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Kowalewski A, Borowczak J, Maniewski M, Gostomczyk K, Grzanka D, Szylberg Ł. Targeting apoptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116805. [PMID: 38781868 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent subtype of renal cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all renal cell cancers. Due to its exceptional inter- and intratumor heterogeneity, it is highly resistant to conventional systemic therapies. Targeting the evasion of cell death, one of cancer's hallmarks, is currently emerging as an alternative strategy for ccRCC. In this article, we review the current state of apoptosis-inducing therapies against ccRCC, including antisense oligonucleotides, BH3 mimetics, histone deacetylase inhibitors, cyclin-kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of apoptosis protein antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies. Although preclinical studies have shown encouraging results, these compounds fail to improve patients' outcomes significantly. Current evidence suggests that inducing apoptosis in ccRCC may promote tumor progression through apoptosis-induced proliferation, anastasis, and apoptosis-induced nuclear expulsion. Therefore, re-evaluating this approach is expected to enable successful preclinical-to-clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kowalewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Center of Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland.
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Clinical Department of Oncology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz 85-796, Poland; Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
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Ahluwalia MS, Rogers LR, Chaudhary R, Newton H, Ozair A, Khosla AA, Nixon AB, Adams BJ, Seon BK, Peereboom DM, Theuer CP. Endoglin inhibitor TRC105 with or without bevacizumab for bevacizumab-refractory glioblastoma (ENDOT): a multicenter phase II trial. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:120. [PMID: 37684373 PMCID: PMC10491825 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal primary brain tumor, has limited treatment options upon recurrence after chemoradiation and bevacizumab. TRC105 (carotuximab), a chimeric anti-endoglin (CD105) antibody, inhibits angiogenesis and potentiates activity of VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab in preclinical models. This study sought to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of TRC105 for bevacizumab-refractory GBM. METHODS We conducted a pre-registered (NCT01564914), multicenter, open-label phase II clinical trial (ENDOT). We administered 10 mg/kg TRC105 monotherapy (first cohort) in adults with GBM and radiographic progression following radiation, temozolomide and bevacizumab therapy. Primary outcome was median time-to-progression (TTP), amended after first cohort's enrollment to median overall survival (mOS). Secondary outcomes were objective response rate, safety and tolerability, and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS 6 patients were enrolled in TRC105 monotherapy cohort. Median TTP and PFS of 5 evaluable patients receiving monotherapy was 1.4 months, in whom plasma VEGF-A levels were elevated post-therapy. Lack of response led to protocol amendment, and second cohort's addition of bevacizumab+TRC105 with primary endpoint of mOS. 16 patients were enrolled in bevacizumab+TRC105 cohort. mOS of 15 evaluable patients was 5.7 (95%CI: 4.2-9.8) months. All 22 patients had measurable disease at baseline. Median PFS of 14 evaluable patients receiving bevacizumab+TRC105 was 1.8 months (95%CI 1.2-2.1). Serum TRC105 was measurable above target concentration of 25 ug/mL in all evaluable patients. Study medications were well-tolerated in both cohorts. Combined administration did not potentiate known toxicities of either medication, with cerebral hemorrhage not observed. CONCLUSIONS Single-agent TRC105 lacks activity in bevacizumab-refractory GBM, possibly secondary to upregulated VEGF-A expression. Meaningful mOS in bevacizumab+TRC105 cohort warrants further trials to investigate efficacy of combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet S Ahluwalia
- Rose and Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA.
- Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Lisa R Rogers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Rekha Chaudhary
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Herbert Newton
- Department of Neurology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ahmad Ozair
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Atulya A Khosla
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Ben K Seon
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David M Peereboom
- Rose and Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Oladejo M, Nguyen HM, Wood L. CD105 in the progression and therapy of renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2023; 570:216327. [PMID: 37499740 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers that interact with the vascular and immune compartments play an important role in the progression of solid malignancies. CD105, which is a component of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) signaling cascade, has long been studied for its role in potentiating angiogenesis in numerous cancers. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the role of CD105 is more complicated due to its diverse expression profile on the tumor cells, tumor vasculature, and the components of the immune system. Since its discovery, its angiogenic role has overshadowed other potential functions, especially in cancers. In this review, we aim to summarize the recent evidence and findings of the multifunctional roles of CD105 in angiogenesis and immunomodulation in the context of the various subtypes of RCC, with a specific emphasis on the clear cell RCC subtype. Since CD105 is an established biomarker and tumor antigen, we also provide an update on the preclinical and clinical applications of CD105 as a therapeutic platform in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Hong-My Nguyen
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA
| | - Laurence Wood
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA.
