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Abdel-Alim GA, Aly SM, Khattab MS, Badawy AM, Naguib MG, Abdelhamid TM, Hussein HA, Morsy EA. Adenovirus type D and type E infection in broiler chickens: the effect on CD4 and CD8 T cell response, cytokines expression and their immunopathology. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:688-696. [PMID: 37610326 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2248586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
1. A total of 150-day-old chicks were divided into three groups of 50 birds (G1-G3); G1 and G2 were orally inoculated at 1-day old with 0.5 ml of 107 TCID50/ml FAdV-D serotype 2 (MT386509.1) and FAdV-E serotype 8a (MW847902), respectively, and G3 was blank control group.2. Cell-mediated immune response was evaluated by detection of CD4, CD8 T lymphocytes and the mRNA expression of IL6 and IL8 in the chicken spleen using q-PCR. Additionally, immunopathology was performed at 3, 5 and 7 day post infection (dpi) and weekly until the end of the experiment.3. Results revealed that transcription of inflammatory cytokines (IL6, IL8) was up regulated in the spleen of FAdV type D and type E infected chickens at various time points relative to the control group. A marked decrease in the number of CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes at 5 and 7 dpi in G1 of chickens infected with FAdV type D. Whereas, in chickens infected with FAdV type E, the CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes were markedly decreased at 7 dpi.4. In contrast, there were no significant differences in humoral immune responses against NDV vaccine in (G1 and G2) at different intervals post-vaccination compared to the control group. The histopathology of the bursa, thymus, and spleen in the infected groups showed lymphocytolysis with severe reticular cells hyperplasia and lymphoid depletion.5. In conclusion, fowl adenovirus types D and E have an immunosuppressive effect in broilers which may be considered one of the main causes of the continuous co-infections with other viruses reported in the field during the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Abdel-Alim
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S M Aly
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - M S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Badawy
- Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - M G Naguib
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - T M Abdelhamid
- Department of Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - H A Hussein
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - E A Morsy
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Gong M, Wang Y, Liu S, Li B, Du E, Gao Y. Rapid Construction of an Infectious Clone of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Isolate. Viruses 2023; 15:1657. [PMID: 37632000 PMCID: PMC10459658 DOI: 10.3390/v15081657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors possess a good safety profile, an extensive genome, a range of host cells, high viral yield, and the ability to elicit broad humoral and cellular immune responses. Adenovirus vectors are widely used in infectious disease research for future vaccine development and gene therapy. In this study, we obtained a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) isolate from sick chickens with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) and conducted animal regression text to clarify biological pathology. We amplified the transfer vector and extracted viral genomic DNA from infected LMH cells, then recombined the mixtures via the Gibson assembly method in vitro and electroporated them into EZ10 competent cells to construct the FAdV-4 infectious clone. The infectious clones were successfully rescued in LMH cells within 15 days of transfection. The typical cytopathic effect (CPE) and propagation titer of FAdV-4 infectious clones were also similar to those for wild-type FAdV-4. To further construct the single-cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vector, we constructed SC-Ad vectors by deleting the gene for IIIa capsid cement protein. The FAdV4 infectious clone vector was introduced into the ccdB cm expression cassette to replace the IIIa gene using a λ-red homologous recombination technique, and then the ccdB cm expression cassette was excised by PmeI digestion and self-ligation to obtain the resulting plasmids as SC-Ad vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Yating Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Shijia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Boshuo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
| | - Enqi Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
- Yangling Carey Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yupeng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (M.G.); (Y.W.); (S.L.); (B.L.)
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3
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El-Shall NA, El-Hamid HSA, Elkady MF, Ellakany HF, Elbestawy AR, Gado AR, Geneedy AM, Hasan ME, Jaremko M, Selim S, El-Tarabily KA, El-Hack MEA. Epidemiology, pathology, prevention, and control strategies of inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in poultry: A comprehensive review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:963199. [PMID: 36304412 PMCID: PMC9592805 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.963199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) can result in a number of syndromes in the production of chicken, including inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), and others, causing enormous economic losses around the globe. FAdVs are divided into 12 serotypes and five species (A-E; 1-8a and 8b-11). Most avian species are prone to infection due to the widespread distribution of FAdV strains. The genus aviadenovirus, which is a member of the adenoviridae family, is responsible for both IBH and HHS. The most popular types of transmission are mechanical, vertical, and horizontal. Hepatitis with basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies distinguishes IBH, but the buildup of translucent or straw-colored fluid in the pericardial sac distinguishes HHS. IBH and HHS require a confirmatory diagnosis because their clinical symptoms and postmortem abnormalities are not unique to those conditions. Under a microscope, the presence of particular lesions and inclusion bodies may provide clues. Traditional virus isolation in avian tissue culture is more delicate than in avian embryonated eggs. Additionally, aviadenovirus may now be quickly and precisely detected using molecular diagnostic tools. Preventive techniques should rely on efficient biosecurity controls and immunize breeders prior to production in order to protect progeny. This current review gives a general overview of the current local and global scenario of IBH, and HHS brought on by FAdVs and covers both their issues and preventative vaccination methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahed A. El-Shall
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Magdy F. Elkady
- Poultry Disease Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hany F. Ellakany
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. Gado
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amr M. Geneedy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E. Hasan
- Bioinformatic Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, El Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
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4
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Xie Z, Zhang J, Sun M, Zeng Q, Huang Y, Dong J, Li L, Huang S, Liao M. The first complete genome sequence and pathogenicity characterization of fowl adenovirus serotype 2 with inclusion body hepatitis and hydropericardium in China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:951554. [PMID: 36072393 PMCID: PMC9443503 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.951554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has been frequently reported worldwide, causing serious economic losses to the poultry industry. In this study, a FAdV-2, namely GX01, was isolated from liver samples of chickens with hepatitis and hydropericardium in Guangxi Province, China. The complete genome sequence of GX01 was determined about 43,663 base pairs (bp) with 53% G+C content. To our knowledge, this is the first FAdV-2 complete genome in China. There was a deleting fragment in ORF25 gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon loop-1 gene showed that GX01 is most closely related to FAdV-2 strain 685. Pathogenicity experiment of GX01 in 3-day-old and 10-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens showed that although no mortality was observed within 21 days post infection (dpi), strain GX01 significantly inhibited weight gain of infected chickens. Moreover, FAdV-2 was still detectable in the anal swabs of infected chickens at 21 dpi. Necropsy analysis showed that the main lesions were observed in liver, heart, and spleen. Of note, hepatitis and hydropericardium were observed in the infected chickens. In addition, massive necrosis of lymphocyte was observed in spleen of infected 3-days-old chickens. We concluded that FAdV-2 strain GX01 is capable of causing hepatitis and hydropericardium, which will make serious impact on the growth of chickens. Our research lays a foundation to investigate the molecular epidemiology and etiology of FAdV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Junqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Sun
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghang Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhen Huang
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Dong
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujian Huang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Shujian Huang
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza and Other Major Poultry Diseases, Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Ming Liao
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5
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Lebdah M, Alshaya DS, Jalal AS, Mousa MR, Radwan MM, Samir M, Adel A, Albaqami NM, El-Saadony MT, El-Tarabily KA, El basrey YF. Molecular characterization of aviadenovirus serotypes and pathogenicity of the identified adenovirus in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101918. [PMID: 36209666 PMCID: PMC9551142 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically significant viral disease that primarily affects broiler chickens. At least 12 different aviadenovirus serotypes are responsible for causing IBH. This study aimed to use polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and phylogenetic analysis to characterize fowl adenovirus isolates that were in circulation from 2019 to 2021 and investigate the pathogenicity of the isolated strains in commercial broiler chickens. Suspected liver samples were molecularly identified using hexon gene targeting by PCR, and viruses were isolated using chick embryo liver cell culture. For serotype identification, the fowl adenovirus-positive samples were subjected to hexon gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The pathogenicity of two isolates was tested in commercial chickens via the oral route. The phylogenetic analysis of the hexon gene showed that the isolated viruses clustered with serotype 8a species E. On testing the pathogenicity of the isolates based on necropsy and histopathological examination, no mortality was observed; however, lesions were observed in the liver, kidney, heart, pancreas, bursa, and lung specimens with intermittent virus shedding at different time points throughout the experimental period. Further research on the likelihood of vaccine production is warranted to limit disease-related losses.
