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El-Khayat HMM, Sayed SSM, Mohammed WA, Sadek ASM. Protozoan and helminths infestation of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and its correlation with certain water quality variables along river Nile in the area of Greater Cairo. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123459. [PMID: 38286257 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Pollutants and parasites represent stressors for fish at the individual, population, or community levels. The current study outlines the seasonal infestation pattern of Oreochromis niloticus by protozoan and helminths parasites linked to some physicochemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity), and metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Ca), at nine selected sites in River Nile (Greater Cairo area) from summer 2019 till spring 2020. Most of the studied criteria in Nile water samples showed normal levels during all seasons compared to the recommended limits of EPA. The parasitological examinations recorded three protozoan categories: Myxobolus (8 species), hemoflagellates (Trypanosoma mukasi) and Ciliates (Trichodina compacta), and three helminths; Clinostomum sp., Acanthocephala sp. and Euclinostomum ardeola. The highest incidence of infection was determined for Clinostomum sp., followed in descending order by Myxobolus sp., Acanthocephala sp., T. mukasi, E. ardeolathen, and T. compacta. Notably, this study introduces the novel identification of new species of Myxobolus in the blood of Oreochromis niloticus. The histopathological examination of gills, muscles, and kidneys reveals serious changes and the presence of encysted trematodes, metacercariae, and cysts of protozoan parasites. Additionally, the study employs cluster analysis based on site similarity in water variables and canonical correspondence analysis, explaining 98.7 % of the variables and indicating correlations between parasite infestation and environmental factors. These analytical approaches reveal the impact of land use activities on water variables and the influence of adjacent activities on fish parasite infestation patterns. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive perspective by considering various factors to enhance our understanding of pollutants and parasites affecting fish in the River Nile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa M M El-Khayat
- Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sara S M Sayed
- Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa A Mohammed
- Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Division, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Al-Shaimaa M Sadek
- Zoology and Entomology Department, College of Science, Al-Azhar University, P. O. 11765, Cairo, 11865, Egypt.
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2
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Grabner D, Rothe LE, Sures B. Parasites and Pollutants: Effects of Multiple Stressors on Aquatic Organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1946-1959. [PMID: 37283208 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Parasites can affect their hosts in various ways, and this implies that parasites may act as additional biotic stressors in a multiple-stressor scenario, resembling conditions often found in the field if, for example, pollutants and parasites occur simultaneously. Therefore, parasites represent important modulators of host reactions in ecotoxicological studies when measuring the response of organisms to stressors such as pollutants. In the present study, we introduce the most important groups of parasites occurring in organisms commonly used in ecotoxicological studies ranging from laboratory to field investigations. After briefly explaining their life cycles, we focus on parasite stages affecting selected ecotoxicologically relevant target species belonging to crustaceans, molluscs, and fish. We included ecotoxicological studies that consider the combination of effects of parasites and pollutants on the respective model organism with respect to aquatic host-parasite systems. We show that parasites from different taxonomic groups (e.g., Microsporidia, Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda, Acanthocephala, and Nematoda) clearly modulate the response to stressors in their hosts. The combined effects of environmental stressors and parasites can range from additive, antagonistic to synergistic. Our study points to potential drawbacks of ecotoxicological tests if parasite infections of test organisms, especially from the field, remain undetected and unaddressed. If these parasites are not detected and quantified, their physiological effects on the host cannot be separated from the ecotoxicological effects. This may render this type of ecotoxicological test erroneous. In laboratory tests, for example to determine effect or lethal concentrations, the presence of a parasite can also have a direct effect on the concentrations to be determined and thus on the subsequently determined security levels, such as predicted no-effect concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1946-1959. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grabner
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Louisa E Rothe
