1
|
Broustas CG, Mukherjee S, Shuryak I, Taraboletti A, Angdisen J, Ake P, Fornace AJ, Amundson SA. Impact of GADD45A on Radiation Biodosimetry Using Mouse Peripheral Blood. Radiat Res 2023; 200:296-306. [PMID: 37421415 PMCID: PMC10559452 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00052.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
High-dose-radiation exposure in a short period of time leads to radiation syndromes characterized by severe acute and delayed organ-specific injury accompanied by elevated organismal morbidity and mortality. Radiation biodosimetry based on gene expression analysis of peripheral blood is a valuable tool to detect exposure to radiation after a radiological/nuclear incident and obtain useful biological information that could predict tissue and organismal injury. However, confounding factors, including chronic inflammation, can potentially obscure the predictive power of the method. GADD45A (Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible gene a) plays important roles in cell growth control, differentiation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. GADD45A-deficient mice develop an autoimmune disease, similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus, characterized by severe hematological disorders, kidney disease, and premature death. The goal of this study was to elucidate how pre-existing inflammation in mice, induced by GADD45A ablation, can affect radiation biodosimetry. We exposed wild-type and GADD45A knockout male C57BL/6J mice to 7 Gy of X rays and 24 h later RNA was isolated from whole blood and subjected to whole genome microarray and gene ontology analyses. Dose reconstruction analysis using a gene signature trained on gene expression data from irradiated wild-type male mice showed accurate reconstruction of either a 0 Gy or 7 Gy dose with root mean square error of ± 1.05 Gy (R^2 = 1.00) in GADD45A knockout mice. Gene ontology analysis revealed that irradiation of both wild-type and GADD45A-null mice led to a significant overrepresentation of pathways associated with morbidity and mortality, as well as organismal cell death. However, based on their z-score, these pathways were predicted to be more significantly overrepresented in GADD45A-null mice, implying that GADD45A deletion may exacerbate the deleterious effects of radiation on blood cells. Numerous immune cell functions and quantities were predicted to be underrepresented in both genotypes; however, differentially expressed genes from irradiated GADD45A knockout mice predicted an increased deterioration in the numbers of T lymphocytes, as well as myeloid cells, compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, an overrepresentation of genes associated with radiation-induced hematological malignancies was associated with GADD45A knockout mice, whereas hematopoietic and progenitor cell functions were predicted to be downregulated in irradiated GADD45A knockout mice. In conclusion, despite the significant differences in gene expression between wild-type and GADD45A knockout mice, it is still feasible to identify a panel of genes that could accurately distinguish between irradiated and control mice, irrespective of pre-existing inflammation status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G. Broustas
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sanjay Mukherjee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexandra Taraboletti
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jerry Angdisen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Pelagie Ake
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bertucci A, Wilkins RC, Lachapelle S, Turner HC, Brenner DJ, Garty G. Comparison of Isolated Lymphocyte and Whole Blood-Based CBMN Assays for Radiation Triage. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:110-120. [PMID: 37573770 PMCID: PMC10859551 DOI: 10.1159/000533488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a mass-casualty nuclear/radiological event, there will be an important need for rapid and accurate estimation of absorbed dose for biological triage. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established and validated cytogenetic biomarker used to assess DNA damage in irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Here, we describe an intercomparison experiment between two biodosimetry laboratories, located at Columbia University (CU) and Health Canada (HC) that performed different variants of the human blood CBMN assay to reconstruct dose in human blood, with CU performing the assay on isolated lymphocytes and using semi-automated scoring whereas HC used the more conventional whole blood assay. Although the micronucleus yields varied significantly between the two assays, the predicted doses closely matched up to 4 Gy - the range from which the HC calibration curve was previously established. These results highlight the importance of a robust calibration curve(s) across a wide age range of donors that match the exposure scenario as closely as possible and that will account for differences in methodology between laboratories. We have seen that at low doses, variability in the results may be attributed to variation in the processing while at higher doses the variation is dominated by inter-individual variation in cell proliferation. This interlaboratory collaboration further highlights the usefulness of the CBMN endpoint to accurately reconstruct absorbed dose in human blood after ionizing radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bertucci
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Currently at: Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ruth C. Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lachapelle
