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Avalos-Padilla Y, Fernàndez-Busquets X. Nanotherapeutics against malaria: A decade of advancements in experimental models. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1943. [PMID: 38426407 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by different species of protists of the genus Plasmodium, remains among the most common causes of death due to parasitic diseases worldwide, mainly for children aged under 5. One of the main obstacles to malaria eradication is the speed with which the pathogen evolves resistance to the drug schemes developed against it. For this reason, it remains urgent to find innovative therapeutic strategies offering sufficient specificity against the parasite to minimize resistance evolution and drug side effects. In this context, nanotechnology-based approaches are now being explored for their use as antimalarial drug delivery platforms due to the wide range of advantages and tuneable properties that they offer. However, major challenges remain to be addressed to provide a cost-efficient and targeted therapeutic strategy contributing to malaria eradication. The present work contains a systematic review of nanotechnology-based antimalarial drug delivery systems generated during the last 10 years. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunuen Avalos-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Hu X, Zhao J, Zhao J, Yang E, Jia M. Genome-wide liver transcriptomic profiling of a malaria mouse model reveals disturbed immune and metabolic responses. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:40. [PMID: 36717945 PMCID: PMC9885691 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver is responsible for a range of functions in vertebrates, such as metabolism and immunity. In malaria, the liver plays a crucial role in the interaction between the parasite and host. Although malarial hepatitis is a common clinical complication of severe malaria, other malaria-related liver changes have been overlooked during the blood stage of the parasite life-cycle, in contrast to the many studies that have focused on parasite invasion of and replication in the liver during the hepatic stage of the parasite. METHODS A rodent model of malaria was established using Plasmodium yoelii strain 17XL, a lethal strain of rodent malaria, for liver transcriptomic profiling. RESULTS Differentially expressed messenger RNAs were associated with innate and adaptive immune responses, while differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs were enriched in the regulation of metabolism-related pathways, such as lipid metabolism. The coexpression network showed that host genes were related to cellular transport and tissue remodeling. Hub gene analysis of P. yoelii indicated that ubiquitination genes that were coexpressed with the host were evolutionarily conserved. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis yielded evidence of activated immune responses, aberrant metabolic processes and tissue remodeling changes in the livers of mice with malaria during the blood stage of the parasite, which provided a systematic outline of liver responses during Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jie Zhao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Junhui Zhao
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Ence Yang
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China ,grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Mozhi Jia
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191 China
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3
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Das A, Sahu W, Ojha DK, Reddy KS, Suar M. Comparative Analysis of Host Metabolic Alterations in Murine Malaria Models with Uncomplicated or Severe Malaria. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2261-2276. [PMID: 36169658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malaria varies in severity, with complications ranging from uncomplicated to severe malaria. Severe malaria could be attributed to peripheral hyperparasitemia or cerebral malaria. The metabolic interactions between the host and Plasmodium species are yet to be understood during these infections of varied pathology and severity. An untargeted metabolomics approach utilizing the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry platform has been used to identify the affected host metabolic pathways and associated metabolites in the serum of murine malaria models with uncomplicated malaria, hyperparasitemia, and experimental cerebral malaria. We report that mice with malaria share similar metabolic attributes like higher levels of bile acids, bile pigments, and steroid hormones that have been reported for human malaria infections. Moreover, in severe malaria, upregulated levels of metabolites like phenylalanine, histidine, valine, pipecolate, ornithine, and pantothenate, with decreased levels of arginine and hippurate, were observed. Metabolites of sphingolipid metabolism were upregulated in experimental cerebral malaria. Higher levels of 20-hydroxy-leukotriene B4 and epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acids were found in uncomplicated malaria, with lower levels observed for experimental cerebral malaria. Our study provides insights into host biology during different pathological stages of malaria disease and would be useful for the selection of animal models for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic interventions against malaria. The raw data files are available via MetaboLights with the identifier MTBLS4387.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Das
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed University), Bhubaneswar751024, India.,Technology Business Incubator, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed University), Bhubaneswar751024, India
| | - Welka Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed University), Bhubaneswar751024, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Ojha
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed University), Bhubaneswar751024, India
| | - K Sony Reddy
