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Shah OS, Nasrazadani A, Foldi J, Atkinson JM, Kleer CG, McAuliffe PF, Johnston TJ, Stallaert W, da Silva EM, Selenica P, Dopeso H, Pareja F, Mandelker D, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS, Bhargava R, Lucas PC, Lee AV, Oesterreich S. Spatial molecular profiling of mixed invasive ductal-lobular breast cancers reveals heterogeneity in intrinsic molecular subtypes, oncogenic signatures, and mutations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.09.557013. [PMID: 38915645 PMCID: PMC11195088 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.09.557013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Mixed invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma (MDLC) is a rare histologic subtype of breast cancer displaying both E-cadherin positive ductal and E-cadherin negative lobular morphologies within the same tumor, posing challenges with regard to anticipated clinical management. It remains unclear whether these distinct morphologies also have distinct biology and risk of recurrence. Our spatially-resolved transcriptomic, genomic, and single-cell profiling revealed clinically significant differences between ductal and lobular tumor regions including distinct intrinsic subtype heterogeneity (e.g., MDLC with TNBC/basal ductal and ER+/luminal lobular regions), distinct enrichment of senescence/dormancy and oncogenic (ER and MYC) signatures, genetic and epigenetic CDH1 inactivation in lobular, but not ductal regions, and single-cell ductal and lobular sub-populations with unique oncogenic signatures further highlighting intra-regional heterogeneity. Altogether, we demonstrated that the intra-tumoral morphological/histological heterogeneity within MDLC is underpinned by intrinsic subtype and oncogenic heterogeneity which may result in prognostic uncertainty and therapeutic dilemma. Significance MDLC displays both ductal and lobular tumor regions. Our multi-omic profiling approach revealed that these morphologically distinct tumor regions harbor distinct intrinsic subtypes and oncogenic features that may cause prognostic uncertainty and therapeutic dilemma. Thus histopathological/molecular profiling of individual tumor regions may guide clinical decision making and benefit patients with MDLC, particularly in the advanced setting where there is increased reliance on next generation sequencing.
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Zeng J, Singh S, Jiang Y, Casarez E, Atkins KA, Janes KA, Zong H. A genetic mosaic mouse model illuminates the pre-malignant progression of basal-like breast cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.25.538333. [PMID: 37163037 PMCID: PMC10168298 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.538333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer is an aggressive breast cancer subtype, often characterized by a deficiency in BRCA1 function and concomitant loss of p53 . While conventional mouse models enable the investigation of its malignant stages, one that reveals its initiation and pre-malignant progression is lacking. Here, we leveraged a mouse genetic system known as M osaic A nalysis with D ouble M arkers (MADM) to generate rare GFP-labeled Brca1 , p53 -deficient cells alongside RFP+ wildtype sibling cells in the mammary gland. The mosaicism resembles the sporadic initiation of human cancer and enables spatially resolved analysis of mutant cells in comparison to paired wildtype sibling cells. Mammary tumors arising in the model show transcriptomic and genomic characteristics similar to human basal-like breast cancer. Analysis of GFP+ mutant cells at interval time points before malignancy revealed a stepwise progression of lesions from focal expansion to hyper-alveolarization and then to micro-invasion. These stereotyped morphologies indicate the pre-malignant stage irrespective of the time point at which it is observed. Paired analysis of GFP-RFP siblings during focal expansion suggested that hyper-alveolarized structures originate from ductal rather than alveolar cells, despite their morphological similarities to alveoli. Evidence for luminal-to-basal transition at the pre-malignant stages was restricted to cells that had escaped hyper-alveoli and progressed to micro-invasive lesions. Our MADM-based mouse model presents a useful tool for studying the pre-malignancy of basal-like breast cancer. Summary statement A mouse model recapitulates the process of human basal-like breast tumorigenesis initiated from sporadic Brca1, p53 -deficient cells, empowering spatially-resolved analysis of mutant cells during pre-malignant progression.
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Shi Q, Yao XY, Wang HY, Li YJ, Zhang XX, Sun C. Breast cancer-associated SNP rs72755295 is a cis-regulatory variation for human EXO1. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20210420. [PMID: 36255267 PMCID: PMC9631386 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2021-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women. A previous genome-wide association study reports that rs72755295, a SNP locating at intron of EXO1 (exonuclease 1), is associated with breast cancer. Due to the complete linkage disequilibrium between rs72755295 and rs4149909, a nonsynonymous mutation for EXO1, rs4149909 is supposed to be the causal SNP. Since EXO1 is overexpressed in breast carcinoma samples, we hypothesized that the genetic variations in this locus might confer breast cancer risk by regulating EXO1 expression. To substantiate this, a functional genomics study was performed. The dual luciferase assay indicated that G of rs72755295 presents significantly higher relative enhancer activity than A, thus verifying that this SNP can influence gene expression in breast cell. Through chromosome conformation capture it was disclosed that the enhancer containing rs72755295 can interact with the EXO1 promoter. RNA-seq analysis indicated that EXO1 expression is dependent on the rs72755295 genotype. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, the transcription factor PAX6 (paired box 6) was recognized to bind the region spanning rs72755295. In electrophoretic mobility shift assay, G of rs72755295 displays obviously higher binding affinity with nuclear protein than A. Our results indicated that rs72755295 is a cis-regulatory variation for EXO1 and might confer breast cancer risk besides rs4149909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Shaanxi Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Yuan Yao
- Shaanxi Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Wang
- Shaanxi Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jie Li
- Shaanxi Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- Shaanxi Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Chang Sun
- Shaanxi Normal University, College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Garcia FADO, de Andrade ES, de Campos Reis Galvão H, da Silva Sábato C, Campacci N, de Paula AE, Evangelista AF, Santana IVV, Melendez ME, Reis RM, Palmero EI. New insights on familial colorectal cancer type X syndrome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2846. [PMID: 35181726 PMCID: PMC8857274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial colorectal cancer type X (FCCTX) is a heterogeneous colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome that, although displays a cancer pattern similar to Lynch syndrome, is mismatch repair proficient and does not exhibit microsatellite instability. Besides, its genetic etiology remains to be elucidated. In this study we performed germline exome sequencing of 39 cancer-affected patients from 34 families at risk for FCCTX. Variant classification followed the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified in 17.65% of the families. Rare and potentially pathogenic alterations were identified in known hereditary cancer genes (CHEK2), in putative FCCTX candidate genes (OGG1 and FAN1) and in other cancer-related genes such as ATR, ASXL1, PARK2, SLX4 and TREX1. This study provides novel important clues that can contribute to the understanding of FCCTX genetic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Antonio de Oliveira Garcia
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela Street, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, CEP 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Edilene Santos de Andrade
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela Street, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, CEP 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | | | - Natália Campacci
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela Street, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, CEP 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Adriane Feijó Evangelista
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela Street, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, CEP 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Matias Eliseo Melendez
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela Street, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, CEP 14784-400, Brazil.,Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela Street, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, CEP 14784-400, Brazil.,Center of Molecular Diagnosis, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Edenir Inez Palmero
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Antenor Duarte Villela Street, 1331, Barretos, São Paulo, CEP 14784-400, Brazil. .,Department of Genetics, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Rahnamay Farnood P, Danesh Pazhooh R, Asemi Z, Yousefi B. DNA damage response and repair in pancreatic cancer development and therapy. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 103:103116. [PMID: 33882393 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among fatal malignancies, with a dismal prognosis and a low survival rate of 5-10%. In both sporadic and inherited PC, gene alterations, such as BRCA1/2, PALB2, and ATM, can occur frequently. Currently, surgery, chemo- and radio-therapy are the most common therapeutic strategies for treating this cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) establishes multiple pathways that eliminate DNA damage sites to maintain genomic integrity. Various types of cancers and age-related diseases are associated with DDR machinery defects. According to the severity of the damage, DDR pathways respond appropriately to lesions through repairing damage, arresting the cell cycle, or apoptosis. Recently, novel agents, particularly those targeting DDR pathways, are being utilized to improve the response of many cancers to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this paper, we briefly reviewed DDR processes and their components, including DDR sensors, DDR mediators, and DDR transducers in the progression, prognosis, and treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Yadav S, Kasi PM, Bamlet WR, Ho TP, Polley EC, Hu C, Hart SN, Rabe KG, Boddicker NJ, Gnanaolivu RD, Lee KY, Lindstrom TH, Petersen GM, Couch FJ, McWilliams RR. Effect of Germline Mutations in Homologous Recombination Repair Genes on Overall Survival of Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6505-6512. [PMID: 33028596 PMCID: PMC9063708 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical characteristics and overall survival (OS) of germline mutation carriers in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and noncarriers with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Germline DNA from 3,078 patients with PDAC enrolled in a prospective registry at Mayo Clinic between 2000 and 2017 was analyzed for mutations in 37 cancer predisposition genes. Characteristics and OS of patients with mutations in eight genes (ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PALB2, RAD51C, and RAD51D) involved in HRR were compared with patients testing negative for mutations in all 37 genes. RESULTS The 175 HRR mutation carriers and 2,730 noncarriers in the study had a median duration of follow-up of 9.9 years. HRR mutation carriers were younger (median age at diagnosis: 63 vs. 66 years, P < 0.001) and more likely to have metastatic disease at diagnosis (46% vs. 36%, P = 0.004). In a multivariable model adjusting for sex, age at diagnosis, and tumor staging, patients with germline HRR mutations had a significantly longer OS compared with noncarriers [HR, 0.83; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.70-0.97; P = 0.02]. Further gene-level analysis demonstrated that germline ATM mutation carriers had longer OS compared with patients without germline mutations in any of the 37 genes (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.94; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that germline mutation carrier status in PDAC is associated with longer OS compared with noncarriers. Further research into tumor biology and response to platinum-based chemotherapy in germline mutation carriers with PDAC are needed to better understand the association with longer OS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pashtoon M Kasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - William R Bamlet
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thanh P Ho
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric C Polley
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chunling Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kari G Rabe
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Rohan D Gnanaolivu
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kun Y Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tricia H Lindstrom
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gloria M Petersen
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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7
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Gentiluomo M, Canzian F, Nicolini A, Gemignani F, Landi S, Campa D. Germline genetic variability in pancreatic cancer risk and prognosis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:105-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Glaß M, Michl P, Hüttelmaier S. RNA Binding Proteins as Drivers and Therapeutic Target Candidates in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114190. [PMID: 32545414 PMCID: PMC7312628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) belong to the most frequent and most deadly malignancies in the western world. Mutations in KRAS and TP53 along with some other frequent polymorphisms occur almost universally and are likely to be responsible for tumor initiation. However, these mutations cannot explain the heterogeneity in therapeutic responses observed in PDAC patients, which limits efficiency of current therapeutic strategies. Instead, recent classifications of PDAC tumor samples are based on transcriptomics data and thus include information about epigenetic, transcriptomic, and post-transcriptomic deregulations. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are important post-transcriptional regulators involved in every aspect of the RNA life cycle and thus considerably influence the transcriptome. In this study, we systematically investigated deregulated expression, prognostic value, and essentiality reported for RBPs in PDAC or PDAC cancer models using publicly available data. We identified 44 RBPs with suggested oncogenic potential. These include various proteins, e.g., IGF2 mRNA binding proteins (IGF2BPs), with reported tumor-promoting roles. We further characterized these RBPs and found common patterns regarding their expression, interaction, and regulation by microRNAs. These analyses suggest four prime candidate oncogenic RBPs with partially validated target potential: APOBEC1, IGF2BP1 and 3, and OASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Glaß
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Patrick Michl
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Charles Tanford Protein Center, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle, Germany;
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Donovan MKR, D'Antonio-Chronowska A, D'Antonio M, Frazer KA. Cellular deconvolution of GTEx tissues powers discovery of disease and cell-type associated regulatory variants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:955. [PMID: 32075962 PMCID: PMC7031340 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) resource has provided insights into the regulatory impact of genetic variation on gene expression across human tissues; however, thus far has not considered how variation acts at the resolution of the different cell types. Here, using gene expression signatures obtained from mouse cell types, we deconvolute bulk RNA-seq samples from 28 GTEx tissues to quantify cellular composition, which reveals striking heterogeneity across these samples. Conducting eQTL analyses for GTEx liver and skin samples using cell composition estimates as interaction terms, we identify thousands of genetic associations that are cell-type-associated. The skin cell-type associated eQTLs colocalize with skin diseases, indicating that variants which influence gene expression in distinct skin cell types play important roles in traits and disease. Our study provides a framework to estimate the cellular composition of GTEx tissues enabling the functional characterization of human genetic variation that impacts gene expression in cell-type-specific manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret K R Donovan
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Matteo D'Antonio
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Kelly A Frazer
- Department of Pediatrics and Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Feng J, Lan R, Cai G, Lin J. TREX1 suppression imparts cancer-stem-cell-like characteristics to CD133 - osteosarcoma cells through the activation of E2F4 signaling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:1134-1153. [PMID: 31933929 PMCID: PMC6947077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is ongoing debate whether cancer stem cells (CSCs) could arise from the transformation of non-CSCs under specific conditions. In the present study, the role of the three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) in regulating CSC generation form human osteosarcoma cells was investigated. High, intermediate and low levels of TREX1 expression were respectively observed in low-grade, high-grade and metastatic human osteosarcoma samples, while the opposite tendency was observed for E2F4, a transcription factor associated with G2 arrest. Luciferase assay proved that TREX1 had a negative impact on the activity of E2F4 promoter. TREX1 was highly expressed in CD133- HOS cells (non-CSC osteosarcoma cells) compared to CD133+ ones; whereas TREX1 knockdown endowed the CD133- non-CSCs with CSC-like characteristics in vitro relying on E2F4 activation, as demonstrated by enlarged proportion of the subset expressing CSC markers in flow cytometry analysis, enhanced self-renewal ability in osteosphere formation assay, increased metastasis capacity in migration and invasion assays, together with improved chemoresistance to cisplatin. Furthermore, TREX1 knockdown and subsequent E2F4 activation could promote the tumorigenicity of CD133- non-CSCs in vivo. With respect to underlying mechanisms, it was found that in CD133- HOS cells, TREX1 suppression would allow the activation of β-catenin signaling in the dependence of E2F4, thus possibly leading to the up-regulation of the transcription factor OCT4. These findings suggested that TREX1 was probably a negative regulator of CSC formation and hence worth to be further studied for developing new treatments in cancer therapies targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamen, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guanxiong Cai
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian, China
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Human Exonuclease 1 (EXO1) Regulatory Functions in DNA Replication with Putative Roles in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010074. [PMID: 30585186 PMCID: PMC6337416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human exonuclease 1 (EXO1), a 5'→3' exonuclease, contributes to the regulation of the cell cycle checkpoints, replication fork maintenance, and post replicative DNA repair pathways. These processes are required for the resolution of stalled or blocked DNA replication that can lead to replication stress and potential collapse of the replication fork. Failure to restart the DNA replication process can result in double-strand breaks, cell-cycle arrest, cell death, or cellular transformation. In this review, we summarize the involvement of EXO1 in the replication, DNA repair pathways, cell cycle checkpoints, and the link between EXO1 and cancer.
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12
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Proteins of the retinoblastoma pathway, FEN1 and MGMT are novel potential prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:840-847. [PMID: 29735403 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied the expression of some major proteins involved in cell-cycle regulation and DNA repair, the roles of which are not well known in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but which have a significant impact on carcinogenesis of many other cancers. METHODS We immunohistochemically assessed expression levels of the cell-cycle regulators Rb1, p16 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and the DNA repair enzymes O6-methylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase (MGMT) and flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1) separately in malignant tissue and benign tissue from resection margins in 102 cases of PDAC. Nearly all (95.1%) patients had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy. RESULTS The studied proteins showed wide but somewhat variable expression in both benign and malignant pancreatic tissues. Strong CDK4 expression in islets of Langerhans predicted poor relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR 2.874; 95% CI 1.261-6.550; p = .012) and within T3-4 tumors CDK4 expression in adenocarcinoma cells also predicted poor disease-free survival (DFS) (RR 2.148; 95% CI 1.081-4.272; p = .029). Strong MGMT expression was associated in N1 patients with weak local relapse-free survival (RFS), DFS and overall survival; all significantly in Cox regression analysis. FEN1 was also an independent predictor of decreased DFS (in the whole study population) and worse RFS (in the patients with T3-4 tumors). CONCLUSIONS Major cell-cycle regulator also have predictive significance, but further studies are required to evaluate this.
