1
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Patel A, Rosenke K, Parzych EM, Feldmann F, Bharti S, Griffin AJ, Schouest B, Lewis M, Choi J, Chokkalingam N, Machado V, Smith BJ, Frase D, Ali AR, Lovaglio J, Nguyen B, Hanley PW, Walker SN, Gary EN, Kulkarni A, Generotti A, Francica JR, Rosenthal K, Kulp DW, Esser MT, Smith TRF, Shaia C, Weiner DB, Feldmann H. In vivo delivery of engineered synthetic DNA-encoded SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies for pre-exposure prophylaxis in non-human primates. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2294860. [PMID: 38165394 PMCID: PMC10903752 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2294860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 remains a major public health concern. Monoclonal antibodies have received emergency use authorization (EUA) for pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 among high-risk groups for treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. In addition to recombinant biologics, engineered synthetic DNA-encoded antibodies (DMAb) are an important strategy for direct in vivo delivery of protective mAb. A DMAb cocktail was synthetically engineered to encode the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains of two different two different Fc-engineered anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The DMAbs were designed to enhance in vivo expression and delivered intramuscularly to cynomolgus and rhesus macaques with a modified in vivo delivery regimen. Serum levels were detected in macaques, along with specific binding to SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain protein and neutralization of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in pseudovirus and authentic live virus assays. Prophylactic administration was protective in rhesus macaques against signs of SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020) associated disease in the lungs. Overall, the data support further study of DNA-encoded antibodies as an additional delivery mode for prevention of COVID-19 severe disease. These data have implications for human translation of gene-encoded mAbs for emerging infectious diseases and low dose mAb delivery against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Parzych
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Suman Bharti
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amanda J. Griffin
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Matt Lewis
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jihae Choi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neethu Chokkalingam
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Brian J. Smith
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Drew Frase
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali R. Ali
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Brian Nguyen
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Susanne N. Walker
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ebony N. Gary
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhijeet Kulkarni
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Joseph R. Francica
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kim Rosenthal
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Daniel W. Kulp
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark T. Esser
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - David B. Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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2
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Port JR, Riopelle JC, Smith SG, Myers L, Kaiser FK, Lewis MC, Gallogly S, Okumura A, Bushmaker T, Schulz JE, Rosenke R, Prado-Smith J, Carmody A, Bane S, Smith BJ, Saturday G, Feldmann H, Rosenke K, Munster VJ. Infection with mpox virus via the genital mucosae increases shedding and transmission in the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis). Nat Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41564-024-01666-1. [PMID: 38649413 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The 2022 mpox virus (MPXV) outbreak was sustained by human-to-human transmission; however, it is currently unclear which factors lead to sustained transmission of MPXV. Here we present Mastomys natalensis as a model for MPXV transmission after intraperitoneal, rectal, vaginal, aerosol and transdermal inoculation with an early 2022 human outbreak isolate (Clade IIb). Virus shedding and tissue replication were route dependent and occurred in the presence of self-resolving localized skin, lung, reproductive tract or rectal lesions. Mucosal inoculation via the rectal, vaginal and aerosol routes led to increased shedding, replication and a pro-inflammatory T cell profile compared with skin inoculation. Contact transmission was higher from rectally inoculated animals. This suggests that transmission might be sustained by increased susceptibility of the anal and genital mucosae for infection and subsequent virus release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Port
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jade C Riopelle
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Samuel G Smith
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lara Myers
- Research and Technologies Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Franziska K Kaiser
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Matthew C Lewis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Shane Gallogly
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Trent Bushmaker
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jonathan E Schulz
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jessica Prado-Smith
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Aaron Carmody
- Research and Technologies Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Sidy Bane
- International Center of Excellence in Research (ICER-Mali), University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Brian J Smith
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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3
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Streicker DG, Griffiths ME, Antia R, Bergner L, Bowman P, de Moraes MVDS, Esvelt K, Famulare M, Gilbert A, He B, Jarvis MA, Kennedy DA, Kuzma J, Wanyonyi CN, Remien C, Rocke T, Rosenke K, Schreiner C, Sheen J, Simons D, Yordanova IA, Bull JJ, Nuismer SL. Developing transmissible vaccines for animal infections. Science 2024; 384:275-277. [PMID: 38669579 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsically safe designs and a staged transparent development process will be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rustom Antia
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Laura Bergner
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Peter Bowman
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | | | - Kevin Esvelt
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Mike Famulare
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Amy Gilbert
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Biao He
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | | | - David A Kennedy
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Jennifer Kuzma
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | | | | | - Tonie Rocke
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | | | - Justin Sheen
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - David Simons
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | | | - James J Bull
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Scott L Nuismer
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
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4
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Marceau J, Safronetz D, Martellaro C, Marzi A, Rosenke K, Feldmann H. Bivalent VSV Vectors Mediate Rapid and Potent Protection from Andes Virus Challenge in Hamsters. Viruses 2024; 16:279. [PMID: 38400054 PMCID: PMC10893017 DOI: 10.3390/v16020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses may cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. Andes virus (ANDV) is the only orthohantavirus associated with human-human transmission. Therefore, emergency vaccination would be a valuable public health measure to combat ANDV-derived infection clusters. Here, we utilized a promising vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine to advance the approach for emergency applications. We compared monovalent and bivalent VSV vectors containing the Ebola virus (EBOV), glycoprotein (GP), and ANDV glycoprotein precursor (GPC) for protective efficacy in pre-, peri- and post-exposure immunization by the intraperitoneal and intranasal routes. Inclusion of the EBOV GP was based on its favorable immune cell targeting and the strong innate responses elicited by the VSV-EBOV vaccine. Our data indicates no difference of ANDV GPC expressing VSV vectors in pre-exposure immunization independent of route, but a potential benefit of the bivalent VSVs following peri- and post-exposure intraperitoneal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Marceau
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (J.M.); (D.S.); (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - David Safronetz
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (J.M.); (D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Cynthia Martellaro
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (J.M.); (D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (J.M.); (D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (J.M.); (D.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (J.M.); (D.S.); (C.M.)
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5
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Bohler F, Cashman K, Wilkinson E, Johnson JC, Rosenke K, Shamblin J, Hensley L, Honko A, Shaia C. An atlas of gross and histologic lesions and immunohistochemical immunoreactivity during the temporal progression of aerosolized Lassa virus induced hemorrhagic fever in cynomolgus macaques. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1341891. [PMID: 38404292 PMCID: PMC10884106 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1341891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus (LASV) causes an acute multisystemic hemorrhagic fever in humans known as Lassa fever, which is endemic in several African countries. This manuscript focuses on the progression of disease in cynomolgus macaques challenged with aerosolized LASV and serially sampled for the development and progression of gross and histopathologic lesions. Gross lesions were first noted in tissues on day 6 and persisted throughout day 12. Viremia and histologic lesions were first noted on day 6 commencing with the pulmonary system and hemolymphatic system and progressing at later time points to include all systems. Immunoreactivity to LASV antigen was first observed in the lungs of one macaque on day 3 and appeared localized to macrophages with an increase at later time points to include immunoreactivity in all organ systems. Additionally, this manuscript will serve as a detailed atlas of histopathologic lesions and disease progression for comparison to other animal models of aerosolized Arenaviral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest Bohler
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Kathleen Cashman
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Eric Wilkinson
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joshua C. Johnson
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Josh Shamblin
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Lisa Hensley
- Zoonotic and Emerging Disease Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Anna Honko
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, MT, United States
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6
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Clancy CS, Meade-White K, Shaia C, Saturday G, Feldmann H, Rosenke K. Histopathologic Characterization of Experimental Peracute SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Syrian Hamster. Vet Sci 2023; 10:536. [PMID: 37756057 PMCID: PMC10536131 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) initiated a global pandemic that thus far has resulted in the death of over 6.5 million people internationally. Understanding the viral tropism during the initial, subclinical phase of infection is critical to develop targeted vaccines and therapeutics. With the continued emergence of variants of concern, particularly those that appear to have a tropism for the upper respiratory tract, understanding the complete pathogenesis is critical to develop more effective interventions. Thus far, the Syrian hamster has served as the most consistent small animal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection for mild to moderate respiratory disease. Herein, we utilize histopathology and immunohistochemistry to characterize the peracute phase of disease initiating at 6-h-post-inoculation in the intranasal inoculation route Syrian hamster model. Inflammation and viral replication initiates in the respiratory epithelium of nasal turbinates as early as 12-h-post-inoculation and moves caudally through the nasal cavity by 36-h-post inoculation. Lower respiratory involvement can be detected as early as 12-h-post inoculation in the intranasal inoculated hamster model. These data highlight the importance of rostral nasal cavity sampling at early timepoints for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Syrian hamster model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad S Clancy