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6
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Ishag HZA, Terab AMA, El Tigani-Asil ETA, Bensalah OK, Khalil NAH, Khalafalla AI, Al Hammadi ZMAH, Shah AAM, Al Muhairi SSM. Pathology and Molecular Epidemiology of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 Outbreaks in Broiler Chicken in Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040154. [PMID: 35448652 PMCID: PMC9032256 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), causing inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HPS), is responsible for the significant economic losses in poultry industry worldwide. This study describes FAdV disease and molecular characteristics of the virus as the first report in UAE. METHODOLOGY Clinical, necropsy, histopathology, qPCR and phylogenetic analysis of hexon gene were used to diagnose and characterize the virus. RESULTS The age of the infected broiler chicken was 2-4 weeks. The morbidity and mortality rates ranged between 50 and 100% and 44 and 100%, respectively. Clinically, sudden onset, diarrhea, anemia and general weakness were recorded. At necropsy, acute necrotic hepatitis, with swollen, yellowish discoloration, enlarged and friable liver; hydropericarditis with hydropericardium effusions; and enlarged mottled spleen were observed. Histopathology examination revealed degeneration and necrosis, lymphocytic infiltration and inclusion bodies. The qPCR analysis detected the virus in all samples tested. Hexon gene sequence analysis identified FAdV serotype 4, species C as the major cause of FAdV infections in UAE in 2020, and this strain was closely related to FAdV-4 circulating in Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Nepal and China. CONCLUSION The serotype 4, species C, was the common FAdV strain causing IBH and HPS episodes in the region. This result may help design effective vaccination programs that rely on field serotypes.
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Species Fowl aviadenovirus B Consists of a Single Serotype despite Genetic Distance of FAdV-5 Isolates. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020248. [PMID: 35215844 PMCID: PMC8880664 DOI: 10.3390/v14020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are infectious agents, mainly of chickens, which cause economic losses to the poultry industry. Only a single serotype, namely FAdV-5, constitutes the species Fowl aviadenovirus B (FAdV-B); however, recently, phylogenetic analyses have identified divergent strains of the species, implicating a more complex scenario and possibly a novel serotype. Therefore, field isolates of the species were collected to investigate the contemporary diversification within FAdV-B, including traditional serotyping. Full genomes of fourteen FAdV-B strains were sequenced and four strains, possessing discriminatory mutations in the antigenic domains, were compared using virus cross-neutralization. Essentially, strains with identical antigenic signatures to that of the first described divergent strain were found in the complete new dataset. While chicken antiserum against FAdV-5 reference strain 340 could not neutralize any of the newly isolated viruses, low homologous/heterologous titer ratios were measured reciprocally. Although they argue against a new serotype, our results indicate the emergence of escape variants in FAdV-B. Charge-influencing amino acid substitutions accounted for only a few mutations between the strains; still, these enabled one-way cross-neutralization only. These findings underline the continued merit of the cross-neutralization test as the gold standard for serotyping, complementary to advancing sequence data, and provide a snapshot of the actual diversity and evolution of species FAdV-B.
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8
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Mo J. Historical Investigation of Fowl Adenovirus Outbreaks in South Korea from 2007 to 2021: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2021; 13:2256. [PMID: 34835062 PMCID: PMC8621494 DOI: 10.3390/v13112256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) have long been recognized as critical viral pathogens within the poultry industry, associated with severe economic implications worldwide. This specific group of viruses is responsible for a broad spectrum of diseases in birds, and an increasing occurrence of outbreaks was observed in the last ten years. Since their first discovery forty years ago in South Korea, twelve antigenically distinct serotypes of fowl adenoviruses have been described. This comprehensive review covers the history of fowl adenovirus outbreaks in South Korea and updates the current epidemiological landscape of serotype diversity and replacement as well as challenges in developing effective broadly protective vaccines. In addition, transitions in the prevalence of dominant fowl adenovirus serotypes from 2007 to 2021, alongside the history of intervention strategies, are brought into focus. Finally, future aspects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseo Mo
- US National Poultry Research Center, Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 934 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605, USA
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9
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Molecular typing and pathogenicity assessment of fowl adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis in chicken from India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:412. [PMID: 34308515 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) outbreaks have been increasingly reported in different regions of India, particularly in broiler flocks. The present study was undertaken to characterize fowl adenovirus associated with IBH in chicken and assessment of its pathogenicity. Liver samples were collected from fowl adenovirus (FAdV) suspected 100 commercial broiler and six broiler breeder flocks from eleven different States of India from 2016 to 2019. All the samples were subjected to 897-bp FAdV hexon gene-specific PCR for confirmation and primary chicken liver cells were used to isolate the field FAdVs. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 897-bp FAdV hexon gene revealed that all the isolates have showed close evolutionary relationship with fowl adenovirus serotype 11 of species D. For pathogenicity assessment, 0.5 ml of 106.5 TCID50/ml of field FAdV serotype 11 isolate was orally inoculated in 1-day-old SPF chicks and observed for 21 days. This experimental study revealed that there was no mortality in infected chicks and showed clinical signs of dullness, depression and diarrhoea between third and fifth day of oral inoculation. The FAdV was reisolated and confirmed by PCR from experimentally infected chicken. Based on this study, among all serotypes, FAdV serotype 11 is involved in pathogenesis of inclusion body hepatitis in broiler-type chickens in India.
