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Barrett A, Holder K, Knowles S, LaDouceur EEB. Retrospective review of the pathology of American pikas. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024:10406387241256907. [PMID: 38804174 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241256907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
American pikas (Ochotona princeps) are small lagomorphs that live in mountainous talus areas of western North America. Studies on the histopathology of American pikas are limited. We summarize here the clinical histories, and gross and histologic findings of 12 American pikas, including 9 captive (wild-caught) and 3 wild animals. Death was often attributed to stress (transport, handling, anesthesia) with few-to-no premonitory clinical signs. Infection was the cause of death in 2 cases: 1 had bacterial pyogranulomatous dermatitis, cellulitis, and lymphadenitis with sepsis; the other case had oomycete-induced necrotizing colitis. Incidental parasitic infections included sarcocystosis, nematodosis (oxyurids), and ectoparasitism. Most animals with adequate nutritional status had periportal hepatic lipidosis; this finding was absent in all animals with adipose atrophy, and it is possible that periportal hepatic lipidosis is non-pathologic in American pikas. Three cases had myocardial necrosis that was considered the cause of death; the cause of necrosis was not determined, but it may have been caused by stress or vitamin E-selenium deficiency. Esophageal hyperkeratosis was noted in animals with a history of anorexia and negative energy balance; accumulation of esophageal keratin can result from lack of mucosal abrasion by ingesta. Several histologic findings that are likely normal in American pikas include splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, thymic tissue in adults, and Clostridium sp. in the enteric lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kali Holder
- Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Susan Knowles
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, USA
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Santillán LA, Cruces CL, Sáez GM, Martínez-Rojas R, Mondragón-Martínez A, Murrieta Morey GA, Quiñones M, Luque JL, Chero JD. An Annotated Checklist of Monogeneans (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea) from Aquatic Vertebrates in Peru: A Review of Diversity, Hosts and Geographical Distribution. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1542. [PMID: 38891589 PMCID: PMC11171260 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Monogeneans are flatworm parasites that infest fish gills primarily but can also infect various other vertebrates, including amphibians, aquatic reptiles, mammals like hippos, and occasionally invertebrates like copepods, isopods, and cephalopods. Despite their remarkable diversity, our knowledge of monogenean parasites in Peru remains significantly limited, resulting in substantial gaps in our comprehension of their taxonomic identities, host associations, and geographic distribution. To address these knowledge deficits, we present an extensively curated checklist of monogeneans associated with aquatic vertebrates in Peru. This comprehensive compilation is derived from meticulous literature surveys, the examination of specimens deposited in both international and national collections, and the inclusion of additional freshly collected specimens. The checklist offers a thorough repository of data encompassing the diversity, host associations, and geographical distribution of these parasites. Taxonomic discrepancies are addressed through a critical review of the existing literature, supplemented by the direct examination of specimens, including type or voucher specimens, deposited within scientific collections. Additionally, we provide data on the DNA sequences of individual taxa. The compiled list comprises records of 358 monogenean species, including 270 valid species and 88 taxa identified at the family or generic level, all reported across 145 host species in Peru. Predominantly, these parasitic species exhibit associations within fish, with 335 infecting teleosts and 20 affecting chondrichthyans. Three monogenean species have been documented as infecting amphibians, namely Mesopolystoma samiriensis, Polistoma sp. and Wetapolystoma almae. Among the monogeneans reported, 141 were found in marine environments and 214 in freshwater environments. The most diverse families were Dactylogyridae and Diplectanidae, comprising 217 and 24 species, respectively. The hosts that harbored the highest number of monogeneans were Pygocentrus nattereri (with 23 species), followed by Stellifer minor (13 spp.) and Triportheus angulatus (11 spp.). We detected many species that do not have any material deposited in a scientific collection due to the loss or deactivation of the collection. These findings represent only a fraction of the potential diversity, considering the wide variety of aquatic vertebrate hosts inhabiting the tropical and subtropical regions of Peru.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Angel Santillán
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados, Departamento Académico de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Universitaria Cruce con Av. Venezuela Cuadra 34, Lima 15081, Peru;
| | - Celso Luis Cruces
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP), Av. Alfredo Benavides 5440 Santiago de Surco, Lima 15039, Peru; (C.L.C.); (M.Q.)
| | - Gloria M. Sáez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología General y Especializada, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal (UNFV), Lima 15007, Peru;
| | - Rosa Martínez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Parasitología de Fauna Silvestre y Zoonosis, Departamento Académico de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Universitaria cruce con Av. Venezuela Cuadra 34, Lima 15081, Peru; (R.M.-R.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Aarón Mondragón-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Parasitología de Fauna Silvestre y Zoonosis, Departamento Académico de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Universitaria cruce con Av. Venezuela Cuadra 34, Lima 15081, Peru; (R.M.-R.); (A.M.-M.)
| | - Germán Augusto Murrieta Morey
- Laboratorio de Parasitología y Sanidad Acuícola, Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Iquitos 16001, Peru
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCA), Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (UEMA), São Luis 65055-970, Brazil
| | - Mauro Quiñones
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Ricardo Palma (URP), Av. Alfredo Benavides 5440 Santiago de Surco, Lima 15039, Peru; (C.L.C.); (M.Q.)
