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Li W, Cao L, Li M, Yang X, Zhang W, Song Z, Wang X, Zhang L, Morahan G, Qin C, Gao R. Novel spontaneous myelodysplastic syndrome mouse model. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:169-180. [PMID: 34179724 PMCID: PMC8212821 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a group of disorders involving hemopoietic dysfunction leading to leukemia. Although recently progress has been made in identifying underlying genetic mutations, many questions still remain. Animal models of MDS have been produced by introduction of specific mutations. However, there is no spontaneous mouse model of MDS, and an animal model to simulate natural MDS pathogenesis is urgently needed. Methods In characterizing the genetically diverse mouse strains of the Collaborative Cross (CC) we observed that one, designated JUN, had abnormal hematological traits. This strain was thus further analyzed for phenotypic and pathological identification, comparing the changes in each cell population in peripheral blood and in bone marrow. Results In a specific-pathogen free environment, mice of the JUN strain are relatively thin, with healthy appearance. However, in a conventional environment, they become lethargic, develop wrinkled yellow hair, have loose and light stools, and are prone to infections. We found that the mice were cytopenic, which was due to abnormal differentiation of multipotent bone marrow progenitor cells. These are common characteristics of MDS. Conclusions A mouse strain, JUN, was found displaying spontaneous myelodysplastic syndrome. This strain has the advantage over existing models in that it develops MDS spontaneously and is more similar to human MDS than genetically modified mouse models. JUN mice will be an important tool for pathogenesis research of MDS and for evaluation of new drugs and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisha Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Lin Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Mengyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Xingjiu Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Zhiqi Song
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Xinpei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Lingyan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Grant Morahan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Chuan Qin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
| | - Ran Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineBeijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical College (PUMC)BeijingChina
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Chatterjee R, Gupta S, Law S. Hematopathological alterations of major tumor suppressor cascade, vital cell cycle inhibitors and hematopoietic niche components in experimental myelodysplasia. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 273:1-10. [PMID: 28549617 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a poorly understood dreadful hematopoietic disorder that involves maturational defect and abnormalities in blood cell production leading to dysplastic changes and peripheral blood pancytopenia. The present work aims in establishing the mechanistic relationship of the expressional alterations of major tumor suppressor cascade, vital cell cycle inhibitors and hematopoietic microenvironmental components with the disease pathophysiologies. The study involves the development of N-N' Ethylnitrosourea (ENU) induced mouse model of MDS, characterization of the disease with blood film and bone marrow smear studies, scanning electron microscopic observation, mitochondrial membrane potential determination, flowcytometric analysis of osteoblastic and vascular niche components along with the expressional study of cleaved caspase-3, PCNA, Chk-2, p53, Ndn, Gfi-1, Tie-2, Sdf-1, Gsk-3β, p18 and Myt-1 in the bone marrow compartment. Dysplastic features were found in peripheral blood of MDS mice which seemed to be the consequence of three marrow pathophysiological conditions viz; aberrant rise of cellular proliferation, increased apoptosis and crowding of abnormal blast population. Expressional decline of the p53 cascade involving Chk-2, p53, Ndn, Gfi-1 along with the downregulation of major cell cycle inhibitors seemed to be associated with the hyper-proliferative nature of bone marrow cells during MDS. Moreover the disruption of osteoblastic niche components added to the decreased hematopoietic quiescency. Increased marrow vascular niche components signified the pre-malignant state of MDS. Elevated cellular apoptosis and rise in the blast burden were also found to be associated with the p53 expression dependent collapsing of mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulation of Tie-2 respectively. The study established the mechanistic correlation between the alterations of the mentioned signaling components and hematopoietic anomalies during MDS which may be beneficial for the development of therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritam Chatterjee
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Shubhangi Gupta
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Sujata Law
- Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R Avenue, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India.