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed University), Bhubaneswar751024, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed University), Bhubaneswar751024, India.,Technology Business Incubator, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (Deemed University), Bhubaneswar751024, India
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4
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Salazar-Castañón VH, Juárez-Avelar I, Legorreta-Herrera M, Rodriguez-Sosa M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor contributes to immunopathogenesis during Plasmodium yoelii 17XL infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:968422. [PMID: 36093199 PMCID: PMC9449124 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.968422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a cytokine recognized regulator of the inflammatory immune response associated with several immune cells that produce inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and TNF-α. This study aimed to understand the effect of MIF on the immune response and pathogenesis during Plasmodium infection. Wild-type (Wt) and MIF knockout (Mif -/-) mice were intravenously infected with 1×103 Plasmodium yoelii (Py) 17XL-parasitized red blood cells. Our data showed that Py17XL-infected Wt mice died 11 days postinfection, while Mif -/- mice showed reduced parasitemia and an increase in their survival at day 11 up to 58%, importantly they succumb up to day 21 postinfection. The increased survival rate in Mif -/- mice was associated with less severe cachexia and anemia as a result of a mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile, high levels of IL-12, IL-17/IL-4, and IL-10 in serum; and high levels of IL-4 and IL-10, and low levels of IFN-γ in spleen cells compared to Py17XL infected Wt mice. Moreover, macrophages (Mφs) from Mif -/- mice exhibited higher concentrations of IL-10 and IL-12 and reduced levels of TNF-α and nitric oxide (NO) compared to Py17XL-infected Wt mice. These results demonstrate that MIF has an important role in regulating the immune response associated with host pathogenesis and lethality, which is relevant to consider in preventing/reducing complications in Plasmodium infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor H. Salazar-Castañón
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología en Moléculas de Interés Biológico, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Imelda Juárez-Avelar
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Legorreta-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Unidad de Investigación Química Computacional, Síntesis y Farmacología en Moléculas de Interés Biológico, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico,*Correspondence: Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa, ; Martha Legorreta-Herrera,
| | - Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Unidad de Investigación en Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Estado de México, Mexico,*Correspondence: Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa, ; Martha Legorreta-Herrera,
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Zhang H, Shen F, Yu J, Ge J, Sun Y, Fu H, Cheng Y. Plasmodium vivax Protein PvTRAg23 Triggers Spleen Fibroblasts for Inflammatory Profile and Reduces Type I Collagen Secretion via NF-κBp65 Pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:877122. [PMID: 35769479 PMCID: PMC9235351 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.877122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread human malaria parasite. The spleen is one of the most significant immune organs in the course of Plasmodium infection, and it contains splenic fibroblasts (SFs), which supports immunologic function by secreting type I collagen (collagen I). Plasmodium proteins have rarely been found to be involved in collagen alterations in the spleen during infection. Here, we selected the protein P. vivax tryptophan-rich antigen 23 (PvTRAg23), which is expressed by the spleen-dependent gene Pv-fam-a and is a member of the PvTRAgs family of export proteins, suggesting that it might have an effect on SFs. The protein specifically reduced the level of collagen I in human splenic fibroblasts (HSFs) and bound to cells with vimentin as receptors. However, such collagen changes were not mediated by binding to vimentin, but rather activating the NF-κBp65 pathway to produce inflammatory cytokines. Collagen impaired synthesis accompanied by extracellular matrix-related changes occurred in the spleen of mice infected with P. yoelii 17XNL. Overall, this study is the first one to report and verify the role of Plasmodium proteins on collagen in HSF in vitro. Results will contribute to further understanding of host spleen structural changes and immune responses after Plasmodium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangye Zhang
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feihu Shen
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Lianyungan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiali Yu
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jieyun Ge
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haitian Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Cheng,
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6
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Nguee SYT, Júnior JWBD, Epiphanio S, Rénia L, Claser C. Experimental Models to Study the Pathogenesis of Malaria-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899581. [PMID: 35677654 PMCID: PMC9168995 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is increasingly gaining recognition as a severe malaria complication because of poor prognostic outcomes, high lethality rate, and limited therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, invasive clinical studies are challenging to conduct and yields insufficient mechanistic insights. These limitations have led to the development of suitable MA-ARDS experimental mouse models. In patients and mice, MA-ARDS is characterized by edematous lung, along with marked infiltration of inflammatory cells and damage of the alveolar-capillary barriers. Although, the pathogenic pathways have yet to be fully understood, the use of different experimental mouse models is fundamental in the identification of mediators of pulmonary vascular damage. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge on endothelial activation, leukocyte recruitment, leukocyte induced-endothelial dysfunction, and other important findings, to better understand the pathogenesis pathways leading to endothelial pulmonary barrier lesions and increased vascular permeability. We also discuss how the advances in imaging techniques can contribute to a better understanding of the lung lesions induced during MA-ARDS, and how it could aid to monitor MA-ARDS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Yee Teng Nguee