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
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7
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Hansen F, Vučak M, Nichols J, Hughes J, Bane S, Camiolo S, da Silva Filipe A, Ostermann E, Staliunaite L, Chan B, Mauch T, Sogoba N, Streblow DN, Voigt S, Oestereich L, Ehlers B, Redwood AJ, Feldmann H, Brune W, Rosenke K, Jarvis MA, Davison AJ. Isolation and genome sequencing of cytomegaloviruses from Natal multimammate mice ( Mastomys natalensis). J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001873. [PMID: 37643006 PMCID: PMC10721045 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are widely distributed across their mammalian hosts in a highly host species-restricted pattern. To date, evidence demonstrating this has been limited largely to PCR-based approaches targeting small, conserved genomic regions, and only a few complete genomes of isolated viruses representing distinct CMV species have been sequenced. We have now combined direct isolation of infectious viruses from tissues with complete genome sequencing to provide a view of CMV diversity in a wild animal population. We targeted Natal multimammate mice (Mastomys natalensis), which are common in sub-Saharan Africa, are known to carry a variety of zoonotic pathogens, and are regarded as the primary source of Lassa virus (LASV) spillover into humans. Using transformed epithelial cells prepared from M. natalensis kidneys, we isolated CMVs from the salivary gland tissue of 14 of 37 (36 %) animals from a field study site in Mali. Genome sequencing showed that these primary isolates represent three different M. natalensis CMVs (MnatCMVs: MnatCMV1, MnatCMV2 and MnatCMV3), with some animals carrying multiple MnatCMVs or multiple strains of a single MnatCMV presumably as a result of coinfection or superinfection. Including primary isolates and plaque-purified isolates, we sequenced and annotated the genomes of two MnatCMV1 strains (derived from sequencing 14 viruses), six MnatCMV2 strains (25 viruses) and ten MnatCMV3 strains (21 viruses), totalling 18 MnatCMV strains isolated as 60 infectious viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these MnatCMVs group with other murid viruses in the genus Muromegalovirus (subfamily Betaherpesvirinae, family Orthoherpesviridae), and that MnatCMV1 and MnatCMV2 are more closely related to each other than to MnatCMV3. The availability of MnatCMV isolates and the characterization of their genomes will serve as the prelude to the generation of a MnatCMV-based vaccine to target LASV in the M. natalensis reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- Present address: School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Matej Vučak
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jenna Nichols
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joseph Hughes
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sidy Bane
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Salvatore Camiolo
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
- Present address: BioSpyder Technologies Inc., Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Baca Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Nafomon Sogoba
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Daniel N. Streblow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Sebastian Voigt
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lisa Oestereich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infectious Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12, Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alec J. Redwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael A. Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, UK
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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8
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Rosenke K, Lewis MC, Feldmann F, Bohrnsen E, Schwarz B, Okumura A, Bohler WF, Callison J, Shaia C, Bosio CM, Lovaglio J, Saturday G, Jarvis MA, Feldmann H. Combined molnupiravir-nirmatrelvir treatment improves the inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 in macaques. JCI Insight 2023; 8:166485. [PMID: 36574296 PMCID: PMC9977490 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The periodic emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with unpredictable clinical severity and ability to escape preexisting immunity emphasizes the continued need for antiviral interventions. Two small molecule inhibitors, molnupiravir (MK-4482), a nucleoside analog, and nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), a 3C-like protease inhibitor, have recently been approved as monotherapy for use in high-risk patients with COVID-19. As preclinical data are only available for rodent and ferret models, here we assessed the efficacy of MK-4482 and PF-07321332 alone and in combination against infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in the rhesus macaque COVID-19 model. Macaques were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and treated with vehicle, MK-4482, PF-07321332, or a combination of MK-4482 and PF-07321332. Clinical exams were performed at 1, 2, and 4 days postinfection to assess disease and virological parameters. Notably, use of MK-4482 and PF-07321332 in combination improved the individual inhibitory effect of both drugs, resulting in milder disease progression, stronger reduction of virus shedding from mucosal tissues of the upper respiratory tract, stronger reduction of viral replication in the lower respiratory tract, and reduced lung pathology. Our data strongly indicate superiority of combined MK-4482 and PF-07321332 treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections as demonstrated in the closest COVID-19 surrogate model of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Bohrnsen
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Catharine M Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | | | - Michael A Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology.,University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom.,The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
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van Doremalen N, Singh M, Saturday TA, Yinda CK, Perez-Perez L, Bohler WF, Weishampel ZA, Lewis M, Schulz JE, Williamson BN, Meade-White K, Gallogly S, Okumura A, Feldmann F, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Shaia C, Feldmann H, de Wit E, Munster VJ, Rosenke K. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are attenuated in rhesus macaques as compared to Delta. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eade1860. [PMID: 36399566 PMCID: PMC9674298 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, five different variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Because of confounding factors in the human population, such as preexisting immunity, comparing severity of disease caused by different VOCs is challenging. Here, we investigate disease progression in the rhesus macaque model upon inoculation with the Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2 VOCs. Disease severity in rhesus macaques inoculated with Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 was lower than those inoculated with Delta and resulted in significantly lower viral loads in nasal swabs, bronchial cytology brush samples, and lung tissue in rhesus macaques. Cytokines and chemokines were up-regulated in nasosorption samples of Delta animals compared to Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 animals. Overall, these data suggest that, in rhesus macaques, Omicron replicates to lower levels than the Delta VOC, resulting in reduced clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Manmeet Singh
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Taylor A. Saturday
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Claude Kwe Yinda
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Lizzette Perez-Perez
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - W. Forrest Bohler
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Zachary A. Weishampel
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Matthew Lewis
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Schulz
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Brandi N. Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Shane Gallogly
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Vincent J. Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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10
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Rosenke K, Lewis MC, Feldmann F, Bohrnsen E, Schwarz B, Okumura A, Bohler WF, Callison J, Shaia C, Bosio CM, Lovaglio J, Saturday G, Jarvis MA, Feldmann H. Combined Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir Treatment Improves the Inhibitory Effect on SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Macaques. bioRxiv 2022:2022.09.03.506479. [PMID: 36263071 PMCID: PMC9580379 DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.03.506479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The periodic emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) with unpredictable clinical severity and ability to escape preexisting immunity emphasizes the continued need for antiviral interventions. Two small molecule inhibitors, molnupiravir (MK-4482), a nucleoside analog, and nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332), a 3C-like protease inhibitor, have each recently been approved as monotherapy for use in high risk COVID-19 patients. As preclinical data are only available for rodent and ferret models, we originally assessed the efficacy of MK-4482 and PF-07321332 alone and then in combination Against infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta VOC in the rhesus macaque COVID-19 model. Notably, use of MK-4482 and PF-07321332 in combination improved the individual inhibitory effect of both drugs. Combined treatment resulted in milder disease progression, stronger reduction of virus shedding from mucosal tissues of the upper respiratory tract, stronger reduction of viral replication in the lower respiratory tract, and reduced lung pathology. Our data strongly indicate superiority of combined MK-4482 and PF-07321332 treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections as demonstrated here in the closest COVID-19 surrogate model. One Sentence Summary The combination of molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and shedding more effectively than individual treatments in the rhesus macaque model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Matt C. Lewis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Eric Bohrnsen
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - W. Forrest Bohler
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Julie Callison
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael A. Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
- The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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11
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van Doremalen N, Singh M, Saturday TA, Yinda CK, Perez-perez L, Bohler WF, Weishampel ZA, Lewis M, Schulz JE, Williamson BN, Meade-white K, Gallogly S, Okumura A, Feldmann F, Lovaglio J, Hanley PW, Shaia C, Feldmann H, de Wit E, Munster VJ, Rosenke K. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are attenuated in rhesus macaques as compared to Delta.. [PMID: 35971544 PMCID: PMC9377356 DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.01.502390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSince the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, five different variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. Due to confounding factors in the human population, such as pre-existing immunity, comparing severity of disease caused by different VOCs is challenging. Here, we investigate disease progression in the rhesus macaque model upon inoculation with the Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.2 VOCs. Disease severity in rhesus macaques inoculated with Omicron BA.1 or BA.2 was lower than those inoculated with Delta and resulted in significantly lower viral loads in nasal swabs, bronchial cytology brush samples, and lung tissue in rhesus macaques. Cytokines and chemokines were upregulated in nasosorption samples of Delta animals compared to Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 animals. Overall, these data suggests that in rhesus macaques, Omicron replicates to lower levels than the Delta VOC, resulting in reduced clinical disease.
