 6:296-313. [PMID: 21372811 PMCID: PMC3066067 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a protocol for hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and generation of mature myeloid cells from hPSCs through expansion and differentiation of hPSC-derived lin(-)CD34(+)CD43(+)CD45(+) multipotent progenitors. The protocol comprises three major steps: (i) induction of hematopoietic differentiation by coculture of hPSCs with OP9 bone marrow stromal cells; (ii) short-term expansion of multipotent myeloid progenitors with a high dose of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; and (iii) directed differentiation of myeloid progenitors into neutrophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells, macrophages and osteoclasts. The generation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitors from hPSCs requires 9 d of culture and an additional 2 d to expand myeloid progenitors. Differentiation of myeloid progenitors into mature myeloid cells requires an additional 5-19 d of culture with cytokines, depending on the cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Dal Choi
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Maxim Vodyanik
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Igor I. Slukvin
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin Graduate School, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI 53715
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53792
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Chicha L, Feki A, Boni A, Irion O, Hovatta O, Jaconi M. Human pluripotent stem cells differentiated in fully defined medium generate hematopoietic CD34- and CD34+ progenitors with distinct characteristics. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14733. [PMID: 21364915 PMCID: PMC3045374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of pluripotent stem cells in vitro provides a powerful means to investigate early developmental fates, including hematopoiesis. In particular, the use of a fully defined medium (FDM) would avoid biases induced by unidentified factors contained in serum, and would also allow key molecular mediators involved in such a process to be identified. Our goal was to induce in vitro, the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into morphologically and phenotypically mature leukocytes and erythrocytes, in the complete absence of serum and feeder cells. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS ESC and iPSC were sequentially induced in liquid cultures for 4 days with bone morphogenic protein-4, and for 4 days with FLT3-ligand, stem cell factor, thrombopoietin and vascular endothelium growth factor. Cell differentiation status was investigated by both mRNA expression and FACS expression profiles. Cells were further sorted and assayed for their hematopoietic properties in colony-forming unit (CFU) assays. In liquid cultures, cells progressively down-modulated Oct-4 expression while a sizeable cell fraction expressed CD34 de novo. SCL/Tal1 and Runx1 transcripts were exclusively detected in CD34(+) cells. In clonal assays, both ESC and iPSC-derived cells generated CFU, albeit with a 150-fold lower efficacy than cord blood (CB) CD34(+) cells. ESC-derived CD34(+) cells generated myeloid and fully hemoglobinized erythroid cells whereas CD34(-) cells almost exclusively generated small erythroid colonies. Both ESC and iPSC-derived erythroid cells expressed embryonic and fetal globins but were unable to synthesize adult β-globin in contrast with CB cells, suggesting that they had differentiated from primitive rather than from definitive hematopoietic progenitors. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Short-term, animal protein-free culture conditions are sufficient to sustain the differentiation of human ESC and iPSC into primitive hematopoietic progenitors, which, in turn, produce more mature blood cell types. However, additional factors have yet to be identified to allow their differentiation into definitive erythroid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Chicha
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anis Feki
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Boni
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Irion
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marisa Jaconi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Fukushima S, Ihn H, Nishimura Y, Senju S. [Cancer immunotherapy by utilizing dedritic cells derived from pluripotent stem cells]. NIHON RINSHO MEN'EKI GAKKAI KAISHI = JAPANESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 34:113-120. [PMID: 21720099 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.34.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It was recently revealed that ES-cell like pluripotent stem cells, designated as iPS cells, can be generated from somatic cells. iPS cells could be used as not only a source of regeneration medicine, but also a source of cell vaccine. Pluripotent stem cells are characterized by pluripotency and infinite propagation capacity. Non-virus-mediated methods for gene transfer have been established. Genetic modification of pluripotent stem cells and subsequent in vitro differentiation to dendritic cells would be an attractive strategy. Here we describe the previous studies about cancer immunotherapy by utilizing dendritic cells derived from pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Fukushima
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Japan
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Ikeda T, Hirata S, Fukushima S, Matsunaga Y, Ito T, Uchino M, Nishimura Y, Senju S. Dual Effects of TRAIL in Suppression of Autoimmunity: The Inhibition of Th1 Cells and the Promotion of Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:5259-67. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Boyd AS, Fairchild PJ. Approaches for immunological tolerance induction to stem cell-derived cell replacement therapies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 6:435-48. [PMID: 20441429 DOI: 10.1586/eci.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The shortage of donors for organ transplantation and also to treat degenerative diseases has led to the development of the new field of regenerative medicine. One aim of this field, in addition to in vivo induction of endogenous tissue regeneration, is to utilize stem cells as a supplementary source of cells to repair or replace tissues or organs that have ceased to function owing to ageing or autoimmunity. Embryonic stem cells hold promise in this respect because of their developmental capacity to generate all tissues within the body. More recently, the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic cells reprogrammed to a primitive embryonic-like state by the introduction of pluripotency factors, may also act as an important cell source for cell replacement therapy. However, before cell replacement therapy can become a reality, one must consider how to overcome the potential transplant rejection of stem cell-derived products. There are several potential ways to circumvent the hurdles presented by the immune system in this setting, not least the induction of immunological tolerance in the host. In this review, we consider this and other approaches for engendering acceptance of stem cell-derived tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh S Boyd
- Stem Cell Sciences Lab, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13RE, UK.