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Platzbecker U, Wong RSM, Verma A, Abboud C, Araujo S, Chiou TJ, Feigert J, Yeh SP, Götze K, Gorin NC, Greenberg P, Kambhampati S, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Lyons R, Ruggeri M, Santini V, Cheng G, Jang JH, Chen CY, Johnson B, Bennett J, Mannino F, Kamel YM, Stone N, Dougherty S, Chan G, Giagounidis A. Safety and tolerability of eltrombopag versus placebo for treatment of thrombocytopenia in patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndromes or acute myeloid leukaemia: a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 1/2 trial. LANCET HAEMATOLOGY 2015; 2:e417-26. [PMID: 26686043 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(15)00149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukaemia who are thrombocytopenic and unable to receive disease-modifying therapy have few treatment options. Platelet transfusions provide transient benefit and are limited by alloimmunisation. Eltrombopag, an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist, increases platelet counts and has preclinical antileukaemic activity. We aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of eltrombopag for the treatment of thrombocytopenia in adult patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome, secondary acute myeloid leukaemia after myelodysplastic syndrome, or de-novo acute myeloid leukaemia. METHODS We did this multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 1/2 trial at 37 centres in ten countries in Europe, east Asia, and the Americas. Patients aged 18 years or older who had relapsed or refractory disease or were ineligible for standard treatments; had platelet counts of less than 30 × 10(9) platelets per L; had 10-50% bone-marrow blasts; or were platelet transfusion dependent were randomly assigned (2:1), via a telephone-based interactive voice-response system (GlaxoSmithKline Registration and Medication Ordering System) with a permuted-block randomisation schedule (block size of three), to receive once-daily eltrombopag or matching placebo dose adjusted from 50 mg to a maximum dose of 300 mg. Randomisation was stratified by presence of poor-prognosis (complex) karyotype (presence of at least three abnormalities, or chromosome 7 abnormalities, vs absence) and bone-marrow blast count (<20% vs ≥20%). Patients and study personnel were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability, including adverse events, non-haematological laboratory grade 3-4 toxic effects, and changes in bone-marrow blast counts from baseline. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00903422. FINDINGS Between May 14, 2009, and May 9, 2013, we randomly assigned 98 patients to receive either eltrombopag (n=64) or placebo (n=34). 63 (98%) patients in the eltrombopag group and 32 (94%) patients in the placebo group had adverse events. The most common adverse events were pyrexia (27 [42%] vs 11 [32%]), nausea (20 [31%] vs 7 [21%]), diarrhoea (19 [30%] vs 6 [18%]), fatigue (16 [25%] vs 6 [18%]), decreased appetite (15 [23%] vs 5 [15%]), and pneumonia (14 [22%] vs 8 [24%]). Drug-related adverse events of grade 3 or higher were reported in six (9%) patients in the eltrombopag group and four (12%) patients in the placebo group. Increases in the proportion of peripheral blasts did not differ significantly between groups. Haemorrhage of grade 3 or higher was reported in ten (16%) patients given eltrombopag and nine (26%) patients given placebo. 21 (33%) patients receiving eltrombopag and 16 (47%) patients receiving placebo died while on treatment. No deaths in patients receiving eltrombopag and two deaths in patients receiving placebo were regarded as treatment related. Post-baseline bone-marrow examinations were done in 40 (63%) patients in the eltrombopag group and 17 (50%) patients in the placebo group. The most common reason for no examination was death before the scheduled 3 month assessment. There were no differences between median bone-marrow blast counts or proportions of peripheral blasts between groups. INTERPRETATION Eltrombopag doses up to 300 mg daily had an acceptable safety profile in patients with advanced myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukaemia. The role of eltrombopag in these patients warrants further investigation. FUNDING GlaxoSmithKline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Platzbecker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Raymond S M Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Amit Verma
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Camille Abboud
- Division of Oncology, Bone Marrow Transplantation and Leukemia Section, Washington University Medical School, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sergio Araujo
- Hematology Unit, Hospital das Clínicas-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tzeon-Jye Chiou
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Feigert
- Georgetown University Department of Medicine, Virginia Cancer Specialists, Arlington, VA, USA
| | - Su-Peng Yeh
- Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Katharina Götze
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Greenberg
- Hematology Division, Stanford University Cancer Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Suman Kambhampati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Hwan Lee
- Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roger Lyons
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Care Centers of South Texas-US Oncology Network, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marco Ruggeri