| | - José Luis Luque
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, Brazil;
| | - Jhon Darly Chero
- Laboratorio de Zoología de Invertebrados, Departamento Académico de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Av. Universitaria Cruce con Av. Venezuela Cuadra 34, Lima 15081, Peru;
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Beer A, Burns E, Randhawa HS. Natural history collections: collaborative opportunities and important sources of information about helminth biodiversity in New Zealand. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2022.2067190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haseeb S. Randhawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- South Atlantic Environmental Research Institute, Stanley, Falkland Islands
- New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, Canada
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Ashrafi K, Sharifdini M, Darjani A, Brant SV. Migratory routes, domesticated birds and cercarial dermatitis: the distribution of Trichobilharzia franki in Northern Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:4. [PMID: 33433322 PMCID: PMC7802520 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: One of the major migration routes for birds going between Europe and Asia is the Black Sea-Mediterranean route that converges on the Volga Delta, continuing into the area of the Caspian Sea. Cercarial dermatitis is a disorder in humans caused by schistosome trematodes that use aquatic birds and snails as hosts and is prevalent in areas of aquaculture in Northern Iran. Before the disorder can be addressed, it is necessary to determine the etiological agents and their host species. This study aimed to document whether domestic mallards are reservoir hosts and if so, to characterize the species of schistosomes. Previous work has shown that domestic mallards are reservoir hosts for a nasal schistosome. Results: In 32 of 45 domestic mallards (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) (71.1%), the schistosome Trichobilharzia franki, previously reported only from Europe, was found in visceral veins. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed the species designation. These findings extend the range of T. franki from Europe to Eurasia. Conclusion: The occurrence of cercarial dermatitis in Iran is high in areas of aquaculture. Previous studies in the area have shown that domestic mallards are reservoir hosts of T. regenti, a nasal schistosome and T. franki, as shown in this study. The genetic results support the conclusion that populations of T. franki from Iran are not differentiated from populations in Europe. Therefore, the schistosomes are distributed with their migratory duck hosts, maintaining the gene flow across populations with compatible snail hosts in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyhan Ashrafi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41996-13776, Iran
| | - Meysam Sharifdini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41996-13776, Iran
| | - Abbas Darjani
- Skin Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht 41996-13776, Iran
| | - Sara V Brant
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Parasites, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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Bouguerche C, Tazerouti F, Gey D, Justine JL. No vagina, one vagina, or multiple vaginae? An integrative study of Pseudaxine trachuri (Monogenea, Gastrocotylidae) leads to a better understanding of the systematics of Pseudaxine and related genera. Parasite 2020; 27:50. [PMID: 32808922 PMCID: PMC7433403 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence/absence and number of vaginae is a major characteristic for the systematics of the Monogenea. Three gastrocotylid genera share similar morphology and anatomy but are distinguished by this character: Pseudaxine Parona & Perugia, 1890 has no vagina, Allogastrocotyle Nasir & Fuentes Zambrano, 1983 has two vaginae, and Pseudaxinoides Lebedev, 1968 has multiple vaginae. In the course of a study of Pseudaxine trachuri Parona & Perugia 1890, we found specimens with structures resembling "multiple vaginae"; we compared them with specimens without vaginae in terms of both morphology and molecular characterisitics (COI barcode), and found that they belonged to the same species. We also investigated the male copulatory organ (MCO) of this species, the accuracy of the original description of which is known to be a matter of debate. We found that the genital atrium is armed with 12 hooks arranged as a single circle and a central hollow stylet which is probably involved in traumatic insemination. We redescribed Pseudaxine trachuri based on newly collected specimens from off the coast of Algeria and Museum specimens from off France. Specimens from the type-host, Trachurus trachurus, were found to be similar, for both molecular sequences and morphology, to those found on Boops boops. We can therefore confirm, for the first time with molecular evidence, that B. boops is a host of this parasite. We consider that Pseudaxinoides was erected on the basis of an erroneous interpretation of structures which are not vaginae and, consequently, propose the transfer of most of its species to Pseudaxine, as P. australis (Lebedev, 1968) n. comb., P. bychowskyi (Lebedev, 1977) n. comb., P. caballeroi (Lebedev, 1977) n. comb., P. cariacoensis (Nasir & Fuentes-Zambrano, 1983) n. comb., and P. vietnamensis (Lebedev, Parukhin & Roitman, 1970) n. comb. We also propose Allogastrocotyle dillonhargisorum nom. nov. for Pseudaxine bivaginalis Dillon & Hargis, 1965 to avoid a secondary homonymy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahinez Bouguerche
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Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions – Génomes BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar 16111 Alger Algérie
| | - Fadila Tazerouti
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Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Environnement: Interactions – Génomes BP 32, El Alia Bab Ezzouar 16111 Alger Algérie
| | - Delphine Gey
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Service de Systématique Moléculaire, UMS 2700 CNRS, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités 43 Rue Cuvier, CP 26 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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UMR7245 MCAM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle 61, Rue Buffon, CP52 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Jean-Lou Justine
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Institut Systématique Évolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles 57 Rue Cuvier, CP 51 75231 Paris Cedex 05 France
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Cook
- Biology Department and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jessica E Light
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Laidemitt MR, Brant SV, Mutuku MW, Mkoji GM, Loker ES. The diverse echinostomes from East Africa: With a focus on species that use Biomphalaria and Bulinus as intermediate hosts. Acta Trop 2019; 193:38-49. [PMID: 30710531 PMCID: PMC6461134 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Echinostomes are a diverse group of digenetic trematodes that are globally distributed. The diversity of echinostomes in Africa remains largely unknown, particularly in analyses using molecular markers. Therefore, we were interested in the composition and host usage patterns of African echinostomes, especially those that also use schistosome transmitting snails as intermediate hosts. We collected adults and larval stages of echinostomes from 19 different localities in East Africa (1 locality in Uganda and 18 in Kenya). In this study we provide locality information, host use, museum vouchers, and genetic data for two loci (28S and nad1) from 98 samples of echinostomes from East Africa. Combining morphological features, host use information, and phylogenetic analyses we found 17 clades of echinostomes in East Africa. Four clades were found to use more than one genus of freshwater snails as their first intermediate hosts. We also determined at least partial life cycles (2 of the 3) of four clades using molecular markers. Of the 17 clades, 13 use Biomphalaria or Bulinus as a first intermediate host. The overlap in host usage creates opportunities for competition, including against human schistosomes. Thus, our study can be used as a foundation for future studies to ascertain the interactions between schistosomes and echinostomes in their respective intermediate hosts.