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Pluripotent stem cells as source of dendritic cells for immune therapy. Int J Hematol 2010; 91:392-400. [PMID: 20155337 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-010-0520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. In vivo transfer of antigen-bearing DC has proven efficient in priming T cell responses specific to the antigen. DC-based cellular vaccination is now regarded as a powerful means for immunotherapy, especially for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trials of therapy with DC pulsed with peptide antigens or genetically modified to present antigens are currently carried out in many institutions. In addition, antigen-specific negative regulation of immune response by DC is considered to be a promising approach for treatments of autoimmune diseases and also for regulation of allo-reactive immune response causing graft rejection and GVHD in transplantation medicine. DC for transfer therapy are now generated by in vitro differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes of the patients. However, there is a limitation in the number of available monocytes, and the DC-differentiation potential of monocytes varies depending on the blood donor. Embryonic stem (ES) cells possess both pluripotency and infinite propagation capacity. We consider ES cells to be an ideal source for DC to be used in immunotherapy. Several groups, including us, have developed methods to generate DC from ES cells. This review introduces the studies on generation, characterization, and genetic modification of DC derived from ES cells or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The issues to be resolved before clinical application of pluripotent stem cell-derived DC will also be discussed.
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Tseng SY, Nishimoto KP, Silk KM, Majumdar AS, Dawes GN, Waldmann H, Fairchild PJ, Lebkowski JS, Reddy A. Generation of immunogenic dendritic cells from human embryonic stem cells without serum and feeder cells. Regen Med 2009; 4:513-26. [PMID: 19580370 DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have a potential utility for use in the treatment of malignancy. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) may provide a more cost-effective and reliable source of DCs for immunotherapy purposes, providing on-demand access for patients. METHOD We developed a protocol to generate DCs from hESCs in vitro in the absence of serum and feeder cells. This protocol uses growth factors bone morphogenetic protein-4, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), stem cell factor and VEGF in serum-free media to generate hESC-derived monocytic cells. These cells are further differentiated to hESC-derived immature DCs with GM-CSF and IL-4, and matured to hESC-derived mature DCs with a maturation cocktail consisting of GM-CSF, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma and PGE2. RESULTS This study demonstrates the applicability of our defined differentiation process in generating functional hESC-derived DCs from multiple hESC lines. We show that hESC-derived immature DCs phagocytose, process, and present antigen upon maturation. hESC-derived mature DCs express the maturation marker CD83, produce Th1-directing cytokine IL-12p70, migrate in response to chemokine, and activate both viral and tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses. CONCLUSION We developed a chemically defined system to generate unlimited numbers of DCs from hESCs. Our results demonstrate that hESC-derived DCs generated from this process are immunogenic and have the potential to be used for DC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yi Tseng
- Geron Corporation, 230 Constitution Drive, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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Choi KD, Vodyanik MA, Slukvin II. Generation of mature human myelomonocytic cells through expansion and differentiation of pluripotent stem cell-derived lin-CD34+CD43+CD45+ progenitors. J Clin Invest 2009; 119:2818-29. [PMID: 19726877 DOI: 10.1172/jci38591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic research into human mature myelomonocytic cell function, myeloid lineage diversification and leukemic transformation, and assessment of myelotoxicity in preclinical drug development requires a constant supply of donor blood or bone marrow samples and laborious purification of mature myeloid cells or progenitors, which are present in very small quantities. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a protocol for efficient generation of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, osteoclasts, DCs, and Langerhans cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). As a first step, we generated lin-CD34+CD43+CD45+ hematopoietic cells highly enriched in myeloid progenitors through coculture of hESCs with OP9 feeder cells. After expansion in the presence of GM-CSF, these cells were directly differentiated with specific cytokine combinations toward mature cells of particular types. Morphologic, phenotypic, molecular, and functional analyses revealed that hESC-derived myelomonocytic cells were comparable to their corresponding somatic counterparts. In addition, we demonstrated that a similar protocol could be used to generate myelomonocytic cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). This technology offers an opportunity to generate large numbers of patient-specific myelomonocytic cells for in vitro studies of human disease mechanisms as well as for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Dal Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA