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Vaklavas C, Stringer-Reasor EM, Elkhanany AM, Ryan KJ, Li Y, Theuer CP, Acosta EP, Wei S, Yang ES, Grizzle WE, Forero-Torres A. A phase I/II study of preoperative letrozole, everolimus, and carotuximab in stage 2 and 3 hormone receptor-positive and Her2-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 198:217-229. [PMID: 36735117 PMCID: PMC10020303 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In nonmetastatic hormone receptor-positive and Her2-negative breast cancer, preoperative endocrine therapies can yield outcomes similar with chemotherapy. We evaluated the tolerability and preliminary antitumor activity of preoperative letrozole, everolimus, and carotuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting endoglin, in nonmetastatic breast cancer. METHODS Eligible patients had newly diagnosed, stage 2 or 3, hormone receptor-positive and Her2/neu-negative breast cancer. Patients received escalating doses of everolimus; the dose of letrozole and carotuximab were fixed at 2.5 mg PO daily and 15 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks, respectively. The primary objective was to determine the safety and tolerability of the combination. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies and assessments of antitumor activity. RESULTS Fifteen patients enrolled. The recommended phase 2 dose of everolimus in combination with letrozole and carotuximab was 10 mg PO daily. The most frequent adverse events were headache (67%), fatigue (47%), facial flushing and swelling (47%), gingival hemorrhage (40%), epistaxis (33%), nausea and vomiting (27%). Headache constituted a dose-limiting toxicity. At least two signs of mucocutaneous telangiectasia developed in 92% of patients. Carotuximab accumulated in the extravascular space and accelerated the biodistribution and clearance of everolimus. All patients had residual disease. Gene expression analyses were consistent with downregulation of genes involved in proliferation and DNA repair. Among 6 patients with luminal B breast cancer, 5 converted to luminal A after one cycle of therapy. CONCLUSION Letrozole, everolimus, and carotuximab were tolerated in combination at their single-agent doses. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed an interaction between everolimus and carotuximab. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02520063), first posted on August 11, 2015, and is active, not recruiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Vaklavas
- Huntsman Cancer Institute of the University of Utah, 2000 Circle of Hope, RS2509, Salt Lake, UT, 84112, USA.
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | | | - Kevin J Ryan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yufeng Li
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Shi Wei
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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The Mutually Mediated Chloride Intracellular Channel Protein 1 (CLIC1) Relationship between Malignant Cells and Tumor Blood Vessel Endothelium Exhibits a Significant Impact on Tumor Angiogenesis, Progression, and Metastasis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235981. [PMID: 36497464 PMCID: PMC9740861 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overexpression of chloride intracellular channel protein 1 (CLIC1) in tumor cells has been confirmed, but it has received less attention in the tumor blood vessel endothelium. Aim: The assessment of CLIC1 expression in ccRCC tumor blood vessels and its relationship with TNM parameters and tumor cell CLIC1 expression. Methods: CLIC1 immunostaining in ccRCC was evaluated in 50 cases in both malignant cells and tumor blood vessels (CLIC1 microvessel density-CLIC1-MVD) and was correlated with TNM staging parameters. Results: CLIC1-MVD was observed in approximately 65% of cases, and CLIC1 co-localization in both tumor and endothelial cells was observed in 59% of cases. ccRCC was classified into four groups (Classes 0−3) based on the percentage of positive tumor cells, with each group including sub-groups defined by CLIC1 expression in the endothelium. Class 3 (60−100% positive tumor cells) had the highest CLIC1-MVD, with an impact on T and M parameters (p value = 0.007 for T, and p value = 0.006 for M). For cases with CLIC1 intracellular translocation, there was a strong correlation between CLIC1-MVD and M (p value < 0.001). Conclusions: Co-expression of ccRCC tumor and endothelial cells promotes tumor progression and metastasis and should be investigated further as a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC and other human malignancies.
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Oladejo M, Nguyen HM, Silwal A, Reese B, Paulishak W, Markiewski MM, Wood LM. Listeria-based immunotherapy directed against CD105 exerts anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor efficacy in renal cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1038807. [PMID: 36439126 PMCID: PMC9692019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1038807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor-associated angiogenesis is currently at the forefront of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) therapy, with sunitinib and bevacizumab leading to increased survival in patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC). However, resistance often occurs shortly after initiation of therapy, suggesting that targeting the tumor-associated vascular endothelium may not be sufficient to eradicate RCC. This study reports the therapeutic efficacy of a Listeria (Lm)-based vaccine encoding an antigenic fragment of CD105 (Lm-LLO-CD105A) that targets both RCC tumor cells and the tumor-associated vasculature. Lm-LLO-CD105A treatment reduced primary tumor growth in both subcutaneous and orthotopic models of murine RCC. The vaccine conferred anti-tumor immunity and remodeled the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in increased infiltration of polyfunctional CD8+ and CD4+ T cells and reduced infiltration of immunosuppressive cell types within the TME. We further provide evidence that the therapeutic efficacy of Lm-LLO-CD105A is mediated by CD8+ T cells and is dependent on the robust antigenic expression of CD105 by RCC tumor cells. The result from this study demonstrates the safety and promising therapeutic efficacy of targeting RCC-associated CD105 expression with Lm-based immunotherapy.