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13
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Mismatch repair status as a beneficial predictor of fluorouracil-based adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer. Surgery 2018; 163:1080-1089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Lawrence YR, Moughan J, Magliocco AM, Klimowicz AC, Regine WF, Mowat RB, DiPetrillo TA, Small W, Simko JP, Golan T, Winter KA, Guha C, Crane CH, Dicker AP. Expression of the DNA repair gene MLH1 correlates with survival in patients who have resected pancreatic cancer and have received adjuvant chemoradiation: NRG Oncology RTOG Study 9704. Cancer 2017; 124:491-498. [PMID: 29053185 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of patients with pancreatic cancer who undergo curative resection experience rapid disease recurrence. In previous small studies, high expression of the mismatch-repair protein mutL protein homolog 1 (MLH1) in pancreatic cancers was associated with better outcomes. The objective of this study was to validate the association between MLH1 expression and survival in patients who underwent resection of pancreatic cancer and received adjuvant chemoradiation. METHODS Samples were obtained from the NRG Oncology Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9704 prospective, randomized trial (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00003216), which compared 2 adjuvant protocols in patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent resection. Tissue microarrays were prepared from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, resected tumor tissues. MLH1 expression was quantified using fluorescence immunohistochemistry and automated quantitative analysis, and expression was dichotomized above and below the median value. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining was successfully performed on 117 patients for MLH1 (60 and 57 patients from the 2 arms). The characteristics of the participants who had tissue samples available were similar to those of the trial population as a whole. At the time of analysis, 84% of participants had died, with a median survival of 17 months. Elevated MLH1 expression levels in tumor nuclei were significantly correlated with longer disease-free and overall survival in each arm individually and in both arms combined. Two-year overall survival was 16% in patients who had low MLH1 expression levels and 53% in those who had high MLH1 expression levels (P < .0001 for both arms combined). This association remained true on a multivariate analysis that allowed for lymph node status (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-0.63; P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS In the current sample, MLH1 expression was correlated with long-term survival. Further studies should assess whether MLH1 expression predicts which patients with localized pancreatic cancer may benefit most from aggressive, multimodality treatment. Cancer 2018;124:491-8. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaacov R Lawrence
- Department of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel HaShomer, Israel.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Moughan
- Statistics and Data Management Center, NRG Oncology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony M Magliocco
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | | | - Thomas A DiPetrillo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital/The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode, Island
| | - William Small
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffry P Simko
- Department of Pathology, University of California-San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Talia Golan
- Department of Oncology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel HaShomer, Israel
| | - Kathryn A Winter
- Statistics and Data Management Center, NRG Oncology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chandan Guha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | | | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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15
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Shi T, Jiang R, Wang P, Xu Y, Yin S, Cheng X, Zang R. Significant association of the EXO1 rs851797 polymorphism with clinical outcome of ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:4841-4851. [PMID: 29042795 PMCID: PMC5633322 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s141668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exonuclease 1 (EXO1), one of DNA mismatch repair pathway genes, functions in maintaining genomic stability and affects tumor progression. We hypothesized that genetic variations in EXO1 may predict clinical outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS In this cohort study with 1,030 consecutive EOC patients, we genotyped four potentially functional polymorphisms in EXO1 by the Taqman assay and evaluated their associations with patients' survival. RESULTS Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, we found that rs851797AG/GG genotypes were significantly associated with recurrence and cancer death (HR =1.30 and 1.38, 95% CI =1.11-1.52 and 1.02-1.88, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival estimates showed that patients who carried rs851797AG/GG genotypes had poorer progression-free survival and poorer overall survival, compared with rs851797AA genotype carriers (log-rank test, P=0.002 and 0.025, respectively). Moreover, patients with older age at menophania, advanced stage tumor, or being received incomplete cytoreduction were more likely to be recurrent and dead. CONCLUSION EXO1 rs851797 polymorphism can predict the clinical outcomes in EOC patients. In addition, age at menophania, FIGO stage, and complete cytoreduction might be independently prognostic factors of ovarian cancer. Large studies with functional experiments are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyan Shi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.,Cancer Institute
| | - Rong Jiang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Pan Wang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | | | - Sheng Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Xi Cheng
- Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongyu Zang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.,Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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16
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Vitellius C, Eymerit-Morin C, Luet D, Fizanne L, Foubert F, Bertrais S, Rousselet MC, Caroli-Bosc FX. Relationship Between the Expression of O 6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) and p53, and the Clinical Response in Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Treated with FOLFIRINOX. Clin Drug Investig 2017; 37:669-677. [PMID: 28421382 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-017-0522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no predictive biomarker for the efficacy of FOLFIRINOX in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma has been demonstrated. Deficiency in O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) has been associated with a therapeutic response in endocrine tumors of the pancreas and the lack of expression of protein 53 (p53) could interfere with the action of MGMT. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of MGMT and p53 in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with FOLFIRINOX as a first-line treatment and to investigate their association with therapeutic response and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS The immunohistochemical expression of MGMT was recorded as present or absent and the expression of p53 was semi-quantitatively scored in 30 patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, at Angers Hospital in France between September 2011 and June 2015. Clinical and radiologic data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS The presence or absence of MGMT expression entailed no significant differences in response rate. Median values of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were lower in patients with MGMT expression, but sample size is too small to conclude that there is a statistically significant difference. No significant relationship for response rate and PFS was observed in relation with p53 expression. By contrast, patients with a strong tumor expression of p53 had a significantly lower OS compared to patients with no or weak expression of the protein (p = 0.027). There was a positive correlation between the expression of p53 and MGMT (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that for patients treated with FOLFIRINOX as a first-line treatment for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the immunohistochemical evaluation of MGMT could not predict the clinical outcome; however, the survival was not significant probably because of the under-powered study (due to small sample size). A strong tumor expression of p53 is associated with a poor prognosis of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Vitellius
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Centre, Angers, France.
| | | | - Dominique Luet
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Centre, Angers, France
| | | | - Fanny Foubert
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Centre, Angers, France
| | | | | | - François-Xavier Caroli-Bosc
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Centre, Angers, France
- Laboratory HIFIH, UFR Santé, Angers, France
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17
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Ni H, Jiang B, Zhou Z, Yuan X, Cao X, Huang G, Li Y. Inactivation of MSH3 by promoter methylation correlates with primary tumor stage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:673-678. [PMID: 28656302 PMCID: PMC5547962 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the inactivation of the MutS homolog human 3 (MSH3) gene by promoter methylation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methylation-specific PCR, semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR and immunohistochemical analysis were used to detect methylation and the mRNA and protein expression levels of MSH3 in 54 cases of NPC tissues and 16 cases of normal nasopharyngeal epithelial (NNE) tissues. The association between promoter methylation and mRNA expression, and the mRNA and protein expression of the gene and clinical factors was analyzed. The promoter methylation of MSH3 was detected in 50% (27/54) of the primary tumors, but not in the 16 NNE tissues. The mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly decreased in the 54 cases of human NPC as compared to the 16 NNE tissues (P<0.05). The MSH3-methylated cases exhibited significantly lower mRNA and protein expression levels than the unmethylated cases (P<0.05). The MSH3 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly associated with the variable T stage (P<0.05); however, they did not correlate with the age and sex of the patients, or with the N stage, TNM classification or histopathological subtype (P>0.05). On the whole, MSH3 was frequently inactivated by promoter methylation and its mRNA and protein expression correlated with the primary tumor stage in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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18
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The Role of BRCA2 Mutation Status as Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognosis Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1869304. [PMID: 28078281 PMCID: PMC5203890 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1869304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and life expectancy after diagnosis is often short. Most pancreatic tumours appear sporadically and have been highly related to habits such as cigarette smoking, high alcohol intake, high carbohydrate, and sugar consumption. Other observational studies have suggested the association between pancreatic cancer and exposure to arsenic, lead, or cadmium. Aside from these factors, chronic pancreatitis and diabetes have also come to be considered as risk factors for these kinds of tumours. Studies have found that 10% of pancreatic cancer cases arise from an inherited syndrome related to some genetic alterations. One of these alterations includes mutation in BRCA2 gene. BRCA2 mutations impair DNA damage response and homologous recombination by direct regulation of RAD51. In light of these findings that link genetic factors to tumour development, DNA damage agents have been proposed as target therapies for pancreatic cancer patients carrying BRCA2 mutations. Some of these drugs include platinum-based agents and PARP inhibitors. However, the acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors has created a need for new chemotherapeutic strategies to target BRCA2. The present systematic review collects and analyses the role of BRCA2 alterations to be used in early diagnosis of an inherited syndrome associated with familiar cancer and as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for the management of pancreatic cancer patients.