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10
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Yuan F, Song H, Hou L, Wei L, Zhu S, Quan R, Wang J, Wang D, Jiang H, Liu H, Liu J. Age-dependence of hypervirulent fowl adenovirus type 4 pathogenicity in specific-pathogen-free chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101238. [PMID: 34157559 PMCID: PMC8237352 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (hvFAdV-4) has emerged as a major pathogen of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) with increased mortality in chickens, resulting in economic losses to the Chinese poultry industry since June 2015. Here, we isolated a hypervirulent FAdV-4 (hvFAdV-4) strain (designated GD616) from 25-day-old meat-type chickens with severe HHS in Guangdong Province China in June 2017. The whole genome of the strain GD616 shares high homology with those in the recently-reported hvFAdV-4 isolates in China, with natural deletions of ORF19 and ORF27. A comparative analysis of Hexon and Fiber-2 proteins revealed that 2 unique amino acid residues at positions 378 and 453 of the Fiber-2 protein might be associated with virulence due to their occurrences in all the hvFAdV-4 isolates only. To systemically evaluate the effect of age on the susceptibility of chickens to hvFAdV-4, we used this hvFAdV-4 strain to intramuscularly inoculate 7- to 180-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens for the evaluation of pathogenicity. These results showed that the pathogenicity of the hvFAdV-4 strain GD616 to chickens exhibited age-relatedness, with younger than 59-day-old chickens showing 100% morbidity and mortality, while 180-day-old chickens still exhibited a hydropericardium syndrome-like clinicopathology with 60% morbidity and 20% mortality. These findings enrich the current available knowledge regarding the pathogenicity of the hypervirulent FAdV-4 virus in chickens with a wide range of ages, which assists with the selection of suitable-aged chickens for the evaluation of hvFAdV-4 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yuan
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Hou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Li Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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11
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Sabarudin NS, Tan SW, Phang YF, Omar AR. Molecular characterization of Malaysian fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype 8b species E and pathogenicity of the virus in specific-pathogen-free chicken. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e42. [PMID: 34313038 PMCID: PMC8318787 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically important viral disease primarily affecting broiler and breeder chickens. All 12 serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) can cause IBH. Objectives To characterize FAdV isolates based on phylogenetic analysis, and to study the pathogenicity of FAdV-8b in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens following virus inoculation via oral and intramuscular (IM) routes. Methods Suspected organ samples were subjected to virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for FAdV detection. Hexon gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed on FAdV-positive samples for serotype identification. One FAdV-8b isolate, UPM/FAdV/420/2017, was selected for fiber gene characterization and pathogenicity study and was inoculated in SPF chickens via oral and IM routes. Results The hexon gene phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates belonged to FAdV-8b. The fiber gene-based phylogenetic analysis of isolate UPM/FAdV/420/2017 supported the grouping of that isolate into FAdV species E. Pathogenicity study revealed that, chickens infected with UPM/FAdV/420/2017 via the IM route had higher clinical score values, higher percent mortality, higher degree of the liver lesions, higher antibody response (p < 0.05), and higher virus shedding amounts (p < 0.05) than those infected via the oral route. The highest virus copy numbers were detected in liver and gizzard. Conclusions FAdV-8b is the dominant FAdV serotype in Malaysia, and pathogenicity study of the FAdV-8b isolate UPM/FAdV/420/2017 indicated its ability to induce IBH in young SPF chickens when infected via oral or IM routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syazana Sabarudin
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheau Wei Tan
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuen Fun Phang
- Regional Operating Unit South East Asia and South Korea, Boehringer Ingelheim Singapore Pte Ltd, 199555 Singapore
| | - Abdul Rahman Omar
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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12
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Development and application of a novel ELISA for detecting antibodies against group I fowl adenoviruses. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:853-859. [PMID: 31836910 PMCID: PMC7223807 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Since 2015, outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) caused by a novel genotype of fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) infection have created serious economic losses in China. Given that other serotypes of hypervirulent FAdVs have also been reported in poultry around the world, a common ELISA for all serotypes within the group I fowl adenoviruses (FAdV-I) is urgently needed, especially for clinical epidemic serotypes. In this study, we used high purity and concentration virions of FAdV-4 and developed a common ELISA for detecting antibodies against 12 FAdV-I serotypes. The developed ELISA was able to distinguish between antibodies against FAdV-I, FAdV-III, and other heterologous viruses without any cross-reaction. Furthermore, the ELISA showed higher sensitivity than the FAdV-1-based ELISA to the novel FAdV-4 found in China. Moreover, since there are no commercial vaccines against FAdVs in China, the ELISA was applied to detect sera samples from specific pathogen-free chickens inoculated with inactivated FAdV-1, FAdV-4, and FAdV-8a. The assay showed high sensitivities for all three detected serotypes within FAdV-I. In conclusion, a novel, common ELISA for FAdV-I was developed in this study and could be a powerful tool for seroepidemiological investigations and FAdVs vaccine development.
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13
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Isolation and Characterization of A Novel Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 8a Strain from China. Virol Sin 2019; 35:517-527. [PMID: 31792739 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2012, the clinical cases of inclusion body hepatitis showed an increasing trend in China, causing considerable economic losses to the poultry industry. In this study, a fowl adenovirus strain CH/GDLZ/201801 was isolated from a chicken flock experiencing inclusion body hepatitis and analyzed by complete genome sequencing. The pathogenicity of the new virus strain was examined by experimental infection of specific pathogen free chickens. The isolate was identified by immunofluorescence and the virions presented typical icosahedral particles under transmission electron microscopy. The full genome of the isolate was 44,329 nucleotides in length with 58% G+C content. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the whole genome, revealed that the new isolate was closest to serotype 8a from the species Fowl aviadenovirus E (FAdV-E). Recombination analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that the new isolate is a recombinant strain between FAdV-8a and FAdV-8b. In infection experiments, three infected chickens showed clinical signs and one chicken died on day 7 post infection, corresponding to 5% mortality. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the liver were observed, and viral antigen could be detected in the livers by immunohistochemical staining and TEM. Taken together, our study describes the genomic characteristics and pathogenicity of a FAdV-8a strain in China. It would lay a solid foundation for further study of the pathogenic mechanism and vaccine development of the virus.
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14
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Şahindokuyucu İ, Çöven F, Kılıç H, Yılmaz Ö, Kars M, Yazıcıoğlu Ö, Ertunç E, Yazıcı Z. First report of fowl aviadenovirus serotypes FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 associated with inclusion body hepatitis in commercial broiler and broiler-breeder flocks in Turkey. Arch Virol 2019; 165:43-51. [PMID: 31676996 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), hydropericardium syndrome (HS), and gizzard erosion (GE) are all economically important diseases in the poultry industry worldwide and are all caused by fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV). It is important to identify the serotype of the virus to differentiate these diseases. In the present study, a total of six recent FAdV serotypes were isolated and identified in broiler and broiler-breeder flocks in Izmir, Manisa, and Aydın provinces of the Aegean region of Turkey between January and March 2019. The viruses were isolated from livers and pooled organs of chickens using primary chicken embryo kidney cell cultures (CEKC). Virus isolates were identified by PCR amplification of the loop 1 (L1) variable region of the hexon gene followed by Sanger sequencing. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of both FAdV-D (serotype 11) and FAdV-E (serotype 8b). The viruses that were isolated were associated with IBH, which is typically characterized by gross lesions such as enlarged and pale yellow liver with multiple petechial hemorrhages. Histopathological examination also showed necrotizing hepatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies in hepatocytes. This study is the first report of the isolation and identification of FAdV serotypes associated with IBH in commercial broilers and broiler-breeder flocks in Turkey. The results of sequence analysis showed that FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 were the circulating serotypes that caused recent field outbreaks of IBH in the Aegean region between January and March, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fethiye Çöven
- İzmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hamza Kılıç
- İzmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özge Yılmaz
- İzmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kars
- İzmir/Bornova Veterinary Control Institute, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Zafer Yazıcı
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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15
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Jiang Z, Liu M, Wang C, Zhou X, Li F, Song J, Pu J, Sun Y, Wang M, Shahid M, Wei F, Sun H. Characterization of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 circulating in chickens in China. Vet Microbiol 2019; 238:108427. [PMID: 31648724 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Outbreaks of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has resulted in huge economic losses in poultry industry in China since 2015. This study detected the pathogens from diseased chickens and determined that fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) and co-infection of immunosuppressive pathogens were the causes of the outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis results indicated that these pandemic strains originated from previously FAdV-4 predecessor in China and had obtain gene mutations that might contribute to enhanced pathogenicity of these strains. Compared with early strains, the pathogenicity of novel FAdV-4 strains significantly increased, which led to systemic infections and injuries to multiple organs in the infected chickens. Our study could provide useful information for understanding of the FAdV-4 and favorable theory basis for clinical prevention and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Mengda Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Fangtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Jingwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Fanhua Wei
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, China
| | - Honglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100094, China.
