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Barandiaran S, Ponce L, Piras I, Rosas AC, Peña Martinez J, Marfil MJ. Detection of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in native wildlife species at conservation risk of Argentina. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1346514. [PMID: 38420209 PMCID: PMC10899436 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are mainly environmental but can cause opportunistic infections and diseases in humans and animals. Livestock and wild animals can be infected with NTM. In Argentina, there are native wild species facing conservation risks, and they are the focus of protection and reintroduction projects designed to preserve biodiversity in various ecoregions. The aim of this study was to report the presence of NTM in samples collected from four endangered native wild species from nine Argentine provinces, as part of their pre-release health assessment. Methods A total of 165 samples from giant anteater, peccary, tapir and pampas deer were obtained, these included either bronchoalveolar or endotracheal lavages, or oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal or tracheal swabs. Bacteriological culture followed by molecular identification and sequencing were performed. Results A total of 27 NTM were detected, including Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis, M. intracellulare, M. terrae, M. gordonense, M. kumamotonense, M. fortuitum, M. saskatchewanense, and M. genavense. Results revealed a 16,36% NTM recovery rate, with the giant anteater showing the highest prevalence among the mammals under study. Discussion In Argentina, due to extensive production systems, the interaction between domestic and wild species sharing the same environment is frequent, increasing the exposure of all the species to these NTM. In this way, the transmission of infectious agents from one to another is feasible. Moreover, NTMs might interfere with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. These findings emphasize the importance of active health surveillance in conservation programs. It highlights the need to address NTM epidemiology in wildlife and its impact on conservation and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Barandiaran
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Loreana Ponce
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Indiana Piras
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - María Jimena Marfil
- Laboratorio de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Ponce LC, Gallardo MJ, Marfil MJ, Petta A, Martínez Vivot M, Barandiaran S. Molecular detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in a captive aguará popé (Procyon cancrivorus) with macroscopic tuberculosis like-lesions. Indian J Tuberc 2023; 70:120-123. [PMID: 36740308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2022.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a chronic and contagious infectious disease caused by multi-host species of the genus Mycobacterium grouped within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. These pathogenic bacteria mainly affect mammals, including humans. The most recognized species is Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis in livestock. Although livestock is the main host of M. bovis, this species is frequently isolated from wild animals. Wild native mammals from Central and South America, as the crab-eating raccoon or "aguará popé" (Procyon cancrivorus), may act as a source of tuberculosis and may represent a human health risk, especially in captive scenarios, due to closer animal-human interaction. However, the only presence of infection in wild animals is not enough to determine their epidemiological role in the disease. Here we identify tuberculosis in a captive aguará popé with clinical signs and lung macroscopic tuberculosis-like lesions during necropsy. We detected tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction assay. DNA was extracted directly from lung tissue and the amplification target was the insertion sequence 6110. This study contributes to investigate the presence of the disease in wild native animals of Argentina and supports the knowledge that wild mammals may act as a source of TB for humans and domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreana Carla Ponce
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mauro Julián Gallardo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Marfil
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Petta
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Hospital Escuela, Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Martínez Vivot
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Barandiaran
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CWO, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Nicolás Repetto y De Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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ASSESSMENT OF MULTIANTIGEN PRINT IMMUNOASSAY AND RAPID LATERAL-FLOW TEST FOR THE DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS INFECTION IN MALAYAN TAPIR ( TAPIRUS INDICUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2022; 52:1257-1262. [PMID: 34998297 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) and rapid test (RT) developed and validated for detection of mycobacterial antibodies in elephants (Elephas maximus and Loxodonta africana) was assessed in Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus). Retrospective analysis of banked serum from one Mycobacterium bovis infected and seven presumably uninfected tapir was performed by MAPIA and RT. A sample collected 2 mon prior to the death of a culture-confirmed M. bovis-infected tapir served as a positive control. Seroreactivity of this sample was demonstrated via both MAPIA and RT testing. Seven uninfected animals, including four without postmortem evidence of mycobacterial disease and three that remain healthy, were negative controls; none demonstrated seroreactivity to key antigens with either test. These results suggest that MAPIA and RT have potential utility for rapid detection of M. bovis infection in Malayan tapir.