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Huang Q, Xiao R, Lu J, Zhang Y, Xu L, Gao J, Sun J, Wang H. Endoglin aggravates peritoneal fibrosis by regulating the activation of TGF-β/ALK/Smads signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973182. [PMID: 36210850 PMCID: PMC9537553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is an intractable complication in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key pro-fibrogenic factor involved in PD-associated PF, and endoglin, as a coreceptor for TGF-β, plays a role in balancing the TGF-β signaling pathway. Here, we investigated whether endoglin could be a potential therapeutic target for PF.Methods:In vivo, we established PF model in SD rats by daily intraperitoneal injection of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) containing 4.25% glucose for 6 weeks and downregulated endoglin expression by tail vein injection of AAV9-ENG on day 14 to assess the effect of endoglin on peritoneal morphology and markers related to fibrosis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro, we treated human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) transfected with ENG siRNA in high glucose medium to explore the potential mechanism of endoglin in PF.Results: Compared to control group, continuous exposure to biologically incompatible PDF induced exacerbated PF, accompanied by a significant increase in endoglin expression. Conversely, knockdown of endoglin ameliorated peritoneal injury characterized by increased peritoneal thickening and collagen deposition, angiogenesis, as well as EMT. Consistently, HPMCs cultured in high glucose medium underwent the EMT process and exhibited over-expression of fibronectin, collagen type I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whereas these aforementioned alterations were alleviated after ENG siRNA transfection. In addition, we also found that ENG siRNA inhibited TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/9 in HPMCs treated with high glucose (HG).Conclusion: Our findings confirmed for the first time that endoglin exacerbated PF by regulating the activation of TGF-β/ALK/Smads signaling, which will provide a novel potential therapeutic target in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Sun, ; Haiping Wang,
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Sun, ; Haiping Wang,
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Curcuminoids Inhibit Angiogenic Behaviors of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via Endoglin/Smad1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073889. [PMID: 35409247 PMCID: PMC8998963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis is primarily attributed to the excessive proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is therefore significant in anti-angiogenic therapy. Although these treatments have not reached clinical expectations, the upregulation of alternative angiogenic pathways (endoglin/Smad1) may play a critical role in drug (VEGF-neutralizing agents) resistance. Enhanced endoglin expression following a VEGF-neutralizing therapy (semaxanib®) was noted in patients. Treatment with an endoglin-targeting antibody augmented VEGF expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Therefore, approaches that inhibit both the androgen and VEGF pathways enhance the HUVECs cytotoxicity and reverse semaxanib resistance. The purpose of this study was to find natural-occurring compounds that inhibited the endoglin-targeting pathway. Methods: Curcuminoids targeting endoglin were recognized from two thousand compounds in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database@Taiwan (TCM Database@Taiwan) using Discovery Studio 4.5. Results: Our results, obtained using cytotoxicity, migration/invasion, and flow cytometry assays, showed that curcumin (Cur) and demethoxycurcumin (DMC) reduced angiogenesis. In addition, Cur and DMC downregulated endoglin/pSmad1 phosphorylation. Conclusions: The study first showed that Cur and DMC demonstrated antiangiogenic activity via the inhibition of endoglin/Smad1 signaling. Synergistic effects of curcuminoids (i.e., curcumin and DMC) and semaxanib on HUVECs were found. This might be attributed to endoglin/pSmad1 downregulation in HUVECs. Combination treatment with curcuminoids and a semaxanib is therefore expected to reverse semaxanib resistance.