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16
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Wang Z, Zhao J. Pathogenesis of Hypervirulent Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4: The Contributions of Viral and Host Factors. Viruses 2019; 11:E741. [PMID: 31408986 PMCID: PMC6723092 DOI: 10.3390/v11080741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, severe outbreaks of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), caused by hypervirulent fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), have emerged in several provinces in China, posing a great threat to poultry industry. So far, factors contributing to the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 have not been fully uncovered. Elucidation of the pathogenesis of FAdV-4 will facilitate the development of effective FAdV-4 vaccine candidates for the control of HHS and vaccine vector. The interaction between pathogen and host defense system determines the pathogenicity of the pathogen. Therefore, the present review highlights the knowledge of both viral and host factors contributing to the pathogenesis of hypervirulent FAdV-4 strains to facilitate the related further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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17
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Chen L, Yin L, Zhou Q, Peng P, Du Y, Liu L, Zhang Y, Xue C, Cao Y. Epidemiological investigation of fowl adenovirus infections in poultry in China during 2015-2018. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:271. [PMID: 31370846 PMCID: PMC6676587 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) are associated with many diseases, resulting in huge economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Since 2015, outbreaks of FAdV infections with high mortality rates have been reported in China. A continued surveillance of FAdVs contributes to understand the epidemiology of the viruses. Results We isolated 155 FAdV strains from diseased chickens from poultry in China between 2015 and 2018. PCR analysis determined that 123 samples were FAdV species C, 27 were FAdV species E, and five contained two different FAdV strains. The phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that these sequences of hexon regions were clustered into three distinct serotypes: FAdV-4 (79.4%, 123/155), FAdV-8a (13.5%, 21/155) and FAdV-8b (3.9%, 6/155), of which FAdV-4 was the dominant serotype in China. Conclusions The characterization of newly prevalent FAdV strains provides valuable information for the development of an effective control strategy for FAdV infections in chickens. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-019-1969-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhou
- Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd, Yunfu, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunping Du
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co., Ltd, Yunfu, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Wei Z, Liu H, Diao Y, Li X, Zhang S, Gao B, Tang Y, Hu J, Diao Y. Pathogenicity of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) serotype 4 strain SDJN in Taizhou geese. Avian Pathol 2019; 48:477-485. [PMID: 31155930 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1625305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) is a fatal disease in chickens, mainly caused by fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4). Since June 2015, HHS has appeared in many provinces in China. The disease has spread from broilers to laying hens, breeders and Cherry Valley ducks, seriously endangering the health of the poultry industry in China. In July 2016, an infectious disease was noticed in a goose farm in Jinan, Shandong Province, China, and hydropericardium was the main finding in post mortem investigations. In the actual study, we isolated a FAdV-4 strain from the livers of naturally-infected goslings and designated it as SDJN. We first evaluated its pathogenicity by inoculating Taizhou geese at 10, 20, and 30 days of age with 10-7.15EID50/0.2 ml doses of the SDJN strain in 1 ml allantoic fluid via subcutaneous injection or oral infection. Clinical signs and pericardial effusion appeared in geese infected subcutaneously at 10 days of age, whereas 20- and 30-day-old geese were not susceptible to FAdV-4. The results of real-time PCR showed that the replication ability of FAdV-4 in geese correlated with the age. Furthermore, results from clinical chemistry showed that FAdV-4 damaged the liver and kidney in geese and the results paralleled viral load and gross lesions. Consequently, FAdV-4 was pathogenic in geese, and the pathogenicity was related to age and mode of infection. This study is the first experimental infection of FAdV-4 in geese, which will provide a basis for further understanding of the disease. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Pathogenicity tests with a FAdV-4 were conducted in geese, which included data on clinical signs, gross pathology, histopathology, clinical chemistry and viral load. FAdV-4 could replicate in geese and HHS was successfully induced. Pathogenicity of FAdV-4 in geese was related to the age and routes of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China
| | - He Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Youjiang Diao
- Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University , Shandong , People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingdong Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China
| | - Youxiang Diao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University , Tai'an , People's Republic of China
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19
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Steer-Cope P, Sandy J, O'Rourke D, Scott P, Browning G, Noormohammadi A. Chronologic Analysis of Gross and Histologic Lesions Induced by Field Strains of FAdV-1, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 in Six-Week-Old Chickens. Avian Dis 2019; 61:512-519. [PMID: 29337616 DOI: 10.1637/11718-072317-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is a disease affecting broiler chicken flocks worldwide. Several serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) have been implicated in disease outbreaks, with and without immunosuppression as a predisposing factor. IBH usually occurs in flocks up to 30 days of age; it is seldom seen in older birds. The objective of this study was to determine whether the pathogenicity for older birds of three FAdV field strains, belonging to serotypes 1, 8b, and 11, in the absence of immunosuppressive factors, was akin to that for younger birds, and to establish an effective and economical disease model for assessing cross-protection between serotypes. To achieve this objective, the gross pathology, histopathology, and dissemination of virus were examined at multiple time points after inoculation of 6-wk-old, specific-pathogen-free chickens via intraperitoneal injection. Both FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 generated lesions typical of those associated with outbreaks of IBH, and they were shown to be primary pathogens. The presence and severity of hepatic lesions were used to define two disease stages: degeneration (1-5 days postinoculation) and convalescence (6-14 days postinoculation). During the degenerative stage, FAdV-8b was detected in the liver, kidney, and gizzard of most birds, whereas FAdV-11 was predominantly detected in the liver, and both viruses persisted in the gizzard into convalescence. The pathogenesis of two IBH-associated FAdV strains in 6-wk-old chickens confirms their high level of virulence and also provides an effective experimental model for investigation of cross-protection between FAdVs. It also demonstrates persistence of the virus in the gizzard long after infection, supporting the notion that it is a site of viral shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Steer-Cope
- A Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia.,B Poultry CRC, P.O. Box U242, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Jeanine Sandy
- A Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Denise O'Rourke
- A Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Peter Scott
- A Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Glenn Browning
- A Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Amir Noormohammadi
- A Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
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20