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19
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Feng J, Lan R, Cai G, Lin J, Wang X, Lin J, Han D. Verification of TREX1 as a promising indicator of judging the prognosis of osteosarcoma. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:150. [PMID: 27881153 PMCID: PMC5122164 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to explore the correlation between the expression of TREX1 and the metastasis and the survival time of patients with osteosarcoma as well as biological characteristics of osteosarcoma cells for the prognosis judgment of osteosarcoma. Method The correlation between the expression of TREX1 protein and the occurrence of pulmonary metastasis in 45 cases of osteosarcoma was analyzed. The CD133+ and CD133− cell subsets of osteosarcoma stem cells were sorted by the flow cytometry. The tumorsphere culture, clone formation, growth curve, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, tumor-formation ability in nude mice, sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, and other cytobiology behaviors were compared between the cell subsets in two groups; the expressions of stem cell-related genes Nanog and Oct4 were compared; The expressions of TREX1 protein and mRNA were compared between the cell subsets in two groups. The data was statistically analyzed. The measurement data between the two groups were compared using t test. The count data between the two groups were compared using χ2 test and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. A P value <0.05 indicated that the difference was statistically significant. Results The expression of TREX1 protein in patients with osteosarcoma in the metastasis group was significantly lower than that in the non-metastasis group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Up to the last follow-up visit, the former average survival time was significantly lower than that of the latter, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The expression of TREX1 in human osteosarcoma CD133+ cell subsets was significantly lower than that in CD133- cell subsets. Stemness-related genes Nanog and Oct4 were highly expressed in human osteosarcoma CD133+ cell subsets with lower expression of TREX1; the biological characteristics identification experiment showed that human CD133+ cell subsets with low TREX1 expression could form tumorspheres, the number of colony forming was more, the cell proliferation ability was strong, the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential was big, the tumor-forming ability in nude mice was strong, and the sensibility of chemotherapeutics drugs on cisplatin was low. Conclusions The expression of TREX1 may be related to metastasis in patients with osteosarcoma. The expression of TREX1 was closely related to the cytobiology characteristics of osteosarcoma stem cell. TREX1 can play an important role in the occurrence and development processes. And, TREX1 is expected to become an effective new index for the evaluation of the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Feng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruilong Lan
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guanxiong Cai
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinluan Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xinwen Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China. .,Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Deping Han
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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20
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Jiang MJ, Dai JJ, Gu DN, Huang Q, Tian L. Aspirin in pancreatic cancer: chemopreventive effects and therapeutic potentials. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:163-176. [PMID: 27567928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies with dismal prognosis. Recently, aspirin has been found to be an effective chemopreventive agent for many solid tumors. However, the function of aspirin use in pancreatic cancer largely remains unknown. We herein argued that aspirin could also lower the risk of pancreatic cancer. Importantly, aspirin assumes pleiotropic effects by targeting multiple molecules. It could further target the unique tumor biology of pancreatic cancer and modify the cancer microenvironment, thus showing remarkable therapeutic potentials. Besides, aspirin could reverse the chemoradiation resistance by repressing tumor repopulation and exert synergistic potentials with metformin on pancreatic cancer chemoprevention. Moreover, aspirin secondarily benefits pancreatic cancer patients through modestly reducing cancer pain and the risk of venous thromboembolism. Furthermore, new aspirin derivatives and delivery systems might help to improve risk-to-benefit ratio. In brief, aspirin is a promising chemopreventive agent and exerts significant therapeutic potentials in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Juan-Juan Dai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Dian-Na Gu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China.
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21
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Abstract
The majority of metastatic breast cancers cannot be cured and present a major public health problem worldwide. Approximately 70% of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor, and endocrine-based therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes. However, the development of endocrine resistance is extremely common. Understanding the molecular pathways that regulate the hormone sensitivity of breast cancer cells is important to improving the efficacy of endocrine therapy. It is becoming clearer that the PI3K-AKT-forkhead box O (FOXO) signaling axis is a key player in the hormone-independent growth of many breast cancers. Constitutive PI3K-AKT pathway activation, a driver of breast cancer growth, causes down-regulation of FOXO tumor suppressor functions. This review will summarize what is currently known about the role of FOXOs in endocrine-resistance mechanisms. It will also suggest potential therapeutic strategies for the restoration of normal FOXO transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bullock
- Hormones and Cancer GroupCancer Genetics Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Pacific Highway Saint Leonards, Sydney, New South Wales 2065, Australia
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22
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Shinozuka K, Tang H, Jones RB, Li D, Nieto Y. Impact of Polymorphic Variations of Gemcitabine Metabolism, DNA Damage Repair, and Drug-Resistance Genes on the Effect of High-Dose Chemotherapy for Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoid Malignancies. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 22:843-9. [PMID: 26743341 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in gemcitabine metabolism, DNA damage repair, multidrug resistance, and alkylator detoxification influence the clinical outcome of patients with refractory/relapsed lymphoid malignancies receiving high-dose gemcitabine/busulfan/melphalan (Gem/Bu/Mel) with autologous stem cell support. We evaluated 21 germline SNPs of the gemcitabine metabolism genes CDA, deoxycytidine kinase, and hCNT3; DNA damage repair genes RECQL, X-ray repair complementing 1, RAD54L, ATM, ATR, MLH1, MSH2, MSH3, TREX1, EXO1, and TP73; and multidrug-resistance genes MRP2 and MRP5; as well as glutathione-S-transferase GSTP1 in 153 patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma or myeloma receiving Gem/Bu/Mel. We studied the association of genotypes with overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and nonhematological grade 3 or 4 toxicity. CDA C111T and TREX1 Ex14-460C>T genotypes had a significant effect on OS (P = .007 and P = .005, respectively), and CDA C111T, ATR C340T, and EXO1 P757L genotypes were significant predictors for severe toxicity (P = .037, P = .024, and P = .025, respectively) in multivariable models that adjusted for clinical variables. The multi-SNP risk score analysis identified the combined genotypes of TREX1 Ex14-460 TT and hCNT3 Ex5 +25A>G AA as significant predictors for OS and the combination of MRP2 Ex10 + 40GG/GA and MLH1 IVS12-169 TT as significant predictor for PFS. Polymorphic variants of certain genes involved in gemcitabine metabolism and DNA damage repair pathways may be potential biomarkers for clinical outcome in patients with refractory/relapsed lymphoid tumors receiving Gem/Bu/Mel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Shinozuka
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hongwei Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Roy B Jones
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yago Nieto
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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23
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Zhang Y, Li P, Xu A, Chen J, Ma C, Sakai A, Xie L, Wang L, Na Y, Kaku H, Xu P, Jin Z, Li X, Guo K, Shen H, Zheng S, Kumon H, Liu C, Huang P. Influence of a single-nucleotide polymorphism of the DNA mismatch repair-related gene exonuclease-1 (rs9350) with prostate cancer risk among Chinese people. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6653-9. [PMID: 26646562 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify the influence of exonuclease 1 (EXO1) single-nucleotide polymorphism rs9350, which is involved in DNA mismatch repair, on prostate cancer risk in Chinese people. In our hospital-based case-control study, 214 prostate cancer patients and 253 cancer-free control subjects were enrolled from three hospitals in China. Genotyping for rs9350 was performed by the SNaPshot(®) method using peripheral blood samples. Consequently, a significantly higher prostate cancer risk was observed in patients with the CC genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 1.678, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.130-2.494, P = 0.010] than in those with the CT genotype. Further, the CT/TT genotypes were significantly associated with increased prostate cancer risk (adjusted OR = 1.714, 95 % CI = 1.176-2.500, P = 0.005), and the C allele had a statistically significant compared with T allele (P = 0.009) of EXO1 (rs9350). Through stratified analysis, significant associations were revealed for the CT/TT genotype in the subgroup with diagnosis age >72 (adjusted OR = 1.776, 95 % CI = 1.051-3.002, P = 0.032) and in patients with localized disease subgroup (adjusted OR = 1.798, 95 % CI = 1.070-3.022, P = 0.027). In addition, we observed that patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of ≤10 ng/mL were more likely to have the CT/TT genotypes than those with PSA levels of >10 ng/mL (P = 0.006). For the first time, we present evidence that the inherited EXO1 polymorphism rs9350 may have a substantial influence on prostate cancer risk in Chinese people. We believe that the rs9350 could be a useful biomarker for assessing predisposition for and early diagnosis of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282
| | - Pengju Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282
| | - Abai Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Akiko Sakai
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Peking University Wu-jieping Urology Center, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Peking, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Na
- Peking University Wu-jieping Urology Center, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Peking, People's Republic of China
| | - Haruki Kaku
- Department of Urology, Okamura Isshindow Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282
| | - Zhong Jin
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282
| | - Xiezhao Li
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282
| | - Haiyan Shen
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282
| | - Shaobo Zheng
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282
| | - Hiromi Kumon
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282.