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Galbreath KE, Hoberg EP, Cook JA, Armién B, Bell KC, Campbell ML, Dunnum JL, Dursahinhan AT, Eckerlin RP, Gardner SL, Greiman SE, Henttonen H, Jiménez FA, Koehler AVA, Nyamsuren B, Tkach VV, Torres-Pérez F, Tsvetkova A, Hope AG. Building an integrated infrastructure for exploring biodiversity: field collections and archives of mammals and parasites. J Mammal 2019; 100:382-393. [PMID: 31043762 PMCID: PMC6479512 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Museum specimens play an increasingly important role in predicting the outcomes and revealing the consequences of anthropogenically driven disruption of the biosphere. As ecological communities respond to ongoing environmental change, host-parasite interactions are also altered. This shifting landscape of host-parasite associations creates opportunities for colonization of different hosts and emergence of new pathogens, with implications for wildlife conservation and management, public health, and other societal concerns. Integrated archives that document and preserve mammal specimens along with their communities of associated parasites and ancillary data provide a powerful resource for investigating, anticipating, and mitigating the epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary impacts of environmental perturbation. Mammalogists who collect and archive mammal specimens have a unique opportunity to expand the scope and impact of their field work by collecting the parasites that are associated with their study organisms. We encourage mammalogists to embrace an integrated and holistic sampling paradigm and advocate for this to become standard practice for museum-based collecting. To this end, we provide a detailed, field-tested protocol to give mammalogists the tools to collect and preserve host and parasite materials that are of high quality and suitable for a range of potential downstream analyses (e.g., genetic, morphological). Finally, we also encourage increased global cooperation across taxonomic disciplines to build an integrated series of baselines and snapshots of the changing biosphere. Los especímenes de museo desempeñan un papel cada vez más importante tanto en la descripción de los resultados de la alteración antropogénica de la biosfera como en la predicción de sus consecuencias. Dado que las comunidades ecológicas responden al cambio ambiental, también se alteran las interacciones hospedador-parásito. Este panorama cambiante de asociaciones hospedador-parásito crea oportunidades para la colonización de diferentes hospedadores y para la aparición de nuevos patógenos, con implicancias en la conservación y manejo de la vida silvestre, la salud pública y otras preocupaciones de importancia para la sociedad. Archivos integrados que documentan y preservan especímenes de mamíferos junto con sus comunidades de parásitos y datos asociados, proporcionan un fuerte recurso para investigar, anticipar y mitigar los impactos epidemiológicos, ecológicos y evolutivos de las perturbaciones ambientales. Los mastozoólogos que recolectan y archivan muestras de mamíferos, tienen una oportunidad única de ampliar el alcance e impacto de su trabajo de campo mediante la recolección de los parásitos que están asociados con los organismos que estudian. Alentamos a los mastozoólogos a adoptar un paradigma de muestreo integrado y holístico y abogamos para que esto se convierta en una práctica estándarizada de la obtención de muestras para museos. Con este objetivo, proporcionamos un protocolo detallado y probado en el campo para brindar a los mastozoólogos las herramientas para recolectar y preservar materiales de parásitos y hospedadores de alta calidad y adecuados para una gran variedad de análisis subsecuentes (e.g., genéticos, morfológicos, etc.). Finalmente, también abogamos por una mayor cooperación global entre las diversas disciplinas taxonómicas para construir una serie integrada de líneas de base y registros actuales de nuestra cambiante biosfera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt E Galbreath
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA
| | - Eric P Hoberg
- Biology Department and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, CERIA Building, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Biology Department and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, CERIA Building, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Blas Armién
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panama City, Panama
| | - Kayce C Bell
- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mariel L Campbell
- Biology Department and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, CERIA Building, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jonathan L Dunnum
- Biology Department and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, CERIA Building, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Altangerel T Dursahinhan
- Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, Division of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum, W Nebraska Hall University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ralph P Eckerlin
- Mathematics, Science and Engineering Division, Northern Virginia Community College, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - Scott L Gardner
- Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, Division of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum, W Nebraska Hall University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Stephen E Greiman
- Biology Department, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | | | - F Agustín Jiménez
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Anson V A Koehler
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Cnr Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Vasyl V Tkach
- Biology Department, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Fernando Torres-Pérez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Albina Tsvetkova
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution A.N. Severtsov RAS, Saratov Branch, Saratov, Russia
| | - Andrew G Hope
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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Ashrafi K, Nouroosta A, Sharifdini M, Mahmoudi MR, Rahmati B, Brant SV. Genetic diversity of an avian nasal schistosome causing cercarial dermatitis in the Black Sea-Mediterranean migratory route. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3821-3833. [PMID: 30343420 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study is part of an effort to document the diversity of avian schistosomes in ducks and snails in Northern Iran, a major flyway (Black Sea/Mediterranean) for migratory birds and where cercarial dermatitis (CD) is prevalent in rice growing areas. CD is an allergic skin reaction from schistosome trematodes that emerge from aquatic snails. Most CD cases are reported from recreational swimmers or aquaculture farmers. Much of the work on the epidemiology of CD has focused in recreational waters in the Americas and Europe, with fewer studies in aquaculture, particularly in Iran. The artificial environment at aquaculture sites support dense populations of snails that are hosts to schistosomes, as well as domestic ducks. Thus, are domestic ducks reservoir hosts of species of Trichobilharzia, one of the main etiological agents of CD in Northern Iran? This study focused on a survey of domestic ducks for the presence of the nasal schistosome, T. regenti, that has been reported widely in Europe. Trichobilharzia regenti were found in domestic ducks in the Guilan Province of Iran based on morphological and molecular analyses. The presence of this species in Northern Iran indicates that the domestic duck can serve as a reservoir host for this species and that one of the local snail species is likely the intermediate host. The continued study and surveillance of this species is important because it is a neuropathic schistosome that can use a diversity of bird definitive hosts and Radix snails that are widespread across Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyhan Ashrafi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Nouroosta
- Student Research Committee, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Meysam Sharifdini
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behnaz Rahmati
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sara V Brant
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Parasites, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, 1 University of New Mexico MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.