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4
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TREATMENT OF MYCOBACTERIOSIS CAUSED BY MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SSP. HOMINISSUIS IN A GROUP OF CAPTIVE LOWLAND TAPIRS ( TAPIRUS TERRESTRIS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:939-948. [PMID: 34687510 DOI: 10.1638/2020-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tapirs are a taxonomic group with a high susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases. However, successful therapy has only been documented sporadically. Here treatment of mycobacteriosis diagnosed in three, one male and two female, lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) in a zoo in Germany is reported. Two of the animals showed chronic mild respiratory signs, and conventional therapy did not improve the condition. Culture of broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) samples was positive for Mycobacterium avium ssp. hominissuis. Upon airway endoscopy, bronchial edema and increased mucus production were visible. Initially, all three infected tapirs received oral antimycobacterial therapy consisting of 5 mg/kg body weight isoniazid, 10 mg/kg rifampicin, and 10 mg/kg clarithromycin q24h. Based on therapeutic drug level monitoring, the doses of rifampicin were adjusted to 12 and 15 mg/kg in the females and the male, respectively. The treatment with all three drugs was continued for 11 mon. Six months into treatment, the clinical condition resolved, and repeated BAL samples of all three tapirs tested negative for mycobacteria by culture. Here the approach for a treatment protocol with minimal side effects suitable to control infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria in lowland tapirs is reported.
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5
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Lima DAR, Zimpel CK, Patané JS, Silva-Pereira TT, Etges RN, Rodrigues RA, Dávila AMR, Ikuta CY, Ferreira Neto JS, Guimarães AMS, Araújo FR. Genomic analysis of an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a man-made multi-host species system: A call for action on wildlife in Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e580-e591. [PMID: 34633756 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report on a 15-year-long outbreak of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife from a Brazilian safari park. A timeline of diagnostic events and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 21 Mycobacterium bovis isolates from deer and llamas were analyzed. Accordingly, from 2003 to 2018, at least 16 animals, from eight species, died due to TB, which is likely an underestimated number. In three occasions since 2013, the deer presented positive tuberculin tests, leading to the park closure and culling of all deer. WGS indicated that multiple M. bovis strains were circulating, with at least three founding introductions since the park inauguration in 1977. Using a previously sequenced dataset of 71 M. bovis genomes from cattle, we found no recent transmission events between nearby farms and the park based on WGS. Lastly, by discussing socio-economic and environmental factors escaping current regulatory gaps that were determinant of this outbreak, we pledge for the development of a plan to report and control bTB in wildlife in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane A R Lima
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina K Zimpel
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José S Patané
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taiana Tainá Silva-Pereira
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo N Etges
- Livestock and Rural Development, Secretary of Agriculture, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rudielle A Rodrigues
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alberto M R Dávila
- Computational and Systems Biology Laboratory and Graduate Program on Biodiversity and Health, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cássia Y Ikuta
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José S Ferreira Neto
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marcia S Guimarães
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flábio R Araújo
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Songthammanuphap S, Puthong S, Pongma C, Buakeaw A, Prammananan T, Warit S, Tipkantha W, Kaewkhunjob E, Yindeeyoungyeon W, Palaga T. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) using an interferon gamma release assay in a captive elephant herd. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14551. [PMID: 32883961 PMCID: PMC7471291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is highly contagious disease that can be transmitted between humans and animals. Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in captivity live in close contact with humans in many Asian countries. In this study, we developed an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for elephant TB detection using antigens from the MTB complex (MTBC) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) as stimulating antigens (PPD, ESAT6, CFP10) to elicit a cell-mediated immune response (CMIR). The developed assay was applied to an elephant herd of more than 60 animals in Thailand, and the results were compared with those obtained through serological detection. IGRA has sufficient sensitivity for detecting elephant interferon gamma (eIFNγ) from specific antigen-stimulated PBMCs. Among 60 animals tested, 20 samples (33.3%) showed negative results for both MTBC and NTM infection. Eighteen samples (30%) showed positive responses against PPD from M. bovis and/or ESAT6 and CFP10, indicating MTBC infection. In contrast, only 15.6% showed seropositivity in a commercial serological test kit for elephant TB. The discrepancies between serological and CMIR highlight that the two methods may detect different stages of elephant TB. Therefore, employing both tests may enable them to complement each other in correctly identifying elephants that have been exposed to MTBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songkiat Songthammanuphap