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Kaján GL, Affranio I, Tóthné Bistyák A, Kecskeméti S, Benkő M. An emerging new fowl adenovirus genotype. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01732. [PMID: 31193583 PMCID: PMC6536733 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we examined the diversity of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) types occurring in Hungary. From diseased chicken flocks in Eastern Hungary, 29 FAdV strains were isolated between 2011 and 2015. We performed molecular typing of the isolates based on their partial hexon sequences. The results showed that representatives from every FAdV species from A to E are present in Hungary, but compared to the findings from our previous survey, a lower number of different FAdV types were detected. Inclusion body hepatitis was always associated with FAdV-2 or -8b, gizzard erosion was caused in almost every case by FAdV-1. Numerous strains belonging to species FAdV-B were found. The complete genome sequence of a candidate new genotype strain, showing the highest divergence from the reference FAdV-5, was determined using next generation sequencing. In order to provide results compatible with the serology-based type classification, multiple genomic regions, including the major antigenic determinants, of the new isolate (strain 40440-M/2015) were compared to their counterparts in the prototype FAdV-5 (strain 340) from species FAdV-B, at both nucleotide and amino acid sequence levels. In different comparative analyses, the two strains were always found to have larger divergence between each other than any two of the most closely related FAdV serotypes. This new emerging FAdV genotype is already present in Hungary and Austria, though its exact pathological role requires further investigations. The introduction of a novel FAdV (geno)type for the classification of these strains is further supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Győző L Kaján
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilaria Affranio
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Tóthné Bistyák
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Bornemissza u. 3-7, H-4031, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Kecskeméti
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Bornemissza u. 3-7, H-4031, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mária Benkő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungária krt. 21, H-1143, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Wang J, Wang S, Zou K, Zhang Y, Xu S, Yin Y. Variant Serotypes of Fowl Adenovirus Isolated from Commercial Poultry Between 2007 and 2017 in Some Regions of China. Avian Dis 2018; 62:171-176. [DOI: 10.1637/11794-010618-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shouchun Wang
- Animal Diagnostic Center of the Qingdao Oland-Better Biotechnical Company, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Kaiyu Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, 266032, China
| | - Shouzhen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanbo Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
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Enteric Virus Diversity Examined by Molecular Methods in Brazilian Poultry Flocks. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5020038. [PMID: 29596389 PMCID: PMC6024555 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses play an important role in the Brazilian poultry industry due to the economic impact of resulting low yields of broilers, layers, and breeders. The most common enteric viruses affecting commercial flocks in Brazil include Fowl Adenovirus of group I (FAdV-I), Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV), Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV), Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Avian Reovirus (AReo), and Avian Rotavirus (ARtV). The aim of this study was to identify single and multiple infections using data obtained from 270 samples from eleven Brazilian states, corresponding to the period between 2010 and 2017. This was accompanied by an analysis of the relationship between the age of birds, clinical signs, and geographical distribution, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) techniques. Twenty-five profiles of virus combinations were detected. Single infections were encountered in 86.3% of samples, and multiple infections were present in the remaining 13.7%. Both single and multiple infections affected all kinds of commercial chickens with digestive problems, stunting syndrome, decreases in egg and meat production, increased mortality, and respiratory signs. FAdV-I, ChPV, CAstV, ANV, and ARtV were mostly detected in young broilers, in contrast with IBV, which was detected in hens from one to greater than 51 weeks of age. These results exhibit the complexity of enteric diseases and the still poorly understood role of each pathogen as a unique etiological agent.
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De la Torre D, Nuñez LFN, Santander Parra SH, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Molecular characterization of fowl adenovirus group I in commercial broiler chickens in Brazil. Virusdisease 2018; 29:83-88. [PMID: 29607363 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian adenovirus has been reported in many countries and is an infectious agent related with inclusion body hepatitis, hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), and respiratory and enteric conditions in chickens worldwide. The objective of this study was to detect and establish the molecular sequences of the hexon gene from the avian adenovirus strains of group I (FAdV-I) isolated from birds with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), malabsorption syndrome and runting-stunting syndrome, to characterize the serotype of virus affecting commercial flocks in Brazil. Molecular characterization was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using specific primers to amplify the Loop 1 (L1) variable region of the hexon gene in the FAdV-I genome and subsequent sequencing of the PCR product for each positive sample. The results have revealed the presence of the FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 serotypes circulating in Brazilian chicken flocks. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these sequences into three (3) distinct groups, 14 samples were aligned with the FAdV-11 group, three (3) samples in the FAdV-8b group and one (1) sample in the FAdV-8a group. The serotypes FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 are circulating in Brazilian chicken flocks. Therefore, these results are very important for improvement biosecurity measurements and vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De la Torre
- 1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis F N Nuñez
- 1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- 1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
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Matos M, Dublecz K, Grafl B, Liebhart D, Hess M. Pancreatitis Is an Important Feature of Broilers Suffering from Inclusion Body Hepatitis Leading to Dysmetabolic Conditions with Consequences for Zootechnical Performance. Avian Dis 2017; 62:57-64. [DOI: 10.1637/11755-092717-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Matos
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Károly Dublecz
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Deak F. u. 16, H-8360 Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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Isolation and molecular characterization of prevalent Fowl adenovirus strains in southwestern China during 2015-2016 for the development of a control strategy. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e103. [PMID: 29184155 PMCID: PMC5717092 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has caused significant losses in chicken flocks throughout China in recent years. However, the current understanding of the genetic and pathogenic characteristics of the FAdV epidemic in southwestern China remains poorly understood. In this study, a total of 22 strains were isolated from liver samples of diseased chickens from farms in southwestern China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon loop-1 gene showed that the 22 isolates were clustered into four distinct serotypes: FAdV serotype 4 (FAdV-4) (86.4%, 19/22), FAdV-2 (4.5%, 1/22), FAdV-8a (4.5%, 1/22), and FAdV-8b (4.5%, 1/22). FAdV-4 was the predominant serotype in southwestern China. Pathogenicity testing showed that the FAdV-4 serotype strain CH/GZXF/1602 and FAdV-8a strain CH/CQBS/1504 were pathogenic to chickens, with mortality rates reaching as high as 80% and 20%, respectively. The primary clinical feature observed following infection with strain CH/GZXF/1602 (FAdV-4) was hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, and that of strain CH/CQBS/1504 (FAdV-8a) was inclusion body hepatitis. Conversely, the FAdV-2 serotype strain CH/GZXF/1511 and FAdV-8b serotype strain CH/CQBS/1512 was not observed to be pathogenic in chickens. Then, CH/GZXF/1602 (FAdV-4) was selected for the preparation of an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine. Immune studies on Partridge Shank broilers showed that a single dose immunization at 17 days of age could not only protect against homologous challenge with virulent FAdV-4 but also provided protection against clinical disease following challenge with the heterologous FAdV-8b virulent strain until 70 days of age. The characterization of newly prevalent FAdV strains provides a valuable reference for the development of an efficacious control strategy.