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Research Center One Health Ruhr, Research Alliance Ruhr, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Leite LAR, Januário FF, Pelegrini LS, Antoniassi B, Azevedo RK, Abdallah VD. Seasonal patterns of infestation by monogenean parasites of fish and their relationship with water parameters in two rivers with different disturbance gradients in southeastern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e255758. [PMID: 37194823 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.255758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we evaluate the relationships between the infestation rates of five monogenean parasites species with the dry and wet seasons, with the organic and inorganic parameters of the water of two rivers: the Jacaré-Pepira and Jacaré-Guaçú, and with the condition factors of its fish hosts: Serrasalmus maculatus and Astronotus crassipinnis, in the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. Fish were collected between January and December 2017. Anacanthorus serrasalmi, Amphithecium speirocamarotum and Gussevia asota had higher abundance rates (Student's t test, p ≤ 0.05) in the wet season. Gussevia asota had its abundance negatively correlated to nitrate in the Jacaré-Pepira River and with total nitrogen and potassium in the Jacaré-Guaçú River. Regarding the fish hosts condition factors, was observed a positive correlation with the abundances of G. asota in the Jacaré-Guaçú River, and with A. serrasalmi in the Jacaré-Pepira River. In general, wet season favored an increasing in the infestation rates of the monogeneans parasites in their host species, mainly in the river considered as the most polluted, the Jacaré-Guaçú River. Of the five parasites species analyzed in this study, only Gussevia astronoti and Rhinoxenus piranhus had no interaction with seasonality, river water variables, or fish host condition factors. On the other hand, G. asota had interactions both with water parameters (nitrate and total nitrogen) and with the hosts condition factors, which reflected in the abundance and intensity rates, showing itself as a species sensitive to changes in the environment and, therefore, that can be considered as a bioindicator organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A R Leite
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - F F Januário
- Centro Universitário do Sagrado Coração - UNISAGRADO, Pró-reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - L S Pelegrini
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Laboratório de Ictiologia e Ordenamento Pesqueiro do Vale do Rio Madeira, Humaitá, AM, Brasil
| | - B Antoniassi
- Centro Universitário do Sagrado Coração - UNISAGRADO, Pró-reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação, Bauru, SP, Brasil
| | - R K Azevedo
- Centro Universitário CESMAC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Análise de Sistemas Ambientais, Maceió, AL, Brasil
| | - V D Abdallah
- Centro Universitário CESMAC, Programa de Pós-graduação em Análise de Sistemas Ambientais, Maceió, AL, Brasil
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas - UFAL, Setor de Parasitologia e Patologia, Maceió, AL, Brasil
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Sue H, MacKenzie K, Ives SC, Pert CC, Jones CS. Diclidophora merlangi (Kuhn, 1829) Krøyer, 1838 (Monogenea: Diclidophoridae) as an indicator of hydrocarbon pollution in the North Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114268. [PMID: 36343548 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the results of analyses of data on infections of 2646 whiting Merlangius merlangus with the monogenean Diclidophora merlangi. All fish were caught in the North Sea and off the north coast of Scotland in 1990, 1993 and 1995. The aims were to analyse these data in relation to the locations of whiting sampling stations and oil installations active at that time, and to evaluate the results in terms of D. merlangi as an indicator of hydrocarbon pollution. Mean abundance of D. merlangi increased significantly with increasing proximity to the nearest oil field, with an accelerated rate of increase within approximately 2 km of the oil field. Age of oil field and whiting length showed no significant effect on parasite abundance, but there was a small difference between years. The results support those of previous studies in demonstrating the value of monogeneans as indicators of hydrocarbon pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Sue
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Ken MacKenzie
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK.
| | - Stephen C Ives
- Marine Scotland Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland, UK
| | - Campbell C Pert
- Marine Scotland Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, Scotland, UK
| | - Catherine S Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
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A survey of parasites in freshwater fishes from Nong Han wetland, Udon Thani Province, Thailand. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3693-3708. [PMID: 34546438 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of fish parasites from freshwater fishes collected from the Nong Han wetland (Udon Thani Province, Thailand) was studied by visually examining 22 freshwater fish species (253 samples) from 19 genera for external and internal parasites. A majority of fishes in the Nong Han wetland were infected by parasites (75.89%). Twenty fish species (75.89%) were infected with a total of 29 species of parasites. These included 9 species of monogeneans, 5 crustaceans, 5 acanthocephalans, 4 nematodes, 3 digeneans, and 3 species of cestodes. Cyclocheilichthys apogon had the most diverse parasite community (8 species). Seasons affected the prevalence and mean intensity of parasitic infection; the prevalence was highest during the rainy (85.54%) and winter (84.75%) seasons, and lower during the summer (63.96%) season. Fish diversity and parasite diversity exhibited a positive correlation relationship. In the light of declining fish populations in the Nong Han wetland, this study may provide critical information for the sustainable management of this wetland. Furthermore, some of the identified fish parasites can be harmful to humans if fish is eaten raw or improperly cooked, as is the tradition in northeastern Thailand, so our findings may bear relevance for public health workers as well.
