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Ostheim P, Tichý A, Badie C, Davidkova M, Kultova G, Stastna MM, Sirak I, Stewart S, Schwanke D, Kasper M, Ghandhi SA, Amundson SA, Bäumler W, Stroszczynski C, Port M, Abend M. Applicability of Gene Expression in Saliva as an Alternative to Blood for Biodosimetry and Prediction of Radiation-induced Health Effects. Radiat Res 2024; 201:523-534. [PMID: 38499035 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00176.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
As the great majority of gene expression (GE) biodosimetry studies have been performed using blood as the preferred source of tissue, searching for simple and less-invasive sampling methods is important when considering biodosimetry approaches. Knowing that whole saliva contains an ultrafiltrate of blood and white blood cells, it is expected that the findings in blood can also be found in saliva. This human in vivo study aims to examine radiation-induced GE changes in saliva for biodosimetry purposes and to predict radiation-induced disease, which is yet poorly characterized. Furthermore, we examined whether transcriptional biomarkers in blood can also be found equivalently in saliva. Saliva and blood samples were collected in parallel from radiotherapy (RT) treated patients who suffered from head and neck cancer (n = 8) undergoing fractioned partial-body irradiations (1.8 Gy/fraction and 50-70 Gy total dose). Samples were taken 12-24 h before first irradiation and ideally 24 and 48 h, as well as 5 weeks after radiotherapy onset. Due to the low quality and quantity of isolated RNA samples from one patient, they had to be excluded from further analysis, leaving a total of 24 saliva and 24 blood samples from 7 patients eligible for analysis. Using qRT-PCR, 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA (the ratio being a surrogate for the relative human RNA/bacterial burden), four housekeeping genes and nine mRNAs previously identified as radiation responsive in blood-based studies were detected. Significant GE associations with absorbed dose were found for five genes and after the 2nd radiotherapy fraction, shown by, e.g., the increase of CDKN1A (2.0 fold, P = 0.017) and FDXR (1.9 fold increased, P = 0.002). After the 25th radiotherapy fraction, however, all four genes (FDXR, DDB2, POU2AF1, WNT3) predicting ARS (acute radiation syndrome) severity, as well as further genes (including CCNG1 [median-fold change (FC) = 0.3, P = 0.013], and GADD45A (median-FC = 0.3, P = 0.031)) appeared significantly downregulated (FC = 0.3, P = 0.01-0.03). A significant association of CCNG1, POU2AF1, HPRT1, and WNT3 (P = 0.006-0.04) with acute or late radiotoxicity could be shown before the onset of these clinical outcomes. In an established set of four genes predicting acute health effects in blood, the response in saliva samples was similar to the expected up- (FDXR, DDB2) or downregulation (POU2AF1, WNT3) in blood for up to 71% of the measurements. Comparing GE responses (PHPT1, CCNG1, CDKN1A, GADD45A, SESN1) in saliva and blood samples, there was a significant linear association between saliva and blood response of CDKN1A (R2 = 0.60, P = 0.0004). However, the GE pattern of other genes differed between saliva and blood. In summary, the current human in vivo study, (I) reveals significant radiation-induced GE associations of five transcriptional biomarkers in salivary samples, (II) suggests genes predicting diverse clinical outcomes such as acute and late radiotoxicity as well as ARS severity, and (III) supports the view that blood-based GE response can be reflected in saliva samples, indicating that saliva is a "mirror of the body" for certain but not all genes and, thus, studies for each gene of interest in blood are required for saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Tichý
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Kralove, University of Defence in Brno, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - C Badie
- UK Health Security Agency, Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards Division, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - M Davidkova
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Kultova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Kralove, University of Defence in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Markova Stastna
- Institute for Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Hospital Na Bulovce, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I Sirak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University Hospital and Medical Faculty in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - S Stewart
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - D Schwanke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Kasper
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S A Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
| | - S A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, 10032
| | - W Bäumler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Stroszczynski
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
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2
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Aryankalayil M, Bylicky MA, Chopra S, Dalo J, Scott K, Ueda Y, Coleman CN. Biomarkers for Biodosimetry and Their Role in Predicting Radiation Injury. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:103-109. [PMID: 37285811 PMCID: PMC10946629 DOI: 10.1159/000531444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-related normal tissue injury sustained during cancer radiotherapy or in a radiological or mass casualty nuclear incident is a major health concern. Reducing the risk and mitigating consequences of radiation injury could have a broad impact on cancer patients and citizens. Efforts to discover biomarkers that can determine radiation dose, predict tissue damage, and aid medical triage are underway. Exposure to ionizing radiation causes changes in gene, protein, and metabolite expression that needs to be understood to provide a holistic picture for treating acute and chronic radiation-induced toxicities. We present evidence that both RNA (mRNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNA) and metabolomic assays may provide useful biomarkers of radiation injury. RNA markers may provide information on early pathway alterations after radiation injury that can predict damage and implicate downstream targets for mitigation. In contrast, metabolomics is impacted by changes in epigenetics, genetics, and proteomics and can be considered a downstream marker that incorporates all these changes to provide an assessment of what is currently happening within an organ. We highlight research from the past 10 years to understand how biomarkers may be used to improve personalized medicine in cancer therapy and medical decision-making in mass casualty scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molykutty Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle A Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Juan Dalo
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Scott
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuki Ueda
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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3
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Azimzadeh O, Moertl S, Ramadan R, Baselet B, Laiakis EC, Sebastian S, Beaton D, Hartikainen JM, Kaiser JC, Beheshti A, Salomaa S, Chauhan V, Hamada N. Application of radiation omics in the development of adverse outcome pathway networks: an example of radiation-induced cardiovascular disease. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 98:1722-1751. [PMID: 35976069 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have indicated that exposure of the heart to doses of ionizing radiation as low as 0.5 Gy increases the risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality with a latency period of decades. The damaging effects of radiation to myocardial and endothelial structures and functions have been confirmed radiobiologically at high dose, but much less is known at low dose. Integration of radiation biology and epidemiology data is a recommended approach to improve the radiation risk assessment process. The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework offers a comprehensive tool to compile and translate mechanistic information into pathological endpoints which may be relevant for risk assessment at the different levels of a biological system. Omics technologies enable the generation of large volumes of biological data at various levels of complexity, from molecular pathways to functional organisms. Given the quality and quantity of available data across levels of biology, omics data can be attractive sources of information for use within the AOP framework. It is anticipated that radiation omics studies could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the adverse effects of radiation on the cardiovascular system. In this review, we explored the available omics studies on radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (CVD) and their applicability to the proposed AOP for CVD. RESULTS The results of 80 omics studies published on radiation-induced CVD over the past 20 years have been discussed in the context of the AOP of CVD proposed by Chauhan et al. Most of the available omics data on radiation-induced CVD are from proteomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics, whereas few datasets were available from epigenomics and multi-omics. The omics data presented here show great promise in providing information for several key events of the proposed AOP of CVD, particularly oxidative stress, alterations of energy metabolism, extracellular matrix and vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The omics data presented here shows promise to inform the various levels of the proposed AOP of CVD. However, the data highlight the urgent need of designing omics studies to address the knowledge gap concerning different radiation scenarios, time after exposure and experimental models. This review presents the evidence to build a qualitative omics-informed AOP and provides views on the potential benefits and challenges in using omics data to assess risk-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Azimzadeh
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raghda Ramadan
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | | | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, and Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Christian Kaiser
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Radiation Medicine (HMGU-IRM), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Afshin Beheshti
- KBR, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Sisko Salomaa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vinita Chauhan
- Environmental Health Science Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Komae, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan
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Xiong L, Wang L, Zhang T, Ye X, Huang F, Huang Q, Huang X, Wu J, Zeng J. UHPLC/MS-Based Serum Metabolomics Reveals the Mechanism of Radiation-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147978. [PMID: 35887324 PMCID: PMC9319504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced thrombocytopenia is a common and life-threatening side effect of ionizing radiation (IR) therapy. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, irradiation was demonstrated to significantly reduce platelet levels, inhibit megakaryocyte differentiation, and promote the apoptosis of bone marrow (BM) cells. A metabolomics approach and a UHPLC-QTOF MS system were subsequently employed for the comprehensive analysis of serum metabolic profiles of normal and irradiated mice. A total of 66 metabolites were significantly altered, of which 56 were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated in irradiated mice compared to normal mice on day 11 after irradiation. Pathway analysis revealed that disorders in glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism were involved in radiation-induced thrombocytopenia. In addition, three important differential metabolites, namely L-tryptophan, LysoPC (17:0), and D-sphinganine, which were up-regulated in irradiated mice, significantly induced the apoptosis of K562 cells. L-tryptophan inhibited megakaryocyte differentiation of K562 cells. Finally, serum metabolomics was performed on day 30 (i.e., when the platelet levels in irradiated mice recovered to normal levels). The contents of L-tryptophan, LysoPC (17:0), and D-sphinganine in normal and irradiated mice did not significantly differ on day 30 after irradiation. In conclusion, radiation can cause metabolic disorders, which are highly correlated with the apoptosis of hematopoietic cells and inhibition of megakaryocyte differentiation, ultimately resulting in thrombocytopenia. Further, the metabolites, L-tryptophan, LysoPC (17:0), and D-sphinganine can serve as biomarkers for radiation-induced thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Xinyuan Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinwu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-830-316-2291 (J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.X.); (L.W.); (T.Z.); (X.Y.); (F.H.); (Q.H.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.Z.); Tel./Fax: +86-830-316-2291 (J.Z.)
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5
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Meeks L, De Oliveira Pessoa D, Martinez JA, Limesand KH, Padi M. Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics reveals convergent pathways driving radiation-induced salivary gland dysfunction. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:85-98. [PMID: 33522389 PMCID: PMC7988743 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00127.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy for head and neck cancer causes damage to the surrounding salivary glands, resulting in salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia. Current treatments do not provide lasting restoration of salivary gland function following radiation; therefore, a new mechanistic understanding of the radiation-induced damage response is necessary for identifying therapeutic targets. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the metabolic phenotype of radiation-induced damage in parotid salivary glands by integrating transcriptomic and metabolomic data. Integrated data were then analyzed to identify significant gene-metabolite interactions. Mice received a single 5 Gy dose of targeted head and neck radiation. Parotid tissue samples were collected 5 days following treatment for RNA sequencing and metabolomics analysis. Altered metabolites and transcripts significantly converged on a specific region in the metabolic reaction network. Both integrative pathway enrichment using rank-based statistics and network analysis highlighted significantly coordinated changes in glutathione metabolism, energy metabolism (TCA cycle and thermogenesis), peroxisomal lipid metabolism, and bile acid production with radiation. Integrated changes observed in energy metabolism suggest that radiation induces a mitochondrial dysfunction phenotype. These findings validated previous pathways involved in the radiation-damage response, such as altered energy metabolism, and identified robust signatures in salivary glands, such as reduced glutathione metabolism, that may be driving salivary gland dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Meeks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Jessica A Martinez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kirsten H Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Megha Padi
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Satyamitra MM, Cassatt DR, Hollingsworth BA, Price PW, Rios CI, Taliaferro LP, Winters TA, DiCarlo AL. Metabolomics in Radiation Biodosimetry: Current Approaches and Advances. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080328. [PMID: 32796693 PMCID: PMC7465152 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triage and medical intervention strategies for unanticipated exposure during a radiation incident benefit from the early, rapid and accurate assessment of dose level. Radiation exposure results in complex and persistent molecular and cellular responses that ultimately alter the levels of many biological markers, including the metabolomic phenotype. Metabolomics is an emerging field that promises the determination of radiation exposure by the qualitative and quantitative measurements of small molecules in a biological sample. This review highlights the current role of metabolomics in assessing radiation injury, as well as considerations for the diverse range of bioanalytical and sampling technologies that are being used to detect these changes. The authors also address the influence of the physiological status of an individual, the animal models studied, the technology and analysis employed in interrogating response to the radiation insult, and variables that factor into discovery and development of robust biomarker signatures. Furthermore, available databases for these studies have been reviewed, and existing regulatory guidance for metabolomics are discussed, with the ultimate goal of providing both context for this area of radiation research and the consideration of pathways for continued development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merriline M. Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-669-5432
| | - David R. Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Brynn A. Hollingsworth
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Paul W. Price
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Carmen I. Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Lanyn P. Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Thomas A. Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Andrea L. DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
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7