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10
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Malaney JL, Cook JA. A perfect storm for mammalogy: declining sample availability in a period of rapid environmental degradation. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Malaney
- Department of Biology and David Snyder Museum of Zoology, Austin Peay State University, Clarksville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph A Cook
- Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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11
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Verocai GG, Kutz SJ, Hoberg EP. Varestrongylus (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae), lungworms of ungulates: a phylogenetic framework based on comparative morphology. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2075-2083. [PMID: 29721655 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Varestrongylus Bhalerao, 1932 comprises ten valid lungworm species infecting wild and domestic ungulates from Eurasia and North America. Here, we present a phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus based on morphological characters in a broader context for the family Protostrongylidae and discuss species relationships and aspects of character evolution. Phylogenetic analysis of 25 structural attributes, including binary and multistate characters, among the 10 species of Varestrongylus resulted in one fully resolved most parsimonious tree (61 steps; consistency index = 0.672, retention index = 0.722, and consistency index excluding uninformative characters = 0.667). Varestrongylus forms a monophyletic clade and is the sister of Pneumostrongylus, supporting recognition of the subfamily Varestrongylinae. Monophyly for Varestrongylus is diagnosed by six unequivocal synapomorphies, all associated with structural characters of the copulatory system of males. Varestrongylus pneumonicus is basal, and sister to all other species within the genus, which form two subclades. The subclade I contains V. sagittatus + V. tuvae and V. qinghaiensis + V. longispiculatus. Subclade II contains V. alpenae, V. capricola, V. capreoli, and V. eleguneniensis + V. alces. Both subclades are diagnosed by two unambiguous synapomorphies. Highlighted is the continuing importance of phylogenetic assessments based on comparative morphology as a foundation to explore the structure of the biosphere across space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 510 D.W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Susan J Kutz
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Eric P Hoberg
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
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Momeni S, Najafi F, Naddaf SR, Zahabiun F, Hosseini M, Mohammadi Z, Aliabadian M, Mowlavi G. Infection of Afghan Pika (Ochotona rufescens) with Oxyurid Worms in Northeastern Iran. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jommid.6.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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Hoberg EP, Zarlenga DS. Evolution and Biogeography of Haemonchus contortus: Linking Faunal Dynamics in Space and Time. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2017; 93:1-30. [PMID: 27238001 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
History is the foundation that informs about the nuances of faunal assembly that are essential in understanding the dynamic nature of the host-parasite interface. All of our knowledge begins and ends with evolution, ecology and biogeography, as these interacting facets determine the history of biodiverse systems. These components, relating to Haemonchus, can inform about the complex history of geographical distribution, host association and the intricacies of host-parasite associations that are played out in physiological and behavioural processes that influence the potential for disease and our capacity for effective control in a rapidly changing world. Origins and evolutionary diversification among species of the genus Haemonchus and Haemonchus contortus occurred in a complex crucible defined by shifts in environmental structure emerging from cycles of climate change and ecological perturbation during the late Tertiary and through the Quaternary. A history of sequential host colonization associated with waves of dispersal bringing assemblages of ungulates from Eurasia into Africa and processes emerging from ecosystems in collision and faunal turnover defined the arena for radiation among 12 recognized species of Haemonchus. Among congeners, the host range for H. contortus is exceptionally broad, including species among artiodactyls of 40 genera representing 5 families (and within 12 tribes of Bovidae). Broad host range is dramatically reflected in the degree to which translocation, introduction and invasion with host switching, has characterized an expanding distribution over time in North America, South America, southern Eurasia, Australia and New Zealand, coincidental with agriculture, husbandry and global colonization by human populations driven particularly by European exploration after the 1500s. African origins in xeric to mesic habitats of the African savannah suggest that historical constraints linked to ecological adaptations (tolerances and developmental thresholds defined by temperature and humidity for larval stages) will be substantial determinants in the potential outcomes for widespread geographical and host colonization which are predicted to unfold over the coming century. Insights about deeper evolutionary events, ecology and biogeography are critical as understanding history informs us about the possible range of responses in complex systems under new regimes of environmental forcing, especially, in this case, ecological perturbation linked to climate change. A deeper history of perturbation is relevant in understanding contemporary systems that are now strongly structured by events of invasion and colonization. The relaxation of abiotic and biotic controls on the occurrence of H. contortus, coincidental with inception and dissemination of anthelmintic resistance may be synergistic, serving to exacerbate challenges to control parasites or to limit the socioeconomic impacts of infection that can influence food security and availability. Studies of haemonchine nematodes contribute directly to an expanding model about the nature of diversity and the evolutionary trajectories for faunal assembly among complex host-parasite systems across considerable spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Hoberg
- US National Parasite Collection and Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - D S Zarlenga
- Animal Parasitic Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD, United States
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Hoberg EP, Makarikov AA, Tkach VV, Meagher S, Nims TN, Eckerlin RP, Galbreath KE. Insights on the host associations and geographic distribution of Hymenolepis folkertsi (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) among rodents across temperate latitudes of North America. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4627-4638. [PMID: 27630100 PMCID: PMC5104796 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5255-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Synoptic data and an understanding of helminth parasite diversity among diverse rodent assemblages across temperate latitudes of North America remain remarkably incomplete. Renewed attention to comprehensive survey and inventory to establish the structure of biodiverse faunas is essential in providing indicators and proxies for identifying the outcomes of accelerating change linked to climate warming and anthropogenic forcing. Subsequent to the description of Hymenolepis folkertsi in the oldfield mouse, Peromyscus polionotus, additional specimens of hymenolepidids were collected or discovered in archived museum repositories from multiple species of deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus, Peromyscus leucopus), the golden mouse (Ochrotomys nuttalli), chipmunks (Tamias striatus, Tamias amoenus), the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), and tree squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis, Sciurus niger) from disjunct localities in the USA spanning southern Georgia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Wisconsin, and central Idaho. Specimens were largely consistent morphologically with the original description of H. folkertsi. Initial DNA sequence data, from a portion of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1, demonstrated intraspecific variation among three apparently geographically isolated populations attributed to H. folkertsi (uncorrected genetic distances of 2.7 % (Idaho and Michigan), 2.4 % (Virginia + Pennsylvania and Michigan), and 1.89 % (VA + PA and ID). Geography rather than host association explains the distribution and occurrence of H. folkertsi, and host colonization among deer mice, chipmunks, and other sciurids within regional sites is indicated. Genetic divergence revealed across localities for H. folkertsi suggests historically isolated populations, consistent with extended evolutionary and biogeographic trajectories among hymenolepidids and species of Peromyscus and Tamias in North America. Field inventory, that revealed these parasite populations, substantially alters our understanding of the distribution of diversity and provides insights about the nature of the complex relationships that serve to determine cestode faunas in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Hoberg
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Bldg 1180 BARC East, 10300, Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, USA.