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Abstract
Fish farming is becoming an increasingly popular agricultural activity, and water quality in these environments is a major concern. Fish parasites, such as monogeneans, respond to changes in abiotic conditions, either with an increase or decrease in population. This study aimed to identify gill monogeneans and analyse their relationships with abiotic factors during the ontogenetic development of Nile tilapia over the fish culture cycle in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Fish were sampled monthly for eight months, and a total of 200 fish were collected. The physical and chemical water parameters were measured and correlated with the abundance of each monogenean species. Over the fish culture cycle, the physical and chemical parameters fluctuated, and the water quality decreased. The parasites found included Cichlidogyrus tilapiae, Cichlidogyrus thurstonae, Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, Cichlidogyrus halli and Scutogyrus longicornis. The abundances of all species showed significant differences during ontogenetic development (body size) and C. tilapiae, C. sclerosus, C. thurstonae and S. longicornis were correlated with changes in abiotic conditions. However, C. halli was not significantly correlated with any of the evaluated physical or chemical parameters. Understanding how different monogenean species respond to changes in the physical and chemical parameters of water during a production cycle can prevent peaks in abundance and subsequent sanitary problems.
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Molbert N, Alliot F, Leroux-Coyau M, Médoc V, Biard C, Meylan S, Jacquin L, Santos R, Goutte A. Potential Benefits of Acanthocephalan Parasites for Chub Hosts in Polluted Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5540-5549. [PMID: 32267695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Some parasites are expected to have beneficial impacts on wild populations in polluted environments because of their bioaccumulation potential of pollutants from their hosts. The fate of organic micropollutants in host-parasite systems and the combined effect of parasitism and pollution were investigated in chub Squalius cephalus, a freshwater fish, infected (n = 73) or uninfected (n = 45) by acanthocephalan parasites Pomphorhynchus sp. from differently contaminated riverine sites. Several ubiquitous pollutants (polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated diphenyl-ethers (PBDEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phthalates, insecticides, pyrethroids, and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)) and some of their metabolites were characterized for the first time in parasites and various fish matrices (muscle, liver, and stomach content). Most organic pollutants reached higher levels in parasites than in chub matrices. In contrast, metabolite levels were lower in parasite tissues compared to fish matrices. Infected and uninfected chub exhibited no significant differences in their pollutant load. Body condition, organo-somatic indices, and immunity were not affected by parasitism, and few correlations were found with chemical pollution. Interestingly, infected chub exhibited lower oxidative damage compared to uninfected fish, irrespective of their pollutant load. In light of these results, this correlative study supports the hypothesis that acanthocephalan parasites could bring benefits to their hosts to cope with organic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlie Molbert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Alliot
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Leroux-Coyau
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Médoc
- Equipe Neuro Ethologie Sensorielle, ENES/Neuro-PSI CNRS UMR 9197, Université de Lyon/Saint-Etienne, F-42100 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Clotilde Biard
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Meylan
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Paris 7, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lisa Jacquin
- Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique EDB, UMR 5174, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; UPS; CNRS; IRD, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Santos
- Ecology and Engineering of Aquatic Systems Research Group, HEPIA, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland, CH-1254 Jussy, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Goutte
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
- EPHE, PSL Research University, UMR METIS, F-75005 Paris, France
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Lehmann NB, Owatari MS, Furtado WE, Cardoso L, Tancredo KR, Jesus GFA, Lopes GR, Martins ML. Parasitological and histopathological diagnosis of a non-native fish ( Oreochromis sp.) with a noticeable presence in a natural Brazilian river environment. J Parasit Dis 2020; 44:201-212. [PMID: 32174726 PMCID: PMC7046855 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-019-01184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nile tilapia is an exotic species produced in Brazilian aquaculture. The aim of this study was to constitute a pathological diagnosis in Oreochromis sp. with a noticeable presence in a river in southern Brazil, and to verify the origin of these fish in this natural habitat, an environment with high sanitary precariousness due to discharges of industrial effluents. A total of 30 fish were