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Hanusek K, Rybicka B, Popławski P, Adamiok-Ostrowska A, Głuchowska K, Piekiełko-Witkowska A, Bogusławska J. TGF‑β1 affects the renal cancer miRNome and regulates tumor cells proliferation. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:52. [PMID: 35179216 PMCID: PMC8904080 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine that can either promote or inhibit cancer development and progression. It was previously found that TGF-β1 can regulate the expression of several microRNAs (miR or miRNA) involved in the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the effects of TGF-β1 on the global RCC miRNome. It was found that TGF-β1 can regulate a complex network consisting of miRNAs and mRNAs involved in RCC transformation. In particular, TGF-β1 was revealed to regulate the proliferation of RCC cells while concomitantly modifying the expression of oncogenic regulators, including avian erythroblastosis virus E26 (V-Ets) oncogene homolog-1 (ETS1). In addition, TGF-β1 was demonstrated to regulate the expression of a number of miRNAs including miR-30c-5p, miR-155-5p, miR-181a-5p and miR-181b-5p. By contrast, TGF-β1 reciprocally modified the expression of genes encoding TGF-β1 receptors and SMADs, indicating a novel regulatory feedback mechanism mediated through the miRNAs. These data suggested that ETS1 served different roles in different subtypes of RCC tumors, specifically by functioning as an oncogene in clear cell RCC while as a tumor suppressor in papillary RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Hanusek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01‑813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Rybicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01‑813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Popławski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01‑813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Adamiok-Ostrowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01‑813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Głuchowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01‑813 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Bogusławska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01‑813 Warsaw, Poland
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Li L, Zhong L, Tang C, Gan L, Mo T, Na J, He J, Huang Y. CD105: tumor diagnosis, prognostic marker and future tumor therapeutic target. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1447-1458. [PMID: 35165838 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the diseases with the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, and its therapeutic options are inadequate. The endothelial glycoprotein, also known as CD105, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein located on the surface of the cell membranes and it is one of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor complexes. It regulates the responses associated with binding to transforming growth factor β1 egg (Activin-A), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). Additionally, it is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. This glycoprotein is indispensable in the treatment of tumor angiogenesis, and it also plays a leading role in tumor angiogenesis therapy. Therefore, CD105 is considered to be a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we explored the significance of CD105 in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of various tumors, and provided evidence for the effect and mechanism of CD105 on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Liping Zhong
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lu Gan
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tong Mo
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jintong Na
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian He
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yong Huang
- National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Talent Highland of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Galanis E, Anderson SK, Twohy E, Butowski NA, Hormigo A, Schiff D, Omuro A, Jaeckle KA, Kumar S, Kaufmann TJ, Geyer S, Kumthekar PU, Campian J, Giannini C, Buckner JC, Wen PY. Phase I/randomized phase II trial of TRC105 plus bevacizumab versus bevacizumab in recurrent glioblastoma: North Central Cancer Treatment Group N1174 (Alliance). Neurooncol Adv 2022; 4:vdac041. [PMID: 35664553 PMCID: PMC9154335 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdac041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with glioblastoma (GBM) have a poor prognosis and limited effective treatment options. Bevacizumab has been approved for treatment of recurrent GBM, but there is questionable survival benefit. Based on preclinical and early clinical data indicating that CD105 upregulation may represent a mechanism of resistance to bevacizumab, we hypothesized that combining bevacizumab with the anti-CD105 antibody TRC105 may improve efficacy in recurrent GBM. Methods Phase I dose-escalation/comparative randomized phase II trial in patients with GBM. During phase I, the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of TRC105 in combination with bevacizumab was determined. In phase II, patients were randomized 1:1 to TRC105 and bevacizumab or bevacizumab monotherapy. Patients received TRC105 (10 mg/kg) weekly and bevacizumab (10 mg/kg) every 2 weeks. Efficacy, as assessed by progression-free survival (PFS), was the primary endpoint; safety, quality of life, and correlative outcomes were also evaluated. Results In total, 15 patients were enrolled in phase I and 101 in phase II; 52 patients were randomized to TRC105 with bevacizumab and 49 to bevacizumab monotherapy. The MTD was determined to be 10 mg/kg TRC105 weekly plus bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks. An increased occurrence of grade ≥3 adverse events was seen in the combination arm, including higher incidences of anemia. Median PFS was similar in both treatment arms: 2.9 months for combination versus 3.2 months for bevacizumab monotherapy (HR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.75-1.78, P = .51). Quality of life scores were similar for both treatment arms. Conclusions TRC105 in combination with bevacizumab was well tolerated in patients with recurrent GBM, but no difference in efficacy was observed compared to bevacizumab monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Galanis
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - S Keith Anderson
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Erin Twohy