| | - A A Makarikov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - V V Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, 58202, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - S Meagher
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, 61455, Macomb, IL, USA
| | - T N Nims
- Science Department, Perimeter College at Georgia State University, 239 Cedar Lane, 30014, Covington, GA, USA
| | - R P Eckerlin
- Mathematics, Science and Engineering Division, Northern Virginia Community College, 22003, Annandale, VA, USA
| | - K E Galbreath
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, 1401 Presque Isle Ave., 49855, Marquette, MI, USA
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Rothenburger JL, Hoberg E, Wagner B. First Report of Protechinostoma mucronisertulatum (Echinostomatidae) in a Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) from Saskatchewan, Canada. COMP PARASITOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-83.1.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Rothenburger
- Department of Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5B4 (e-mail: )
| | - Eric Hoberg
- United States National Parasite Collection, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville Area Research Center, BARC East 1180, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, U.S.A. (e-mail: )
| | - Brent Wagner
- Department of Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5B4 (e-mail: )
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Galbreath KE, Hoberg EP. Host responses to cycles of climate change shape parasite diversity across North America's Intermountain West. FOLIA ZOOLOGICA 2015. [DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v64.i3.a4.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt E. Galbreath
- Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, 1401 Presque Isle Ave, Marquette, MI 49855, U.S.A.
| | - Eric P. Hoberg
- United States National Parasite Collection, ARS USDA, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, BARC East 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.
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Makarikov AA, Nims TN, Galbreath KE, Hoberg EP. Hymenolepis folkertsi n. sp. (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae) in the oldfield mouse Peromyscus polionotus (Wagner) (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Neotominae) from the southeastern Nearctic with comments on tapeworm faunal diversity among deer mice. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2107-17. [PMID: 25762188 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A previously unrecognized species of hymenolepidid cestode attributable to Hymenolepis is described based on specimens in Peromyscus polionotus, oldfield mouse, from Georgia near the southeastern coast of continental North America. Specimens of Hymenolepis folkertsi n. sp. differ from those attributed to most other species in the genus by having testes arranged in a triangle and a scolex with a prominent rostrum-like protrusion. The newly recognized species is further distinguished by the relative position and length of the cirrus sac, shape of seminal receptacle, and relative size of external seminal vesicle and seminal receptacle. Hymenolepidid cestodes have sporadically been reported among the highly diverse assemblage of Peromyscus which includes 56 distinct species in the Nearctic. Although the host genus has a great temporal duration and is endemic to the Nearctic, current evidence suggests that tapeworm faunal diversity reflects relatively recent assembly through bouts of host switching among other cricetid, murid, and geomyid rodents in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseny A Makarikov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630091,
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Abrahamson BL. Tracking changes in natural history collections utilization: A case study at the Museum of Southwestern Biology at the University of New Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.14351/0831-4985-29.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNatural history collections (NHCs) are used in many fields of study, but general knowledge regarding their uses is poor. Because of this, funding and support for NHCs frequently fluctuate. One way in which collections professionals can illustrate a collection’s contribution to a variety of fields is based on the collection’s history of use. Tracking NHC utilization through time can increase NHC value to others outside of the collection, allow for the analysis of changes in specimen-based research trends, and assist in effective collection management. This case study focuses on NHC usage records held by the Museum of Southwestern Biology (MSB), a currently growing university collection used in many research fields, and presents methods for quantifying collections utilization through time. Through an exploration of these data, this paper illustrates MSB’s growth and changes in research produced over time and offers explanations for the changes observed. Last, this study provides suggestions for how collections professionals can most greatly benefit from considering NHC records as a data source. Understanding NHC usage from “the collection’s perspective” provides a new way for NHC professionals to understand NHCs’ value in the context of the research it supports and demonstrates the importance of this key infrastructure to a broader audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L. Abrahamson
- University of New Mexico, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Arthropods, MSC03 2020, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
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Horák P, Mikeš L, Lichtenbergová L, Skála V, Soldánová M, Brant SV. Avian schistosomes and outbreaks of cercarial dermatitis. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:165-90. [PMID: 25567226 PMCID: PMC4284296 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00043-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is a condition caused by infective larvae (cercariae) of a species-rich group of mammalian and avian schistosomes. Over the last decade, it has been reported in areas that previously had few or no cases of dermatitis and is thus considered an emerging disease. It is obvious that avian schistosomes are responsible for the majority of reported dermatitis outbreaks around the world, and thus they are the primary focus of this review. Although they infect humans, they do not mature and usually die in the skin. Experimental infections of avian schistosomes in mice show that in previously exposed hosts, there is a strong skin immune reaction that kills the schistosome. However, penetration of larvae into naive mice can result in temporary migration from the skin. This is of particular interest because the worms are able to migrate to different organs, for example, the lungs in the case of visceral schistosomes and the central nervous system in the case of nasal schistosomes. The risk of such migration and accompanying disorders needs to be clarified for humans and animals of interest (e.g., dogs). Herein we compiled the most comprehensive review of the diversity, immunology, and epidemiology of avian schistosomes causing cercarial dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Horák
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Mikeš
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Lichtenbergová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Skála
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Soldánová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sara Vanessa Brant