- Hematology Department, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Valeria Santini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gregory Cheng
- Faculty of Health Science, Macau University of Science and Technology Hospital, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jun Ho Jang
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Brendan Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology Modeling and Simulation, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - John Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Frank Mannino
- Oncology R&D, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Nicole Stone
- Oncology R&D, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Souria Dougherty
- Oncology R&D, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Geoffrey Chan
- Oncology R&D, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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Pan J, Wu C, Xue Y, Qiu H, Chen S, Zhang J, Bai S, Wu Y, Wang Y, Shen J, Gong Y. The characteristics and prognostic analysis in 213 myeloid malignancy patients with del(20q): a report of a single-center case series. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:51-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Davison GM, Novitzky N, Abdulla R. Monocyte derived dendritic cells have reduced expression of co-stimulatory molecules but are able to stimulate autologous T-cells in patients with MDS. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2013; 6:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Das M, Chaudhuri S, Law S. Unveiling the paradoxical nature of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): why hypercellular marrow strongly favors accelerated apoptosis. Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 91:303-8. [PMID: 24032679 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2012-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of bone marrow failure in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is an unresolved mystery. MDS causes peripheral blood cytopenias and increased bone marrow cellularity. This apparent paradox has been interpreted as a sign of intramedullary destruction of a substantial portion of the developing hematopoietic cells by apoptosis. The present study aimed to delineate the exact mechanistic relationship between the bone marrow hypercellularity and the accelerated apoptosis in an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced experimental MDS mouse model. The observations made so far clarify the quantitative and qualitative changes that occur in the bone marrow microenvironment through cell cycle analysis, especially involving the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and p53 expression patterns. The survival fate of the bone marrow cells were observed by measuring the expression level of some intracellular protein molecules like apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK-1), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and cleaved caspase-3 of the extrinsic pathway toward apoptosis. We found myelodysplasia damage occurs within one or more multipotent progenitor populations resulting in uncontrolled cellular proliferation within the MDS bone marrow. Then, due to homeostatic balance, this high cellular burden is minimized by activating the apoptosis pathway. As a result, the peripheral blood suffers cellular deprivation. This study can throw some light on the mechanism of disease progression and also help to reveal the paradoxical nature of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Das
- a Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, 700073
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PKR regulates proliferation, differentiation, and survival of murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Blood 2013; 121:3364-74. [PMID: 23403623 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-09-456400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase R (PKR) is an interferon (IFN)-inducible, double-stranded RNA-activated kinase that initiates apoptosis in response to cellular stress. To determine the role of PKR in hematopoiesis, we developed transgenic mouse models that express either human PKR (TgPKR) or a dominant-negative PKR (TgDNPKR) mutant specifically in hematopoietic tissues. Significantly, peripheral blood counts from TgPKR mice decrease with age in association with dysplastic marrow changes. TgPKR mice have reduced colony-forming capacity and the colonies also are more sensitive to hematopoietic stresses. Furthermore, TgPKR mice have fewer hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs), and the percentage of quiescent (G0) HSPCs is increased. Importantly, treatment of TgPKR bone marrow (BM) with a PKR inhibitor specifically rescues sensitivity to growth factor deprivation. In contrast, marrow from PKR knockout (PKRKO) mice has increased potential for colony formation and HSPCs are more actively proliferating and resistant to stress. Significantly, TgPKR HSPCs have increased expression of p21 and IFN regulatory factor, whereas cells from PKRKO mice display mechanisms indicative of proliferation such as reduced eukaryotic initiation factor 2α phosphorylation, increased extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation, and increased CDK2 expression. Collectively, data reveal that PKR is an unrecognized but important regulator of HSPC cell fate and may play a role in the pathogenesis of BM failure.