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Urology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 253 Gongyedadaozhong Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, 510282.
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
- Okayama Medical Innovation Center, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
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24
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Riazy M, Kalloger SE, Sheffield BS, Peixoto RD, Li-Chang HH, Scudamore CH, Renouf DJ, Schaeffer DF. Mismatch repair status may predict response to adjuvant chemotherapy in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1383-9. [PMID: 26226846 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Deficiencies in DNA mismatch repair have been associated with inferior response to 5-FU in colorectal cancer. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is similarly treated with pyrimidine analogs, yet the predictive value of mismatch repair status for response to these agents has not been examined in this malignancy. A tissue microarray with associated clinical outcome, comprising 254 resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients was stained for four mismatch repair proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2). Mismatch repair deficiency and proficiency was determined by the absence or presence of uniform nuclear staining in tumor cells, respectively. Cases identified as mismatch repair deficient on the tissue microarray were confirmed by immunohistochemistry on whole slide sections. Of the 265 cases, 78 (29%) received adjuvant treatment with a pyrimidine analog and 41 (15%) showed a mismatch repair-deficient immunoprofile. Multivariable disease-specific survival in the mismatch repair-proficient cohort demonstrated that adjuvant chemotherapy, regional lymph-node status, gender, and the presence of tumor budding were significant independent prognostic variables (P≤0.04); however, none of the eight clinico-pathologic covariates examined in the mismatch repair-deficient cohort were of independent prognostic significance. Univariable assessment of disease-specific survival revealed an almost identical survival profile for both treated and untreated patients with a mismatch repair-deficient profile, while treatment in the mismatch repair-proficient cohort conferred a greater than 10-month median disease-specific survival advantage over their untreated counterparts (P=0.0018). In this cohort, adjuvant chemotherapy with a pyrimidine analog conferred no survival advantage to mismatch repair-deficient pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients. Mismatch repair immunoprofiling is a feasible predictive marker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients, and further prospective evaluation of this finding is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Riazy
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Steve E Kalloger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brandon S Sheffield
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Renata D Peixoto
- Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hector H Li-Chang
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles H Scudamore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of General Surgery, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel J Renouf
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David F Schaeffer
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pancreas Centre BC, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Di Marco M, Astolfi A, Grassi E, Vecchiarelli S, Macchini M, Indio V, Casadei R, Ricci C, D'Ambra M, Taffurelli G, Serra C, Ercolani G, Santini D, D'Errico A, Pinna AD, Minni F, Durante S, Martella LR, Biasco G. Characterization of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using whole transcriptome sequencing and copy number analysis by single-nucleotide polymorphism array. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:7479-84. [PMID: 26397140 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to implement whole transcriptome massively parallel sequencing (RNASeq) and copy number analysis to investigate the molecular biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Samples from 16 patients with PDAC were collected by ultrasound‑guided biopsy or from surgical specimens for DNA and RNA extraction. All samples were analyzed by RNASeq performed at 75x2 base pairs on a HiScanSQ Illumina platform. Single‑nucleotide variants (SNVs) were detected with SNVMix and filtered on dbSNP, 1000 Genomes and Cosmic. Non‑synonymous SNVs were analyzed with SNPs&GO and PROVEAN. A total of 13 samples were analyzed by high resolution copy number analysis on an Affymetrix SNP array 6.0. RNAseq resulted in an average of 264 coding non‑synonymous novel SNVs (ranging from 146‑374) and 16 novel insertions or deletions (In/Dels) (ranging from 6‑24) for each sample, of which a mean of 11.2% were disease‑associated and somatic events, while 34.7% were frameshift somatic In/Dels. From this analysis, alterations in the known oncogenes associated with PDAC were observed, including Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations (93.7%) and inactivation of cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) (50%), mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) (50%), and tumor protein 53 (TP53) (56%). One case that was negative for KRAS exhibited a G13D neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog mutation. In addition, gene fusions were detected in 10 samples for a total of 23 different intra‑ or inter‑chromosomal rearrangements, however, a recurrent fusion transcript remains to be identified. SNP arrays identified macroscopic and cryptic cytogenetic alterations in 85% of patients. Gains were observed in the chromosome arms 6p, 12p, 18q and 19q which contain KRAS, GATA binding protein 6, protein kinase B and cyclin D3. Deletions were identified on chromosome arms 1p, 9p, 6p, 18q, 10q, 15q, 17p, 21q and 19q which involve TP53, CDKN2A/B, SMAD4, runt‑related transcription factor 2, AT‑rich interactive domain‑containing protein 1A, phosphatase and tensin homolog and serine/threonine kinase 11. In conclusion, genetic alterations in PDCA were observed to involve numerous pathways including cell migration, transforming growth factor‑β signaling, apoptosis, cell proliferation and DNA damage repair. However, signaling alterations were not observed in all tumors and key mutations appeared to differ between PDAC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Di Marco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Interdepartmental Center of Cancer Research, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Elisa Grassi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Silvia Vecchiarelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Marina Macchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- Interdepartmental Center of Cancer Research, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Riccardo Casadei
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Claudio Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Marielda D'Ambra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Taffurelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Carla Serra
- Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Giorgio Ercolani
- Liver and Multiorgan Transplant Unit, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Donatella Santini
- Pathology Unit, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Antonia D'Errico
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Antonio Daniele Pinna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Francesco Minni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Sandra Durante
- Interdepartmental Center of Cancer Research, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Laura Raffaella Martella
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
| | - Guido Biasco
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola‑Malpighi Hospital, Bologna I‑40100, Italy
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Miao HK, Chen LP, Cai DP, Kong WJ, Xiao L, Lin J. MSH3 rs26279 polymorphism increases cancer risk: a meta-analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11060-11067. [PMID: 26617824 PMCID: PMC4637639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the association of mutS homolog 3 (MSH3) rs26279 G > A polymorphism with the risk of different types of cancers including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer and oesophageal cancer. However, its association with cancer remains conflicting. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between MSH3 rs26279 G > A polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Systematically searching the PubMed and EMBASE databases yielded 11 publications with 12 studies of 3282 cases and 6476 controls. The strength of the association was determined by crude odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, pooled risk estimates demonstrated that MSH3 rs26279 G > A was significantly associated with an increased overall cancer risk under all the genetic models (GG vs. AA: OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.09-1.48, P = 0.002; AG vs. AA: OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.00-1.21, P = 0.045; GG vs. AG + AA: OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.06-1.42, P = 0.005; AG + GG vs. AA: OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.04-1.24, P = 0.006; G vs. A: OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.05-1.20, P = 0.001). The association was more evident for colorectal cancer and breast cancer. Moreover, the significant association was also observed in the following subgroups: Europeans, Asians, population-based studies, hospital-based studies, and studies comprising relatively large sample size (≥ 200). Our meta-analysis results demonstrated that MSH3 rs26279 G > A polymorphism is associated with an increased risk of overall cancer, especially for the colorectal cancer and breast cancer.