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nicholas A Butowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adilia Hormigo
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, The Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Schiff
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Antonio Omuro
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kurt A Jaeckle
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Shaji Kumar
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy J Kaufmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Susan Geyer
- Alliance Statistics and Data Management Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Priya U Kumthekar
- Northwestern Medicine, Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Chicago Illinois, USA
| | - Jian Campian
- Washington University School of Medicine, Siteman Cancer Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Jan C Buckner
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber/Partners Cancer Care, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Li CH, Ko JL, Hsiao YP, Tsai MH, Lai YC, Hsin IL, Kang YT, Sheu GT, Lin WL, Wu MF. Plasma Endoglin is Associated with Favorable Outcome for Pemetrexed-Based Therapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:9305-9318. [PMID: 35221721 PMCID: PMC8866988 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s338957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pemetrexed-based chemotherapy (Pem-C) is the first-line chemotherapy for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, limited tumor-associated proteins in blood are available to predict pemetrexed response and/or survival. Patients and Methods Plasma samples from three responders and three nonresponders with stage IIIB–IV NSCLC were collected prior to Pem-C and analyzed using Proteome ProfilerTM Human XL Oncology Array to detect 84 oncology-related proteins. The plasma concentrations of cathepsin S, endoglin (ENG), and matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 in 71 patients with advanced NSCLC treated with Pem-C were further measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the remarkable differences in the four proteins between responders and nonresponders in the array results. Results Pem-C responders had significantly higher ENG levels but not the other three markers than nonresponders (mean ENG level: 27.1 ± 7.4 vs 22.3 ± 6.9, p < 0.01). High ENG concentration was correlated with improved progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.86, p < 0.01) and overall survival (HR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32–0.94, p < 0.05) in patients treated with Pem-C, and the ENG level was an independent factor in our cohort (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33–0.89, p < 0.05). ENG concentration in Pem-C responders also significantly increased at the time of best response (p < 0.05). Conclusion Cumulatively, this study reveals that ENG is correlated with Pem-C responsiveness in patients, which indicates the potential use of plasma ENG levels as a non-invasive biomarker for pemetrexed-based treatment in patients with non-squamous NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsing Li
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Immunology & Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Division of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hung Tsai
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chein Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Tarng Sheu
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Wea-Lung Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- CSMU Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Ming-Fang Wu Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 40201, TaiwanTel +886-4-24739595#34711 Email
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13
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Anker J, Miller J, Taylor N, Kyprianou N, Tsao CK. From Bench to Bedside: How the Tumor Microenvironment Is Impacting the Future of Immunotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:3231. [PMID: 34831452 PMCID: PMC8619121 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape for many cancer types. The treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has especially evolved in recent years, from cytokine-based immunotherapies to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although clinical benefit from immunotherapy is limited to a subset of patients, many combination-based approaches have led to improved outcomes. The success of such approaches is a direct result of the tumor immunology knowledge accrued regarding the RCC microenvironment, which, while highly immunogenic, demonstrates many unique characteristics. Ongoing translational work has elucidated some of the mechanisms of response, as well as primary and secondary resistance, to immunotherapy. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the RCC immunophenotype with a specific focus on how preclinical and clinical data are shaping the future of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Anker
- Division of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Justin Miller
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Nicole Taylor
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.); (N.T.)
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Department of Pathology and Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Che-Kai Tsao
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (J.M.); (N.T.)
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
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14