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26
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Schachner A, Matos M, Grafl B, Hess M. Fowl adenovirus-induced diseases and strategies for their control - a review on the current global situation. Avian Pathol 2017; 47:111-126. [PMID: 28950714 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2017.1385724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The stand-alone pathogenicity of fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) had long been disputed, given the ubiquity of the viruses versus sporadic outbreaks, and variation between experimental studies. However, a globally emerging trend of FAdV-associated diseases has marked the past two decades, with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome mainly in Asia besides Arabian and Latin American countries, and geographically more disseminated outbreaks of inclusion body hepatitis. Finally, the appearance of FAdV-induced gizzard erosion (AGE) in Asia and Europe completed the range of diseases. Epidemiological studies confirmed serotype FAdV-4 as agent of hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, whereas inclusion body hepatitis is related to FAdV-2, -8a, -8b and -11. Members of the biologically more distant serotype FAdV-1 induce AGE. Urged by increasing problems in the field, numerous pathogenicity studies with FAdVs from outbreaks substantiated the primary aetiologic role of particular strains for distinct clinical conditions. Developments in the poultry industry towards highly specialized genetic breeds and rigorous biosecurity additionally contribute to the growing incidence of FAdV-related diseases. Confirming field observations, recent studies connected a higher susceptibility of broilers with their distinct physiology, implying the choice of bird type as a factor to be considered in infection studies. Furthermore, elevated biosecurity standards have generated immunologically naïve breeding stocks, putting broilers at risk in face of vertical FAdV transmission. Therefore, future prevention strategies should include adequate antibodies in breeders prior to production and - if necessary - vaccination, in order to protect progenies. This review aims to deliver a detailed overview on the current global situation about FAdV-induced diseases, their reproduction in vivo and vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schachner
- a Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV) , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Miguel Matos
- b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- a Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV) , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria.,b Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
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Abstract
Viral hepatitis in poultry is a complex disease syndrome caused by several viruses belonging to different families including avian hepatitis E virus (HEV), duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV-1, -2, -3), duck hepatitis virus Types 2 and 3, fowl adenoviruses (FAdV), and turkey hepatitis virus (THV). While these hepatitis viruses share the same target organ, the liver, they each possess unique clinical and biological features. In this article, we aim to review the common and unique features of major poultry hepatitis viruses in an effort to identify the knowledge gaps and aid the prevention and control of poultry viral hepatitis. Avian HEV is an Orthohepevirus B in the family Hepeviridae that naturally infects chickens and consists of three distinct genotypes worldwide. Avian HEV is associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome or big liver and spleen disease in chickens, although the majority of the infected birds are subclinical. Avihepadnaviruses in the family of Hepadnaviridae have been isolated from ducks, snow geese, white storks, grey herons, cranes, and parrots. DHBV evolved with the host as a noncytopathic form without clinical signs and rarely progressed to chronicity. The outcome for DHBV infection varies by the host's ability to elicit an immune response and is dose and age dependent in ducks, thus mimicking the pathogenesis of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections and providing an excellent animal model for human HBV. DHAV is a picornavirus that causes a highly contagious virus infection in ducks with up to 100% flock mortality in ducklings under 6 wk of age, while older birds remain unaffected. The high morbidity and mortality has an economic impact on intensive duck production farming. Duck hepatitis virus Types 2 and 3 are astroviruses in the family of Astroviridae with similarity phylogenetically to turkey astroviruses, implicating the potential for cross-species infections between strains. Duck astrovirus (DAstV) causes acute, fatal infections in ducklings with a rapid decline within 1-2 hr and clinical and pathologic signs virtually indistinguishable from DHAV. DAstV-1 has only been recognized in the United Kingdom and recently in China, while DAstV-2 has been reported in ducks in the United States. FAdV, the causative agent of inclusion body hepatitis, is a Group I avian adenovirus in the genus Aviadenovirus. The affected birds have a swollen, friable, and discolored liver, sometimes with necrotic or hemorrhagic foci. Histologic lesions include multifocal necrosis of hepatocytes and acute hepatitis with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nuclei of the hepatocytes. THV is a picornavirus that is likely the causative agent of turkey viral hepatitis. Currently there are more questions than answers about THV, and the pathogenesis and clinical impacts remain largely unknown. Future research in viral hepatic diseases of poultry is warranted to develop specific diagnostic assays, identify suitable cell culture systems for virus propagation, and develop effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Yugo
- A Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913
| | - Ruediger Hauck
- B Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- C California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California-Davis, Tulare, CA 93274
| | - Xiang-Jin Meng
- A Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0913
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Niu Y, Sun Q, Zhang G, Sun W, Liu X, Xiao Y, Shang Y, Liu S. Epidemiological investigation of outbreaks of fowl adenovirus infections in commercial chickens in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:e121-e126. [PMID: 28804982 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and five fowl adenovirus (FAdV) strains were isolated in China from 2015 to 2016 from poultry with inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium syndrome (HPS). Polymerase chain reactions determined that 68 were FAdV species C, five were FAdV species D, two were FAdV species E, and 30 contained two or more different FAdV strains. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolated FAdV strains clustered into three major groups: FAdV-C, FAdV-D and FAdV-E. Based on a hexon gene sequencing analysis, these viruses were genetically related to FAdV-4, FAdV-7, FAdV-8b and FAdV-11, of which FAdV-4 was dominant (93% of the strains). An epidemiological analysis showed that FAdVs had been circulating in broilers, domestic chickens, and layers, and co-infections with other immunosuppressive pathogens, such as chicken infectious anaemia virus, Marek's disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus, were identified. To control FAdVs, strict biosecurity protection measures are necessary, and a continued surveillance of FAdVs is needed to increase our understanding of the epidemiology of the viruses that are associated with IBH and HPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Niu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Q Sun
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - G Zhang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - W Sun
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Y Xiao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Y Shang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - S Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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29
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Du D, Zhang P, Li X, Tian H, Cheng Y, Sheng D, Han X, Shan Y, Li X, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Xue J, Liu W, Tian K. Cell-culture derived fowl adenovirus serotype 4 inactivated vaccine provides complete protection for virus infection on SPF chickens. Virusdisease 2017; 28:182-188. [PMID: 28770244 PMCID: PMC5510634 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis and hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome caused by high-pathogenic fowl adenovirus serotype 4 has recently plagued Chinese poultry industry and caused huge economic losses since 2013. So far, there is no commercial vaccine available to control this disease. In this study, we reported the development of both embryo-adapted and cell-culture derived inactivated FAdV-4 vaccines and evaluated their efficacies in chicken. Compared to embryo-adapted vaccine, cell-culture derived vaccine induced significantly earlier and higher serological response measured by AGP and ELISA. After virus challenge, chicken immunized with cell-culture derived vaccine did not showed any gross and histopathological lesions, whereas inclusion body hepatitis was observed in the liver of chicken vaccinated with embryo-adapted vaccine. No mortality was observed in both the vaccinated groups. The above results suggested that cell-culture derived FAdV-4 inactivated vaccine could be a better vaccine candidate than embryo-adapted vaccine to control FADV-4 infections in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Du
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Pantao Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Hui Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Yi Cheng