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Ye F, Ning J, Fardous Z, Katsube T, Li Q, Wang B. Citrulline, A Potential Biomarker of Radiation-Induced Small Intestine Damage. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820962341. [PMID: 33013253 PMCID: PMC7513408 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820962341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation damage assessment of the small intestine is important in nuclear accidents or routine radiotherapy of abdominal tumors. This article reviews the clinical symptoms and molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced small intestinal damage and summarizes recent research on biomarkers of such damage. Citrulline is the most promising biomarker for the evaluation of radiation-induced small intestinal damage caused by radiotherapy and nuclear accidents. This article also summarizes the factors influencing plasma citrulline measurement investigated in the latest research, as well as new findings on the concentration of citrulline in saliva and urine after different types of radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Jing Ning
- Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeenath Fardous
- Institute of Food and Radiation
Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy
Commission, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes
for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes
for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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8
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Sun L, Inaba Y, Kanzaki N, Bekal M, Chida K, Moritake T. Identification of Potential Biomarkers of Radiation Exposure in Blood Cells by Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030812. [PMID: 32012663 PMCID: PMC7037449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodosimetry is a useful method for estimating personal exposure doses to ionizing radiation. Studies have identified metabolites in non-cellular biofluids that can be used as markers in biodosimetry. Levels of metabolites in blood cells may reflect health status or environmental stresses differentially. Here, we report changes in the levels of murine blood cell metabolites following exposure to X-rays in vivo. Levels of blood cell metabolites were measured by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The levels of 100 metabolites were altered substantially following exposure. We identified 2-aminobutyric acid, 2'-deoxycytidine, and choline as potentially useful markers of radiation exposure and established a potential prediction panel of the exposure dose using stepwise regression. Levels of blood cell metabolites may be useful biomarkers in estimating exposure doses during unexpected radiation incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yohei Inaba
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Norie Kanzaki
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Mahesh Bekal
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Chida
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-691-7549
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9
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Kultova G, Tichy A, Rehulkova H, Myslivcova-Fucikova A. The hunt for radiation biomarkers: current situation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:370-382. [PMID: 31829779 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1704909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The possibility of a large-scale acute radiation exposure necessitates the development of new methods that could provide a rapid assessment of the doses received by individuals using high-throughput technologies. There is also a great interest in developing new biomarkers of dose exposure, which could be used in large molecular epidemiological studies in order to correlate estimated doses received and health effects. The goal of this review was to summarize current literature focused on biological dosimetry, namely radiation-responsive biomarkers.Methods: The studies involved in this review were thoroughly selected according to the determined criteria and PRISMA guidelines.Results: We described briefly recent advances in radiation genomics and metabolomics, giving particular emphasis to proteomic analysis. The majority of studies were performed on animal models (rats, mice, and non-human primates). They have provided much beneficial information, but the most relevant tests have been done on human (oncological) patients. By inspecting the radiaiton biodosimetry literate of the last 10 years, we identified a panel of candidate markers for each -omic approach involved.Conslusions: We reviewed different methodological approaches and various biological materials, which can be exploited for dose-effect prediction. The protein biomarkers from human plasma are ideal for this specific purpose. From a plethora of candidate markers, FDXR is a very promising transcriptomic candidate, and importantly this biomarker was also confirmed by some studies at protein level in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Kultova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Rehulkova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Myslivcova-Fucikova
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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10
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Arenas M, Fernández-Arroyo S, Rodríguez-Tomàs E, Sabater S, Murria Y, Gascón M, Amillano K, Melé M, Camps J, Joven J. Effects of radiotherapy on plasma energy metabolites in patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1078-1085. [PMID: 31679126 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is employed in patients with breast cancer (BC) with the aim of reducing tumor burden and improving surgical outcomes. We evaluated the levels of energy metabolites pre- and post-radiotherapy (RT) in breast cancer (BC) patients who previously received NACT and investigated the alterations of these metabolites in relation to the patient achieving a pathologic complete response to NACT. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 37 BC patients who were treated with NACT following surgery and analyzed the concentrations of energy balance-related metabolites using targeted metabolomics before and one month after the end of RT. The control group was composed of 44 healthy women. RESULTS Pre-radiotherapy, patients had significant decreases in the plasma levels of 12 metabolites. RT corrected these alterations and the improvement was superior in patients with a pathologic complete response. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance of metabolism in the outcomes of patients with BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - S Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - E Rodríguez-Tomàs