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Association between RECQL5 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12201-4. [PMID: 25394896 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2528-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicated that the RECQL5 gene polymorphism was associated with human cancers. However, the association of RECQL5 gene polymorphism with breast cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the association between polymorphisms of the RECQL gene and breast cancer in a Chinese population. We selected four polymorphisms of the RECQL5 gene (rs820186, rs820196, rs820200, and rs4789223) for the present study. The genotyping was performed using the TaqMan method in 510 patients with breast cancer and 510 age- and sex-matched non-cancer controls. We found that rs820196 and rs828200 polymorphisms of RECQL5 were associated with breast cancer. For rs820196, the CC genotype (16.7 vs 9.4 %, P < 0.001) and C allele (42.5 vs 34.3 %, P < 0.001) were common in the breast cancer patients than in the control subjects, respectively. For rs828200, the GG genotype (23.7 vs 18.0 %, P < 0.001) and G allele (52.7 vs 43.8 %, P < 0.001) were common in the breast cancer patients than in the control subjects, respectively. Haplotype analysis showed that C-G (odds ratio (OR) = 2.247, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.854∼2.722; P < 0.001) was associated with increased risk for breast cancer. However, the C-T (OR = 0.175, 95 % CI 0.110∼0.278; P < 0.001) and T-G (OR = 0.544; 95 % CI 0.428∼0.692; P < 0.001) were associated with decreased risk for breast cancer, respectively. The present study indicated that the RECQL5 genetic polymorphism and haplotypes were associated with breast cancer in a Chinese population.
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28
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Ghiorzo P. Genetic predisposition to pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10778-89. [PMID: 25152581 PMCID: PMC4138458 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PC) is the most deadly of the common cancers. Owing to its rapid progression and almost certain fatal outcome, identifying individuals at risk and detecting early lesions are crucial to improve outcome. Genetic risk factors are believed to play a major role. Approximately 10% of PC is estimated to have familial inheritance. Several germline mutations have been found to be involved in hereditary forms of PC, including both familial PC (FPC) and PC as one of the manifestations of a hereditary cancer syndrome or other hereditary conditions. Although most of the susceptibility genes for FPC have yet to be identified, next-generation sequencing studies are likely to provide important insights. The risk of PC in FPC is sufficiently high to recommend screening of high-risk individuals; thus, defining such individuals appropriately is the key. Candidate genes have been described and patients considered for screening programs under research protocols should first be tested for presence of germline mutations in the BRCA2, PALB2 and ATM genes. In specific PC populations, including in Italy, hereditary cancer predisposition genes such as CDKN2A also explain a considerable fraction of FPC.
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McNamara KM, Moore NL, Hickey TE, Sasano H, Tilley WD. Complexities of androgen receptor signalling in breast cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:T161-81. [PMID: 24951107 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While the clinical benefit of androgen-based therapeutics in breast cancer has been known since the 1940s, we have only recently begun to fully understand the mechanisms of androgen action in breast cancer. Androgen signalling pathways can have either beneficial or deleterious effects in breast cancer depending on the breast cancer subtype and intracellular context. This review discusses our current knowledge of androgen signalling in breast cancer, including the relationship between serum androgens and breast cancer risk, the prognostic significance of androgen receptor (AR) expression in different breast cancer subtypes and the downstream molecular pathways mediating androgen action in breast cancer cells. Intracrine androgen metabolism has also been discussed and proposed as a potential mechanism that may explain some of the reported differences regarding dichotomous androgen actions in breast cancers. A better understanding of AR signalling in this disease is critical given the current resurgence in interest in utilising contemporary AR-directed therapies for breast cancer and the need for biomarkers that will accurately predict clinical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely M McNamara
- Department of PathologyTohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Sendai, JapanDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesDiscipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Nicole L Moore
- Department of PathologyTohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Sendai, JapanDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesDiscipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Theresa E Hickey
- Department of PathologyTohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Sendai, JapanDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesDiscipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of PathologyTohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Sendai, JapanDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesDiscipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Department of PathologyTohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Sendai, JapanDame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research LaboratoriesDiscipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, DX 650801, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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Wang Y, Li G, Hu F, Bi H, Wu Z, Zhao X, Li Y, Li S, Li D, Cui B, Dong X, Zhao Y. The prognostic significance of polymorphisms in hMLH1/hMSH2 for colorectal cancer. Med Oncol 2014; 31:975. [PMID: 24793746 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0975-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in two mismatch repair genes (hMLH1 and hMSH2) and colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis in Northeast China. We genotyped 387 patients for 10 SNPs in hMLH1 and hMSH2, using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism approach. Associations between genotypes and overall survival (OS) were estimated using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Two SNPs of hMLH1 (hMLH1 -93G>A and IVS3-1403A>T) were significantly associated with OS of CRC in dominant model and recessive model, respectively. For hMLH1 -93G>A, the adjusted HR equaled 0.66 (95 % CI 0.45-0.99, p = 0.04). As for hMLH1 IVS3-1403A>T, the adjusted HR equaled 1.90 (95 % CI 1.14-3.17, p = 0.01). When stratified by tumor location, hMLH1 -93G>A and IVS3-1403A>T were associated with colon cancer survival (for hMLH1 -93G>A, AA+AG vs. GG, HRadj = 0.34, 95 % CI 0.17-0.68, p < 0.01; for hMLH1 IVS3-1403A>T, AT vs. AA, HR(adj) = 2.20, 95 % CI 1.11-4.36, p = 0.02), rather than rectal cancer. None of SNPs located at hMSH2 were significantly associated with prognosis of CRC. Our findings suggested that common variants in hMLH1 may serve as a predictor of CRC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibaina Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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A single institution's 26-year experience with nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a validation of current staging systems and a new prognostic nomogram. Ann Surg 2014; 259:204-12. [PMID: 23673766 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0b013e31828f3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To validate the 2010 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and 2006 European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) tumor staging systems for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) using the largest, single-institution series of surgically resected patients in the literature. BACKGROUND The natural history and prognosis of PanNETs have been poorly defined because of the rarity and heterogeneity of these neoplasms. Currently, there are 2 main staging systems for PanNETs, which can complicate comparisons of reports in the literature and thereby hinder progress against this disease. METHODS Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted on the prognostic factors of survival using 326 sporadic, nonfunctional, surgically resected PanNET patients who were cared for at our institution between 1984 and 2011. Current and proposed models were tested for survival prognostication validity as measured by discrimination (Harrel's c-index, HCI) and calibration. RESULTS Five-year overall-survival rates for AJCC stages I, II, and IV are 93% (88%-99%), 74% (65%-83%), and 56% (42%-73%), respectively, whereas ENETS stages I, II, III, and IV are 97% (92%-100%), 87% (80%-95%), 73% (63%-84%), and 56% (42%-73%), respectively. Each model has an HCI of 0.68, and they are no different in their ability to predict survival. We developed a simple prognostic tool just using grade, as measured by continuous Ki-67 labeling, sex, and binary age that has an HCI of 0.74. CONCLUSIONS Both the AJCC and ENETS staging systems are valid and indistinguishable in their survival prognostication. A new, simpler prognostic tool can be used to predict survival and decrease interinstitutional mistakes and uncertainties regarding these neoplasms.