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laurent Rénia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Carla Claser
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carla Claser,
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7
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Barinsky GL, Wassef DW, Povolotskiy R, Grube JG, Hsueh WD, Baredes S, Eloy JA. Time is Money: Relative Value Units and Operative Time in Otolaryngology. Laryngoscope 2020; 131:E395-E400. [PMID: 33270239 DOI: 10.1002/lary.28988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physician compensation for procedures is typically rooted in the work relative value unit (wRVU) system. Operative time is one of the factors that goes into the determination of wRVU assignment. There should be consistency between the wRVU/hr rate, irrespective of average operative time required to perform certain procedures. We investigate if wRVU assignment for otolaryngology procedures adequately accounts for increased operative time. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis of a surgical database. METHODS NSQIP was queried from 2015-2018 for the top 50 most frequently performed otolaryngology Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes completed as standalone procedures. Median operative time was determined for each CPT code, and wRVU/hr was calculated. Correlations between operative time, wRVU, and wRVU/hr were investigated using linear regression analysis. A secondary analysis using complication rate as an indicator for procedure complexity was performed to examine the relation between wRVUs and complication rates. RESULTS Fifty CPT codes containing 64,084 patients where only one code was reported were included in this analysis. The median operative time was 84 minutes, median wRVU was 11.23, and median wRVU/hour was 7.96. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between operative time and wRVU assignment (R2 = 0.805, P < .001). Further analysis found no correlation between operative time and wRVU/hr (R2 = 0.008, P = .525). Linear regression of wRVU/hr and complication rate showed a statistically significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.113, P = .017). CONCLUSION This analysis suggests that compensation for otolaryngology procedures is positively correlated with operative time. Surgeries where more than one code is reported could not be evaluated, thus excluding some common combination of procedures performed by otolaryngologists. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E395-E400, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Barinsky
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - David W Wassef
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Roman Povolotskiy
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Jordon G Grube
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Wayne D Hsueh
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.,Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Soly Baredes
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.,Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A
| | - Jean Anderson Eloy
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.,Center for Skull Base and Pituitary Surgery, Neurological Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.,Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A.,Department of Otolaryngology and Facial Plastic Surgery, Saint Barnabas Medical Center - RWJBarnabas Health, Livingston, New Jersey, U.S.A
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8
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Harding CL, Villarino NF, Valente E, Schwarzer E, Schmidt NW. Plasmodium Impairs Antibacterial Innate Immunity to Systemic Infections in Part Through Hemozoin-Bound Bioactive Molecules. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:328. [PMID: 32714882 PMCID: PMC7344233 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
One complication of malaria is increased susceptibility to invasive bacterial infections. Plasmodium infections impair host immunity to non-Typhoid Salmonella (NTS) through heme-oxygenase I (HO-I)-induced release of immature granulocytes and myeloid cell-derived IL-10. Yet, it is not known if these mechanisms are specific to NTS. We show here, that Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL (Py) infected mice had impaired clearance of systemic Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) during both acute parasitemia and up to 2 months after clearance of Py infected red blood cells that was independent of HO-I and IL-10. Py-infected mice were also susceptible to Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) bacteremia, a common malaria-bacteria co-infection, with higher blood and spleen bacterial burdens and decreased survival compared to naïve mice. Mechanistically, impaired immunity to Sp was independent of HO-I, but was dependent on Py-induced IL-10. Splenic phagocytes from Py infected mice exhibit an impaired ability to restrict growth of intracellular Lm, and neutrophils from Py-infected mice produce less reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to Lm or Sp. Analysis also identified a defect in a serum component in Py-infected mice that contributes to reduced production of ROS in response to Sp. Finally, treating naïve mice with Plasmodium-derived hemozoin containing naturally bound bioactive molecules, excluding DNA, impaired clearance of Lm. Collectively, we have demonstrated that Plasmodium infection impairs host immunity to diverse bacteria, including S. pneumoniae, through multiple effects on innate immunity, and that a parasite-specific factor (Hz+bound bioactive molecules) directly contributes to Plasmodium-induced suppression of antibacterial innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Harding