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12
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Safronetz D, Rosenke K, Meade-White K, Sloan A, Maiga O, Bane S, Martellaro C, Scott DP, Sogoba N, Feldmann H. Temporal analysis of Lassa virus infection and transmission in experimentally infected Mastomys natalensis. PNAS Nexus 2022; 1:pgac114. [PMID: 35967978 PMCID: PMC9364215 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the temporal patterns of infection and transmission of Lassa virus (LASV) within its natural reservoir (Mastomys natalensis). Here, we characterize infection dynamics and transmissibility of a LASV isolate (Soromba-R) in adult lab-reared M. natalensis originating from Mali. The lab-reared M. natalenesis proved to be highly susceptible to LASV isolates from geographically distinct regions of West Africa via multiple routes of exposure, with 50% infectious doses of < 1 TCID50. Postinoculation, LASV Soromba-R established a systemic infection with no signs of clinical disease. Viral RNA was detected in all nine tissues examined with peak concentrations detected between days 7 and 14 postinfection within most organs. There was an overall trend toward clearance of virus within 40 days of infection in most organs. The exception is lung specimens, which retained positivity throughout the course of the 85-day study. Direct (contact) and indirect (fomite) transmission experiments demonstrated 40% of experimentally infected M. natalensis were capable of transmitting LASV to naïve animals, with peak transmissibility occurring between 28 and 42 days post-inoculation. No differences in patterns of infection or transmission were noted between male and female experimentally infected rodents. Adult lab-reared M. natalensis are highly susceptible to genetically distinct LASV strains developing a temporary asymptomatic infection associated with virus shedding resulting in contact and fomite transmission within a cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kimberley Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, national Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Angela Sloan
- Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ousmane Maiga
- University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sidy Bane
- University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Cynthia Martellaro
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, national Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dana P Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Nafomon Sogoba
- University of Sciences Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, national Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
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13
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Rosenke K, Okumura A, Lewis MC, Feldmann F, Meade-White K, Bohler WF, Griffin A, Rosenke R, Shaia C, Jarvis MA, Feldmann H. Molnupiravir inhibits SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron in the hamster model. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e160108. [PMID: 35579953 PMCID: PMC9310535 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOC), which contains a heavily mutated spike protein capable of escaping preexisting immunity, identifies a continued need for interventional measures. Molnupiravir (MK-4482), an orally administered nucleoside analog, has demonstrated efficacy against earlier SARS-CoV-2 lineages and was recently approved for SARS-CoV-2 infections in high-risk adults. Here, we assessed the efficacy of MK-4482 against the earlier Alpha, Beta, and Delta VOCs and Omicron in the hamster COVID-19 model. Omicron replication and associated lung disease in vehicle-treated hamsters was reduced compared with replication and lung disease associated with earlier VOCs. MK-4482 treatment inhibited virus replication in the lungs of hamsters infected with Alpha, Beta, or Delta VOCs. Importantly, MK-4482 profoundly inhibited virus replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract of hamsters infected with the Omicron VOC. Consistent with its mutagenic mechanism, MK-4482 treatment had a more pronounced inhibitory effect on infectious titers compared with viral RNA genome load. Histopathologic analysis showed that MK-4482 treatment caused a concomitant reduction in the level of lung disease and viral antigen load in infected hamsters across all VOCs examined. Together, our data indicate the potential of MK-4482 as an effective antiviral against known SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, especially Omicron, and likely future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Michael A. Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology and
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- The Vaccine Group, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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Jeremiah Matson M, Ricotta E, Feldmann F, Massaquoi M, Sprecher A, Giuliani R, Edwards JK, Rosenke K, de Wit E, Feldmann H, Chertow DS, Munster VJ. Evaluation of viral load in patients with Ebola virus disease in Liberia: a retrospective observational study. The Lancet Microbe 2022; 3:e533-e542. [PMID: 35617976 PMCID: PMC9254266 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral load in patients with Ebola virus disease affects case fatality rate and is an important parameter used for diagnostic cutoffs, stratification in randomised controlled trials, and epidemiological studies. However, viral load in Ebola virus disease is currently estimated using numerous different assays and protocols that were not developed or validated for this purpose. Here, our aim was to conduct a laboratory-based re-evaluation of the viral loads of a large cohort of Liberian patients with Ebola virus disease and analyse these data in the broader context of the west Africa epidemic. Methods In this retrospective observational study, whole blood samples from patients at the Eternal Love Winning Africa Ebola treatment unit (Monrovia, Liberia) were re-extracted with an optimised protocol and analysed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) using a novel semi-strand specific assay to measure viral load. To allow for more direct comparisons, the ddPCR viral loads were also back-calculated to cycle threshold (Ct) values. The new viral load data were then compared with the Ct values from the original diagnostic quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) testing to identify differing trends and discrepancies. Findings Between Aug 28 and Dec 18, 2014, 727 whole blood samples from 528 individuals were collected. 463 (64%) were first-draw samples and 409 (56%) were from patients positive for Ebola virus (EBOV), species Zaire ebolavirus. Of the 307 first-draw EBOV-positive samples, 127 (41%) were from survivors and 180 (59%) were from non-survivors; 155 (50%) were women, 145 (47%) were men, and seven (2%) were not recorded, and the mean age was 29·3 (SD 15·0) years for women and 31·8 (SD 14·8) years for men. Survivors had significantly lower mean viral loads at presentation than non-survivors in both the reanalysed dataset (5·61 [95% CI 5·34–5·87] vs 7·19 [6·99–7·38] log10 EBOV RNA copies per mL; p<0·0001) and diagnostic dataset (Ct value 28·72 [27·97–29·47] vs 26·26 [25·72–26·81]; p<0·0001). However, the prognostic capacity of viral load increased with the reanalysed dataset (odds ratio [OR] of death 8·06 [95% CI 4·81–13·53], p<0·0001 for viral loads above 6·71 log10 EBOV RNA copies per mL vs OR of death 2·02 [1·27–3·20], p=0·0028 for Ct values below 27·37). Diagnostic qRT-PCR significantly (p<0·0001) underestimated viral load in both survivors and non-survivors (difference in diagnostic Ct value minus laboratory Ct value of 1·79 [95% CI 1·16–2·43] for survivors and 5·15 [4·43–5·87] for non-survivors). Six samples that were reported negative by diagnostic testing were found to be positive upon reanalysis and had high viral loads. Interpretation Inaccurate viral load estimation from diagnostic Ct values is probably multifactorial; however, unaddressed PCR inhibition from tissue damage in patients with fulminant Ebola virus disease could largely account for the discrepancies observed in our study. Testing protocols for Ebola virus disease require further standardisation and validation to produce accurate viral load estimates, minimise false negatives, and allow for reliable epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeremiah Matson
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA; Marshall University Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Emily Ricotta
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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15
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Rosenke K, Okumura A, Lewis MC, Feldmann F, Meade-White K, Bohler WF, Griffin A, Rosenke R, Shaia C, Jarvis MA, Feldmann H. Molnupiravir (MK-4482) is efficacious against Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Syrian hamster COVID-19 model. bioRxiv 2022:2022.02.22.481491. [PMID: 35233571 PMCID: PMC8887072 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.22.481491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant of concern (VOC) containing a heavily mutated spike protein capable of escaping preexisting immunity, identifies a continued need for interventional measures. Molnupiravir (MK-4482), an orally administered nucleoside analog, has demonstrated efficacy against earlier SARS-CoV-2 lineages and was recently approved for SARS-CoV-2 infections in high-risk adults. Here we assessed the efficacy of MK-4482 against the earlier Alpha, Beta and Delta VOCs and Omicron in the Syrian hamster COVID-19 model. Omicron replication and associated lung disease in vehicle treated hamsters was reduced compared to the earlier VOCs. MK-4482 treatment inhibited virus replication in the lungs of Alpha, Beta and Delta VOC infected hamsters. Importantly, MK-4482 profoundly inhibited virus replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract of hamsters infected with the Omicron VOC. Consistent with its mutagenic mechanism, MK-4482 treatment had a more pronounced inhibitory effect on infectious virus titers compared to viral RNA genome load. Histopathologic analysis showed that MK-4482 treatment caused a concomitant reduction in the level of lung disease and viral antigen load in infected hamsters across all VOCs examined. Together, our data indicate the potential of MK-4482 as an effective antiviral against known SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, especially Omicron, and likely future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Matthew C. Lewis
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - W. Forrest Bohler
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Amanda Griffin
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael A. Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth; Plymouth, Devon, UK
- The Vaccine Group Ltd; Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, USA
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16
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Hansen F, Meade-White K, Clancy C, Rosenke R, Okumura A, Hawman DW, Feldmann F, Kaza B, Jarvis MA, Rosenke K, Feldmann H. SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prevents acute respiratory disease in Syrian hamsters but not replication in the upper respiratory tract. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110515. [PMID: 35263638 PMCID: PMC8860630 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection have been documented throughout the pandemic, but are likely under-reported. In the current study, we use the Syrian hamster SARS-CoV-2 model to assess reinfection with homologous WA1 and heterologous B.1.1.7 (Alpha) and B.1.351 (Beta) SARS-CoV-2 variants over time. Upon primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 WA1, hamsters rapidly develop a strong and long-lasting humoral immune response. After reinfection with homologous and heterologous SARS-CoV-2 variants, this immune response protects hamsters from clinical disease, virus replication in the lower respiratory tract, and acute lung pathology. However, reinfection leads to SARS-CoV-2 replication in the upper respiratory tract with the potential for virus shedding. Our findings indicate that reinfection results in restricted SARS-CoV-2 replication despite substantial levels of humoral immunity, denoting the potential for transmission through reinfected asymptomatic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 S 4(th) Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 S 4(th) Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Chad Clancy