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Han G, Tian Y, Duan B, Sheng H, Gao H, Huang J. Association of nuclear annexin A1 with prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:751-759. [PMID: 24551299 PMCID: PMC3925923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Although recent progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains poor. The identification of biomarkers for ESCC prognosis is important for treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the expressions of Annexin A1 (ANXA1), three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1 (APE1) and clinical outcome of patients with ESCC. The expressions of ANXA1, TREX1 and APE1 in 93 pairs of ESCC and paracancerous tissues were tested using immunohistochemistry. ANX1, TREX1 and APE1 were dysregulated in ESCC. Nuclear expressions of ANXA1 and APE1 were significantly associated with pathologic type (P = 0.004 and 0.040, respectively). Patients with low expression of nuclear ANXA1 had a better prognosis than those with high expression of nuclear ANXA1 (HR = 0. 448, 95% CI 0.236-0.849, P = 0.014), especially for those with histologic grade 1 and 2 (HR = 0.303, 95% CI: 0.155-0.593, P < 0.001). In conclusion, nuclear ANXA1 may be potentially used as a prognostic biomarker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaohua Han
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Suzhou UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s HospitalTaizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Second Hospital of Suzhou UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bensong Duan
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at ShanghaiShanghai, China
| | - Haihui Sheng
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at ShanghaiShanghai, China
| | - Hengjun Gao
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai, China
- National Engineering Center for Biochip at ShanghaiShanghai, China
| | - Junxing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s HospitalTaizhou, Jiangsu, China
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Haplotype analysis of RECQL5 gene and laryngeal cancer. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2669-73. [PMID: 24213927 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RECQL is a DNA helicase involved in DNA mismatch repair. Previous studies indicated that the RECQL gene mutation was associated with human cancers. In the present study, we investigated the association between polymorphisms of RECQL gene and laryngeal cancer in a Chinese population. Four polymorphisms of the RECQL5 gene (rs820186, rs820196, rs820200, and rs4789223) were genotyped by the TaqMan method in 275 patients with larynx cancer and 300 age- and sex-matched non-cancer controls. We found that rs820196 polymorphism of RECQL5 was associated with larynx cancer, the CC genotype (16.4% vs 9.3%, P = 0.013) and C allele (42% vs 34.2%, P = 0.006) was common in larynx cancer patients than in the control subjects, respectively. Haplotype analysis showed that GCGA (OR = 18.955, 95% confidence interval (CI) 9.479 ~ 37.905; P < 0.001) and GTTG (OR = 1.684; 95% CI 1.327 ~ 2.137; P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk for larynx cancer. However, ACGA (OR = 0.605; 95% CI 0.430 ~ 0.852; P = 0.003), GCGG (OR = 0.636; 95% CI 0.411 ~ 0.982; P = 0.039), and GTGG (OR = 0.194; 95% CI 0.104 ~ 0.361; P < 0.001) were associated with decreased risk for larynx cancer. The present study indicated that RECQL5 genetic polymorphism and haplotypes were associated with larynx cancer in a Chinese population.
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34
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Wang C, Pécot T, Zynger DL, Machiraju R, Shapiro CL, Huang K. Identifying survival associated morphological features of triple negative breast cancer using multiple datasets. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2013; 20:680-7. [PMID: 23585272 PMCID: PMC3721170 DOI: 10.1136/amiajnl-2012-001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Biomarkers for subtyping triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are needed given the absence of responsive therapy and relatively poor prediction of survival. Morphology of cancer tissues is widely used in clinical practice for stratifying cancer patients, while genomic data are highly effective to classify cancer patients into subgroups. Thus integration of both morphological and genomic data is a promising approach in discovering new biomarkers for cancer outcome prediction. Here we propose a workflow for analyzing histopathological images and integrate them with genomic data for discovering biomarkers for TNBC. Materials and methods We developed an image analysis workflow for extracting a large collection of morphological features and deployed the same on histological images from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) TNBC samples during the discovery phase (n=44). Strong correlations between salient morphological features and gene expression profiles from the same patients were identified. We then evaluated the same morphological features in predicting survival using a local TNBC cohort (n=143). We further tested the predictive power on patient prognosis of correlated gene clusters using two other public gene expression datasets. Results and conclusion Using TCGA data, we identified 48 pairs of significantly correlated morphological features and gene clusters; four morphological features were able to separate the local cohort with significantly different survival outcomes. Gene clusters correlated with these four morphological features further proved to be effective in predicting patient survival using multiple public gene expression datasets. These results suggest the efficacy of our workflow and demonstrate that integrative analysis holds promise for discovering biomarkers of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Tomé S, Manley K, Simard JP, Clark GW, Slean MM, Swami M, Shelbourne PF, Tillier ERM, Monckton DG, Messer A, Pearson CE. MSH3 polymorphisms and protein levels affect CAG repeat instability in Huntington's disease mice. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003280. [PMID: 23468640 PMCID: PMC3585117 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansions of trinucleotide CAG/CTG repeats in somatic tissues are thought to contribute to ongoing disease progression through an affected individual's life with Huntington's disease or myotonic dystrophy. Broad ranges of repeat instability arise between individuals with expanded repeats, suggesting the existence of modifiers of repeat instability. Mice with expanded CAG/CTG repeats show variable levels of instability depending upon mouse strain. However, to date the genetic modifiers underlying these differences have not been identified. We show that in liver and striatum the R6/1 Huntington's disease (HD) (CAG)∼100 transgene, when present in a congenic C57BL/6J (B6) background, incurred expansion-biased repeat mutations, whereas the repeat was stable in a congenic BALB/cByJ (CBy) background. Reciprocal congenic mice revealed the Msh3 gene as the determinant for the differences in repeat instability. Expansion bias was observed in congenic mice homozygous for the B6 Msh3 gene on a CBy background, while the CAG tract was stabilized in congenics homozygous for the CBy Msh3 gene on a B6 background. The CAG stabilization was as dramatic as genetic deficiency of Msh2. The B6 and CBy Msh3 genes had identical promoters but differed in coding regions and showed strikingly different protein levels. B6 MSH3 variant protein is highly expressed and associated with CAG expansions, while the CBy MSH3 variant protein is expressed at barely detectable levels, associating with CAG stability. The DHFR protein, which is divergently transcribed from a promoter shared by the Msh3 gene, did not show varied levels between mouse strains. Thus, naturally occurring MSH3 protein polymorphisms are modifiers of CAG repeat instability, likely through variable MSH3 protein stability. Since evidence supports that somatic CAG instability is a modifier and predictor of disease, our data are consistent with the hypothesis that variable levels of CAG instability associated with polymorphisms of DNA repair genes may have prognostic implications for various repeat-associated diseases. The genetic instability of repetitive DNA sequences in particular genes can lead to numerous neurodegenerative, neurological, and neuromuscular diseases. These diseases show progressively increasing severity of symptoms through the life of the affected individual, a phenomenon that is linked with increasing instability of the repeated sequences as the person ages. There is variability in the levels of this instability between individuals—the source of this variability is unknown. We have shown in a mouse model of repeat instability that small differences in a certain DNA repair gene, MSH3, whose protein is known to fix broken DNA, can lead to variable levels of repeat instability. These DNA repair variants lead to different repair protein levels, where lower levels lead to reduced repeat instability. Our findings reveal that such naturally occurring variations in DNA repair genes in affected humans may serve as a predictor of disease progression. Moreover, our findings support the concept that pharmacological reduction of MSH3 protein should reduce repeat instability and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Tomé
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Manley
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Jodie P. Simard
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg W. Clark
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan M. Slean
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meera Swami
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peggy F. Shelbourne
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth R. M. Tillier
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Darren G. Monckton
- Institute of Molecular, Cell, and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Messer
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Pearson
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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36
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Mondal P, Datta S, Maiti GP, Baral A, Jha GN, Panda CK, Chowdhury S, Ghosh S, Roy B, Roychoudhury S. Comprehensive SNP scan of DNA repair and DNA damage response genes reveal multiple susceptibility loci conferring risk to tobacco associated leukoplakia and oral cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56952. [PMID: 23437280 PMCID: PMC3577702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphic variants of DNA repair and damage response genes play major role in carcinogenesis. These variants are suspected as predisposition factors to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). For identification of susceptible variants affecting OSCC development in Indian population, the "maximally informative" method of SNP selection from HapMap data to non-HapMap populations was applied. Three hundred twenty-five SNPs from 11 key genes involved in double strand break repair, mismatch repair and DNA damage response pathways were genotyped on a total of 373 OSCC, 253 leukoplakia and 535 unrelated control individuals. The significantly associated SNPs were validated in an additional cohort of 144 OSCC patients and 160 controls. The rs12515548 of MSH3 showed significant association with OSCC both in the discovery and validation phases (discovery P-value: 1.43E-05, replication P-value: 4.84E-03). Two SNPs (rs12360870 of MRE11A, P-value: 2.37E-07 and rs7003908 of PRKDC, P-value: 7.99E-05) were found to be significantly associated only with leukoplakia. Stratification of subjects based on amount of tobacco consumption identified SNPs that were associated with either high or low tobacco exposed group. The study reveals a synergism between associated SNPs and lifestyle factors in predisposition to OSCC and leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Mondal