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Nicolas F Villarino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Elena Valente
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Nathan W Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.,Ryan White Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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9
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Rosenke K, Mercado-Hernandez R, Cronin J, Conteh S, Duffy P, Feldmann H, de Wit E. The Effect of Plasmodium on the Outcome of Ebola Virus Infection in a Mouse Model. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S434-S437. [PMID: 29878224 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, several studies investigated whether there was an effect of Plasmodium coinfection on survival in Ebola virus (EBOV) disease patients. Different effects of coinfection were found in different patient cohorts. To determine whether an effect of Plasmodium coinfection on EBOV survival may exist, we modeled coinfection of Plasmodium yoelii and mouse-adapted EBOV (MA-EBOV) in CD1 mice. Subsequent infection with MA-EBOV at different time points after P. yoelii infection did not have any significant effect on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, Montana
| | - Reinaldo Mercado-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, Montana
| | - Jacqueline Cronin
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, Montana
| | - Solomon Conteh
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID, NIH Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patrick Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID, NIH Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, Montana
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, Montana
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de Menezes MN, Salles ÉM, Vieira F, Amaral EP, Zuzarte-Luís V, Cassado A, Epiphanio S, Alvarez JM, Alves-Filho JC, Mota MM, D'Império-Lima MR. IL-1α promotes liver inflammation and necrosis during blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7575. [PMID: 31110285 PMCID: PMC6527574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria causes hepatic inflammation and damage, which contribute to disease severity. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1α is released by non-hematopoietic or hematopoietic cells during liver injury. This study established the role of IL-1α in the liver pathology caused by blood-stage P. chabaudi malaria. During acute infection, hepatic inflammation and necrosis were accompanied by NLRP3 inflammasome-independent IL-1α production. Systemically, IL-1α deficiency attenuated weight loss and hypothermia but had minor effects on parasitemia control. In the liver, the absence of IL-1α reduced the number of TUNEL+ cells and necrotic lesions. This finding was associated with a lower inflammatory response, including TNF-α production. The main source of IL-1α in the liver of infected mice was inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils. The implication of IL-1α in liver inflammation and necrosis caused by P. chabaudi infection, as well as in weight loss and hypothermia, opens up new perspectives for improving malaria outcomes by inhibiting IL-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flávia Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Zuzarte-Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Cassado
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Maria Alvarez
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Manuel Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Silva LS, Peruchetti DB, Silva-Aguiar RP, Abreu TP, Dal-Cheri BKA, Takiya CM, Souza MC, Henriques MG, Pinheiro AAS, Caruso-Neves C. The angiotensin II/AT1 receptor pathway mediates malaria-induced acute kidney injury. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203836. [PMID: 30204779 PMCID: PMC6133374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria-induced acute kidney injury (MAKI) is a life-threatening complication of severe malaria. Here, we investigated the potential role of the angiotensin II (Ang II)/AT1 receptor pathway in the development of MAKI. We used C57BL/6 mice infected by Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA-infected mice), a well-known murine model of severe malaria. The animals were treated with 20 mg/kg/day losartan, an antagonist of AT1 receptor, or captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. We observed an increase in the levels of plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen associated with a significant decrease in creatinine clearance, a marker of glomerular flow rate, and glomerular hypercellularity, indicating glomerular injury. PbA-infected mice also presented proteinuria and a high level of urinary γ-glutamyltransferase activity associated with an increase in collagen deposition and interstitial space, showing tubule-interstitial injury. PbA-infected mice were also found to have increased fractional excretion of sodium (FENa+) coupled with decreased cortical (Na++K+)ATPase activity. These injuries were associated with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-17, and interferon gamma, in the renal cortex of PbA-infected mice. All modifications of these structural, biochemical, and functional parameters observed in PbA-infected mice were avoided with simultaneous treatment with losartan or captopril. Our data allow us to postulate that the Ang II/AT1 receptor pathway mediates an increase in renal pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn leads to the glomerular and tubular injuries observed in MAKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S. Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo B. Peruchetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. Silva-Aguiar