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - S Sabater
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Y Murria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - M Gascón
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - K Amillano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - M Melé
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - J Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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11
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Taraboletti A, Goudarzi M, Kabir A, Moon BH, Laiakis EC, Lacombe J, Ake P, Shoishiro S, Brenner D, Fornace AJ, Zenhausern F. Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction-A Metabolomic Preprocessing Approach for Ionizing Radiation Exposure Assessment. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3020-3031. [PMID: 31090424 PMCID: PMC7437658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The modern application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to the field of radiation assessment and biodosimetry has allowed for the development of prompt biomarker screenings for radiation exposure. Our previous work on radiation assessment, in easily accessible biofluids (such as urine, blood, saliva), has revealed unique metabolic perturbations in response to radiation quality, dose, and dose rate. Nevertheless, the employment of swift injury assessment in the case of a radiological disaster still remains a challenge as current sample processing can be time consuming and cause sample degradation. To address these concerns, we report a metabolomics workflow using a mass spectrometry-compatible fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) technique. FPSE employs a matrix coated with sol-gel poly(caprolactone-b-dimethylsiloxane-b-caprolactone) that binds both polar and nonpolar metabolites in whole blood, eliminating serum processing steps. We confirm that the FPSE preparation technique combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry can distinguish radiation exposure markers such as taurine, carnitine, arachidonic acid, α-linolenic acid, and oleic acid found 24 h after 8 Gy irradiation. We also note the effect of different membrane fibers on both metabolite extraction efficiency and the temporal stabilization of metabolites in whole blood at room temperature. These findings suggest that the FPSE approach could work in future technology to triage irradiated individuals accurately, via biomarker screening, by providing a novel method to stabilize biofluids between collection and sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Taraboletti
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- International Forensic Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Bo-Hyun Moon
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBiosience and Medicine, University of Arizona, 475 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - Pelagie Ake
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Sueoka Shoishiro
- Center for Applied NanoBiosience and Medicine, University of Arizona, 475 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
| | - David Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, 3800 Reservoir Road Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBiosience and Medicine, University of Arizona, 475 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, 425 North Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004, United States
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12
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Salivary Metabolomics of Total Body Irradiated Nonhuman Primates Reveals Long-Term Normal Tissue Responses to Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 105:843-851. [PMID: 31352081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify metabolomic biomarkers of acute radiation exposure in saliva that show time-dependent changes. METHODS AND MATERIALS Nonhuman primates were exposed to 4 Gy of total body irradiation with γ-rays. Saliva was collected from 7 animals twice before and at days 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 21, 28, and 60 after irradiation. Profiling was conducted with liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Multivariate data analysis and potential biomarker identification was conducted through random Forests and the software MetaboAnalyst. Candidate biomarkers were validated through tandem mass spectrometry, and receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to show the diagnostic ability of the signature over time. RESULTS Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed significant and persistent effects up to the 60 days evaluated in this study. Biomarkers spanning primarily amino acids and nucleotides were identified, with a significant number showing long-term responses. Fifteen biomarkers showed high statistical significance in the first week after irradiation and 16 at >7 days after irradiation (false discovery rate-adjusted P < .05). The combination of the biomarkers in a single biosignature was able to accurately show the diagnostic ability of the signature in a binary classifier system with receiver operating characteristic curves. CONCLUSIONS Radiation can alter the metabolome in saliva, and metabolomics could effectively be used to monitor radiation responses, as a biodosimetry method, in the event of a radiological incident. Saliva metabolomics also has potential relevance in a clinical setting.