- Museum Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Verocai GG, Hoberg EP, Vikøren T, Handeland K, Ytrehus B, Rezansoff AM, Davidson RK, Gilleard JS, Kutz SJ. Resurrection and redescription of Varestrongylus alces (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae), a lungworm of the Eurasian moose (Alces alces), with report on associated pathology. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:557. [PMID: 25518921 PMCID: PMC4326405 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0557-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varestrongylus alces, a lungworm in Eurasian moose from Europe has been considered a junior synonym of Varestrongylus capreoli, in European roe deer, due to a poorly detailed morphological description and the absence of a type-series. METHODS Specimens used in the redescription were collected from lesions in the lungs of Eurasian moose, from Vestby, Norway. Specimens were described based on comparative morphology and integrated approaches. Molecular identification was based on PCR, cloning and sequencing of the ITS-2 region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis compared V. alces ITS-2 sequences to these of other Varestrongylus species and other protostrongylids. RESULTS Varestrongylus alces is resurrected for protostrongylid nematodes of Eurasian moose from Europe. Varestrongylus alces causes firm nodular lesions that are clearly differentiated from the adjacent lung tissue. Histologically, lesions are restricted to the parenchyma with adult, egg and larval parasites surrounded by multinucleated giant cells, macrophages, eosinophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes. The species is valid and distinct from others referred to Varestrongylus, and should be separated from V. capreoli. Morphologically, V. alces can be distinguished from other species by characters in the males that include a distally bifurcated gubernaculum, arched denticulate crura, spicules that are equal in length and relatively short, and a dorsal ray that is elongate and bifurcated. Females have a well-developed provagina, and are very similar to those of V. capreoli. Morphometrics of first-stage larvae largely overlap with those of other Varestrongylus. Sequences of the ITS-2 region strongly support mutual independence of V. alces, V. cf. capreoli, and the yet undescribed species of Varestrongylus from North American ungulates. These three taxa form a well-supported crown-clade as the putative sister of V. alpenae. The association of V. alces and Alces or its ancestors is discussed in light of host and parasite phylogeny and host historical biogeography. CONCLUSIONS Varestrongylus alces is a valid species, and should be considered distinct from V. capreoli. Phylogenetic relationships among Varestrongylus spp. from Eurasia and North America are complex and consistent with faunal assembly involving recurrent events of geographic expansion, host switching and subsequent speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme G Verocai
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Eric P Hoberg
- US Department of Agriculture, United States National Parasite Collection, Agricultural Research Service, BARC East No. 1180, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA.
| | - Turid Vikøren
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, N-0454, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kjell Handeland
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, N-0454, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørnar Ytrehus
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, N-0454, Oslo, Norway.
- Present address: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, P.O. box 5685, Sluppen, N-7485, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Andrew M Rezansoff
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Rebecca K Davidson
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, N-0454, Oslo, Norway.
- Present address: Norwegian Defence Research Institute, Postboks 25, 2027, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - John S Gilleard
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Susan J Kutz
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative - Alberta Node, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Hoberg EP, Agosta SJ, Boeger WA, Brooks DR. An integrated parasitology: revealing the elephant through tradition and invention. Trends Parasitol 2014; 31:128-33. [PMID: 25488772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of parasitology contributes to the elucidation of patterns and processes in evolution, ecology, and biogeography that are of fundamental importance across the biosphere, leading to a thorough understanding of biodiversity and varied responses to global change. Foundations from taxonomic and systematic information drive biodiversity discovery and foster considerable infrastructure and integration of research programs. Morphological, physiological, behavioral, life-history, and molecular data can be synthesized to discover and describe global parasite diversity, in a timely manner. In fully incorporating parasitology in policies for adaptation to global change, parasites and their hosts should be archived and studied within a newly emergent conceptual universe (the 'Stockholm Paradigm'), embracing the inherent complexity of host-parasite systems and improved explanatory power to understand biodiversity past, present, and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Hoberg
- US National Parasite Collection, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, BARC East No. 1180, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| | - Salvatore J Agosta
- Center for Environmental Studies and Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Walter A Boeger
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19073, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Brooks
- Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19073, Curitiba, PR 81531-980, Brazil
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Hugot JP, Gardner SL, Borba V, Araujo P, Leles D, Stock Da-Rosa ÁA, Dutra J, Ferreira LF, Araújo A. Discovery of a 240 million year old nematode parasite egg in a cynodont coprolite sheds light on the early origin of pinworms in vertebrates. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:486. [PMID: 25495824 PMCID: PMC4236488 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We report the discovery of a nematode parasite egg (Nemata: Oxyurida) from a coprolite closely associated with the remains of several species of Cynodontia, dated to 240 million years old. This finding is particularly significant because this is the oldest record of an oxyurid nematode yet discovered, and because the cynodonts are considered a stem-group of the mammals. Methods We extracted material from a fully mineralized coprolite by both scraping the surface, and removing fragments from its interior with clean dental instruments used a single time. A single drop of glycerol from a new vial was added as a clearing reagent. Each slide was sealed with wax and examined with an optical microscope at 100× to 400× magnification. Results From one coprolite, 550 slides were examined; from 275 of these slides, sediment was examined that was scraped from the surface of the coprolite, and from the other 275 slides, material was examined that was extracted from the interior of the coprolite. All microscopic structures encountered were photographed, measured, and identified when possible. Conclusions From the coprolite examined, we discovered an egg representing a new species of pinworm that, based on the egg structure, clearly places it in the family Heteroxynematidae. Nematodes of the order Oxyurida have very constrained life-histories, occurring only in animals that are not strictly carnivorous and also ingest large amounts of plant material. This fact enabled us to determine which species of cynodont, from several collected at the site in Brazil, are most likely the depositors of the coprolite, and therefore were the putative host of the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott L Gardner
- Harold W Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, W529 Nebraska Hall, Lincoln 685880514, NB, USA.