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thiago P. Abreu
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz K. A. Dal-Cheri
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina M. Takiya
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana C. Souza
- Instituto de tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria G. Henriques
- Instituto de tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Acacia S. Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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12
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Salazar-Castañón VH, Juárez-Avelar I, Legorreta-Herrera M, Govezensky T, Rodriguez-Sosa M. Co-infection: the outcome of Plasmodium infection differs according to the time of pre-existing helminth infection. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2767-2784. [PMID: 29938323 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although helminth-Plasmodium coinfections are common in tropical regions, the implications of this co-existence for the host immune response are poorly understood. In order to understand the effect of helminth infection at different times of coinfection on the immune response against Plasmodium infection, BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally infected with Taenia crassiceps (Tc). At 2 (Tc2) or 8 (Tc8) weeks post-infection, mice were intravenously infected with 1 × 103 Plasmodium yoelii (Py) 17XL-parasitized red blood cells. Py 17XL-single-infected mice developed cachexia, splenomegaly, and anemia, and died at 11 days post-infection. Importantly, Tc2 + Py-coinfected mice showed increased survival of 58% on day 11, but developed pathology (cachexia and splenomegaly) and succumbed on day 18 post-coinfection, this latter associated with high levels of IL-1β and IL-12, and reduced IFN-γ in serum compared with Py 17XL-single-infected mice. Interestingly, Tc8 + Py-coinfected mice showed increased survival up to 80% on day 11 and succumbed on day 30 post-coinfection. This increased survival rate conferred by chronic helminth infection was associated with a decreased pathology and mixed inflammatory-type 1/anti-inflammatory-type 2 immune profile as evidenced by the production of high levels of IL-12 and IL-10, and reduced TNF-α from macrophages, high levels of IL-4 and IL-10, and low levels of IFN-γ from spleen cells. Also high serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10, but a significant reduction of IFN-γ were observed. Together, these data indicate that polarization of the cell-mediated response modulated by a pre-existing helminth infection differentially impacts on the host immune response to Py 17XL in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor H Salazar-Castañón
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Imelda Juárez-Avelar
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Martha Legorreta-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Molecular, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Batalla 5 de mayo s/n, Col. Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tzipe Govezensky
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autònoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Miriam Rodriguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Colonia Los Reyes Iztacala, C.P. 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.
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13
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Pereira MLM, Marinho CRF, Epiphanio S. Could Heme Oxygenase-1 Be a New Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Malaria-Associated Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:161. [PMID: 29868517 PMCID: PMC5964746 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a serious disease and was responsible for 429,000 deaths in 2015. Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is one of the main clinical complications of severe malaria; it is characterized by a high mortality rate and can even occur after antimalarial treatment when parasitemia is not detected. Rodent models of ALI/ARDS show similar clinical signs as in humans when the rodents are infected with murine Plasmodium. In these models, it was shown that the induction of the enzyme heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is protective against severe malaria complications, including cerebral malaria and ALI/ARDS. Increased lung endothelial permeability and upregulation of VEGF and other pro-inflammatory cytokines were found to be associated with malaria-associated ALI/ARDS (MA-ALI/ARDS), and both were reduced after HO-1 induction. Additionally, mice were protected against MA-ALI/ARDS after treatment with carbon monoxide- releasing molecules or with carbon monoxide, which is also released by the HO-1 activity. However, high HO-1 levels in inflammatory cells were associated with the respiratory burst of neutrophils and with an intensification of inflammation during episodes of severe malaria in humans. Here, we review the main aspects of HO-1 in malaria and ALI/ARDS, presenting the dual role of HO-1 and possibilities for therapeutic intervention by modulating this important enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo L M Pereira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio R F Marinho