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Choueiri TK, Zakharia Y, Pal S, Kocsis J, Pachynski R, Poprach A, Nixon AB, Liu Y, Starr M, Lyu J, Owzar K, deShazo M, Lara P, Geczi L, Ho TH, Walsh M, Adams B, Robertson L, Darif M, Theuer C, Agarwal N. Clinical Results and Biomarker Analyses of Axitinib and TRC105 versus Axitinib Alone in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (TRAXAR). Oncologist 2021; 26:560-e1103. [PMID: 33829609 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LESSONS LEARNED The combination of carotuximab with axitinib did not provide a benefit over axitinib monotherapy in patients with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma who had previously progressed on one or more vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-targeted therapies. Exploratory evaluation of pretreatment circulating biomarkers suggested the combination might benefit patients who have low baseline VEGF levels. BACKGROUND Endoglin is an angiogenic receptor expressed on proliferating tumor vessels and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) stem cells that is implicated as a mechanism of resistance to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors. This study evaluated an antiendoglin monoclonal antibody (carotuximab, TRC105) combined with axitinib in patients with advanced or metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC) who had progressed following one or more prior VEGF inhibitors. METHODS TRAXAR was a multicenter, international randomized 1:1 (stratified by ECOG, 0 vs. 1), phase II study of carotuximab combined with axitinib versus axitinib alone in mccRCC patients who had progressed following one or more prior VEGF inhibitors. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by independent central review (ICR) per RECIST 1.1 RESULTS: A total of 150 patients were randomized. The combination therapy resulted in shorter median PFS by RECIST 1.1 than axitinib monotherapy (6.7 vs. 11.4 months). The combination was tolerated similarly to axitinib monotherapy, and there were no treatment related deaths. Exploratory evaluation of pretreatment circulating biomarkers suggested the combination might benefit patients who have low baseline VEGF levels. CONCLUSION The combination of carotuximab with axitinib did not demonstrate additional efficacy over single agent axitinib in patients with mccRCC who progressed following one or more prior VEGF inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousef Zakharia
- University of Iowa, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Sumanta Pal
- City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Judit Kocsis
- Bács-Kiskun County Hospital, Oncoradiology Center, Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Russell Pachynski
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexandr Poprach
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew B Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North, Carolina, USA
| | - Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North, Carolina, USA
| | - Mark Starr
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North, Carolina, USA
| | - Jing Lyu
- Graduate Group in Biostatistics, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Kouros Owzar
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mollie deShazo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Primo Lara
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lajos Geczi
- Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thai H Ho
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Meghara Walsh
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bonne Adams
- TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Liz Robertson
- TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mohamed Darif
- TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Charles Theuer
- TRACON Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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15
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Endoglin in the Spotlight to Treat Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063186. [PMID: 33804796 PMCID: PMC8003971 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A spotlight has been shone on endoglin in recent years due to that fact of its potential to serve as both a reliable disease biomarker and a therapeutic target. Indeed, endoglin has now been assigned many roles in both physiological and pathological processes. From a molecular point of view, endoglin mainly acts as a co-receptor in the canonical TGFβ pathway, but also it may be shed and released from the membrane, giving rise to the soluble form, which also plays important roles in cell signaling. In cancer, in particular, endoglin may contribute to either an oncogenic or a non-oncogenic phenotype depending on the cell context. The fact that endoglin is expressed by neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment suggests new possibilities for targeted therapies. Here, we aimed to review and discuss the many roles played by endoglin in different tumor types, as well as the strong evidence provided by pre-clinical and clinical studies that supports the therapeutic targeting of endoglin as a novel clinical strategy.
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16
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Singh E, Phillips HM, Arthur HM. Dynamic changes in endoglin expression in the developing mouse heart. Gene Expr Patterns 2020; 39:119165. [PMID: 33373688 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2020.119165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endoglin (ENG) is essential for cardiovascular development and is expressed in the heart from its earliest developmental stages. ENG expression has been reported in the cardiac crescent, endocardium, valve mesenchyme and coronary vascular endothelial cells. However, its expression in these cell types is non-uniform and the dynamic changes in ENG expression during heart development have not been systematically studied. Using immunofluorescent staining we tracked ENG protein expression in mouse embryonic hearts aged from 11.5 to 17.5 days, and in postnatal and adult hearts. ENG is expressed in the endocardium and in venous endothelial cells throughout these developmental stages. ENG protein is down-regulated by approximately two-fold as a subset of early coronary veins reprogram to form arteries within the developing myocardium from E13.5. This two-fold higher ratio of ENG protein in veins versus arteries is maintained throughout cardiac development and in the adult heart. ENG is also down-regulated two-fold following mesenchymal transition of endocardial cells to form cardiac valve mesenchyme, whilst expression of the pan-endothelial marker CD31 is completely lost. A subset of epicardial cells (which do not express ENG protein) delaminate and undergo a similar mesenchymal transition to form epicardially derived cells (EPDCs). This transient intra-myocardial mesenchymal cell population expresses low levels of ENG protein, similar to valve mesenchyme. In conclusion, ENG shows dynamic changes of expression in vascular endothelial cells, endocardial cells and mesenchymal cells in the developing heart that vary according to cardiovascular cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Singh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - H M Phillips
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - H M Arthur
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, NE1 3BZ, UK.