collected during three sampling events and their health status was assessed by parasitological fauna survey, parasitological indices and histopathological examination of the gills, liver, spleen and kidney. Five species of monogenea were identified infesting gills and stomach: Cichlidogyrus sclerosus, C. halli, C. thurstonae, Scutogyrus longicornis and Enterogyrus cichlidarum; and 4 species of trichodinidae infesting the body surface and gills: Trichodina magna, T. compacta, T. centrostrigeata and Paratrichodina africana. The results showed differences according to the seasonality of the collection, with higher parasite count and larger tissue alterations in summer. Histopathological analysis fluctuated from moderate to severe, but necrosis prevailed in all organs and in all fish, indicating that these fish did not enjoy full health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicollas Breda Lehmann
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Marco Shizuo Owatari
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - William Eduardo Furtado
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Lucas Cardoso
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Karen Roberta Tancredo
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Gabriel Fernandes Alves Jesus
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ruschel Lopes
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
| | - Mauricio Laterça Martins
- AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianopolis, SC 88040-900 Brazil
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Petitjean Q, Jean S, Gandar A, Côte J, Laffaille P, Jacquin L. Stress responses in fish: From molecular to evolutionary processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:371-380. [PMID: 31154210 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global changes, fish are increasingly exposed to multiple stressors that have cascading effects from molecules to the whole individual, thereby affecting wild fish populations through selective processes. In this review, we synthetize recent advances in molecular biology and evolutionary biology to outline some potentially important effects of stressors on fish across biological levels. Given the burgeoning literature, we highlight four promising avenues of research. First, (1) the exposure to multiple stressors can lead to unexpected synergistic or antagonistic effects, which should be better taken into account to improve our predictions of the effects of actual and future human activities on aquatic organisms. Second, (2) we argue that such interactive effects might be due to switches in energy metabolism leading to threshold effects. Under multiple stress exposure, fish could switch from a "compensation" strategy, i.e. a reallocation of energy to defenses and repair to a "conservation" strategy, i.e. blocking of stress responses leading to strong deleterious effects and high mortality. Third, (3) this could have cascading effects on fish survival and population persistence but multiscale studies are still rare. We propose emerging tools merging different levels of biological organization to better predict population resilience under multiple stressors. Fourth (4), there are strong variations in sensitivity among populations, which might arise from transgenerational effects of stressors through plastic, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms. This can lead to local adaptation or maladaptation, with strong impacts on the evolutionary trajectories of wild fish populations. With this review, we hope to encourage future research to bridge the gap between molecular ecology, ecotoxicology and evolutionary biology to better understand the evolution of responses of fishes to current and future multiple stressors in the context of global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Petitjean
- Laboratoire EDB Évolution & Diversité Biologique UMR 5174, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France; Laboratoire ECOLAB UMR 5245, CNRS, INPT-ENSAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Séverine Jean
- Laboratoire ECOLAB UMR 5245, CNRS, INPT-ENSAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Allison Gandar
- Laboratoire ECOLAB UMR 5245, CNRS, INPT-ENSAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jessica Côte
- Laboratoire EDB Évolution & Diversité Biologique UMR 5174, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Laffaille
- Laboratoire ECOLAB UMR 5245, CNRS, INPT-ENSAT, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lisa Jacquin
- Laboratoire EDB Évolution & Diversité Biologique UMR 5174, Université de Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, UPS, CNRS, IRD, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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Community structure of metazoan parasites from Pimelodus blochii in two rivers of the Western Brazilian Amazon: same seasonal traits, but different anthropogenic impacts. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3791-3798. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Sures B, Nachev M, Selbach C, Marcogliese DJ. Parasite responses to pollution: what we know and where we go in 'Environmental Parasitology'. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:65. [PMID: 28166838 PMCID: PMC5294906 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental parasitology deals with the interactions between parasites and pollutants in the environment. Their sensitivity to pollutants and environmental disturbances makes many parasite taxa useful indicators of environmental health and anthropogenic impact. Over the last 20 years, three main research directions have been shown to be highly promising and relevant, namely parasites as accumulation indicators for selected pollutants, parasites as effect indicators, and the role of parasites interacting with established bioindicators. The current paper focuses on the potential use of parasites as indicators of environmental pollution and the interactions with their hosts. By reviewing some of the most recent findings in the field of environmental parasitology, we summarize the current state of the art and try to identify promising ideas for future research directions. In detail, we address the suitability of parasites as accumulation indicators and their possible application to demonstrate biological availability of pollutants; the role of parasites as pollutant sinks; the interaction between parasites and biomarkers focusing on combined effects of parasitism and pollution on the health of their hosts; and the use of parasites as indicators of contaminants and ecosystem health. Therefore, this review highlights the application of parasites as indicators at different biological scales, from the organismal to the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141, Essen, Germany.,Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Milen Nachev
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, D-45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - Christian Selbach
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - David J Marcogliese
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, St. Lawrence Centre, 105 McGill Street, 7th floor, Montreal, QC, H2Y 2E7, Canada.,St. Andrews Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 531 Brandy Cove Road, St, Andrews, NB, E5B 2 L9, Canada
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Abstract
Latin America has tripled production by aquaculture up to 78 million tonnes in the past 20 years. However, one of the problems that aquaculture is facing is the presence of helminth parasites and the diseases caused by them in the region. In this review we have collected all the available information on helminths affecting commercial aquaculture in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), emphasizing those causing serious economic losses. Monogeneans are by far the most common and aggressive parasites affecting farmed fish in LAC. They have been recognized as serious pathogens in intensive fish culture because they reach high levels of infection rapidly, and can infect other phylogenetically related fish species. The next most important group comprises the larval stages of digeneans (metacercariae) such as Diplostomum sp. and Centrocestus formosanus, which cause serious damage to farmed fish. Since LAC aquaculture has been based mainly on exotic species (tilapia, salmon, trout and carp), most of their parasites have been brought into the region together with the fish for aquaculture. Recently, one of us (A.I.P.-T.) has suggested that monogeneans, which have generally been considered to be harmless, can produce serious effects on the growth of cultured Nile tilapia. Therefore, the introduction of fish together with their 'harmless' parasites into new sites, regions or countries in LAC should be considered a breakdown of biosecurity in those countries involved. Therefore, the application of quarantine procedures and preventive therapeutic treatments should be considered before allowing these introductions into a country.
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Parasites as bioindicators of environmental degradation in Latin America: A meta-analysis. J Helminthol 2016; 91:165-173. [PMID: 27346709 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x16000432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Unregulated economic growth in Latin America has resulted in environmental degradation, including the release of toxic compounds into the environment. One strategy to understand and prevent the outcomes of this harmful environmental degradation is the use of bioindicators. These are free-living or parasite species that respond to habitat alterations with changes in their numbers, physiology or chemical composition. The aim of this review was to determine whether there is evidence of a significant parasite response to environmental damage in Latin America. We collected 26 papers published between 2003 and 2015 and conducted a meta-analysis to test the null hypothesis that there is no significant overall effect of environmental insults on parasites. The meta-analysis showed a low but still significant negative mean overall effect (Hedges' g = -0.221; 95% CI: -0.241 to -0.200; P < 0.0001). However, the magnitudes and directions of the significant effects varied widely. These results suggest that different groups of parasites have distinct responses to various environmental insults and that the groups should be separately analysed after the accumulation of a sufficient number of studies. For future studies on this topic in Latin America, we suggest: (1) using field and experimental approaches to determine the response of parasites to environmental degradation; (2) using an interdisciplinary approach, including different types of biomarkers in both parasites and individual hosts to generate long-term datasets in polluted and reference areas; (3) conducting studies on parasites as accumulation bioindicators.