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Moles E, Galiano S, Gomes A, Quiliano M, Teixeira C, Aldana I, Gomes P, Fernàndez-Busquets X. ImmunoPEGliposomes for the targeted delivery of novel lipophilic drugs to red blood cells in a falciparum malaria murine model. Biomaterials 2017; 145:178-191. [PMID: 28869864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Most drugs currently entering the clinical pipeline for severe malaria therapeutics are of lipophilic nature, with a relatively poor solubility in plasma and large biodistribution volumes. Low amounts of these compounds do consequently accumulate in circulating Plasmodium-infected red blood cells, exhibiting limited antiparasitic activity. These drawbacks can in principle be satisfactorily dealt with by stably encapsulating drugs in targeted nanocarriers. Here this approach has been adapted for its use in immunocompetent mice infected by the Plasmodium yoelii 17XL lethal strain, selected as a model for human blood infections by Plasmodium falciparum. Using immunoliposomes targeted against a surface protein characteristic of the murine erythroid lineage, the protocol has been applied to two novel antimalarial lipophilic drug candidates, an aminoquinoline and an aminoalcohol. Large encapsulation yields of >90% were obtained using a citrate-buffered pH gradient method and the resulting immunoliposomes reached in vivo erythrocyte targeting and retention efficacies of >80%. In P. yoelii-infected mice, the immunoliposomized aminoquinoline succeeded in decreasing blood parasitemia from severe to uncomplicated malaria parasite densities (i.e. from ≥25% to ca. 5%), whereas the same amount of drug encapsulated in non-targeted liposomes had no significant effect on parasite growth. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that this good performance was obtained with a rapid clearance of immunoliposomes from the circulation (blood half-life of ca. 2 h), suggesting a potential for improvement of the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Moles
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036, Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Galiano
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Campus Universitario, ES-31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Campus Universitario, ES-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 685, P-4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Quiliano
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Campus Universitario, ES-31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Campus Universitario, ES-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cátia Teixeira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 685, P-4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Aldana
- Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Salud Tropical (ISTUN), Campus Universitario, ES-31008, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Farmacia y Nutrición, Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Campus Universitario, ES-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 685, P-4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Xavier Fernàndez-Busquets
- Nanomalaria Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, ES-08028, Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), Rosselló 149-153, ES-08036, Barcelona, Spain; Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Institute (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, ES-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Glennon EKK, Adams LG, Hicks DR, Dehesh K, Luckhart S. Supplementation with Abscisic Acid Reduces Malaria Disease Severity and Parasite Transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:1266-75. [PMID: 27001761 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly half of the world's population is at risk for malaria. Increasing drug resistance has intensified the need for novel therapeutics, including treatments with intrinsic transmission-blocking properties. In this study, we demonstrate that the isoprenoid abscisic acid (ABA) modulates signaling in the mammalian host to reduce parasitemia and the formation of transmissible gametocytes and in the mosquito host to reduce parasite infection. Oral ABA supplementation in a mouse model of malaria was well tolerated and led to reduced pathology and enhanced gene expression in the liver and spleen consistent with infection recovery. Oral ABA supplementation also increased mouse plasma ABA to levels that can signal in the mosquito midgut upon blood ingestion. Accordingly, we showed that supplementation of a Plasmodium falciparum-infected blood meal with ABA increased expression of mosquito nitric oxide synthase and reduced infection prevalence in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. Identification of the mechanisms whereby ABA reduces parasite growth in mammals and mosquitoes could shed light on the balance of immunity and metabolism across eukaryotes and provide a strong foundation for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K K Glennon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - L Garry Adams
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Derrick R Hicks
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Shirley Luckhart
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California; Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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16
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Dvorakova-Hortova K, Sidlova A, Ded L, Hladovcova D, Vieweg M, Weidner W, Steger K, Stopka P, Paradowska-Dogan A. Toxoplasma gondii decreases the reproductive fitness in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96770. [PMID: 24940596 PMCID: PMC4062421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a common protozoan parasite that infects warm-blooded animals throughout the world, including mice and humans. During infection, both, the parasite and the host, utilize various mechanisms to maximize their own reproductive success. Mice and humans are both the intermediate hosts for Toxoplasma gondii, which forms specialized vacuoles containing reproductive cysts in the formers' tissue. As half of the human population is infected, developing a disease called toxoplasmosis, along with an ever-growing number of couples suffering with idiopathic infertility, it is therefore surprising that there is a lack of research on how Toxoplasma gondii can alter reproductive parameters. In this study, a detailed histometric screening of the testicular function along with the levels of the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) were analysed in infected mice. Data on relative testis and epididymis weight, and sperm count were also collected. Based on the results obtained, the level of LH in the urine of Toxoplasma gondii infected mice was lower compared to the control. In direct correlation with the hormone level, testicular function and sperm production was also significantly lower in Toxoplasma gondii positive group using sperm count and histometric analysis as a marker. Not only were the number of leptotene primary spermatocytes and spermatids lowered, but the number of Sertoli cells and the tubule diameter were elevated. In parallel, a pilot epigenetic study on global testicular methylation, and specific methylation of Crem, Creb1 and Hspa1genes essential for successfully ongoing spermatogenesis was performed. Global methylation was elevated in Toxoplasma infected mice, and differences in the DNA methylation of selected genes were detected between the Toxoplasma positive and control group. These findings demonstrate a direct relation between Toxoplasma gondii infection and the decrease of male reproductive fitness in mice, which may contribute to an increase of idiopathic infertility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Dvorakova-Hortova