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 S 4(th) Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 S 4(th) Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Benjamin Kaza
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 S 4(th) Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 S 4(th) Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK; The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 S 4(th) Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 S 4(th) Street, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
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Rosenke K, Feldmann F, Okumura A, Hansen F, Tang-Huau TL, Meade-White K, Kaza B, Callison J, Lewis MC, Smith BJ, Hanley PW, Lovaglio J, Jarvis MA, Shaia C, Feldmann H. UK B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant exhibits increased respiratory replication and shedding in nonhuman primates. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2173-2182. [PMID: 34724885 PMCID: PMC8635622 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1997074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants calls for regular assessment to identify differences in viral replication, shedding and associated disease. In this study, we compared African green monkeys infected intranasally with either the UK B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant or its contemporary D614G progenitor. Both variants caused mild respiratory disease with no significant differences in clinical presentation. Significantly higher levels of viral RNA and infectious virus were found in upper and lower respiratory tract samples and tissues from B.1.1.7 infected animals. Interestingly, D614G infected animals showed significantly higher levels of viral RNA and infectious virus in rectal swabs and gastrointestinal tissues. Our results indicate that B.1.1.7 infection in African green monkeys is associated with increased respiratory replication and shedding but no disease enhancement similar to human B.1.1.7 cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brian J Smith
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, Hamilton, MT, USA.,University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.,The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, UK
| | - Carl Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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18
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Bane S, Rosenke K, Maiga O, Feldmann F, Meade-White K, Callison J, Safronetz D, Sogoba N, Feldmann H. Ebola Virus IgG Seroprevalence in Southern Mali. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:1681-1684. [PMID: 34013879 PMCID: PMC8153881 DOI: 10.3201/eid2706.203510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mali had 2 reported introductions of Ebola virus (EBOV) during the 2013–2016 West Africa epidemic. Previously, no evidence for EBOV circulation was reported in Mali. We performed an EBOV serosurvey study in southern Mali. We found low seroprevalence in the population, indicating local exposure to EBOV or closely related ebola viruses.
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19
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Rosenke K, Feldmann F, Okumura A, Hansen F, Tang-Huau T, Meade-White K, Kaza B, Smith B, Hanley PW, Lovaglio J, Jarvis MA, Shaia C, Feldmann H. UK B.1.1.7 variant exhibits increased respiratory replication and shedding in nonhuman primates. bioRxiv 2021:2021.06.11.448134. [PMID: 34159332 PMCID: PMC8219096 DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.11.448134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The continuing emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants calls for regular assessment to identify differences in viral replication, shedding and associated disease. In this study, African green monkeys were infected intranasally with either a contemporary D614G or the UK B.1.1.7 variant. Both variants caused mild respiratory disease with no significant differences in clinical presentation. Significantly higher levels of viral RNA and infectious virus were found in upper and lower respiratory tract samples and tissues from B.1.1.7 infected animals. Interestingly, D614G infected animals showed significantly higher levels of viral RNA and infectious virus in rectal swabs and gastrointestinal tract tissues. Our results indicate that B.1.1.7 infection in African green monkeys is associated with increased respiratory replication and shedding but no disease enhancement similar to human B.1.1.7 cases. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY UK B.1.1.7 infection of African green monkeys exhibits increased respiratory replication and shedding but no disease enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Hamilton, MT, Unites States
| | - F. Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, Unites States
| | - A. Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Hamilton, MT, Unites States
| | - F. Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, Hamilton, MT, Unites States
| | - T. Tang-Huau
- Laboratory of Virology, Hamilton, MT, Unites States
| | | | - B. Kaza
- Laboratory of Virology, Hamilton, MT, Unites States
| | - B.J. Smith
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, Unites States
| | - P. W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, Unites States
| | - J. Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, Unites States
| | - M. A. Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, Hamilton, MT, Unites States
- University of Plymouth; Plymouth, United Kingdom
- The Vaccine Group Ltd; Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - C. Shaia
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; Hamilton, MT, Unites States
| | - H. Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Hamilton, MT, Unites States
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20
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Smith BJ, Hanley PW, Maiga O, Culbert MN, Woods MJ, Cordova K, Clancy C, Safronetz D, Feldmann H, Rosenke K, Tang-Huau TL. Hematologic and serum biochemistry reference intervals using defined ASCVP methodology for laboratory natal multimammate mice ( Mastomys natalensis). Lab Anim 2021; 55:417-427. [PMID: 34044662 DOI: 10.1177/00236772211018587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Complete blood count, serum chemistry values, and biological reference intervals were compared between two age groups (34-49 and 84-120 days old) of healthy male and female laboratory raised natal multimammate mice (Mastomys natalensis). Blood was collected via cardiocentesis under isoflurane anesthesia. Data sets of machine automated complete blood counts and clinical chemistries were analyzed. Significant differences between sex and age groups of the data sets were defined. The baseline hematologic and serum biochemistry values described here can improve interpretation of laboratory research using natal multimammate mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Smith
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, USA
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, USA
| | - Ousmane Maiga
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Maarit N Culbert
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, USA
| | - Marissa J Woods
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, USA
| | - Kathleen Cordova
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, USA
| | - Chad Clancy
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, USA
| | - David Safronetz
- Special Pathogens Program, Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - Heinrich Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, USA
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, USA
| | - Tsing-Lee Tang-Huau
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, USA
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21
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Williamson BN, Meade-White K, Boardman K, Schulz JE, Telford CT, Figueroa Acosta DM, Bushmaker T, Fischer RJ, Rosenke K, Feldmann H. Continuing Orthohantavirus Circulation in Deer Mice in Western Montana. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061006. [PMID: 34072112 PMCID: PMC8226622 DOI: 10.3390/v13061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an often-fatal disease caused by New World hantaviruses, such as Sin Nombre orthohantavirus (SNV). In the US, >800 cases of HPS have been confirmed since it was first discovered in 1993, of which 43 were reported from the state of Montana. The primary cause of HPS in the US is SNV, which is primarily found in the reservoir host Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mouse). The reservoir host covers most of the US, including Montana, where multiple studies found SNV in local deer mouse populations. This study aimed to check the prevalence of SNV in the deer mice at popular recreation sites throughout the Bitterroot Valley in Western Montana as compared to previous studies in western Montana. We found high prevalence (up to 20%) of deer mice positive for SNV RNA in the lungs. We were unable to obtain a SNV tissue culture isolate from the lungs but could passage SNV from lung tissue into naïve deer mice. Our findings demonstrate continuing circulation of SNV in western Montana.
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22
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Tang-Huau TL, Rosenke K, Meade-White K, Carmody A, Smith BJ, Bosio CM, Jarvis MA, Feldmann H. Mastomys natalensis Has a Cellular Immune Response Profile Distinct from Laboratory Mice. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050729. [PMID: 33922222 PMCID: PMC8145423 DOI: 10.3390/v13050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis; M. natalensis) has been identified as a major reservoir for multiple human pathogens including Lassa virus (LASV), Leishmania spp., Yersinia spp., and Borrelia spp. Although M. natalensis are related to well-characterized mouse and rat species commonly used in laboratory models, there is an absence of established assays and reagents to study the host immune responses of M. natalensis. As a result, there are major limitations to our understanding of immunopathology and mechanisms of immunological pathogen control in this increasingly important rodent species. In the current study, a large panel of commercially available rodent reagents were screened to identify their cross-reactivity with M. natalensis. Using these reagents, ex vivo assays were established and optimized to evaluate lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production by M. natalensis lymphocytes. In contrast to C57BL/6J mice, lymphocytes from M. natalensis were relatively non-responsive to common stimuli such as phytohaemagglutinin P and lipopolysaccharide. However, they readily responded to concanavalin A stimulation as indicated by proliferation and cytokine production. In summary, we describe lymphoproliferative and cytokine assays demonstrating that the cellular immune responses in M. natalensis to commonly used mitogens differ from a laboratory-bred mouse strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsing-Lee Tang-Huau
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (K.R.); (K.M.-W.)
- Correspondence: (T.-L.T.-H.); (H.F.); Tel.: +1-4063757410 (H.F.)
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (K.R.); (K.M.-W.)