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayantan Datta
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Guru Prasad Maiti
- Oncogene Regulation and Viral associated Human cancer, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aradhita Baral
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ganga Nath Jha
- Department of Anthropology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Bihar, India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Oncogene Regulation and Viral associated Human cancer, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shantanu Chowdhury
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Bidyut Roy
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Susanta Roychoudhury
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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Campa D, Rizzato C, Capurso G, Giese N, Funel N, Greenhalf W, Soucek P, Gazouli M, Pezzilli R, Pasquali C, Talar-Wojnarowska R, Cantore M, Andriulli A, Scarpa A, Jamroziak K, Delle Fave G, Costello E, Khaw KT, Heller A, Key TJ, Theodoropoulos G, Malecka-Panas E, Mambrini A, Bambi F, Landi S, Pedrazzoli S, Bassi C, Pacetti P, Piepoli A, Tavano F, di Sebastiano P, Vodickova L, Basso D, Plebani M, Fogar P, Büchler MW, Bugert P, Vodicka P, Boggi U, Neoptolemos JP, Werner J, Canzian F. Genetic susceptibility to pancreatic cancer and its functional characterisation: the PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45:95-9. [PMID: 23206934 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the European Union and in the USA, but little is known about its genetic susceptibility. The PANcreatic Disease ReseArch (PANDoRA) consortium was established to unite the efforts of different research groups; its aim is to create a large bio-database to uncover new genetic factors for pancreatic cancer risk, response to treatment, and patient survival. So far 2220 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a smaller number of cases of endocrine pancreatic tumours (n=86), chronic pancreatitis (n=272) and 3847 healthy controls have been collected. As a collective effort of the consortium, SNPs associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma risk from a genome-wide association study performed in Caucasians were replicated. The possibility that the same genetic polymorphisms may influence patient survival as well was also addressed. This collective effort is particularly important for pancreatic cancer because it is a relatively rare disease for which little is known about aetiopathogenesis and risk factors. The recruitment of additional collaborators and partner institutions is continuously on-going.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Campa
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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38
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A single nucleotide polymorphism in EXO1 gene is associated with cervical cancer susceptibility in Chinese patients. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2012; 22:220-5. [PMID: 22146767 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e318234fd8a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Exonuclease1 (EXO1) genetic polymorphism and the development of cervical carcinoma. METHODS This study was conducted with 126 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer and 278 people with no cancer history. The polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to evaluate the K589E and C908G gene polymorphisms. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the association between the genotypes and the risk for cervical cancer. RESULTS This is the first study on the role of EXO1 K589E (rs1047840) and EXO1 C908G (rs10802996) polymorphisms in cervical cancer in a Chinese population. Our results indicated that the EXO1 K589G polymorphism were significantly associated with the risk for cervical cancer. Compared with the G allele EXO1 K589E, the A allele increased the risk for cervical cancer (adjusted odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-2.45). By contrast, we have not found a significant association between the EXO1 C908G polymorphism and cervical cancer risk (P = 0.791). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the SNPs of EXO1 K589E may contribute to cervical cancer carcinogenesis in Chinese populations. A larger population study will need to be carried out to further validate the potential association of EXO1 genetic polymorphism and cervical carcinoma.
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Willis JA, Olson SH, Orlow I, Mukherjee S, McWilliams RR, Kurtz RC, Klein RJ. A replication study and genome-wide scan of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pancreatic cancer risk and overall survival. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3942-51. [PMID: 22665904 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) on pancreatic cancer risk and overall survival (OS). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The germ line DNA of 531 pancreatic cancer cases and 305 healthy controls from a hospital-based study was genotyped at SNPs previously reported to be associated with pancreatic cancer risk or clinical outcome. We analyzed putative risk SNPs for replication of their reported effects on risk and tested for novel effects on OS. Similarly, we analyzed putative survival-associated SNPs for replication of their reported effects on OS and tested for novel effects on risk. Finally, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of OS using a subset of 252 cases, with two subsequent validation sets of 261 and 572 patients, respectively. RESULTS Among seven risk SNPs analyzed, two (rs505922 and rs9543325) were associated with risk (P < 0.05). Among 24 survival-associated SNPs analyzed, one (rs9350) was associated with OS (P < 0.05). No putative risk SNPs or putative survival-associated SNPs were found to be associated with OS or risk, respectively. Furthermore, our GWAS identified a novel SNP [rs1482426, combined stage I and II, P = 1.7 × 10(-6), per-allele HR, 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38-2.18] to be putatively associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS The effects of SNPs on pancreatic cancer risk and OS were replicated in our study, although further work is necessary to understand the functional mechanisms underlying these effects. More importantly, the putative association with OS identified by GWAS suggests that GWAS may be useful in identifying SNPs associated with clinical outcome in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Willis
- Program in Cancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Dong X, Li Y, Chang P, Hess KR, Abbruzzese JL, Li D. DNA mismatch repair network gene polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for pancreatic cancer. Mol Carcinog 2011; 51:491-9. [PMID: 21681824 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair plays a critical role in human cancers. We hypothesized that DNA mismatch repair gene variants are associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. We retrospectively genotyped 102 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of 13 mismatch repair related genes in 706 patients with pancreatic cancer and 706 cancer-free controls using the mass spectroscopy-based MassArray method. Association of genotype with pancreatic cancer risk was tested by multivariate logistic regression models. A significance level of P ≤ 0.0015 was set at the false discovery rate (FDR) <1% using the Beta-Uniform Mixture method. We found 28 SNPs related to altered pancreatic cancer risk (P < 0.05). Adjusting for multiple comparisons, MGMT I143V AG/GG, PMS2 IVS1-1121C > T TC/TT, and PMS2L3 Ex1 + 118C > T CT/TT genotypes showed significant main effects on pancreatic cancer risk at FDR <1% with OR (95% CI) of 0.60 (0.46-0.80), 1.44 (1.14-1.81), and 5.54 (2.10-14.61), respectively (P ≤ 0.0015). To demonstrate genotype-phenotype association, we measured O(6)-ethylguanosine (O(6)-EtGua) adduct levels in vitro by immunoslot blot assay in lymphocytes treated with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) in 297 case/control subjects. MGMT I143V GG, MGMT K178R GG, MSH6 G39E AG/AA, PMS2L3 IVS3 + 9A > G GA and TP73 IVS1-7449G > C CG/CC genotypes correlated with a higher level of ENU-induced DNA adducts. Haplotypes of MGMT, MSH6, PMS2, PMS2L3, and TP73 were significantly associated with pancreatic cancer risk (P ≤ 0.0015). Our findings suggest that mismatch repair gene variants may affect susceptibility to pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Dong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
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Clinical implications of mismatched repair gene promoter methylation in pancreatic cancer. Med Oncol 2011; 29:970-6. [PMID: 21660619 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-011-9968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between the hypermethylation statuses of the mismatch repair genes (hMLH1 and hMSH2) promoters and explore the correlation between it and the development of pancreatic cancer and the biological behavior of pancreatic cancer. We selected 90 patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and underwent radical operations in the First Affiliated Hospital of the Dalian Medical University between January 2002 and June 2008. The methylation status of the hMLH1 and hMSH2 promoters was detected by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Meanwhile, the expression of hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, and its correlation with biological behavior of pancreatic cancer was explored. Of the 90 cases, hMLH1 promoter methylation was detected in 54 (60.0%) patients, while none of the paracancerous tissues indicated methylation. In the study, the hMLH1-methylated tumors lost hMLH1 protein expression, but the non-hMLH1-methylated tumors were not seen to have a loss of hMLH1 protein expression (P < 0.001). On the other hand, there were four cases of hMSH2 promoter methylation. However, no significant difference was found between hMSH2 promoter methylation and non-hMSH2 promoter methylation cases (P > 0.05). After universal analysis, hMLH1 expression was significantly related to tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and tumor location (P < 0.05) while not related to the age, sex, and tumor size (P > 0.05). Our study suggests that the mismatch repair genes play an important role in pancreatic cancer carcinogenesis and progression through epigenetic modification, and it may be regarded as a potential target for the management of pancreatic cancer.
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