- Biocev Group, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adela Sidlova
- Biocev Group, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Ded
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Hladovcova
- Biocev Group, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markus Vieweg
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Weidner
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Steger
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Pavel Stopka
- Biocev Group, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Paradowska-Dogan
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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17
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Brugat T, Cunningham D, Sodenkamp J, Coomes S, Wilson M, Spence PJ, Jarra W, Thompson J, Scudamore C, Langhorne J. Sequestration and histopathology in Plasmodium chabaudi malaria are influenced by the immune response in an organ-specific manner. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:687-700. [PMID: 24003897 PMCID: PMC4234010 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the malaria parasite, Plasmodium, is associated with a strong inflammatory response and parasite cytoadhesion (sequestration) in several organs. Here, we have carried out a systematic study of sequestration and histopathology during infection of C57Bl/6 mice with Plasmodium chabaudi AS and determined the influence of the immune response. This parasite sequesters predominantly in liver and lung, but not in the brain, kidney or gut. Histopathological changes occur in multiple organs during the acute infection, but are not restricted to the organs where sequestration takes place. Adaptive immunity, and signalling through the IFNγ receptor increased sequestration and histopathology in the liver, but not in the lung, suggesting that there are differences in the adhesion molecules and/or parasite ligands utilized and mechanisms of pathogenesis in these two organs. Exacerbation of pro-inflammatory responses during infection by deletion of the il10 gene resultsin the aggravation of damage to lung and kidney irrespective of the degree of sequestration. The immune response therefore affected both sequestration and histopathology in an organ-specific manner. P. chabaudi AS provides a good model to investigate the influence of the host response on the sequestration and specific organ pathology, which is applicable to human malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Brugat
- Division of Parasitology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research, London, NW7 1AA, UK
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18
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Karadjian G, Berrebi D, Dogna N, Vallarino-Lhermitte N, Bain O, Landau I, Martin C. Co-infection restrains Litomosoides sigmodontis filarial load and plasmodial P. yoelii but not P. chabaudi parasitaemia in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:16. [PMID: 24717449 PMCID: PMC3980669 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2014017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Infection with multiple parasite species is clearly the norm rather than the exception, in animals as well as in humans. Filarial nematodes and Plasmodium spp. are important parasites in human public health and they are often co-endemic. Interactions between these parasites are complex. The mechanisms underlying the modulation of both the course of malaria and the outcome of filarial infection are poorly understood. Despite increasing activity in recent years, studies comparing co- and mono-infections are very much in their infancy and results are contradictory at first sight. In this study we performed controlled and simultaneous co-infections of BALB/c mice with Litomosoides sigmodontis filaria and with Plasmodium spp. (Plasmodium yoelii 17 XNL or Plasmodium chabaudi 864VD). An analysis of pathological lesions in the kidneys and lungs and a parasitological study were conducted at different times of infection. Whatever the plasmodial species, the filarial recovery rate was strongly decreased. The peak of parasitaemia in the plasmodial infection was decreased in the course of P. yoelii infection but not in that of P. chabaudi. Regarding pathological lesions, L. sigmodontis can reverse lesions in the kidneys due to the presence of both Plasmodium species but does not modify the course of pulmonary lesions. The filarial infection induces granulomas in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Karadjian
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, CP 52, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique Berrebi
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologique, Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris France, and EA3102, Université Paris 7, France
| | - Nathalie Dogna
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, CP 52, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Nathaly Vallarino-Lhermitte
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, CP 52, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Odile Bain
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, CP 52, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Irène Landau
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, CP 52, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Coralie Martin