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Lubkova ON, Tzvetaeva NV, Momotyuk KS, Belkin VM, Manakova TE. VCAM-1 expression on bone marrow stromal cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 151:13-5. [PMID: 22442792 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We studied the expression of VCAM-1 adhesion molecules on stromal cells from the bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes, healthy donors, and patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases and acute leukemias. Expression of adhesion molecule on mesenchymal stromal cells from the bone marrow of patients and healthy donors was evaluated after 2-4 passages by the methods of immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis. VCAM-1 expression in the majority of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes was lower than in healthy donors. At the same time, VCAM-1 expression was not identified on mesenchymal cells from acute leukemia patients. VCAM-1 expression on cells from patients with chronic myeloproliferative diseases did not differ from that in healthy donors. We conclude that VCAM-1 synthesis in bone marrow stromal cells is impaired in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute leukemias. These changes can be followed by the loss of relationships between hemopoietic cells and stromal microenvironment in bone marrow niches. Hemopoietic cells gain the ability for uncontrolled growth, which results in progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- O N Lubkova
- Laboratory for Physiology of Hemopoiesis, Hematology Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Liesveld JL, Rosell KE, Bechelli J, Lu C, Messina P, Mulford D, Ifthikharuddin JJ, Jordan CT, Phillips Ii GL. Proteasome inhibition in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myelogenous leukemia cell lines. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:439-50. [PMID: 21740082 PMCID: PMC4557209 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.590567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, effects of bortezomib on apoptosis, clonal progenitor growth, cytokine production, and NF-κB expression in patients with MDS with cytopenias requiring transfusion support are examined. Bortezomib increased apoptosis in marrow mononuclear cells but had no effects on CFU-GM, BFU-E, or CFU-L content. No consistent effects on NF-κB activation in vivo were noted. To further define the role of bortezomib in AML and MDS, we examined it in combination with several targeted agents and chemotherapeutic agents in vitro. Combinations with arsenic trioxide, sorafenib, and cytarabine demonstrated synergistic in vitro effects in AML cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Liesveld
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. jane
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Davison GM, Novitzky N, Abdulla R. The clonogenic potential of selected CD34+ cells from patients with MDS appear preserved when tested ex vivo. Leuk Res 2011; 35:1200-4. [PMID: 21474180 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to examine in 17 patients with MDS the effects of PMA activated and non-activated autologous lymphocytes on selected bone marrow CD34+ progenitors, in dose response studies. We used a double layer culture technique. Compared with controls, there was no difference in the colony growth promoting capacity of autologous PMA stimulated or unstimulated blood lymphocytes from MDS patients. In addition, similar to control studies, increasing numbers of lymphocytes, (0, 1×10(5), 1×10(6)) led to a corresponding increase in the number of CFU-GM (p=0.04). We conclude that MDS blood mononuclear cells have the ability to stimulate colony growth of autologous CD34+ cells while these selected progenitors show a proliferative capacity that is similar to normal when they are isolated from the bone marrow accessory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenda Mary Davison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Peninsula, South Africa
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Parnes A, Nikiforow S, Berliner N, Vanasse GJ. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human TNF gene are associated with anaemia and neutropenia in a cohort of patients with de novo myelodysplastic syndrome. Br J Haematol 2010; 150:700-1. [PMID: 20618340 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2010.08254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Klaus M, Stavroulaki E, Kastrinaki MC, Fragioudaki P, Giannikou K, Psyllaki M, Pontikoglou C, Tsoukatou D, Mamalaki C, Papadaki HA. Reserves, Functional, Immunoregulatory, and Cytogenetic Properties of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Stem Cells Dev 2010; 19:1043-54. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Klaus
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emily Stavroulaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Persefoni Fragioudaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Krinio Giannikou