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Microbial Technology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Songchan Puthong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chitsuda Pongma
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Inter-Department Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Anumart Buakeaw
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Therdsak Prammananan
- The National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Saradee Warit
- The National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Wanlaya Tipkantha
- The Zoological Park Organization of Thailand, Bureau of Conservation and Research, Pracharat Sai 1 Road, BangSue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Erngsiri Kaewkhunjob
- The Zoological Park Organization of Thailand, Bureau of Conservation and Research, Pracharat Sai 1 Road, BangSue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Wandee Yindeeyoungyeon
- The National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Graduate Program in Microbiology and Microbial Technology, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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7
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Marcordes S, Lueders I, Grund L, Sliwa A, Maurer FP, Hillemann D, Möbius P, Barth SA. Clinical outcome and diagnostic methods of atypical mycobacteriosis due to Mycobacterium avium ssp. hominissuis in a group of captive lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris). Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1305-1313. [PMID: 32780937 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tapirs seem particularly susceptible to mycobacterial infections, especially to tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis or M. bovis. In this case series, we report an infection with the non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species M. avium ssp. hominissuis (MAH) in a group of four (2.2) captive lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris). Two female tapirs showed mild respiratory signs such as coughing and mucous sputum production for several years, one juvenile male tapir had to be euthanized due to severe dyspnoea, and the adult male only showed mild respiratory signs in 2010. Post-mortem histopathology of the euthanized animal revealed a chronic bronchopneumonia, and MAH was detected via culture. Subsequently, the three remaining tapirs were tested further: serologically, the tapirs had high antibody titres against M. avium, but they showed no reaction in the comparative skin test (TST). At several time points, the animals were tested for the presence of mycobacteria in different sample matrices including sputum samples, pooled faecal samples as well as swabs from the tapir enclosure to identify potential environmental niches of the pathogen. Moreover, animals were directly sampled using nasal swabs, endoscopic broncho-alveolar (BAL) and gastric lavages. MAH was detected by culture in the sputum samples, in the BAL of the breeding pair, as well as in the swimming pool water and walls, and in swabs taken from the tapir's sleeping beds. We conclude that the TST is not a useful diagnostic tool to detect MAC infections in tapirs, whereas antibody ELISA and culture from BAL appear more sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Imke Lueders
- GEOlifes-Animal Fertility and Reproductive Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Grund
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zoo Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | | | - Florian P Maurer
- National and WHO Supranational Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Borstel, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Doris Hillemann
- National and WHO Supranational Reference Center for Mycobacteria, Borstel, Germany
| | - Petra Möbius
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefanie A Barth
- Friedrich-Loeffler Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Reference Laboratory for Bovine Tuberculosis, Jena, Germany
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Michel AL, Lane EP, de Klerk-Lorist LM, Hofmeyr M, van der Heijden EMDL, Botha L, van Helden P, Miller M, Buss P. Experimental Mycobacterium bovis infection in three white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum): Susceptibility, clinical and anatomical pathology. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179943. [PMID: 28686714 PMCID: PMC5501512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is endemic in the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) population in the Kruger National Park and other conservation areas in South Africa. The disease has been diagnosed in a total of 21 free ranging or semi-free ranging wildlife species in the country with highly variable presentations in terms of clinical signs as well as severity and distribution of tuberculous lesions. Most species are spillover or dead-end hosts without significant role in the epidemiology of the disease. White rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) are translocated from the Kruger National Park in substantial numbers every year and a clear understanding of their risk to manifest overt tuberculosis disease and to serve as source of infection to other species is required. We report the findings of experimental infection of three white rhinoceroses with a moderately low dose of a virulent field isolate of Mycobacterium bovis. None of the animals developed clinical signs or disseminated disease. The susceptibility of the white rhinoceros to bovine tuberculosis was confirmed by successful experimental infection based on the ante mortem isolation of M. bovis from the respiratory tract of one rhinoceros, the presence of acid-fast organisms and necrotizing granulomatous lesions in the tracheobronchial lymph nodes and the detection of M. bovis genetic material by PCR in the lungs of two animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita L. Michel
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Emily P. Lane
- Department of Research and Scientific Services, National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lin-Mari de Klerk-Lorist
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, State Veterinary Office, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Markus Hofmeyr
- Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa
| | - Elisabeth M. D. L. van der Heijden
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Bovine Tuberculosis and Brucellosis Research Programme, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Louise Botha
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul van Helden
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michele Miller
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Buss
- Veterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa
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Gong W, Yang Y, Luo Y, Li N, Bai X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Chen M, Zhang C, Wu X. An alert of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection of rhesus macaques in a wild zoo in China. Exp Anim 2017; 66:357-365. [PMID: 28659540 PMCID: PMC5682348 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.16-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB),
is becoming increasingly recognized as an important cause of fatal chronic illnesses in
China. In this study, we report an infectious disease among 84 rhesus macaques at a
Chinese zoo. Their clinical signs and symptoms were very similar with the manifestations
of TB in humans. To determine the potential pathogens of this outbreak, many methods were
used. First, tuberculin skin tests showed that none of the monkeys displayed significant
skin reactions. Subsequently, the sera were tested for specific antibody IgG; 29 (34.5%)
and 39 (46.4%) blood samples tested positive by TB-IgG and TB-DOT, respectively.
Radiographic examination showed characteristic imageology changes in 14 (16.7%) monkeys.
One individual determined as positive by the above three methods was euthanized, and
histopathological analysis demonstrated typical granulomas and caseous necrosis in the
lung, liver, spleen, and intestine. Furthermore, the pathogenic mycobacteria were isolated
from lung lobe, cultured on acidic Lowenstein-Jensen culture medium, and identified as
M. tuberculosis by real-time PCR and DNA sequencing. Nevertheless, the
origin of the infection remained unknown. These findings emphasize the need to strengthen
the management and training of staff, especially those working at animal shelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Gong
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Heishanhu Road 17#, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yourong Yang
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Heishanhu Road 17#, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yi Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Xizhimen Street 137#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pathology, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Heishanhu Road 17#, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Bai
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Heishanhu Road 17#, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Yinping Liu
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Heishanhu Road 17#, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Junxian Zhang
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Heishanhu Road 17#, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Heishanhu Road 17#, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies, Beijing Zoo, Xizhimen Street 137#, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xueqiong Wu
- Army Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Key Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Institute for Tuberculosis Research, 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Heishanhu Road 17#, Haidian District, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