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13
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Groves AM, Williams JP. Saving normal tissues - a goal for the ages. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:920-935. [PMID: 30822213 PMCID: PMC7183326 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Almost since the earliest utilization of ionizing radiation, many within the radiation community have worked toward either preventing (i.e. protecting) normal tissues from unwanted radiation injury or rescuing them from the downstream consequences of exposure. However, despite over a century of such investigations, only incremental gains have been made toward this goal and, with certainty, no outright panacea having been found. In celebration of the 60th anniversary of the International Journal of Radiation Biology and to chronicle the efforts that have been made to date, we undertook a non-rigorous survey of the articles published by normal tissue researchers in this area, using those that have appeared in the aforementioned journal as a road map. Three 'snapshots' of publications on normal tissue countermeasures were taken: the earliest (1959-1963) and most recent (2013-2018) 5-year of issues, as well as a 5-year intermediate span (1987-1991). Limiting the survey solely to articles appearing within International Journal of Radiation Biology likely reduced the number of translational studies interrogated given the basic science tenor of this particular publication. In addition, by taking 'snapshots' rather than considering the entire breadth of the journal's history in this field, important papers that were published during the interim periods were omitted, for which we apologize. Nonetheless, since the journal's inception, we observed that, during the chosen periods, the majority of studies undertaken in the field of normal tissue countermeasures, whether investigating radiation protectants, mitigators or treatments, have focused on agents that interfere with the physical, chemical and/or biological effects known to occur during the acute period following whole body/high single dose exposures. This relatively narrow approach to the reduction of normal tissue effects, especially those that can take months, if not years, to develop, seems to contradict our growing understanding of the progressive complexities of the microenvironmental disruption that follows the initial radiation injury. Given the analytical tools now at our disposal and the enormous benefits that may be reaped in terms of improving patient outcomes, as well as the potential for offering countermeasures to those affected by accidental or mass casualty exposures, it appears time to broaden our approaches to developing normal tissue countermeasures. We have no doubt that the contributors and readership of the International Journal of Radiation Biology will continue to contribute to this effort for the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Groves
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neonatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Jacqueline P. Williams
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
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14
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Abstract
Metabolomics, the collective assessment and quantification of small molecules in a given biofluid or tissue sample, has provided new ways in evaluating an individual's exposure level to ionizing radiation or other genotoxic stressors. Protocols that are routinely utilized for the preparation of samples from rodents to patients are presented here in order to be analyzed by high-throughput liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. These protocols are based on established methods in our laboratory that have been used extensively in radiation biodosimetry through metabolomics. These protocols are focused on general profiling of samples and therefore do not concentrate on extraction of specific classes on metabolites (e.g., eicosanoids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evagelia C Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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15
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Arenas M, Rodríguez E, García-Heredia A, Fernández-Arroyo S, Sabater S, Robaina R, Gascón M, Rodríguez-Pla M, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Hernández-Aguilera A, Fort-Gallifa I, Camps J, Joven J. Metabolite normalization with local radiotherapy following breast tumor resection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207474. [PMID: 30444915 PMCID: PMC6239311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate changes in energy balance-associated metabolites associated with radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer, and to relate these changes to the clinical and pathological response-to-treatment. We studied 151 women with breast cancer who received radiotherapy following surgical excision of the tumor. Blood was obtained before and after the irradiation procedure. The control group was composed of 44 healthy women with a similar age distribution to that of the patients. We analyzed the concentrations of metabolites involved in glycolysis, citric acid cycle and amino acid metabolism using targeted quantitative metabolomics. Post-surgery, pre-radiotherapy, patients had major alterations in the serum concentrations of products of glycolysis, citric acid cycle and amino acid metabolism. The strongest alterations were decreases in serine, leucine and isoleucine concentrations. Alterations in metabolite levels were partially, or totally, reversed after irradiation; the concentrations of serine, leucine and isoleucine approached equivalence to those of the control group. Estrogen receptor-positive patients were those with lower concentrations, while triple negative patients had higher concentrations of these amino acids. The normalization of the amino acids serine, leucine and isoleucine concentrations could be clinically relevant because the normalization of these energy-balance metabolites would suggest that residual micro-metastatic disease had been effectively diminished by the radiotherapy, and may be an indicator of its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Arenas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Rodríguez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Sebastià Sabater