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (K.R.); (K.M.-W.)
| | - Aaron Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA;
| | - Brian J. Smith
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA;
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA;
| | - Michael A. Jarvis
- Faculty of Health: Medicine, Dentistry and Human Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK;
- The Vaccine Group (TVG) Ltd., 14 Research Way, Derriford Research Facility, Plymouth Science Park, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA; (K.R.); (K.M.-W.)
- Correspondence: (T.-L.T.-H.); (H.F.); Tel.: +1-4063757410 (H.F.)
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23
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Rosenke K, Hansen F, Schwarz B, Feldmann F, Haddock E, Rosenke R, Barbian K, Meade-White K, Okumura A, Leventhal S, Hawman DW, Ricotta E, Bosio CM, Martens C, Saturday G, Feldmann H, Jarvis MA. Orally delivered MK-4482 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in the Syrian hamster model. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2295. [PMID: 33863887 PMCID: PMC8052374 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic progresses unabated in many regions of the world. An effective antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 that could be administered orally for use following high-risk exposure would be of substantial benefit in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we show that MK-4482, an orally administered nucleoside analog, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in the Syrian hamster model. The inhibitory effect of MK-4482 on SARS-CoV-2 replication is observed in animals when the drug is administered either beginning 12 h before or 12 h following infection in a high-risk exposure model. These data support the potential utility of MK-4482 to control SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans following high-risk exposure as well as for treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Frederick Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kent Barbian
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Shanna Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - David W Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emily Ricotta
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catharine M Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Craig Martens
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA. .,University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK. .,The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, UK.
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24
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Hansen F, Jarvis MA, Feldmann H, Rosenke K. Lassa Virus Treatment Options. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040772. [PMID: 33917071 PMCID: PMC8067676 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever causes an approximate 5000 to 10,000 deaths annually in West Africa and cases have been imported into Europe and the Americas, challenging public health. Although Lassa virus was first described over 5 decades ago in 1969, no treatments or vaccines have been approved to treat or prevent infection. In this review, we discuss current therapeutics in the development pipeline for the treatment of Lassa fever, focusing on those that have been evaluated in humans or animal models. Several treatments, including the antiviral favipiravir and a human monoclonal antibody cocktail, have shown efficacy in preclinical rodent and non-human primate animal models and have potential for use in clinical settings. Movement of the promising preclinical treatment options for Lassa fever into clinical trials is critical to continue addressing this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- The Vaccine Group Ltd., University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
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25
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Jarvis MA, Hansen FA, Rosenke K, Haddock E, Rollinson C, Rule S, Sewell G, Hughes A, Feldmann H. Evaluation of drugs for potential repurposing against COVID-19 using a tier-based scoring system. Antivir Ther 2021; 25:223-231. [PMID: 32744511 DOI: 10.3851/imp3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic grows daily, we remain with no prophylactic and only minimal therapeutic interventions to prevent or ameliorate severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Prior to SARS-CoV-2 emergence, high throughput screens utilizing clinically developed drugs identified compounds with in vitro inhibitory effect on human coronaviruses that may have potential for repurposing as treatment options for COVID-19. However, caution should be applied to repurposing of these drugs when they are taken out of context of human pharmacokinetic parameters associated with normal therapeutic use. METHODS Our aim was to provide a tier-based scoring system to interrogate this data set and match each drug with its human pharmacokinetic criteria, such as route of administration, therapeutic plasma levels and half-life, tissue distribution and safety. RESULTS Our analysis excluded most previously identified drugs but identified members of four drug classes (antimalarial amino-quinolones, selective estrogen receptor modulators [SERMs], low potency tricyclic antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants) as potential drug candidates for COVID-19. Two of them, the tricyclic antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants were further excluded based on a high adverse event profile. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings using a new pharmacokinetic-based scoring system supports efficacy testing of only a minority of candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Jarvis
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK.,The Vaccine Group, Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Frederick A Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Simon Rule
- University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Graham Sewell
- The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew Hughes
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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26
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Rosenke K, Leventhal S, Moulton HM, Hatlevig S, Hawman D, Feldmann H, Stein DA. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cell cultures by peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:413-417. [PMID: 33164048 PMCID: PMC7717290 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As the causative agent of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 is a pathogen of immense importance to global public health. Development of innovative direct-acting antiviral agents is sorely needed to address this virus. Peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers (PPMO) are antisense compounds composed of a phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer covalently conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide. PPMO require no delivery assistance to enter cells and are able to reduce expression of targeted RNA through sequence-specific steric blocking. Methods Five PPMO designed against sequences of genomic RNA in the SARS-CoV-2 5′-untranslated region and a negative control PPMO of random sequence were synthesized. Each PPMO was evaluated for its effect on the viability of uninfected cells and its inhibitory effect on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero-E6 cell cultures. Cell viability was evaluated with an ATP-based method using a 48 h PPMO treatment time. Viral growth was measured with quantitative RT–PCR and TCID50 infectivity assays from experiments where cells received a 5 h PPMO treatment time. Results PPMO designed to base-pair with sequence in the 5′ terminal region or the leader transcription regulatory sequence region of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA were highly efficacious, reducing viral titres by up to 4–6 log10 in cell cultures at 48–72 h post-infection, in a non-toxic and dose-responsive manner. Conclusions The data indicate that PPMO have the ability to potently and specifically suppress SARS-CoV-2 growth and are promising candidates for further preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Shanna Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Hong M Moulton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Susan Hatlevig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - David Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - David A Stein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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27
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Lingas G, Rosenke K, Safronetz D, Guedj J. Lassa viral dynamics in non-human primates treated with favipiravir or ribavirin. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008535. [PMID: 33411731 PMCID: PMC7817048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lassa fever is an haemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus (LASV). There is no vaccine approved against LASV and the only recommended antiviral treatment relies on ribavirin, despite limited evidence of efficacy. Recently, the nucleotide analogue favipiravir showed a high antiviral efficacy, with 100% survival obtained in an otherwise fully lethal non-human primate (NHP) model of Lassa fever. However the mechanism of action of the drug is not known and the absence of pharmacokinetic data limits the translation of these results to the human setting. Here we aimed to better understand the antiviral effect of favipiravir by developping the first mathematical model recapitulating Lassa viral dynamics and treatment. We analyzed the viral dynamics in 24 NHPs left untreated or treated with ribavirin or favipiravir, and we put the results in perspective with those obtained with the same drugs in the context of Ebola infection. Our model estimates favipiravir EC50 in vivo to 2.89 μg.mL-1, which is much lower than what was found against Ebola virus. The main mechanism of action of favipiravir was to decrease virus infectivity, with an efficacy of 91% at the highest dose. Based on our knowledge acquired on the drug pharmacokinetics in humans, our model predicts that favipiravir doses larger than 1200 mg twice a day should have the capability to strongly reduce the production infectious virus and provide a milestone towards a future use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - David Safronetz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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28
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Rosenke K, Meade-White K, Letko M, Clancy C, Hansen F, Liu Y, Okumura A, Tang-Huau TL, Li R, Saturday G, Feldmann F, Scott D, Wang Z, Munster V, Jarvis MA, Feldmann H. Defining the Syrian hamster as a highly susceptible preclinical model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 9:2673-2684. [PMID: 33251966 PMCID: PMC7782266 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1858177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Following emergence in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly became pandemic and is presently responsible for millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. There is currently no approved vaccine to halt the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and only very few treatment options are available to manage COVID-19 patients. For development of preclinical countermeasures, reliable and well-characterized small animal disease models will be of paramount importance. Here we show that intranasal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 into Syrian hamsters consistently caused moderate broncho-interstitial pneumonia, with high viral lung loads and extensive virus shedding, but animals only displayed transient mild disease. We determined the infectious dose 50 to be only five infectious particles, making the Syrian hamster a highly susceptible model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neither hamster age nor sex had any impact on the severity of disease or course of infection. Finally, prolonged viral persistence in interleukin 2 receptor gamma chain knockout hamsters revealed susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 to adaptive immune control. In conclusion, the Syrian hamster is highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 making it a very suitable infection model for COVID-19 countermeasure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael Letko
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Chad Clancy
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Frederick Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Tsing-Lee Tang-Huau
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dana Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Vincent Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.,University of Plymouth and The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Rosenke K, Jarvis MA, Feldmann F, Schwarz B, Okumura A, Lovaglio J, Saturday G, Hanley PW, Meade-White K, Williamson BN, Hansen F, Perez-Perez L, Leventhal S, Tang-Huau TL, Callison J, Haddock E, Stromberg KA, Scott D, Sewell G, Bosio CM, Hawman D, de Wit E, Feldmann H. Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis and treatment is ineffective in macaque and hamster SARS-CoV-2 disease models. JCI Insight 2020; 5:143174. [PMID: 33090972 PMCID: PMC7714406 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We remain largely without effective prophylactic/therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. Although many human COVID-19 clinical trials are ongoing, there remains a deficiency of supportive preclinical drug efficacy studies to help guide decisions. Here we assessed the prophylactic/therapeutic efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a drug of interest for COVID-19 management, in 2 animal disease models. The standard human malaria HCQ prophylaxis (6.5 mg/kg given weekly) and treatment (6.5 mg/kg given daily) did not significantly benefit clinical outcome, nor did it reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication/shedding in the upper and lower respiratory tract in the rhesus macaque disease model. Similarly, when used for prophylaxis or treatment, neither the standard human malaria dose (6.5 mg/kg) nor a high dose (50 mg/kg) of HCQ had any beneficial effect on clinical disease or SARS-CoV-2 kinetics (replication/shedding) in the Syrian hamster disease model. Results from these 2 preclinical animal models may prove helpful in guiding clinical use of HCQ for prophylaxis/treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Michael A. Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom; The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Brandi N. Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Frederick Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Lizette Perez-Perez