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Psyllaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Debbie Tsoukatou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Clio Mamalaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Vinh DC, Patel SY, Uzel G, Anderson VL, Freeman AF, Olivier KN, Spalding C, Hughes S, Pittaluga S, Raffeld M, Sorbara LR, Elloumi HZ, Kuhns DB, Turner ML, Cowen EW, Fink D, Long-Priel D, Hsu AP, Ding L, Paulson ML, Whitney AR, Sampaio EP, Frucht DM, DeLeo FR, Holland SM. Autosomal dominant and sporadic monocytopenia with susceptibility to mycobacteria, fungi, papillomaviruses, and myelodysplasia. Blood 2010; 115:1519-29. [PMID: 20040766 PMCID: PMC2830758 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-03-208629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified 18 patients with the distinct clinical phenotype of susceptibility to disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections, viral infections, especially with human papillomaviruses, and fungal infections, primarily histoplasmosis, and molds. This syndrome typically had its onset in adulthood (age range, 7-60 years; mean, 31.1 years; median, 32 years) and was characterized by profound circulating monocytopenia (mean, 13.3 cells/microL; median, 14.5 cells/microL), B lymphocytopenia (mean, 9.4 cells/microL; median, 4 cells/microL), and NK lymphocytopenia (mean, 16 cells/microL; median, 5.5 cells/microL). T lymphocytes were variably affected. Despite these peripheral cytopenias, all patients had macrophages and plasma cells at sites of inflammation and normal immunoglobulin levels. Ten of these patients developed 1 or more of the following malignancies: 9 myelodysplasia/leukemia, 1 vulvar carcinoma and metastatic melanoma, 1 cervical carcinoma, 1 Bowen disease of the vulva, and 1 multiple Epstein-Barr virus(+) leiomyosarcoma. Five patients developed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis without mutations in the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor or anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies. Among these 18 patients, 5 families had 2 generations affected, suggesting autosomal dominant transmission as well as sporadic cases. This novel clinical syndrome links susceptibility to mycobacterial, viral, and fungal infections with malignancy and can be transmitted in an autosomal dominant pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald C Vinh
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Lozynska MR, Vygovska YI, Tomashevska NY, Maslyak ZV, Lozynsky RY, Novak VL. The peculiarities of cytogenetic changes in different types of myelodysplastic syndrome. CYTOL GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452709010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Konopleva M, Tabe Y, Zeng Z, Andreeff M. Therapeutic targeting of microenvironmental interactions in leukemia: mechanisms and approaches. Drug Resist Updat 2009; 12:103-13. [PMID: 19632887 PMCID: PMC3640296 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In hematological malignancies, there are dynamic interactions between leukemic cells and cells of the bone marrow microenvironment. Specific niches within the bone marrow microenvironment provide a sanctuary for subpopulations of leukemic cells to evade chemotherapy-induced death and allow acquisition of a drug-resistant phenotype. This review focuses on molecular and cellular biology of the normal hematopoietic stem cell and the leukemia stem cell niche, and of the molecular pathways critical for microenvironment/leukemia interactions. The key emerging therapeutic targets include chemokine receptors (CXCR4), adhesion molecules (VLA4 and CD44), and hypoxia-related proteins HIF-1alpha and VEGF. Finally, the genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of leukemia-associated stroma will be discussed. This complex interplay provides a rationale for appropriately tailored molecular therapies targeting not only leukemic cells but also their microenvironment to ensure improved outcomes in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yoko Tabe
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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16
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Invernizzi R, Travaglino E. Increased Apoptosis as a Mechanism of Ineffective Erythropoiesis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3816/clk.2008.n.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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18
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The immunophenotype of different immature, myeloid and B-cell lineage-committed CD34+ hematopoietic cells allows discrimination between normal/reactive and myelodysplastic syndrome precursors. Leukemia 2008; 22:1175-83. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Varga G, Kiss J, Várkonyi J, Vas V, Farkas P, Pálóczi K, Uher F. Inappropriate notch activity and limited mesenchymal stem cell plasticity in the bone marrow of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Pathol Oncol Res 2007; 13:311-9. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02940310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 09/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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20