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Cai TJ, Lu X, Tian M, Liu QJ. Effects of cyclophosphamide and mitomycin C on radiation-induced transcriptional biomarkers in human lymphoblastoid cells. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1948-1960. [PMID: 37530590 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2241907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced transcriptional changes are considered a potential biodosimetry for dose evaluation and health risk monitoring of acute or chronic radiation exposure. It is crucial to understand the impact of confounding factors on the radiation-responsive gene expressions for accurate and reproducible dose assessment. This study aims to explore the potential influence of exposures to chemotherapeutic agents such as cyclophosphamide (CP) and mitomycin C (MMC) on IR-induced transcriptional biomarkers. METHODS The human B lymphoblastoid cells (AHH-1) were exposed to 0, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 μg/ml CP or 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 1 μg/ml MMC, respectively. The appropriate concentrations of CP and MMC were added for 1 h before irradiation with 0, 2, 4 and 6 Gy of 60Co γ-rays at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. The gene expression responses of 18 radiation-induced transcriptional biomarkers were examined at 24 h after exposures to CP and MMC, respectively. The expression levels of five crucial DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) repair genes were also evaluated. The biodosimetry models were established based on the specific radiation-responsive gene combinations. RESULTS The baseline transcriptional levels of the 18 selected genes were slightly affected by CP treatment in the absence of IR, while the transcript responses to IR could be inhibited as the concentration of CP up to 50 μg/ml. MMC treatment up-regulated the background levels in most radiation-responsive gene expressions. Of 18 genes, only the relative mRNA expression levels of CDKN1A and BBC3 were repressed after treatment with IR and MMC in combination. The relative mRNA level of RAD51 was significantly up-regulated after exposure to CP, while the expression of FANCD2, RAD51 and BLM showed an overall increase in response to MMC treatment. After irradiation, the relative mRNA expression levels of FANCD2, BRCA2 and RAD51 exhibited dose-dependent increases in IR alone and MMC treatment groups. In addition, the biodosimetry models were established using 2-4 radiation-responsive genes based on different radiation exposure scenarios. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that IR-induced gene expression changes were slightly affected after exposure to a relatively low concentration of CP and MMC. Gene expression combinations might improve the broad applicability of transcriptional biodosimetry across diverse radiation exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mukherjee P, Kumar K, Babu B, Purkayastha J, Chandna S. Alterations in the expression pattern of RBC membrane associated proteins (RMAPs) in whole body γ-irradiated Sprague Dawley rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1724-1737. [PMID: 37315317 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2219726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Peripheral blood serum/plasma proteins are frequently studied for their potential use as radiation exposure biomarkers. Here we report RBC membrane associated proteins (RMAPs), which show alterations in expression level following whole-body γ-irradiation of rats at sub-lethal/lethal doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS RBCs from peripheral blood of Sprague Dawley rats were segregated using the Ficoll-Hypaque method, and membrane fractions were hypotonically isolated at various time points (6 h, 24 h, 48 h) after γ-irradiation at 2 Gy, 5 Gy, and 7.5 Gy doses. Following purification of proteins from these fractions, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was carried out. Treatment induced differentially expressed protein spots (≥2 fold increase/decrease) were picked up, trypsinized, and identified using LC-MS/MS analysis. Western immunoblots using protein specific antibodies were used to confirm the results. Gene ontology and interactions of these proteins were also studied. RESULTS From a number of differentially expressed radiation-responsive 2-DE protein spots detected, eight were identified unequivocally using LC-MS/MS. Out of these, actin, cytoplasmic 1 (ACTB) showed detectable yet insignificant variation (<50%) in expression. In contrast, peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2) and 26S proteasome regulatory subunit RPN11 (PSMD14) were the two most prominently over-expressed proteins. Five more proteins, namely tropomyosin alpha-3 chain (TPM3), exosome component 6 (EXOSC6), isoform 4 of tropomyosin alpha-1 chain (TPM1), serum albumin (ALB), and the 55 kDa erythrocyte membrane protein (P55) showed distinct alteration in their expression at different time-points and doses. ALB, EXOSC6, and PSMD14 were the most responsive at 2 Gy, albeit at different time-points. While EXOSC6 and PSMD14 showed maximum over-expression (5-12 fold) at 6 h post-irradiation, ALB expression increased progressively (4 up to 7 fold) from 6 h to 48 h. TPM1 showed over-expression (2-3 fold) at all doses and time-points tested. TPM3 showed a dose-dependent response at all time-points studied; with no variation at 2 Gy, ∼2 fold increase at 5 Gy, and 3-6 fold at the highest dose used (7.5 Gy). The p55 protein was over-expressed (∼2.5 fold) only transiently at 24 h following the lethal (7.5 Gy) dose. CONCLUSION This is the first study to report γ-radiation induced alterations in the RBC membrane associated proteins. We are further evaluating the potential of these proteins as radiation biomarkers. Due to the abundance and easy use of RBCs, this approach can prove very useful for detecting ionizing radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddho Mukherjee
- Division of Molecular & Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Brig. S K Majumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Kamendra Kumar
- Division of Molecular & Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Brig. S K Majumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Bincy Babu
- Division of Molecular & Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Brig. S K Majumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Jubilee Purkayastha
- Division of Molecular & Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Brig. S K Majumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Chandna
- Division of Molecular & Radiation Biosciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Brig. S K Majumdar Marg, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