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Shanna Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Tsing-Lee Tang-Huau
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Julie Callison
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Kaitlin A. Stromberg
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | | | - Graham Sewell
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - David Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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Rosenke K, Hansen F, Schwarz B, Feldmann F, Haddock E, Rosenke R, Meade-White K, Okumura A, Leventhal S, Hawman DW, Ricotta E, Bosio CM, Saturday G, Feldmann H, Jarvis MA. Orally delivered MK-4482 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in the Syrian hamster model. Res Sq 2020:rs.3.rs-86289. [PMID: 33052329 PMCID: PMC7553153 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-86289/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic progresses unabated in many regions of the world. An effective antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 that could be administered orally for use following high-risk exposure would be of substantial benefit in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we show that MK-4482, an orally administered nucleoside analog, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in the Syrian hamster model. The inhibitory effect of MK-4482 on SARS-CoV-2 replication was observed in animals when the drug was administered either beginning 12 hours before or 12 hours following infection in a high-risk exposure model. These data support the potential utility of MK-4482 to control SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans following high-risk exposure as well as for treatment of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Frederick Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Shanna Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - David W. Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emily Ricotta
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael A. Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
- University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, UK
- The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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31
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Rosenke K, Leventhal S, Moulton HM, Hatlevig S, Hawman D, Feldmann H, Stein DA. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cell cultures by peptide-conjugated morpholino-oligomers. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 33024974 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.29.319731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 and a pathogen of immense global public health importance. Development of innovative direct-acting antiviral agents is sorely needed to address this virus. Peptide-conjugated morpholino oligomers (PPMO) are antisense agents composed of a phosphordiamidate morpholino oligomer covalently conjugated to a cell-penetrating peptide. PPMO require no delivery assistance to enter cells and are able to reduce expression of targeted RNA through sequence-specific steric blocking. Objectives and Methods Five PPMO designed against sequences of genomic RNA in the SARS-CoV-2 5'-untranslated region and a negative control PPMO of random sequence were synthesized. Each PPMO was evaluated for its effect on the viability of uninfected cells and its inhibitory effect on the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in Vero-E6 cell cultures. Cell viability was evaluated with an ATP-based method and viral growth was measured with quantitative RT-PCR and TCID 50 infectivity assays. Results PPMO designed to base-pair with sequence in the 5'-terminal region or the leader transcription regulatory sequence-region of SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA were highly efficacious, reducing viral titers by up to 4-6 log10 in cell cultures at 48-72 hours post-infection, in a non-toxic and dose-responsive manner. Conclusion The data indicate that PPMO have the ability to potently and specifically suppress SARS-CoV-2 growth and are promising candidates for further pre-clinical development.
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32
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Rosenke K, Meade-White K, Letko M, Clancy C, Hansen F, Liu Y, Okumura A, Tang-Huau TL, Li R, Saturday G, Feldmann F, Scott D, Wang Z, Munster V, Jarvis MA, Feldmann H. Defining the Syrian hamster as a highly susceptible preclinical model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. bioRxiv 2020. [PMID: 32995767 PMCID: PMC7523093 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.25.314070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following emergence in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 rapidly became pandemic and is presently responsible for millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. There is currently no approved vaccine to halt the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and only very few treatment options are available to manage COVID-19 patients. For development of preclinical countermeasures, reliable and well-characterized small animal disease models will be of paramount importance. Here we show that intranasal inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 into Syrian hamsters consistently caused moderate broncho-interstitial pneumonia, with high viral lung loads and extensive virus shedding, but animals only displayed transient mild disease. We determined the infectious dose 50 to be only five infectious particles, making the Syrian hamster a highly susceptible model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Neither hamster age nor sex had any impact on the severity of disease or course of infection. Finally, prolonged viral persistence in interleukin 2 receptor gamma chain knockout hamsters revealed susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 to adaptive immune control. In conclusion, the Syrian hamster is highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 making it a very suitable infection model for COVID-19 countermeasure development. The Syrian hamster is highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 making it an ideal infection model for COVID-19 countermeasure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael Letko
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Chad Clancy
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Frederick Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Tsing-Lee Tang-Huau
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dana Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Vincent Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.,University of Plymouth and The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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Funnell SGP, Dowling WE, Muñoz-Fontela C, Gsell PS, Ingber DE, Hamilton GA, Delang L, Rocha-Pereira J, Kaptein S, Dallmeier KH, Neyts J, Rosenke K, de Wit E, Feldmann H, Maisonnasse P, Le Grand R, Frieman MB, Coleman CM. Emerging preclinical evidence does not support broad use of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4253. [PMID: 32848158 PMCID: PMC7450055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17907-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for drugs, therapies and vaccines to be available to protect the human population against COVID-19. One of the first approaches taken in the COVID-19 global response was to consider repurposing licensed drugs. This commentary highlights an extraordinary international collaborative effort of independent researchers who have recently all come to the same conclusion—that chloroquine or hydroxchloroquine are unlikely to provide clinical benefit against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G P Funnell
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP40JG, UK.
| | - W E Dowling
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, 1901 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 1003, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - C Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Strasse. 74, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P-S Gsell
- World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, CLSB5, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - G A Hamilton
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, 5th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - L Delang
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Global Virus Network, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Rocha-Pereira
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Global Virus Network, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Kaptein
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Global Virus Network, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K H Dallmeier
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Global Virus Network, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Global Virus Network, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, 59840, MT, USA
| | - E de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, 59840, MT, USA
| | - H Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Hamilton, 59840, MT, USA
| | - P Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases » (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 92265, France
| | - R Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases » (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, 92265, France
| | - M B Frieman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - C M Coleman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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34
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Calvignac-Spencer S, Kouadio L, Couacy-Hymann E, Sogoba N, Rosenke K, Davison AJ, Leendertz F, Jarvis MA, Feldmann H, Ehlers B. Multiple DNA viruses identified in multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) populations from across regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2291-2299. [PMID: 32754877 PMCID: PMC7497350 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis; M. natalensis) serves as the main reservoir for the zoonotic arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV), and this has led to considerable investigation into the distribution of LASV and other related arenaviruses in this host species. In contrast to the situation with arenaviruses, the presence of other viruses in M. natalensis remains largely unexplored. In this study, herpesviruses and polyomaviruses were identified and partially characterized by PCR methods, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. In tissues sampled from M. natalensis populations in Côte d'Ivoire and Mali, six new DNA viruses (four betaherpesviruses, one gammaherpesvirus and one polyomavirus) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis based on glycoprotein B amino acid sequences showed that the herpesviruses clustered with cytomegaloviruses and rhadinoviruses of multiple rodent species. The complete circular genome of the newly identified polyomavirus was amplified by PCR. Amino acid sequence analysis of the large T antigen or VP1 showed that this virus clustered with a known polyomavirus from a house mouse (species Mus musculus polyomavirus 1). These two polyomaviruses form a clade with other rodent polyomaviruses, and the newly identified virus represents the third known polyomavirus of M. natalensis. This study represents the first identification of herpesviruses and the discovery of a novel polyomavirus in M. natalensis. In contrast to arenaviruses, we anticipate that these newly identified viruses represent a low zoonotic risk due to the normally highly restricted specificity of members of these two DNA virus families to their individual mammalian host species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Léonce Kouadio
- LANADA/Central Laboratory for Animal Diseases, Bingerville, Côte d'Ivoire.,P3 "Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms", Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nafomon Sogoba
- Faculty of Medicine and Odontostomatology, Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center of Excellence in Research, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Andrew J Davison
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fabian Leendertz
- P3 "Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms", Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael A Jarvis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.,The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, UK
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Bernhard Ehlers
- Division 12 "Measles, Mumps, Rubella, and Viruses Affecting Immunocompromised Patients", Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany.