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Toward clinical therapies using hematopoietic cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Blood 2009; 114:3513-23. [PMID: 19652198 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-191304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide remarkable cellular platforms to better understand human hematopoiesis and to develop clinically applicable hematopoietic cell-based therapies. Over the past decade, hESCs have been used to characterize molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors and mature, functional hematopoietic cells. These advances are now poised to lead to clinical translation of hESC- and iPSC-derived hematopoietic cells for novel therapies in the next few years. On the basis of areas of recent success, initial clinical use of hematopoietic cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells will probably be in the areas of transfusion therapies (erythrocytes and platelets) and immune therapies (natural killer cells). In contrast, efficient development and isolation of hematopoietic stem cells capable of long-term, multilineage engraftment still remains a significant challenge. Technical, safety, and regulatory concerns related to clinical applications of human PSCs must be appropriately addressed. However, proper consideration of these issues should facilitate and not inhibit clinical translation of new therapies. This review outlines the current status of hematopoietic cell development and what obstacles must be surmounted to bring hematopoietic cell therapies from human PSCs from "bench to bedside."
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Harnessing dendritic cells for the induction of transplantation tolerance. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2009; 14:344-50. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32832c6a1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Senju S, Haruta M, Matsunaga Y, Fukushima S, Ikeda T, Takahashi K, Okita K, Yamanaka S, Nishimura Y. Characterization of dendritic cells and macrophages generated by directed differentiation from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2009; 27:1021-31. [PMID: 19415766 DOI: 10.1002/stem.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Methods have been established to generate dendritic cells (DCs) from mouse and human embryonic stem (ES) cells. We designated them as ES-DCs and mouse models have demonstrated the induction of anti-cancer immunity and prevention of autoimmune disease by in vivo administration of genetically engineered ES-DCs. For the future clinical application of ES-DCs, the histoincompatibility between patients to be treated and available human ES cells and the ethical concerns associated with human ES cells may be serious obstacles. However, recently developed induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology is expected to resolve these issues. This report describes the generation and characterization of DCs derived from mouse iPS cells. The iPS cell-derived DCs (iPS-DCs) possessed the characteristics of DCs including the capacity of T-cell-stimulation, antigen-processing and presentation and cytokine production. DNA microarray analyses revealed the upregulation of genes related to antigen-presenting functions during differentiation into iPS-DCs and similarity in gene expression profile in iPS-DCs and bone marrow cell-derived DCs. Genetically modified iPS-DCs expressing antigenic protein primed T-cells specific to the antigen in vivo and elicited efficient antigen-specific anti-tumor immunity. In addition, macrophages were generated from iPS cells (iPS-MP). iPS-MP were comparable with bone marrow cell-derived macrophages in the cell surface phenotype, functions, and gene expression profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Multiple antigen-targeted immunotherapy with alpha-galactosylceramide-loaded and genetically engineered dendritic cells derived from embryonic stem cells. J Immunother 2009; 32:219-31. [PMID: 19242378 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e318194b63b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have been identified and their use in immunotherapy is considered to be promising. For TAA-based immunotherapy to be broadly applied as standard anticancer medicine, methods for active immunization should be improved. In the present study, we demonstrated the efficacy of multiple TAA-targeted dendritic cell (DC) vaccines and also the additive effects of loading alpha-galactosylceramide to DC using mouse melanoma models. On the basis of previously established methods to generate DC from mouse embryonic stem cells (ES-DC), 4 kinds of genetically modified ES-DC, which expressed the melanoma-associated antigens, glypican-3, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, tyrosinase-related protein-2, or gp100 were generated. Anticancer effects elicited by immunization with the ES-DC were assessed in preventive and also therapeutic settings in the models of peritoneal dissemination and spontaneous metastasis to lymph node and lung. The in vivo transfer of a mixture of 3 kinds of TAA-expressing ES-DC protected the recipient mice from melanoma cells more effectively than the transfer of ES-DC expressing single TAA, thus demonstrating the advantage of multiple as compared with single TAA-targeted immunotherapy. Loading ES-DC with alpha-galactosylceramide further enhanced the anticancer effects, suggesting that excellent synergic effects of TAA-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer T cells against metastatic melanoma can be achieved by using genetically modified ES-DC. With the aid of advancing technologies related to pluripotent stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and ES cells, clinical application of DC highly potent in eliciting anticancer immunity will be realized in the near future.