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Bell CJ, Mead JI. Not Enough Skeletons in the Closet: Collections-Based Anatomical Research in an Age of Conservation Conscience. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2014; 297:344-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Bell
- Jackson School of Geosciences; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin Texas
| | - Jim I. Mead
- Department of Geosciences and Center of Excellence in Paleontology; East Tennessee State University; Johnson City Tennessee
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Justine JL, Rahmouni C, Gey D, Schoelinck C, Hoberg EP. The monogenean which lost its clamps. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79155. [PMID: 24278118 PMCID: PMC3838368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectoparasites face a daily challenge: to remain attached to their hosts. Polyopisthocotylean monogeneans usually attach to the surface of fish gills using highly specialized structures, the sclerotized clamps. In the original description of the protomicrocotylid species Lethacotyle fijiensis, described 60 years ago, the clamps were considered to be absent but few specimens were available and this observation was later questioned. In addition, genera within the family Protomicrocotylidae have either clamps of the “gastrocotylid” or the “microcotylid” types; this puzzled systematists because these clamp types are characteristic of distinct, major groups. Discovery of another, new, species of the genus Lethacotyle, has allowed us to explore the nature of the attachment structures in protomicrocotylids. Lethacotyle vera n. sp. is described from the gills of the carangid Caranx papuensis off New Caledonia. It is distinguished from Lethacotyle fijiensis, the only other species of the genus, by the length of the male copulatory spines. Sequences of 28S rDNA were used to build a tree, in which Lethacotyle vera grouped with other protomicrocotylids. The identity of the host fish was confirmed with COI barcodes. We observed that protomicrocotylids have specialized structures associated with their attachment organ, such as lateral flaps and transverse striations, which are not known in other monogeneans. We thus hypothesized that the clamps in protomicrocotylids were sequentially lost during evolution, coinciding with the development of other attachment structures. To test the hypothesis, we calculated the surfaces of clamps and body in 120 species of gastrocotylinean monogeneans, based on published descriptions. The ratio of clamp surface: body surface was the lowest in protomicrocotylids. We conclude that clamps in protomicrocotylids are vestigial organs, and that occurrence of “gastrocotylid” and simpler “microcotylid” clamps within the same family are steps in an evolutionary sequence, leading to the absence of these attributes in species of Lethacotyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Lou Justine
- UMR 7138 “Systématique, Adaptation, Évolution”, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 51, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Chahrazed Rahmouni
- UMR 7138 “Systématique, Adaptation, Évolution”, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 51, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Gey
- UMS 2700 Service de Systématique moléculaire, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Schoelinck
- UMR 7138 “Systématique, Adaptation, Évolution”, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 51, Paris, France
- Molecular Biology, Aquatic Animal Health, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Moncton, Canada
| | - Eric P. Hoberg
- United States National Parasite Collection, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
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Brant SV, Loker ES. Discovery-based studies of schistosome diversity stimulate new hypotheses about parasite biology. Trends Parasitol 2013; 29:449-59. [PMID: 23849836 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review provides an update of ongoing efforts to expand our understanding of the diversity inherent within the Schistosomatidae, the parasites responsible for causing schistosomiasis and cercarial dermatitis. By revealing more of the species present, particularly among understudied avian schistosomes, we gain increased understanding of patterns of schistosome diversification, and their abilities to colonize new hosts and habitats. Schistosomes reveal a surprising ability to switch into new snail and vertebrate host species, into new intrahost habitats, and may adopt novel body forms in the process. Often these changes are not associated with deep splits or long branches in their phylogeny, suggesting some are of relatively recent origin. Several hypotheses prompted by the new observations are discussed, helping to focus thinking on processes influencing not only schistosome diversification but also their pathogenicity and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara V Brant
- Department of Biology, COBRE Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Division of Parasitology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Hoberg EP, Abrams A, Pilitt PA, Kutz SJ. Discovery and Description of the “Davtiani” Morphotype for Teladorsagia boreoarcticus (Trichostrongyloidea: Ostertagiinae) Abomasal Parasites In Muskoxen, Ovibos moschatus, and Caribou, Rangifer tarandus, from the North American Arctic: Implications for Parasite Faunal Diversity. J Parasitol 2012; 98:355-64. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-2898.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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27
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Justine JL, Briand MJ, Bray RA. A quick and simple method, usable in the field, for collecting parasites in suitable condition for both morphological and molecular studies. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:341-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-2845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Galbreath KE, Hoberg EP. Return to Beringia: parasites reveal cryptic biogeographic history of North American pikas. Proc Biol Sci 2012; 279:371-8. [PMID: 21676975 PMCID: PMC3223664 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional concepts of the Bering Land Bridge as a zone of predominantly eastward expansion from Eurasia and a staging area for subsequent colonization of lower latitudes in North America led to early inferences regarding biogeographic histories of North American faunas, many of which remain untested. Here we apply a host-parasite comparative phylogeographical (HPCP) approach to evaluate one such history, by testing competing biogeographic hypotheses for five lineages of host-specific parasites shared by the collared pika (Ochotona collaris) and American pika (Ochotona princeps) of North America. We determine whether the southern host species (O. princeps) was descended from a northern ancestor or vice versa. Three parasite phylogenies revealed patterns consistent with the hypothesis of a southern origin, which is corroborated by four additional parasite lineages restricted to O. princeps. This finding reverses the traditional narrative for the origins of North American pikas and highlights the role of dispersal from temperate North America into Beringia in structuring northern diversity considerably prior to the Holocene. By evaluating multiple parasite lineages simultaneously, the study demonstrates the power of HPCP for resolving complex biogeographic histories that are not revealed by characteristics of the host alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt E Galbreath
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Hoberg EP, Galbreath KE, Cook JA, Kutz SJ, Polley L. Northern host-parasite assemblages: history and biogeography on the borderlands of episodic climate and environmental transition. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2012; 79:1-97. [PMID: 22726642 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398457-9.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diversity among assemblages of mammalian hosts and parasites in northern terrestrial ecosystems was structured by a deep history of biotic and abiotic change that overlies a complex geographic arena. Since the Pliocene, Holarctic ecosystems assembled in response to shifting climates (glacial and interglacial stages). Cycles of episodic dispersal/isolation and diversification defined northern diversity on landscape to regional scales. Episodes of geographic expansion and colonisation linked Eurasia and North America across Beringia and drove macroevolutionary structure of host and parasite associations. Asynchronous dispersal from centres of origin in Eurasia into the Nearctic resulted in gradients in parasite diversity in the carnivoran, lagomorph, rodent and artiodactyl assemblages we reviewed. Recurrent faunal interchange and isolation in conjunction with episodes of host colonisation have produced a mosaic structure for parasite faunas and considerable cryptic diversity among nematodes and cestodes. Mechanisms of invasion and geographic colonisation leading to the establishment of complex faunal assemblages are equivalent in evolutionary and ecological time, as demonstrated by various explorations of diversity in these high-latitude systems. Our ability to determine historical responses to episodic shifts in global climate may provide a framework for predicting the cascading effects of contemporary environmental change.