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Dongbei Sheng
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Xueying Han
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Yihong Shan
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Yue Yuan
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Wujie Liu
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Cuiwei Road, High-Tech District, Luoyang, 471003 China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Gupta A, Ahmed KA, Ayalew LE, Popowich S, Kurukulasuriya S, Goonewardene K, Gunawardana T, Karunarathna R, Ojkic D, Tikoo SK, Willson P, Gomis S. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of virus-like particles and recombinant fiber proteins in broiler-breeder vaccination against fowl adenovirus (FAdV)-8b. Vaccine 2017; 35:2716-2722. [PMID: 28396209 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically important diseases in broiler chicken industry. Several serotypes of fowl adenovirus (FAdV) can cause IBH, among them, serotype FAdV-8b is associated with the majority of the IBH cases in Canada. Here, we evaluated FAdV-8b virus-like particles (VLPs) and recombinant FAdV-8b fiber proteins (expressed in E. coli) as potential broiler-breeder vaccines against IBH. For assessing the immunogenicity of vaccines, we investigated both humoral and cellular immunity. The humoral immune response was evaluated by determining total IgY and virus-neutralizing antibody in serum at 14, 28, 35 and 60days post-immunization (dpi). We examined cellular immunity using flow cytometry by determining CD4:CD8 ratio change in peripheral blood after the booster vaccination. The protective effect of vaccines was tested by challenging 14day-old progeny (n=30/group) carrying maternal antibodies (MtAb) by challenging with virulent FAdV-8b virus (1×107 TCID50, FAdV-8b-SK). Although total IgY levels were comparable in all groups, the neutralizing antibody response in broiler-breeders at 35 and 60 dpi was significantly (p<0.05) higher those vaccinated with FAdV-8b VLPs followed by FAdV-8b fiber compared to fiber-knob. Moreover, vaccines comprised of FAdV-8b VLPs and FAdV-8b fiber rather than FAdV-8b fiber-knob efficiently elicited the cell-mediated immune response as evidenced by a statistically significant (p<0.05) CD8+ T-cell proliferative response in broiler-breeders four days after the booster vaccination. Unlike FAdV-8b fiber-knob, FAdV-8b VLPs, and FAdV-8b fiber vaccinated broiler-breeders were able to transfer a substantial amount (28.4±9%) of MtAb to their progeny. Challenge revealed that MtAb provided 100% and 82.7% protection in progeny hatched from FAdV-8b VLPs, and FAdV-8b fiber vaccinated broiler-breeders, respectively. Collectively, our data suggest that FAdV-8b subunit vaccine-induced MtAb efficiently protected progeny against clinical IBH and broiler-breeder vaccination with subunit vaccines is a potential approach to protect against IBH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Khawaja Ashfaque Ahmed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lisanework E Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shelly Popowich
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Shanika Kurukulasuriya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Thushari Gunawardana
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ruwani Karunarathna
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Davor Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory, Laboratory Services Division, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suresh K Tikoo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada; Vaccinology & Immunotherapeutics Program, School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Philip Willson
- Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Susantha Gomis
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Abstract
1. Infectious diseases have a large impact on poultry health and economics. Elucidating the pathogenesis of a certain disease is crucial to implement control strategies. 2. Multiplication of a pathogen and its characterisation in vitro are basic requirements to perform experimental studies. However, passaging of the pathogen in vitro can influence the pathogenicity, a process targeted for live vaccine development, but limits the reproduction of clinical signs. 3. Numerous factors can influence the outcome of experimental infections with some importance on the pathogen, application route and host as exemplarily outlined for Histomonas meleagridis, Gallibacterium anatis and fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs). 4. In future, more comprehensive and detailed settings are needed to obtain as much information as possible from animal experiments. Processing of samples with modern diagnostic tools provides the option to closely monitor the host–pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hess
- a Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health , University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria
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Changjing L, Haiying L, Dongdong W, Jingjing W, Youming W, Shouchun W, Jida L, Ping L, Jianlin W, Shouzhen X, Shangjin C, Yi Z, Yanbo Y. Characterization of fowl adenoviruses isolated between 2007 and 2014 in China. Vet Microbiol 2016; 197:62-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Park HS, Lim IS, Kim SK, Kim TK, Park CK, Yeo SG. Molecular analysis of the hexon, penton base, and fiber-2 genes of Korean fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolates from hydropericardium syndrome-affected chickens. Virus Genes 2016; 53:111-116. [PMID: 27683170 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1393-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the causative agent of hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), a highly pathogenic disease in poultry. In the present study, hexon, penton base, and fiber-2 genes encoding major capsid proteins were analyzed in four FAdV-4 isolates from HPS-affected chickens in Korea. Nucleotide sequences of the entire hexon (2811 bases), penton base (1578 bases), and fiber-2 (1425 bases) genes from the Korean isolates were 97.5-99.3, 99.1-99.7, and 95.5-99.0 % identical, respectively, to those of foreign FAdV-4 isolates. In the N-terminal tail region of fiber-2, the KRP motif predicted to be the nuclear localization signal was identified in the Korean isolates, whereas KRP/A was detected in other isolates. The VYPF motif in fiber-2, which is known to interact with the penton base, was present in the same region of all FAdV-4 isolates that were compared. Amino acid variations in fiber-2 for HPS and non-HPS isolates revealed that D219 and T300 were conserved among ten HPS isolates from five countries, including Korea. T380 in fiber-2, previously found in HPS isolates, corresponded to A380 in the Korean isolates, indicating that T380 is not relevant for increased virulence. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the four Korean FAdV-4 isolates were more related to MX-SHP95, a Mexican FAdV-4 isolate of HPS origin, than to FAdV-4 isolates of Indian and Chinese origin, suggesting that the genetic relationship among FAdV-4 isolates is independent of geographic distribution. The molecular features of these genes will provide valuable information for vaccine development against HPS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Su Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Diseases Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Il-Soo Lim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Diseases Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Diseases Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Toh-Kyung Kim
- Gyeongnam Livestock Promotion Institute, Jinju, 52733, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Diseases Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Geon Yeo
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Diseases Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Matos M, Grafl B, Liebhart D, Schwendenwein I, Hess M. Selected clinical chemistry analytes correlate with the pathogenesis of inclusion body hepatitis experimentally induced by fowl aviadenoviruses. Avian Pathol 2016; 45:520-9. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1168513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Matos M, Grafl B, Liebhart D, Hess M. The outcome of experimentally induced inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) by fowl aviadenoviruses (FAdVs) is crucially influenced by the genetic background of the host. Vet Res 2016; 47:69. [PMID: 27356980 PMCID: PMC4928300 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) was experimentally induced by oral inoculation of two groups of specific pathogen-free (SPF) broilers and two groups of SPF layers at day-old with either a fowl aviadenovirus (FAdV)-D or a FAdV-E strain. A substantial variation in the degree of susceptibility was observed with mortalities of 100 and 96% in the FAdV-E and D infected SPF broiler groups, respectively, whereas in the groups of infected SPF layers mortalities of only 20 and 8% were noticed. Significant changes in clinical chemistry analytes of all infected birds together with histopathological lesions indicated impairment of liver and pancreas integrity and functions. Furthermore, significantly lower blood glucose concentrations were recorded at peak of infection in both inoculated SPF broiler groups, in comparison to the control group, corresponding to a hypoglycaemic status. High viral loads were determined in liver and pancreas of SPF broilers already at 4 days post-infection (dpi), in comparison to SPF layers, indicating a somewhat faster viral replication in the target organs. Overall, highest values were noticed in the pancreas of SPF broilers independent of the virus used for infection. The actual study provides new insights into the pathogenesis of IBH, a disease evolving to a metabolic disorder, to which SPF broilers were highly susceptible. Hence, this is the first study to report a significant higher susceptibility of SPF broiler chickens to experimentally induced IBH in direct comparison to SPF layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Matos