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Zimpel CK, Brum JS, de Souza Filho AF, Biondo AW, Perotta JH, Dib CC, Bonat M, Neto JSF, Brandão PE, Heinemann MB, Guimaraes AMS. Mycobacterium bovis in a European bison (Bison bonasus) raises concerns about tuberculosis in Brazilian captive wildlife populations: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:91. [PMID: 28187776 PMCID: PMC5301329 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis is an important worldwide zoonosis and has been reported to cause clinical disease in several animal species, including captive wildlife. This report describes a case of M. bovis infection in a European bison from a Brazilian zoo and compiles a number of literature reports that raise concern regarding tuberculosis among captive wildlife in Brazil. Case presentation A 13 year-old captive-born male bison (Bison bonasus) from a Brazilian zoo began presenting weight loss, diarrhea and respiratory symptoms, which inevitably led to his death. At the animal’s necropsy, inspection of the thoracic and abdominal cavities revealed multiple enlarged lymph nodes, ranging from 4 to 10 cm, and pulmonary nodules containing caseous masses with firm white materials consistent with mineralization. Histopathology findings showed a significant amount of acid-alcohol resistant bacilli compatible with Mycobacterium spp. Specimens from lymph nodes and lungs were cultured on Petragnani and Stonebrink media, and specific PCR assays of the bacterial isolate identified it as M. bovis. Conclusion The European bison reported herein died from a severe form of disseminated tuberculosis caused by M. bovis. A review of the available literature indicates possible widespread occurrence of clinical disease caused by M. bovis or M. tuberculosis affecting multiple animal species in Brazilian wildlife-related institutions. These likely underestimated numbers raise concern regarding the control of the disease in captive animal populations from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Kraemer Zimpel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sperotto Brum
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-060, Brazil
| | - Antônio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-060, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Perotta
- Departmento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua dos Funcionários, 1540, Curitiba, PR, CEP 80035-060, Brazil
| | - Cristina Corsi Dib
- Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04014-002, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bonat
- Departamento de Pesquisa e Conservação da Fauna-Zoológico Municipal de Curitiba, Rua João Miqueletto, s/n, Curitiba, PR, CEP 81860-270, Brazil
| | - José Soares Ferreira Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Paulo Eduardo Brandão
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bryan Heinemann
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Ana Marcia Sa Guimaraes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87-Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil. .,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, 1374 Prof. Lineu Prestes Avenue, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil.
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Biava J, Gonçalves R, Javorouski M, Bonat M, Lacerda O, Murakami P, Vilani R, Biondo A. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-6957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the in vivo Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technique by endoscopy in tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) with clinical signs of tuberculosis. The technique was performed in two tapirs, male and female, from Curitiba Zoo, Paraná, Brazil. A flexible endoscope and a polyethylene catheter were used after the chemical restraint of the animals. For BAL technique, 60mL of saline 0.9% were infused with a polyethylene catheter, introduced by the endoscope's working channel, and 15mL of BAL were recovered, analyzed and submitted to cytocentrifugation. Slides were stained by Papanicolaou, periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Ziehl-Neelsen methods contained high quantity of inflammatory cells on light microscopy (macrophages 27.5%, lymphocytes 0.5%, neutrophis 67% and eosinophis 5%). BAL samples were submitted to culture, bacilloscopy and PCR and were negative for both animals. Based on this study, it was concluded that the bronchoalveolar lavage technique in tapirs is feasible, simple, noninvasive, practical and fast, providing an important clinical information in vivo regarding the functional status of the lower respiratory tract.
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Ghodbane R, Drancourt M. Non-human sources of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:589-95. [PMID: 24119770 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a successful pathogen responsible for the vast majority of deadly tuberculosis cases in humans. It rests in a dormant form in contaminated people who constitute the reservoir with airborne interhuman transmission during pulmonary tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis is therefore regarded majoritary as a human pathogen. Here, we review the evidence for anthroponotic M. tuberculosis infection in non-human primates, other mammals and psittacines. Some infected animals may be sources for zoonotic tuberculosis caused by M. tuberculosis, with wild life trade and zoos being amplifying factors. Moreover, living animals and cadavers can scatter M. tuberculosis in the environment where it could survive for extended periods of time in soil where amoebae could play a role. Although marginal in the epidemiology of human tuberculosis, these data indicate that M. tuberculosis is not uniquely adapted to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi Ghodbane
- Aix Marseille Université, URMITE, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm 1095, 13005 Marseille, France
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