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Sejas DP, Rani R, Qiu Y, Zhang X, Fagerlie SR, Nakano H, Williams DA, Pang Q. Inflammatory reactive oxygen species-mediated hemopoietic suppression in Fancc-deficient mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:5277-87. [PMID: 17404312 PMCID: PMC2919363 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.5277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with the genomic instability syndrome Fanconi anemia (FA) commonly develop progressive bone marrow (BM) failure and have a high risk of cancer. Certain manifestations of the disease suggest that the FA immune system is dysfunctional and may contribute to the pathogenesis of both BM failure and malignancies. In this study, we have investigated inflammation and innate immunity in FA hemopoietic cells using mice deficient in Fanconi complementation group C gene (Fancc). We demonstrate that Fancc-deficient mice exhibit enhanced inflammatory response and are hypersensitive to LPS-induced septic shock as a result of hemopoietic suppression. This exacerbated inflammatory phenotype is intrinsic to the hemopoietic system and can be corrected by the re-expression of a wild-type FANCC gene, suggesting a potential role of the FANCC protein in innate immunity. LPS-mediated hemopoietic suppression requires two major inflammatory agents, TNF-alpha and reactive oxygen species. In addition, LPS-induced excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species in Fancc(-/-) BM cells overactivates the stress kinase p38 and requires prolonged activation of the JNK. Our data implicate a role of inflammation in pathogenesis of FA and BM failure diseases in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Sejas
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Reena Rani
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Yuhui Qiu
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Sara R. Fagerlie
- Clinical Transplantation Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Hiroyasu Nakano
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - David A. Williams
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Qishen Pang
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation and Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229
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21
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Thomas ML. Strategies for achieving transfusion independence in myelodysplastic syndromes. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2007; 11:151-8. [PMID: 16935559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of complex diseases of the myeloid stem cell that result in chronic cytopenias. In some instances, these disorders may progress to acute myeloid leukemia. Patients with MDS frequently experience chronic, symptomatic anemia, and many become dependent on chronic transfusions of packed red blood cells. However, long-term transfusion dependence has clinical and economic consequences, including a potentially negative impact on patients' quality of life (QOL). Recently, studies have investigated various strategies to reduce or eliminate transfusion needs in MDS patients. Supportive measures with hematopoietic growth factors such as erythropoietin are often less effective in MDS-associated anemia than in anemia from other causes, but some patients may benefit from this approach. Treatment with other agents, such as antithymocyte globulin, azacitidine, decitabine, thalidomide, and lenalidomide, has resulted in transfusion independence in some subsets of MDS patients. Nurses who care for patients with MDS should be aware of the impact of transfusion dependence on the patient's QOL, as well as the benefits and risks of the various other treatment options available to these patients. Such knowledge will enable the nurse to provide accurate, relevant information, so that patients can make informed choices regarding treatment options for MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Laudon Thomas
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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22
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Corey SJ, Minden MD, Barber DL, Kantarjian H, Wang JCY, Schimmer AD. Myelodysplastic syndromes: the complexity of stem-cell diseases. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7:118-29. [PMID: 17251918 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is increasing owing to an ageing population and increased awareness of these diseases. MDS represent many different conditions, not just a single disease, that are grouped together by several clinical characteristics. A striking feature of MDS is genetic instability, and a large proportion of cases result in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We Review three emerging principles of MDS biology: stem-cell dysfunction and the overlap with AML, genetic instability and the deregulation of apoptosis, in the context of inherited bone marrow-failure syndromes, and treatment-related MDS and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J Corey