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Beatrice Grafl
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Liebhart
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Poultry Vaccines (IPOV), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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Steer PA, Sandy JR, O'Rourke D, Scott PC, Browning GF, Noormohammadi AH. Chronological analysis of gross and histological lesions induced by field strains of fowl adenovirus serotypes 1, 8b and 11 in one-day-old chickens. Avian Pathol 2015; 44:106-13. [PMID: 25609454 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2015.1007919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause diseases in domestic chickens, including inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), with immunosuppression believed to play a role in their pathogenesis. To gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis and chronology of disease caused by FAdVs, the gross pathology, histopathology and dissemination of virus were examined at several different time points, after inoculation of one-day-old specific pathogen-free chickens with FAdV-1, FAdV-8b or FAdV-11 via the ocular route. FAdV-8b had a slightly greater virulence than FAdV-11, but both were primary pathogens. The presence and severity of hepatic lesions were used to define the three stages of the disease: incubation (1-3 days post-inoculation, PI), degeneration (4-7 days PI) and convalescence (14 days PI). Both viruses were detected in the liver, kidney, bursa, thymus and gizzard of most birds during the degenerative stage, and persisted in the gizzard into convalescence. The FAdV-1 isolate was found to be apathogenic, but virus was detected in the bursa and/or gizzard of several birds between 2 and 7 days PI. This is the first study examining the chronology of gross and microscopic lesions of pathogenic and apathogenic FAdVs in association with viral presence in multiple tissues. It was concluded that both FAdV-8b and FAdV-11 are primary pathogens, and that these strains may play a role in immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Steer
- a Poultry CRC , University of New England , Armidale , NSW , Australia
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Pauly M, Akoua-Koffi C, Buchwald N, Schubert G, Weiss S, Couacy-Hymann E, Anoh AE, Mossoun A, Calvignac-Spencer S, Leendertz SA, Leendertz FH, Ehlers B. Adenovirus in Rural Côte D'Ivoire: High Diversity and Cross-Species Detection. ECOHEALTH 2015; 12:441-452. [PMID: 25990885 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-015-1032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Taï region in Western Côte d'Ivoire is characterized by extensive overlap of human and animal habitats. This could influence patterns of adenovirus transmission between humans and domestic animals. Fecal samples from humans and various domestic animals were tested for the presence of adenoviruses by PCR. Phylogenetic and species delineation analyses were performed to further characterize the adenoviruses circulating in the region and to identify potential cross-species transmission events. Among domestic animals, adenovirus shedding was frequent (21.6% of domestic mammals and 41.5% of chickens) and the detected strains were highly diverse, several of them representing novel types. Although no evidence for zoonotic transmission of animal adenovirus was obtained, the present study provides concordant evidence in favor of common cross-species transmission of adenoviruses between different animal species and first indications for adenovirus transmission from humans to animals. These findings underline the thus far underestimated importance of reverse zoonotic transmission of viruses and of the role of domestic animals as pathogen reservoirs, "bridge species," or intermediate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Pauly
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 20A Rue Auguste Lumière, 1950, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Chantal Akoua-Koffi
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouake, BP V18, Bouake 01, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nanina Buchwald
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grit Schubert
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Weiss
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann
- Laboratoire National d`Aide au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Augustin Etile Anoh
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouake, BP V18, Bouake 01, Côte d'Ivoire
- Laboratoire National d`Aide au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Arsène Mossoun
- Centre de Recherche pour le Développement, Université Alassane Ouattara of Bouake, BP V18, Bouake 01, Côte d'Ivoire
- Laboratoire National d`Aide au Développement Agricole/Laboratoire Central de Pathologie Animale, 206, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Siv Aina Leendertz
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian H Leendertz
- Project Group "Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms", Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses affecting immunocompromised patients", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Kim MS, Lim TH, Lee DH, Youn HN, Yuk SS, Kim BY, Choi SW, Jung CH, Han JH, Song CS. An inactivated oil-emulsion fowl Adenovirus serotype 4 vaccine provides broad cross-protection against various serotypes of fowl Adenovirus. Vaccine 2014; 32:3564-8. [PMID: 24662704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The number of clinical cases of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) and hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS) has been increasing, resulting in considerable economic losses in many countries. Currently, only fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) serotype 4 (FAdV-4) has been reported as the causative agent of HHS, whereas IBH can be caused by all 12 serotypes of FAdV. For protection against HHS, various live and killed FAdV serotype 4 vaccines have been developed. However, there is a concern whether these vaccines composed of FAdV-4 alone could provide protection against IBH, which is caused by other serotypes of virulent FAdVs. To date, there have been no reports evaluating the protective efficacy of the FAdV-4 vaccine against other serotypes of FAdV. Thus, we investigated the cross-protection efficacy of an inactivated oil-emulsion FAdV-4 vaccine against various serotypes of FAdV field isolates. Our study demonstrated that the inactivated oil-emulsion FAdV-4 vaccine could provide broad cross-protection against various serotypes of FAdV in not only vaccinated birds, but also the progenies of vaccinated breeder. Therefore, we conclude that the inactivated oil-emulsion FAdV-4 vaccine could be effective in preventing the spread of various other serotypes of FAdV as well as FAdV-4 infection in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Seob Kim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Lim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Youn
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Yuk
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Yoon Kim
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Won Choi
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong-Hwan Jung
- KBNP Technology Institute, 254-18, Dugok-Ri, Sinam, Yesan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hyuck Han
- KBNP Technology Institute, 254-18, Dugok-Ri, Sinam, Yesan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Avian Disease Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 1, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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Rodríguez J, Koga Y, Alvarado A, Tinoco R. Molecular Characterization of Peruvian Fowl Adenovirus (FAdV) Isolates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.410065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Molecular typing of fowl adenoviruses, isolated in Hungary recently, reveals high diversity. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:357-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Choi KS, Kye SJ, Kim JY, Jeon WJ, Lee EK, Park KY, Sung HW. Epidemiological investigation of outbreaks of fowl adenovirus infection in commercial chickens in Korea. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2502-6. [PMID: 22991534 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In total, 39 clinical cases of fowl adenoviruses (FAdV) infection in chickens (28 broiler, 7 native, and 4 layer chickens) between 2007 and 2010 in Korea were investigated. The FAdV types 4, 8b, and 11 comprised 18, 9, and 12 clinical cases, respectively. All FAdV type 4 cases showed clinical hydropericardium (HPS) lesions as well as inclusion body hepatitis (IBH), whereas all FAdV types 8b and 11 cases exhibited IBH lesions without HPS. All 3 types were detected in broiler (9-30 d old) and layer chickens (23-112 d old), whereas most native chickens (14-65 d old) were affected only by FAdV type 4. Infectious bursal disease virus and chicken infectious anemia virus were complications in 51.3% of FAdV cases, with mortalities of 55% to <0.1%. Chicken infectious anemia virus was detected in all native chicken cases. These results indicate that preventive measures against FAdV infection and immunosuppressive diseases on poultry farms should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Choi
- OIE Newcastle Disease Reference Laboratory, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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