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35
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Ranadheera C, Valcourt EJ, Warner BM, Poliquin G, Rosenke K, Frost K, Tierney K, Saturday G, Miao J, Westover JB, Gowen BB, Booth S, Feldmann H, Wang Z, Safronetz D. Characterization of a novel STAT 2 knock-out hamster model of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12378. [PMID: 32704046 PMCID: PMC7378551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne pathogen causing a febrile illness in humans, which can progress to hemorrhagic manifestations, multi-organ failure, and death. Current mouse models of CCHFV infection reliably succumb to virus challenge but vary in their ability to reflect signs of disease similar to humans. In this study, we established a signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2) knockout hamster model to expand the repertoire of animal models of CCHFV pathogenesis that can be used for therapeutic development. These hamsters demonstrated a systemic and lethal disease in response to infection. Hallmarks of human disease were observed including petechial rash, blood coagulation dysfunction, and various biochemistry and blood cell count abnormalities. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the utility of this model for anti-CCHFV therapeutic evaluation. The STAT2 knock-out hamster model of CCHFV infection may provide some further insights into clinical disease, viral pathogenesis, and pave the way for testing of potential drug and vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Ranadheera
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Bioforensics Assay Development and Diagnostics, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Emelissa J Valcourt
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Bryce M Warner
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Guillaume Poliquin
- Office of the Scientific Director, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kathy Frost
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kevin Tierney
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450066, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonna B Westover
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Brian B Gowen
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Stephanie Booth
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - David Safronetz
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. .,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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36
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Rosenke K, Jarvis MA, Feldmann F, Schwarz B, Okumura A, Lovaglio J, Saturday G, Hanley PW, Meade-White K, Williamson BN, Hansen F, Perez-Perez L, Leventhal S, Tang-Huau TL, Nason M, Callison J, Haddock E, Scott D, Sewell G, Bosio CM, Hawman D, de Wit E, Feldmann H. Hydroxychloroquine Proves Ineffective in Hamsters and Macaques Infected with SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2020:2020.06.10.145144. [PMID: 32577633 PMCID: PMC7301902 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.10.145144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We remain largely without effective prophylactic/therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. Although many human clinical trials are ongoing, there remains a deficiency of supportive preclinical drug efficacy studies. Here we assessed the prophylactic/therapeutic efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a drug of interest for COVID-19 management, in two animal models. When used for prophylaxis or treatment neither the standard human malaria dose (6.5 mg/kg) nor a high dose (50 mg/kg) of HCQ had any beneficial effect on clinical disease or SARS-CoV-2 kinetics (replication/shedding) in the Syrian hamster disease model. Similarly, HCQ prophylaxis/treatment (6.5 mg/kg) did not significantly benefit clinical outcome nor reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication/shedding in the upper and lower respiratory tract in the rhesus macaque disease model. In conclusion, our preclinical animal studies do not support the use of HCQ in prophylaxis/treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael A. Jarvis
- University of Plymouth; and The Vaccine Group Ltd, Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwarz
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W. Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | - Frederick Hansen
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Shanna Leventhal
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Martha Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health
| | - Julie Callison
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dana Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Graham Sewell
- The Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
| | - Catharine M. Bosio
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - David Hawman
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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37
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Boardman K, Rosenke K, Safronetz D, Feldmann H, Schwan TG. Host Competency of the Multimammate Rat Mastomys natalensis Demonstrated by Prolonged Spirochetemias with the African Relapsing Fever Spirochete Borrelia crocidurae. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 101:1272-1275. [PMID: 31674298 PMCID: PMC6896849 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
African multimammate rats, Mastomys natalensis, are widely distributed in sub-Saharan Africa and live in close association with humans. In West Africa, numerous field studies have shown these animals may be naturally infected with the relapsing fever spirochete Borrelia crocidurae, the primary cause of tick-borne relapsing fever in this region of the continent. However, naturally infected individual rats have never been examined over time; therefore, the true host competency of these rats for this spirochete is unknown. Therefore, using animals from an established laboratory colony of M. natalensis, rats were experimentally infected with B. crocidurae and their blood examined to 28 days postinoculation. These animals were highly susceptible to infection and displayed prolonged and cyclic spirochetemias. Our results demonstrate these peridomestic rodents are likely competent hosts for infecting argasid tick vectors and play a primary role in the enzootic cycle for B. crocidurae in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Boardman
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
| | - David Safronetz
- Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Tom G. Schwan
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana
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38
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Rosenke K, Mercado-Hernandez R, Cronin J, Conteh S, Duffy P, Feldmann H, de Wit E. The Effect of Plasmodium on the Outcome of Ebola Virus Infection in a Mouse Model. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S434-S437. [PMID: 29878224 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, several studies investigated whether there was an effect of Plasmodium coinfection on survival in Ebola virus (EBOV) disease patients. Different effects of coinfection were found in different patient cohorts. To determine whether an effect of Plasmodium coinfection on EBOV survival may exist, we modeled coinfection of Plasmodium yoelii and mouse-adapted EBOV (MA-EBOV) in CD1 mice. Subsequent infection with MA-EBOV at different time points after P. yoelii infection did not have any significant effect on survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, Montana
| | - Reinaldo Mercado-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, Montana
| | - Jacqueline Cronin
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, Montana
| | - Solomon Conteh
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID, NIH Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patrick Duffy
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, NIAID, NIH Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, Montana
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Hamilton, Montana
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39
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Rosenke K, Bounds CE, Hanley PW, Saturday G, Sullivan E, Wu H, Jiao JA, Feldmann H, Schmaljohn C, Safronetz D. Human Polyclonal Antibodies Produced by Transchromosomal Cattle Provide Partial Protection Against Lethal Zaire Ebolavirus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S658-S661. [PMID: 30053153 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapy has been used to treat a variety of diseases and the success of ZMapp and other monoclonal antibody-based therapies during the 2014-2016 West African Ebola outbreak has shown this countermeasure can be a successful therapy for Ebola hemorrhagic fever. This study utilized transchromosomal bovines (TcB) vaccinated with a DNA plasmid encoding Ebola virus glycoprotein sequence to produce human polyclonal antibodies directed against Ebola virus glycoprotein. When administered 1 day postinfection, these TcB polyclonal antibodies provided partial protection and resulted in a 50% survival rate following a lethal challenge of Ebola virus Makona in rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Callie E Bounds
- Joint Program Executive Office Chemical-Biological Defense, Medical Countermeasures Systems' Joint Vaccine Acquisition Program, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | | | - Hua Wu
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Jin-An Jiao
- SAB Biotherapeutics, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Connie Schmaljohn
- Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | - David Safronetz
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana.,Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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40
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Abstract
In humans, Lassa virus infection can result in disease with hemorrhagic manifestations and high fatality rates. There are no approved treatments or vaccines available and the inherent danger of studying Lassa virus means it can only be studied in high containment labs (BSL4). Under these conditions, mouse models are becoming an important instrument in the study of Lassa virus infection, disease and host responses. While guinea pigs and non-human primates are the critical components in assessing treatments and vaccines and have recently been used with great affect in this capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsing-Lee Tang-Huau
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - H Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - K Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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41
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Rosenke K, Feldmann H, Westover JB, Hanley PW, Martellaro C, Feldmann F, Saturday G, Lovaglio J, Scott DP, Furuta Y, Komeno T, Gowen BB, Safronetz D. Use of Favipiravir to Treat Lassa Virus Infection in Macaques. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24:1696-1699. [PMID: 29882740 PMCID: PMC6106425 DOI: 10.3201/eid2409.180233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lassa virus, the cause of Lassa fever in humans, is endemic to West Africa. Treatment of Lassa fever is primarily supportive, although ribavirin has shown limited efficacy if administered early during infection. We tested favipiravir in Lassa virus–viremic macaques and found that 300 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks successfully treated infection.
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42
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Hawman DW, Haddock E, Meade-White K, Williamson B, Hanley PW, Rosenke K, Komeno T, Furuta Y, Gowen BB, Feldmann H. Favipiravir (T-705) but not ribavirin is effective against two distinct strains of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in mice. Antiviral Res 2018; 157:18-26. [PMID: 29936152 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a cause of serious hemorrhagic disease in humans. Humans infected with CCHFV develop a non-specific febrile illness and then progress to the hemorrhagic phase where case fatality rates can be as high as 30%. Currently there is lack of vaccines and the recommended antiviral treatment, ribavirin, has inconsistent efficacy in both human and animal studies. In this study we developed a model of CCHFV infection in type I interferon deficient mice using the clinical CCHFV isolate strain Hoti. Mice infected with strain Hoti develop a progressively worsening and ultimately fatal disease. We utilized this model along with our established model using the prototypical CCHFV strain 10200 to evaluate treatment with ribavirin or the antiviral favipiravir. While ribavirin treatment was able to suppress viral loads at early time points it was ultimately unable to prevent development of terminal disease in mice infected with either strain of CCHFV. In contrast, favipiravir showed clinical benefit even when administered late in the clinical progression of CCHF. Interestingly, in a small subset of mice, late-onset of CCHF was observed after favipiravir treatment was stopped and persistence of viral RNA in favipiravir treated survivors was also seen. Nevertheless, favipiravir showed significant clinical benefit against two distinct strains of CCHFV suggesting it may be a potent antiviral for treatment of human CCHFV infections.