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Paredes-Trujillo A, Velázquez-Abunader I, Torres-Irineo E, Romero D, Vidal-Martínez VM. Geographical distribution of protozoan and metazoan parasites of farmed Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in Yucatán, México. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:66. [PMID: 26842384 PMCID: PMC4740987 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Yucatán State, southern México, as in many other parts of the world where tilapia has been introduced for aquaculture, the deficient application of management measures has led to the establishment of non-native parasites. The aims of this study were to describe the geographical distribution of protozoan and helminth parasites of farmed Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) throughout the Yucatán and to examine the potential statistical associations of the prevalence and mean abundance of these parasites with management and environmental variables. Methods All 29 Nile tilapia farms currently operating in Yucatán were surveyed. Maps were created to describe the geographical location of the parasites infecting Nile tilapia at each farm. We evaluated the statistical associations of management and environmental variables with the mean abundance values of each parasite species using a multivariate redundancy analysis (RDA) and generalized additive models (GAM). We also used Ripley’s K to determine whether there were significant clusters of the mean abundance of particular parasite species in specific regions of the Yucatán State. Results A total of 580 O. niloticus were examined, and 11 species of parasites were recorded. Cichlidogyrus sclerosus was the most frequent and abundant parasite at all 29 farms, whereas Gyrodactylus cichlidarum was found in 26 of the 29 farms. The RDA showed that the most important predictors were the concentration of nitrites and ammonium and the water exchange rate. The GAM showed the significant effect of the tank capacity, no use of quarantine area and no use of prophylactic treatments on the mean abundance of G. cichlidarum. The geographical distribution patterns of the mean abundance of most parasite species exhibited clustering near to the coast of Yucatán. Conclusion Two groups of farms were distinguished: (i) farms with medium to high technology, where the most frequent and abundant parasite was G. cichlidarum, and (ii) farms with low technology, where the most frequent and abundant parasite was C. sclerosus. Good biosecurity practices such as the use of quarantine and prophylactic treatments prior to the introduction of infected Nile tilapia to the farms are recommended to avoid the establishment of parasites such as G. cichlidarum in farms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1332-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Paredes-Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida Km. 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, Mérida, Yucatán, 97310, México.
| | - Iván Velázquez-Abunader
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida Km. 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, Mérida, Yucatán, 97310, México.
| | - Edgar Torres-Irineo
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida Km. 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, Mérida, Yucatán, 97310, México.
| | - David Romero
- Departamento de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, México, D.F, México.
| | - Víctor Manuel Vidal-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Mérida Km. 6 Carretera Antigua a Progreso, Cordemex, Mérida, Yucatán, 97310, México.
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Yen Le TT, Rijsdijk L, Sures B, Hendriks AJ. Accumulation of persistent organic pollutants in parasites. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 108:145-151. [PMID: 24582601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organisms are simultaneously exposed to various stressors, including parasites and pollutants, that may interact with each other. Research on the accumulation of organic compounds in host-parasite systems is scant compared to studies on parasite-metal interactions and mainly focuses on intestinal endoparasites. We reviewed factors that determine the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in host-parasite systems. The wet/dry weight-based concentration of POPs in these parasites is usually lower than that in host tissues because of lower lipid contents in the parasites. However, the fractionation of the pollutants into parasites and their hosts may vary, depending on developmental stages in the life cycle of the parasites. Developmental stages determine the trophic relationship and the taxon of the parasite in the host-parasite systems because of different feeding strategies between the stages. Lipid-corrected concentrations of organic chemicals in the host are usually higher than those in the endoparasites studied. This phenomenon is attributed to a number of physiological and behavioural processes, such as feeding selectivity and strategy and excretion. Moreover, no significant relationship was found between the accumulation factor (i.e. the ratio between the lipid-corrected concentrations in parasites and in their hosts) for polychlorinated biphenyls and either hydrophobicity or molecular size. At the intermediate hydrophobicity, larger and more lipophilic compounds are accumulated at higher levels in both parasites and the host than smaller and less lipophilic compounds. The bioaccumulation of POPs in parasites is affected by some other abiotic, e.g. temperature, and biotic factors, e.g. the number of host species infected by parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Yen Le