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Rogelio Robaina
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marina Gascón
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Rodríguez-Pla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemí Cabré
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Isabel Fort-Gallifa
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
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16
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Laiakis EC, Wang YW, Young EF, Harken AD, Xu Y, Smilenov L, Garty GY, Brenner DJ, Fornace AJ. Metabolic Dysregulation after Neutron Exposures Expected from an Improvised Nuclear Device. Radiat Res 2017; 188:21-34. [PMID: 28475424 PMCID: PMC5714588 DOI: 10.1667/rr14656.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increased threat of terrorism across the globe has raised fears that certain groups will acquire and use radioactive materials to inflict maximum damage. In the event that an improvised nuclear device (IND) is detonated, a potentially large population of victims will require assessment for radiation exposure. While photons will contribute to a major portion of the dose, neutrons may be responsible for the severity of the biologic effects and cellular responses. We investigated differences in response between these two radiation types by using metabolomics and lipidomics to identify biomarkers in urine and blood of wild-type C57BL/6 male mice. Identification of metabolites was based on a 1 Gy dose of radiation. Compared to X rays, a neutron spectrum similar to that encountered in Hiroshima at 1-1.5 km from the epicenter induced a severe metabolic dysregulation, with perturbations in amino acid metabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation being the predominant ones. Urinary metabolites were able to discriminate between neutron and X rays on day 1 as well as day 7 postirradiation, while serum markers showed such discrimination only on day 1. Free fatty acids from omega-6 and omega-3 pathways were also decreased with 1 Gy of neutrons, implicating cell membrane dysfunction and impaired phospholipid metabolism, which should otherwise lead to release of those molecules in circulation. While a precise relative biological effectiveness value could not be calculated from this study, the results are consistent with other published studies showing higher levels of damage from neutrons, demonstrated here by increased metabolic dysregulation. Metabolomics can therefore aid in identifying global perturbations in blood and urine, and effectively distinguishing between neutron and photon exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Andrew D. Harken
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York
| | - Yanping Xu
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Lubomir Smilenov
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Guy Y. Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia University, Irvington, New York
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
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17
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Lacombe J, Brooks C, Hu C, Menashi E, Korn R, Yang F, Zenhausern F. Analysis of Saliva Gene Expression during Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy: A Pilot Study. Radiat Res 2017; 188:75-81. [PMID: 28504589 DOI: 10.1667/rr14707.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Saliva, a biological fluid, is a promising candidate for novel approaches to prognosis, clinical diagnosis, monitoring and management of patients with both oral and systemic diseases. However, to date, saliva has not been widely investigated as a biomarker for radiation exposure. Since white blood cells are also present in saliva, it should theoretically be possible to investigate the transcriptional biomarkers of radiation exposure classically studied in whole blood. Therefore, we collected whole blood and saliva samples from eight head and neck cancer patients before the start of radiation treatment, at mid-treatment and after treatment. We then used a panel of five genes: BAX, BBC3, CDKN1A, DDB2 and MDM2, designated for assessing radiation dose in whole blood to evaluate gene expression changes that can occur during radiotherapy. The results revealed that the expression of the five genes did not change in whole blood. However, in saliva, CDKN1A and DDB2 were significantly overexpressed at the end, compared to the start, of radiotherapy, and MDM2 was significantly underexpressed between mid-treatment and at the end of treatment. Interestingly, CDKN1A and DDB2 expressions also showed an increasing monotonic relationship with total radiation dose received during radiotherapy. To our knowledge, these results show for the first time the ability to detect gene expression changes in saliva after head and neck cancer radiotherapy, and pave the way for further promising studies validating saliva as a minimally invasive means of biofluid collection to directly measure radiation dose escalation during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- a Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Chandler, Arizona 85226
| | - Carla Brooks
- a Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Chandler, Arizona 85226
| | - Chengcheng Hu
- b Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona 85004
| | | | - Ronald Korn
- c Honor Health Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona 85258
| | - Farley Yang
- c Honor Health Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona 85258.,d Arizona Center for Cancer Care, Honor Health, Scottsdale, Arizona 85251
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- a Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Chandler, Arizona 85226.,c Honor Health Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona 85258.,e Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona 85004
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18