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17
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Liu Y, Paauwe M, Nixon AB, Hawinkels LJ. Endoglin Targeting: Lessons Learned and Questions That Remain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010147. [PMID: 33375670 PMCID: PMC7795616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 30 years ago, endoglin was identified as a transforming growth factor (TGF)-β coreceptor with a crucial role in developmental biology and tumor angiogenesis. Its selectively high expression on tumor vessels and its correlation with poor survival in cancer patients led to the exploration of endoglin as a therapeutic target for cancer. The endoglin neutralizing antibody TRC105 (Carotuximab®, Tracon Pharmaceuticals (San Diego, CA, USA) was subsequently tested in a wide variety of preclinical cancer models before being tested in phase I-III clinical studies in cancer patients as both a monotherapy and in combination with other chemotherapeutic and anti-angiogenic therapies. The combined data of these studies have revealed new insights into the role of endoglin in angiogenesis and its expression and functional role on other cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we will summarize the preclinical work, clinical trials and biomarker studies of TRC105 and explore what these studies have enabled us to learn and what questions remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmiao Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.L.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Madelon Paauwe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrew B. Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (Y.L.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Lukas J.A.C. Hawinkels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-71-526-6736
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18
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Fang P, Zhou L, Lim LY, Fu H, Yuan ZX, Lin J. Targeting Strategies for Renal Cancer Stem Cell Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1964-1978. [PMID: 32188377 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200318153106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an intractable genitourinary malignancy that accounts for approximately 4% of adult malignancies. Currently, there is no approved targeted therapy for RCC that has yielded durable remissions, and they remain palliative in intent. Emerging evidence has indicated that renal tumorigenesis and RCC treatment-resistance may originate from renal cancer stem cells (CSCs) with tumor-initiating capacity (CSC hypothesis). A better understanding of the mechanism underlying renal CSCs will help to dissect RCC heterogeneity and drug treatment efficiency, to promote more personalized and targeted therapies. In this review, we summarized the stem cell characteristics of renal CSCs. We outlined the targeting strategies and challenges associated with developing therapies that target renal CSCs angiogenesis, immunosuppression, signaling pathways, surface biomarkers, microRNAs and nanomedicine. In conclusion, CSCs are an important role in renal carcinogenesis and represent a valid target for treatment of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengchao Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lee Y Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Perth, Australia
| | - Hualin Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits tumor angiogenesis: involvement of endoglin/Smad1 signaling in human umbilical vein endothelium cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Zarrabi K, Paroya A, Wu S. Emerging therapeutic agents for genitourinary cancers. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:89. [PMID: 31484560 PMCID: PMC6727406 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of genitourinary malignancies has dramatically evolved over recent years. Renal cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, and prostate adenocarcinoma are the most commonly encountered genitourinary malignancies and represent a heterogeneous population of cancers, in both histology and approach to treatment. However, all three cancers have undergone paradigm shifts in their respective therapeutic landscapes due to a greater understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms and oncogenic drivers. The advance that has gained the most recent traction has been the advent of immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors. Immunotherapy has increased overall survival and even provided durable responses in the metastatic setting in some patients. The early success of immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to further drug development with the emergence of novel agents which modulate the immune system within the tumor microenvironment. Notwithstanding immunotherapy, investigators are also developing novel agents tailored to a variety of targets including small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, and novel fusion proteins to name a few. Erdafitinib has become the first targeted therapy approved for metastatic bladder cancer. Moreover, the combination therapy of immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted agents such as pembrolizumab or avelumab with axitinib has demonstrated both safety and efficacy and just received FDA approval for their use. We are in an era of rapid progression in drug development with multiple exciting trials and ongoing pre-clinical studies. We highlight many of the promising new emerging therapies that will likely continue to improve outcomes in patients with genitourinary malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zarrabi
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, 9447 SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794-9447 USA
| | - Azzam Paroya
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, 9447 SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794-9447 USA
| | - Shenhong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, 9447 SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794-9447 USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY USA
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21
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Nunes T, Hamdan D, Leboeuf C, El Bouchtaoui M, Gapihan G, Nguyen TT, Meles S, Angeli E, Ratajczak P, Lu H, Di Benedetto M, Bousquet G, Janin A. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells to Overcome Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4036. [PMID: 30551640 PMCID: PMC6321478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers are heterogeneous at the cell level, and the mechanisms leading to cancer heterogeneity could be clonal evolution or cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are resistant to most anti-cancer treatments and could be preferential targets to reverse this resistance, either targeting stemness pathways or cancer stem cell surface markers. Gold nanoparticles have emerged as innovative tools, particularly for photo-thermal therapy since they can be excited by laser to induce hyperthermia. Gold nanoparticles can be functionalized with antibodies to specifically target cancer stem cells. Preclinical studies using photo-thermal therapy have demonstrated the feasibility of targeting chemo-resistant cancer cells to reverse clinical chemoresistance. Here, we review the data linking cancer stem cells and chemoresistance and discuss the way to target them to reverse resistance. We particularly focus on the use of functionalized gold nanoparticles in the treatment of chemo-resistant metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Nunes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
| | - Diaddin Hamdan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Hôpital de La Porte Verte, F-78004 Versailles, France.
| | - Christophe Leboeuf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
| | - Morad El Bouchtaoui
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
| | - Guillaume Gapihan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
| | - Thi Thuy Nguyen
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
| | - Solveig Meles
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
| | - Eurydice Angeli
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Ratajczak
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
| | - He Lu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
| | - Mélanie Di Benedetto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Université Paris 13, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | - Guilhem Bousquet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Université Paris 13, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France.