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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23
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Liu YC, Ito Y, Hsiao HH, Sashida G, Kodama A, Ohyashiki JH, Ohyashiki K. Risk factor analysis in myelodysplastic syndrome patients with del(20q): prognosis revisited. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 171:9-16. [PMID: 17074585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20, or del(20q), is a common cytogenetic abnormality in various myeloid disorders and is known to be a favorable prognostic factor in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) when it is the sole change. However, del(20q) occurs with one or more cytogenetic changes when it is associated with disease progression. Here, we analyzed 33 patients with MDS and del(20q) to ascertain the risk factors in MDS. We categorized del(20q) into two groups: one with the del(20q) clone (> or =50% marrow metaphases), corresponding to genomic integrity, and the other with a late appearance of a minor del(20q) clone (<50% metaphases) with additional cytogenetic changes, representing genomic instability. Of the MDS patients with del(20q) at initial presentation, the negative factors in predicting prognosis on survival are (i) INT-2/High risk according to the International Prognostic Scoring System, (ii) any additional cytogenetic changes, or (iii) minor del(20q) clone. The late appearance of del(20q) at any phase is linked to a significantly unfavorable prognosis, thus indicating the clinical and biological heterogeneity of del(20q) in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chang Liu
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Olney HJ, Le Beau MM. Evaluation of recurring cytogenetic abnormalities in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2006; 31:427-34. [PMID: 17161457 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2006.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clinically heterogeneous, but the presence of specific cytogenetic abnormalities can predict disease manifestations, provide a basis for prognosis, and direct treatment. Conventional cytogenetic analysis is instrumental in identifying chromosomal abnormalities in MDS and novel genetic methods may provide supplementary information. Treatment with lenalidomide was recently shown to be effective in MDS, particularly in those cases with del(5q), resulting in durable cytogenetic remission and hematological responses. In this paradigm, diagnosis of the del(5q) abnormality would be essential to predicting response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold J Olney
- Université de Montréal, CHUM Hospital Notre-Dame, 1560 Sherbrooke St E, Montréal, Québec, H2L 4M1, Canada.
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25
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Houwerzijl EJ, Blom NR, van der Want JJL, Vellenga E, de Wolf JTM. Megakaryocytic dysfunction in myelodysplastic syndromes and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is in part due to different forms of cell death. Leukemia 2006; 20:1937-42. [PMID: 16990774 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Platelet production requires compartmentalized caspase activation within megakaryocytes. This eventually results in platelet release in conjunction with apoptosis of the remaining megakaryocyte. Recent studies have indicated that in low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), premature cell death of megakaryocytes may contribute to thrombocytopenia. Different cell death patterns have been identified in megakaryocytes in these disorders. Growing evidence suggests that, besides apoptosis, necrosis and autophagic cell death, may also be programmed. Therefore, programmed cell death (PCD) can be classified in apoptosis, a caspase-dependent process, apoptosis-like, autophagic and necrosis-like PCD, which are predominantly caspase-independent processes. In MDS, megakaryocytes show features of necrosis-like PCD, whereas ITP megakaryocytes demonstrate predominantly characteristics of apoptosis-like PCD (para-apoptosis). Triggers for these death pathways are largely unknown. In MDS, the interaction of Fas/Fas-ligand might be of importance, whereas in ITP antiplatelet autoantibodies recognizing common antigens on megakaryocytes and platelets might be involved. These findings illustrate that cellular death pathways in megakaryocytes are recruited in both physiological and pathological settings, and that different forms of cell death can occur in the same cell depending on the stimulus and the cellular context. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms might lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Houwerzijl