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43
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Subudhi S, Dakouo M, Sloan A, Stein DR, Grolla A, Jones S, Dibernardo A, Rosenke K, Sas M, Traore A, Lindsay R, Groschup MH, Misra V, Feldmann H, Sogoba N, Safronetz D, Niang M. Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Antibodies in Cattle in Mali, 2005-2014. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:872-874. [PMID: 29363462 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) outbreaks have considerable impact on human and animal health. Here, we are reporting a serosurvey of cattle from all regions of Mali. These demonstrated that few had been exposed to RVFV from 2005 to 2014. Recent outbreaks of RVF in Niger and a single human case in Mali provide justification for further entomological and ecological studies of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angela Sloan
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Allen Grolla
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shane Jones
- Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Kyle Rosenke
- National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Miriam Sas
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Isle of Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Isle of Riems, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Nafomon Sogoba
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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44
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45
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Maiga O, Sas MA, Rosenke K, Kamissoko B, Mertens M, Sogoba N, Traore A, Sangare M, Niang M, Schwan TG, Maiga HM, Traore SF, Feldmann H, Safronetz D, Groschup MH. Serosurvey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Cattle, Mali, West Africa. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:1341-1345. [PMID: 28719259 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever is a tick-borne disease caused by the arbovirus Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV, family Bunyaviridae, genus Nairovirus). CCHFV can cause a severe hemorrhagic fever with high-case fatality rates in humans. CCHFV has a wide geographic range and has been described in around 30 countries in the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and Africa including Mali and neighboring countries. To date, little is known about the prevalence rates of CCHFV in Mali. Here, using banked bovine serum samples from across the country, we describe the results of a seroepidemiological study for CCHFV aimed at identifying regions of circulation in Mali. In total, 1,074 serum samples were tested by a modified in-house CCHFV-IgG-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with confirmatory testing by commercial ELISA and immunofluorescence assay. Overall, 66% of samples tested were positive for CCHFV-specific IgG antibodies. Regional seroprevalence rates ranged from 15% to 95% and seemed to correlate with cattle density. Our results demonstrate that CCHFV prevalence is high in many regions in Mali and suggest that CCHFV surveillance should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousmane Maiga
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Miriam Andrada Sas
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Isle of Riems-Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | | | - Marc Mertens
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Isle of Riems-Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nafomon Sogoba
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Modibo Sangare
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Tom G Schwan
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Hamidou Moussa Maiga
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekou F Traore
- International Center for Excellence in Research, Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana.,Deptartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David Safronetz
- Deptartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Division of Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Isle of Riems-Greifswald, Germany
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46
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Diarra B, Safronetz D, Sarro YDS, Kone A, Sanogo M, Tounkara S, Togo ACG, Daou F, Maiga AI, Dao S, Rosenke K, Falzarano D, Doumbia S, Zoon KC, Polis M, Siddiqui S, Sow S, Schwan TG, Feldmann H, Diallo S, Koita OA. Laboratory Response to 2014 Ebola Virus Outbreak in Mali. J Infect Dis 2017; 214:S164-S168. [PMID: 27707892 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aware of the rapid spread of Ebola virus (EBOV) during the current West African epidemic, Mali took several proactive steps to rapidly identify cases within its borders. Under the Mali International Center for Excellence in Research program, a collaboration between the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the Malian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research established a national EBOV diagnostic site at the University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako in the SEREFO Laboratory. Two separate introductions of EBOV occurred in Mali from neighboring Guinea, but both chains of transmission were quickly halted, and Mali was declared "Ebola free" on 18 January 2015 and has remained so since. The SEREFO Laboratory was instrumental in the success of Mali's Ebola response by providing timely and accurate diagnostics. As of today, the SEREFO Laboratory has tested 103 samples from 88 suspected cases, 10 of which were EBOV positive, since the Ebola diagnostics unit started in April 2014. The establishment of Ebola diagnostics in the SEREFO Laboratory, safety precautions, and diagnostics are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassirou Diarra
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Yeya Dit Sadio Sarro
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Amadou Kone
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Moumine Sanogo
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Sady Tounkara
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Antieme C G Togo
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Fatoumata Daou
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Almoustapha I Maiga
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Sounkalo Dao
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | - Seydou Doumbia
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Kathryn C Zoon
- Cytokine Biology Section, Division of Intramural Research
| | - Michael Polis
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sophia Siddiqui
- Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Samba Sow
- Centre des Operations d'Urgence (Malian Center for Emergency Operations), Centre National d'Appui a la lutte contre la Maladie (Malian Center for Disease Control), Ministry of Health, Bamako, Mali
| | - Tom G Schwan
- Laboratory of Zoonotic Pathogens, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | | | - Souleyman Diallo
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Ousmane A Koita
- SEREFO Laboratory, University Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
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47
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de Wit E, Feldmann F, Horne E, Martellaro C, Haddock E, Bushmaker T, Rosenke K, Okumura A, Rosenke R, Saturday G, Scott D, Feldmann H. Domestic Pig Unlikely Reservoir for MERS-CoV. Emerg Infect Dis 2017; 23:985-988. [PMID: 28318484 PMCID: PMC5443456 DOI: 10.3201/eid2306.170096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We tested the suitability of the domestic pig as a model for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Inoculation did not cause disease, but a low level of virus replication, shedding, and seroconversion were observed. Pigs do not recapitulate human MERS-CoV and are unlikely to constitute a reservoir in nature.
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48
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Safronetz D, Sogoba N, Diawara SI, Bane S, Rosenke K, Maiga O, Boisen M, Garry RF, Branco LM, Lindsay LR, Traoré SF, Feldmann H, Doumbia S. Annual Incidence of Lassa Virus Infection in Southern Mali. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017; 96:944-946. [PMID: 28093544 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPreviously, we reported a high seroprevalence rate of Lassa virus antibodies in inhabitants of three villages in southern Mali where infected rodents have been demonstrated. Herein, we report a 1-year follow-up study in which we were able to collect a second blood samples from 88.7% of participants of the same cohort. We identified 23 seroconversions for IgG antibodies reactive against Lassa virus, representing an incidence of 6.3% (95% confidence interval = 3.8-8.8%). Seroconversion was frequently seen in preteenage children (12/23, 51.7%) and two household/familial clusters were identified. These results confirm active transmission of Lassa virus is occurring in southern Mali and appropriate diagnostic testing should be established for this etiological agent of severe viral hemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Safronetz
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Nafomon Sogoba
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Sidy Bane
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Ousmane Maiga
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | | | | | | | - L Robbin Lindsay
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sékou F Traoré
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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Rosenke K, Adjemian J, Munster VJ, Strong JE, Sprecher A, Feldmann H, de Wit E. Reply to Colebunders. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 64:232. [PMID: 27986680 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rosenke
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Jennifer Adjemian
- Epidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, and.,Commissioned Corps, US Public Health Service, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Vincent J Munster
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
| | - James E Strong
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba; and
| | - Armand Sprecher
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Operational Center of Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana;
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Sogoba N, Rosenke K, Adjemian J, Diawara SI, Maiga O, Keita M, Konaté D, Keita AS, Sissoko I, Boisen M, Nelson D, Oottamasathien D, Millett M, Garry RF, Branco LM, Traoré SF, Doumbia S, Feldmann H, Safronetz D. Lassa Virus Seroprevalence in Sibirilia Commune, Bougouni District, Southern Mali. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:657-63. [PMID: 26981786 PMCID: PMC4806955 DOI: 10.3201/eid2204.151814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The high rate documented in this study highlights the need for increased surveillance. Lassa Virus Seroprevalence, Mali Lassa virus (LASV) is endemic to several nations in West Africa. In Mali, LASV was unknown until an exported case of Lassa fever was reported in 2009. Since that time, rodent surveys have found evidence of LASV-infected Mastomys natalensis rats in several communities in southern Mali, near the border with Côte d’Ivoire. Despite increased awareness, to date only a single case of Lassa fever has been confirmed in Mali. We conducted a survey to determine the prevalence of LASV exposure among persons in 3 villages in southern Mali where the presence of infected rodents has been documented. LASV IgG seroprevalence ranged from 14.5% to 44% per village. No sex bias was noted; however, seropositivity rates increased with participant age. These findings confirm human LASV exposure in Mali and suggest that LASV infection/Lassa fever is a potential public health concern in southern Mali.
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