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, AP-HP-Hôpital Avicenne, F-93008 Bobigny, France.
| | - Anne Janin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Pathologie, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S1165, F-75010 Paris, France.
- Service de Pathologie, AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, F-75010 Paris, France.
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22
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Kasprzak A, Adamek A. Role of Endoglin (CD105) in the Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Anti-Angiogenic Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3887. [PMID: 30563158 PMCID: PMC6321450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is perfused by both arterial and venous blood, with a resulting abnormal microenvironment selecting for more-aggressive malignancies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer, the sixth most common cancer globally, and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. HCC is characterized by its hypervascularization. Improving the efficiency of anti-angiogenic treatment and mitigation of anti-angiogenic drug resistance are the top priorities in the development of non-surgical HCC therapies. Endoglin (CD105), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is one of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) co-receptors. Involvement of that protein in angiogenesis of solid tumours is well documented. Endoglin is a marker of activated endothelial cells (ECs), and is preferentially expressed in the angiogenic endothelium of solid tumours, including HCC. HCC is associated with changes in CD105-positive ECs within and around the tumour. The large spectrum of endoglin effects in the liver is cell-type- and HCC- stage-specific. High expression of endoglin in non-tumour tissue suggests that this microenvironment might play an especially important role in the progression of HCC. Evaluation of tissue expression, as well as serum concentrations of this glycoprotein in HCC, tends to confirm its role as an important biomarker in HCC diagnosis and prognosis. The role of endoglin in liver fibrosis and HCC progression also makes it an attractive therapeutic target. Despite these facts, the exact molecular mechanisms of endoglin functioning in hepatocarcinogenesis are still poorly understood. This review summarizes the current data concerning the role and signalling pathways of endoglin in hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression, and provides an overview of the strategies available for a specific targeting of CD105 in anti-angiogenic therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldona Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 60-781, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Adamek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hepatology and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, University of Medical Sciences, Poznań 61-285, Poland.
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23
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Hahn AW, Pal SK, Agarwal N. Targeting Endoglin to Treat Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Lessons from Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome. Oncologist 2018; 24:143-145. [PMID: 30139834 PMCID: PMC6369955 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2018-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This commentary reviews the novel mechanism of action of TRC105 in the context of treatments currently available for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, highlighting the recent findings of Choueiri and colleagues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Hahn
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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24
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Dorff TB, Longmate JA, Pal SK, Stadler WM, Fishman MN, Vaishampayan UN, Rao A, Pinksi JK, Hu JS, Quinn DI, Lara PN. Bevacizumab alone or in combination with TRC105 for patients with refractory metastatic renal cell cancer. Cancer 2017; 123:4566-4573. [PMID: 28832978 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway has improved outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, resistance inevitably occurs. CD105 (endoglin) is an angiogenic pathway that is strongly upregulated after VEGF inhibition, potentially contributing to resistance. The authors tested whether TRC105, a monoclonal antibody against endoglin, impacted disease control in patients with previously treated RCC who were receiving bevacizumab. METHODS Eligible patients with metastatic RCC who had previously received 1 to 4 prior lines of therapy, including VEGF-targeted agents, were randomized 1:1 to receive bevacizumab 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks (arm A) or the same plus TRC105 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks (arm B). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 and 24 weeks. Correlative studies included serum transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and CD105 levels as well as tissue immunostaining for TGFβ receptors. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients were enrolled (28 on arm A and 31 on arm B), and 1 patient on each arm had a confirmed partial response. The median PFS for bevacizumab alone was 4.6 months compared with 2.8 for bevacizumab plus TRC105 (P = .09). Grade ≥ 3 toxicities occurred in 16 patients (57%) who received bevacizumab compared with 19 (61%) who received bevacizumab plus TRC105 (P = .9). Baseline serum TGFβ levels below the median (<10.6 ng/mL) were associated with longer median PFS (5.6 vs 2.1 months; P = .014). CONCLUSIONS TRC105 failed to improve PFS when added to bevacizumab. TGFβ warrants further study as a biomarker in RCC. Cancer 2017;123:4566-4573. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya B Dorff
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jeff A Longmate
- Department of Biostatistics, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Sumanta K Pal
- Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Walter M Stadler
- Hematology/Oncology Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mayer N Fishman
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ulka N Vaishampayan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amol Rao
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jacek K Pinksi
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - James S Hu
- University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - David I Quinn
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Primo N Lara
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
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