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Chen H, Chen L, Liu D, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Yu XY, Zhang L, Su W, Bai X, Zhao YY. Combined Clinical Phenotype and Lipidomic Analysis Reveals the Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Lipid Metabolism. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1566-1578. [PMID: 28286957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in significant dyslipidemia and profound changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. The associated dyslipidemia, in turn, contributes to progression of CKD and its cardiovascular complications. To gain an in-depth insight into the disorders of lipid metabolism in advanced CKD, we applied UPLC-HDMS-based lipidomics to measure serum lipid metabolites in 180 patients with advanced CKD and 120 age-matched healthy controls. We found significant increases in the levels of total free fatty acids, glycerolipids, and glycerophospholipids in patients with CKD. The levels of free fatty acids, glycerolipids, and glycerophospholipids directly correlated with the level of serum triglyceride and inversely correlated with the levels of total cholesterol and eGFR. A total of 126 lipid species were identified from positive and negative ion modes. Out of 126, 113 identified lipid species were significantly altered in patients with CKD based on the adjusted FDR method. These results pointed to profound disturbance of fatty acid and triglyceride metabolisms in patients with CKD. Logistic regression analysis showed strong correlations between serum methyl hexadecanoic acid, LPC(24:1), 3-oxooctadecanoic acid, and PC(20:2/24:1) levels with eGFR and serum creatinine levels (R > 0.8758). In conclusion, application of UPLC-HDMS-based lipidomic technique revealed profound changes in lipid metabolites in patients with CKD. The observed increases in serum total fatty acids, glycerolipids, and glycerophospholipids levels directly correlated with increased serum triglyceride level and inversely correlated with the eGFR and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine , MedSci 1 C352, Irvine, California 92897, United States
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine , No. 2 Xihuamen, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital , No. 2 Jiefang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital , No. 8 Jiangtan Road, Baoji, Shaanxi 721008, China
| | - Xu Bai
- Solution Centre, Waters Technologies (Shanghai) Ltd. , No. 1000 Jinhai Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University , No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
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Pannkuk EL, Fornace AJ, Laiakis EC. Metabolomic applications in radiation biodosimetry: exploring radiation effects through small molecules. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1151-1176. [PMID: 28067089 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1269218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure of the general population to ionizing radiation has increased in the past decades, primarily due to long distance travel and medical procedures. On the other hand, accidental exposures, nuclear accidents, and elevated threats of terrorism with the potential detonation of a radiological dispersal device or improvised nuclear device in a major city, all have led to increased needs for rapid biodosimetry and assessment of exposure to different radiation qualities and scenarios. Metabolomics, the qualitative and quantitative assessment of small molecules in a given biological specimen, has emerged as a promising technology to allow for rapid determination of an individual's exposure level and metabolic phenotype. Advancements in mass spectrometry techniques have led to untargeted (discovery phase, global assessment) and targeted (quantitative phase) methods not only to identify biomarkers of radiation exposure, but also to assess general perturbations of metabolism with potential long-term consequences, such as cancer, cardiovascular, and pulmonary disease. CONCLUSIONS Metabolomics of radiation exposure has provided a highly informative snapshot of metabolic dysregulation. Biomarkers in easily accessible biofluids and biospecimens (urine, blood, saliva, sebum, fecal material) from mouse, rat, and minipig models, to non-human primates and humans have provided the basis for determination of a radiation signature to assess the need for medical intervention. Here we provide a comprehensive description of the current status of radiation metabolomic studies for the purpose of rapid high-throughput radiation biodosimetry in easily accessible biofluids and discuss future directions of radiation metabolomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan L Pannkuk
- a Tumor Biology Program , Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- b Molecular Oncology , Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA.,c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology , Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA
| | - Evagelia C Laiakis
- c Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology , Georgetown University , Washington DC , USA
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Oral Biofluid Biomarker Research: Current Status and Emerging Frontiers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2016; 6:diagnostics6040045. [PMID: 27999326 PMCID: PMC5192520 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics6040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary diagnostics is a rapidly advancing field that offers clinicians and patients the potential of rapid, noninvasive diagnostics with excellent accuracy. In order for the complete realization of the potential of saliva, however, extensive profiling of constituents must be conducted and diagnostic biomarkers must be thoroughly validated. This article briefly overviews the process of conducting a study of salivary biomarkers in a patient cohort and highlights the studies that have been conducted on different classes of molecules in the saliva. Emerging frontiers in salivary diagnostics research that may significantly advance the field will also be highlighted.
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