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Matsunaga Y, Fukuma D, Hirata S, Fukushima S, Haruta M, Ikeda T, Negishi I, Nishimura Y, Senju S. Activation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by beta 2-microglobulin or TAP1 gene disruption and the introduction of recipient-matched MHC class I gene in allogeneic embryonic stem cell-derived dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 181:6635-43. [PMID: 18941254 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.6635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A method for the genetic modification of dendritic cells (DC) was previously established based on the in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells to DC (ES-DC). The unavailability of human ES cells genetically identical to the patients will be a problem in the future clinical application of this technology. This study attempted to establish a strategy to overcome this issue. The TAP1 or beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) gene was disrupted in 129 (H-2(b))-derived ES cells and then expression vectors for the H-2K(d) or beta(2)m-linked form of K(d) (beta2m-K(d)) were introduced, thus resulting in two types of genetically engineered ES-DC, TAP1(-/-)/K(d) ES-DC and beta(2)m(-/-)/beta(2)m-K(d) ES-DC. As intended, both of the transfectant ES-DC expressed K(d) but not the intrinsic H-2(b) haplotype-derived MHC class I. Beta(2)m(-/-)/beta(2)m-K(d) and TAP1(-/-)/K(d) ES-DC were not recognized by pre-activated H-2(b)-reactive CTL and did not prime H-2(b) reactive CTL in vitro or in vivo. Beta(2)m(-/-)/beta(2)m-K(d) ES-DC and TAP1(-/-)/K(d) ES-DC had a survival advantage in comparison to beta(2)m(+/-)/beta(2)m-K(d) ES-DC and TAP1(+/+)/K(d) ES-DC, when transferred into BALB/c mice. K(d)-restricted RSV-M2-derived peptide-loaded ES-DC could prime the epitope-specific CTL upon injection into the BALB/c mice, irrespective of the cell surface expression of intrinsic H-2(b) haplotype-encoded MHC class I. Beta(2)m(-/-)/beta(2)m-K(d) ES-DC were significantly more efficient in eliciting immunity against RSV M2 protein-expressing tumor cells than beta(2)m(+/-)/beta(2)m-K(d) ES-DC. The modification of the beta(2)m or TAP gene may therefore be an effective strategy to resolve the problem of HLA class I allele mismatch between human ES or induced pluripotent stem cells and the recipients to be treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsunaga
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
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Su Z, Frye C, Bae KM, Kelley V, Vieweg J. Differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into immunostimulatory dendritic cells under feeder-free culture conditions. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:6207-17. [PMID: 18829500 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to develop a scalable and broadly applicable active immunotherapy approach against cancer, circumventing the limitations typically encountered with autologous vaccination strategies. We hypothesized that human embryonic stem cells (hESC) can serve as a virtually unlimited source for generating dendritic cells (DC) with potent antigen-presenting function. Here, we investigated the developmental processes and requirements for generating large numbers of mature, antigen-presenting DC from pluripotent hESC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A feeder cell-free culture system was developed to differentiate hESC into mature DC sequentially through hematopoietic and myeloid precursor stages. RESULTS Using this method, we were able to yield large numbers of mature immunostimulatory DC from hESC to enable clinical investigation. Upon activation, the hESC-derived DC secreted interleukin-12p70, migrated in response to MIP-3beta, and exhibited allostimulatory capacity. Most importantly, antigen-loaded, hESC-derived DC were capable of stimulating potent antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in an HLA class I-matched semiallogeneic assay system. Moreover, HLA class II-mismatched hESC-derived DC induced a potent Th1-type cytokine response without expanding FOXP3(+) regulatory T cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the development of a novel active immunotherapy platform to stimulate potent T-cell immunity in patients with intractable diseases, such as cancer or viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Su
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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NISHIMURA Y, NAKATSURA T, SENJU S. Usefulness of a novel oncofetal antigen, Glypican-3, for diagnosis and immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 31:383-91. [DOI: 10.2177/jsci.31.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu NISHIMURA
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Tetsuya NAKATSURA
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Satoru SENJU
- Department of Immunogenetics, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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