- UMR 7245 MCAM MNHN CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, CP 52, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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19
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Frevert U, Nacer A, Cabrera M, Movila A, Leberl M. Imaging Plasmodium immunobiology in the liver, brain, and lung. Parasitol Int 2013; 63:171-86. [PMID: 24076429 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is responsible for the deaths of over half a million African children annually. Until a decade ago, dynamic analysis of the malaria parasite was limited to in vitro systems with the typical limitations associated with 2D monocultures or entirely artificial surfaces. Due to extremely low parasite densities, the liver was considered a black box in terms of Plasmodium sporozoite invasion, liver stage development, and merozoite release into the blood. Further, nothing was known about the behavior of blood stage parasites in organs such as the brain where clinical signs manifest and the ensuing immune response of the host that may ultimately result in a fatal outcome. The advent of fluorescent parasites, advances in imaging technology, and availability of an ever-increasing number of cellular and molecular probes have helped illuminate many steps along the pathogenetic cascade of this deadly tropical parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Frevert
- Division of Medical Parasitology, Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 E 25 Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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20
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Waknine-Grinberg JH, Even-Chen S, Avichzer J, Turjeman K, Bentura-Marciano A, Haynes RK, Weiss L, Allon N, Ovadia H, Golenser J, Barenholz Y. Glucocorticosteroids in nano-sterically stabilized liposomes are efficacious for elimination of the acute symptoms of experimental cerebral malaria. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72722. [PMID: 23991146 PMCID: PMC3753236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is the most severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection, and a leading cause of death in children under the age of five in malaria-endemic areas. We report high therapeutic efficacy of a novel formulation of liposome-encapsulated water-soluble glucocorticoid prodrugs, and in particular β-methasone hemisuccinate (BMS), for treatment of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), using the murine P. berghei ANKA model. BMS is a novel derivative of the potent steroid β-methasone, and was specially synthesized to enable remote loading into nano-sterically stabilized liposomes (nSSL), to form nSSL-BMS. The novel nano-drug, composed of nSSL remote loaded with BMS, dramatically improves drug efficacy and abolishes the high toxicity seen upon administration of free BMS. nSSL-BMS reduces ECM rates in a dose-dependent manner and creates a survival time-window, enabling administration of an antiplasmodial drug, such as artemisone. Administration of artemisone after treatment with the nSSL-BMS results in complete cure. Treatment with BMS leads to lower levels of cerebral inflammation, demonstrated by changes in cytokines, chemokines, and cell markers, as well as diminished hemorrhage and edema, correlating with reduced clinical score. Administration of the liposomal formulation results in accumulation of BMS in the brains of sick mice but not of healthy mice. This steroidal nano-drug effectively eliminates the adverse effects of the cerebral syndrome even when the treatment is started at late stages of disease, in which disruption of the blood-brain barrier has occurred and mice show clear signs of neurological impairment. Overall, sequential treatment with nSSL-BMS and artemisone may be an efficacious and well-tolerated therapy for prevention of CM, elimination of parasites, and prevention of long-term cognitive damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith H. Waknine-Grinberg
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Simcha Even-Chen
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jasmine Avichzer
- Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Keren Turjeman
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Annael Bentura-Marciano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Richard K. Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Technology for Drug Discovery and Synthesis, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lola Weiss
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cancer Immunotherapy, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nahum Allon
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Haim Ovadia
- Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Golenser
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechezkel Barenholz
- Laboratory of Membrane and Liposome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Medical Research – Israel-Canada (IMRIC), The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail: (YB), (JG)
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21
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Pathogenesis of malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Trends Parasitol 2013; 29:346-58. [PMID: 23742967 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (MA-ARDS) is an increasingly reported, often lethal, and incompletely understood complication of malaria. We discuss and compare the pathogenesis of MA-ARDS in patients and in different murine models, including recent models without cerebral involvement, and summarize the roles of different leukocyte subclasses, adhesion molecules, cytokines, and chemokines. In patients as well as in mice, severe edema and impaired gas exchange are associated with abundant inflammatory infiltrates consisting of mainly mononuclear cells and parasite sequestration, and the pathogenesis appears different from cerebral malaria (CM). Experimental anti-inflammatory interventions are successful in mice and remain to be validated in patients.
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