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Ribeiro E, Matarraz Sudón S, de Santiago M, Lima CSP, Metze K, Giralt M, Saad STO, de Matos AO, Lorand-Metze I. Maturation-associated immunophenotypic abnormalities in bone marrow B-lymphocytes in myelodysplastic syndromes. Leuk Res 2006; 30:9-16. [PMID: 16005514 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 05/17/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies concerning the pathophysiology of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have shown evidences for the existence of complex interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. We analyzed the B-lymphocyte maturation in BM of patients with MDS. For this purpose, 41 newly-diagnosed patients were analyzed. Enumeration and characterization of CD34+ and CD34- B-cell precursors and mature B-lymphocytes was performed using multiparameter flow cytometry. BM from eight transplant donors and six orthopedic surgery patients were used as controls. CD34+/CD45(lo) B-cells were found in 17/22 patients with RA/RARS and in 5/13 with RAEB. In patients with RAEB-t and CMML no CD34+ B-cell precursors could be detected. A positive correlation was found between CD34+ and CD34- B-cell precursors (r=0.52). CD34+ B-cell precursors presented an inverse correlation with BM percentage of blasts and peripheral leukocytes and a positive one with hemoglobin. Asynchronous antigen expression (CD19+/CD79a- cells) was found in 7/11 cases of RA/RARS and 6/18 cases of RAEB in which this phenotype was examined. Abnormal patterns of expression for at least one antigen was found in 91% of RA/RARS cases and in 74% of RAEB. Underexpression of TdT and CD79a were the most frequent abnormalities. Our results present evidences of an abnormal B-cell maturation in MDS. This may be an evidence that B-lymphocytes are derived of the abnormal clone. But it may also be the consequence of influences of abnormalities of BM microenvironment leading to an impaired commitment and maturation of the B-cell line in MDS. Studies performed with purified well-characterized B-cells may further elucidate these abnormalities.
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27
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Ogata K, Satoh C, Tachibana M, Hyodo H, Tamura H, Dan K, Kimura T, Sonoda Y, Tsuji T. Identification and hematopoietic potential of CD45- clonal cells with very immature phenotype (CD45-CD34-CD38-Lin-) in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Stem Cells 2005; 23:619-30. [PMID: 15849169 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CD45 is a hematopoietic lineage-restricted antigen that is expressed on all hematopoietic cells except for some mature cell types. Cells expressing CD45 and CD34 but lacking CD38 and lineage antigens (CD45+CD34+CD38-Lin- cells) are well-documented hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and CD45+CD34-CD38-Lin- cells are probably less mature HSCs. In myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), the malignant transformation site is a matter of debate, and CD45+CD34+CD38-Lin- HSCs were recently reported to be clonal. In the study reported here, we detected CD45-CD34-CD38-Lin- cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with MDS and isolated them by successive application of density centrifugation, magnetic cell sorting, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that CD45-CD34-CD38-Lin- cells had the same chromosomal aberration as the myeloblasts. In addition to CD45- and CD34-, they lacked CD117 and CD133 expression. Generally, MDS cells have extremely reduced hematopoietic potential compared with normal hematopoietic cells, but we documented the following in some patients. Freshly isolated CD45-CD34-CD38-Lin- cells did not form any hematopoietic colonies but had long-term culture-initiating cell activity. When cocultured with stroma cells, CD45-CD34-CD38-Lin- cells showed only weak potential for proliferation and differentiation, yet they differentiated into CD34+ cells and then mature myeloid cells. This newly identified cell population represents the most immature immunophenotype so far identified in the hematopoietic lineage and is involved in the malignant clone in MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoyuki Ogata
- Division of Hematology, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
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28
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Nivatpumin PJ, Gore SD. Emerging drugs for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2005; 10:569-90. [PMID: 16083330 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.10.3.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal haematopoietic stem cell disorders characterised by ineffective haematopoiesis and an increased risk of developing acute myeloid leukaemia. At present, the only curative option is allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, the majority of patients are not eligible for this therapy, due to excessive treatment-related morbidity and mortality or lack of a suitable donor. As a result, the need for alternative therapies is great. Our improved understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of MDS has resulted in several new promising therapeutic agents. This review will consider the rational development of new agents based on the molecular biology of MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Nivatpumin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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