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Laurie Rijsdijk
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bern Sures
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), University of Duisburg Essen, Germany
| | - A Jan Hendriks
- Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Khan RA. Host-parasite interactions in some fish species. J Parasitol Res 2012; 2012:237280. [PMID: 22900144 PMCID: PMC3415075 DOI: 10.1155/2012/237280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-parasite interactions are complex, compounded by factors that are capable of shifting the balance in either direction. The host's age, behaviour, immunological status, and environmental change can affect the association that is beneficial to the host whereas evasion of the host's immune response favours the parasite. In fish, some infections that induce mortality are age and temperature dependent. Environmental change, especially habitat degradation by anthropogenic pollutants and oceanographic alterations induced by climatic, can influence parasitic-host interaction. The outcome of these associations will hinge on susceptibility and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Khan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X9
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Jerônimo GT, Speck GM, Cechinel MM, Gonçalves ELT, Martins ML. Seasonal variation on the ectoparasitic communities of Nile tilapia cultured in three regions in southern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2011; 71:365-73. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842011000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 240 Nile tilapia were examined between April 2007 and March 2008, gathered from three different fish farms, 20 fish in each fish farm, in the four seasons of the year. Fish ponds were located in Joinville, Blumenau and Ituporanga, Santa Catarina state, Brazil and each pond had a different culture system. Prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance and mean relative dominance were compared among fish ponds and seasons. During this period, the water quality was kept in normal values. Piscinoodinium pillulare (Dinoflagellida) was the most dominant parasite followed by Trichodina magna e T. compacta (Ciliophora), Cichlydogyrus sclerosus, C halli, C. thurstonae, Scutogyrus longicornis (Monogenoidea), copepodids Lernaeidae gen. sp. The highest prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of ectoparasites were found on the body surface in fish from Joinville followed by Blumenau and Ituporanga. In the gills, the highest mean intensity and mean abundance were found in fish from Blumenau and Ituporanga in the winter. Piscinoodinium pillulare showed prevalence 100% during autumn in Blumenau and Ituporanga. In winter P. pillulare occurred in all study facilities. Fish from Joinville showed 100% prevalence of Monogenoidea during all seasons, as well as the highest mean intensity and abundance. The results showed that the majority of examined fish had higher infestations by protozoan during autumn and winter and higher infestations by metazoan have occurred in spring and summer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - GM. Speck
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - MM Cechinel
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - ML Martins
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Roux LEL, Avenant-Oldewage A, Walt FVD. Aspects of the Ecology ofCichlidogyrus philanderCollected fromPseudocrenilabrus Philander Philanderfrom the Padda Dam, Gauteng, South Africa. AFRICAN ZOOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.3377/004.046.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Khan RA. Chronic exposure and decontamination of a marine sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) to polychlorinated biphenyls using selected body indices, blood values, histopathology, and parasites as bioindicators. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2011; 60:479-485. [PMID: 20559629 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-010-9547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the health of a subtidal marine sculpin, Myoxocephalus scorpius, naturally exposed in a shipping terminal where polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) had been spilled, as well as that of others sculpins after decontamination in the laboratory for 16 weeks. Reference samples were captured at a pristine site upcurrent from the contaminated terminal. Examination of field samples caught by scuba divers showed external and toxicopathic lesions in several tissues; decreased body condition and organ indices; and decreased hemoglobin and lymphocyte levels. No difference in the diversity of parasites was observed between reference and contaminated samples, but abundance was generally greater in fish from the latter site. Although the total number of species of parasites decreased in both groups of depurated sculpins, the abundance of infections on gill and gall bladder was significantly greater in fish from the polluted site. These results suggest that M. scorpius was affected adversely by PCBs and that its responses are ecologically significant as a bioindicator species in degraded habitats. Moreover, remediation might not mitigate the observed anomalies in fish inhabiting the impacted site.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Khan
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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Vidal-Martínez VM, Pech D, Sures B, Purucker ST, Poulin R. Can parasites really reveal environmental impact? Trends Parasitol 2010; 26:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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