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Makarikov AA, Gardner SL, Hoberg EP. New species of Arostrilepis (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae) in members of Cricetidae and Geomyidae (Rodentia) from the western Nearctic. J Parasitol 2011; 98:617-26. [PMID: 22097959 DOI: 10.1645/ge-2943.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract : Specimens originally identified as Arostrilepis horrida from the Nearctic are revised, contributing to the recognition of a complex of cryptic species distributed across the Holarctic region. Previously unrecognized species are described based on specimens in cricetid (Neotominae) and geomyid rodents. Arostrilepis mariettavogeae n. sp. in Peromyscus californicus from Monterey County, California and Arostrilepis schilleri n. sp. in Thomomys bulbivorus from Corvallis, Oregon are characterized. Consistent with recent studies defining diversity in the genus, form, size, and spination (pattern, shape, and size) of the cirrus are diagnostic; species are further distinguished by the relative position and length of the cirrus sac and arrangement of the testes. Species of Arostrilepis have not previously been described in rodents outside of the Arvicolinae or from localities in the Nearctic. These studies emphasize the need for routine deposition of archival specimens and information, from survey, ecological, and biogeographic studies, in museum collections to serve as self-correcting records for biodiversity at local, regional, and continental scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arseny A Makarikov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Str. 11, 630091 Novosibirsk, Russia.
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Justine JL, Beveridge I, Boxshall GA, Bray RA, Moravec F, Trilles JP, Whittington ID. An annotated list of parasites (Isopoda, Copepoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda and Nematoda) collected in groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in New Caledonia emphasizes parasite biodiversity in coral reef fish. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2011; 57:237-62. [PMID: 21344838 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2010.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Over a 7-year period, parasites have been collected from 28 species of groupers (Serranidae, Epinephelinae) in the waters off New Caledonia. Host-parasite and parasite-host lists are provided, with a total of 337 host-parasite combinations, including 146 parasite identifications at the species level. Results are included for isopods (5 species), copepods (19), monogeneans (56), digeneans (28), cestodes (12), and nematodes (12). When results are restricted to those 14 fish species for which more than five specimens were examined and to parasites identified at the species level, 109 host-parasite combinations were recorded, with 63 different species, of which monogeneans account for half (32 species), and an average of 4.5 parasite species per fish species. Digenean records were compared for 16 fish species shared with the study of Cribb et al. (2002); based on a total of 90 parasite records identified at the species level, New Caledonia has 17 new records and only seven species were already known from other locations. We hypothesize that the present results represent only a small part of the actual biodiversity, and we predict a biodiversity of 10 different parasite species and 30 host-parasite combinations per serranid. A comparison with a study on Heron Island (Queensland, Australia) by Lester and Sewell (1989) was attempted: of the four species of fish in common and in a total of 91 host-parasite combinations, only six parasites identified at the species level were shared. This suggests strongly that insufficient sampling impairs proper biogeographical or ecological comparisons. Probably only 3% of the parasite species of coral reef fish are already known in New Caledonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Lou Justine
- UMR 7138 Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57, rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.
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Davidson R, Simard M, Kutz SJ, Kapel CMO, Hamnes IS, Robertson LJ. Arctic parasitology: why should we care? Trends Parasitol 2011; 27:239-45. [PMID: 21419701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2011.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The significant impact on human and animal health from parasitic infections in tropical regions is well known, but parasites of medical and veterinary importance are also found in the Arctic. Subsistence hunting and inadequate food inspection can expose people of the Arctic to foodborne parasites. Parasitic infections can influence the health of wildlife populations and thereby food security. The low ecological diversity that characterizes the Arctic imparts vulnerability. In addition, parasitic invasions and altered transmission of endemic parasites are evident and anticipated to continue under current climate changes, manifesting as pathogen range expansion, host switching, and/or disease emergence or reduction. However, Arctic ecosystems can provide useful models for understanding climate-induced shifts in host-parasite ecology in other regions.
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Integrating molecular and morphological approaches for characterizing parasite cryptic species: implications for parasitology. Parasitology 2011; 138:1688-709. [DOI: 10.1017/s003118201000168x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYHerein we review theoretical and methodological considerations important for finding and delimiting cryptic species of parasites (species that are difficult to recognize using traditional systematic methods). Applications of molecular data in empirical investigations of cryptic species are discussed from an historical perspective, and we evaluate advantages and disadvantages of approaches that have been used to date. Developments concerning the theory and practice of species delimitation are emphasized because theory is critical to interpretation of data. The advantages and disadvantages of different molecular methodologies, including the number and kind of loci, are discussed relative to tree-based approaches for detecting and delimiting cryptic species. We conclude by discussing some implications that cryptic species have for research programmes in parasitology, emphasizing that careful attention to the theory and operational practices involved in finding, delimiting, and describing new species (including cryptic species) is essential, not only for fully characterizing parasite biodiversity and broader aspects of comparative biology such as systematics, evolution, ecology and biogeography, but to applied research efforts that strive to improve development and understanding of epidemiology, diagnostics, control and potential eradication of parasitic diseases.
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Durette-Desset MC, Galbreath KE, Hoberg EP. Discovery of New Ohbayashinema spp. (Nematoda: Heligmosomoidea) in Ochotona princeps and Ochotona cansus (Lagomorpha: Ochotonidae) From Western North America and Central Asia, with considerations of Historical Biogeography. J Parasitol 2010; 96:569-79. [DOI: 10.1645/ge-2397.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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