M’Kacher R, Colicchio B, Junker S, El Maalouf E, Heidingsfelder L, Plesch A, Dieterlen A, Jeandidier E, Carde P, Voisin P. High Resolution and Automatable Cytogenetic Biodosimetry Using In Situ Telomere and Centromere Hybridization for the Accurate Detection of DNA Damage: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065699. [PMID: 36982772 PMCID: PMC10054499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the event of a radiological or nuclear accident, or when physical dosimetry is not available, the scoring of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes constitutes an essential tool for the estimation of the absorbed dose of the exposed individual and for effective triage. Cytogenetic biodosimetry employs different cytogenetic assays including the scoring of dicentrics, micronuclei, and translocations as well as analyses of induced premature chromosome condensation to define the frequency of chromosome aberrations. However, inherent challenges using these techniques include the considerable time span from sampling to result, the sensitivity and specificity of the various techniques, and the requirement of highly skilled personnel. Thus, techniques that obviate these challenges are needed. The introduction of telomere and centromere (TC) staining have successfully met these challenges and, in addition, greatly improved the efficiency of cytogenetic biodosimetry through the development of automated approaches, thus reducing the need for specialized personnel. Here, we review the role of the various cytogenetic dosimeters and their recent improvements in the management of populations exposed to genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation. Finally, we discuss the emerging potentials to exploit these techniques in a wider spectrum of medical and biological applications, e.g., in cancer biology to identify prognostic biomarkers for the optimal triage and treatment of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radhia M’Kacher
- Cell Environment DNA Damage R&D, Genopole, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-160878918
| | - Bruno Colicchio
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, 69093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Steffen Junker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Elie El Maalouf
- Cell Environment DNA Damage R&D, Genopole, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | | | - Andreas Plesch
- MetaSystems GmbH, Robert-Bosch-Str. 6, D-68804 Altlussheim, Germany
| | - Alain Dieterlen
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, 69093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Eric Jeandidier
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, 69093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Patrice Carde
- Department of Hematology, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94804 Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Voisin
- Cell Environment DNA Damage R&D, Genopole, 91000 Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Identification of radiation responsive RBC membrane associated proteins (RMAPs) in whole-body γ-irradiated New Zealand white rabbits. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 37:e00783. [PMID: 36718137 PMCID: PMC9883204 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to identify radiation-responsive RBC Membrane Associated Proteins (RMAPs) in Rabbits in vivo. Male New Zealand White rabbits were exposed to a single acute total body γ-radiation dose of 2 Gy at a dose rate of 0.746 Gy/min. Following this, at early time points of 6 h till the 7 d, RMAPs were collected and analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to explore the biological functions of these proteins. Based on fold change, radiation responsiveness, GO, pathway enrichment, and hub position in the PPI network, we identified seven RMAPs as potential biomarker candidates viz., PVALB, PRKCB, GPD1, CP2G1, CSNK2B, ATP1B1, TPI1. As per KEGG enrichment, most of the proteins were implicated in cellular radiation response, oxidative damage, DNA repair, apoptosis, immune response, and cell signaling. This study forms the foundation for RMAPs-based Proteomic strategies for high throughput radiation bio-dosimetry for triage in the case of a radiological/nuclear incident.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu G. Revision of cytogenetic dosimetry in the IAEA manual 2011 based on data about radio-sensitivity and dose-rate findings contributing. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22621. [PMID: 36260291 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200769rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In order to achieve the goal of rapid response, effective controland protection of life inlarge-scale radiation events, the IAEA Manual 2011 has been revised based on the data of radio-sensitivity, dose-rate findings. Analyze individual differences in radiation sensitivity using 60 Co radiation (0.27 Gy/min). Chromosomal aberrations with different irradiation dose rates were used to establish the biological dose curve and analyze the excess of the "dicentric + ring" caused by the dose rate at each dose point; DAPI-images and Metafer 4 were used to capture metaphase images and make further analysis. The data were collected in 2020, Dicentric + ring/100 Cells was 17.5-43.8, the average value was28.32 ± 6.98. The mean value of Dicentric + ring/100 Cells was 31.37 in males while 25.27 in females, there are significant differences (p < .01). The irradiation dose is dominant, At each dose point, the value of"(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/cell" is proportional to "dose rate", that is, Y = kx + b, within the dose range of 1-5 Gy, "(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/Cell" holds a quadratic linear relationship with dose rate, that is, y = ax2 + bx + c; The DAPI-images might give you more hints than those of conventional Giemsa-stain. The authors recommend that the IAEA Manual 2011 could be revised based on data of radio-sensitivity and dose-rate, which may contribute to the establishment of a unified dose-response calibration curve and stimulation of potential for automation in cytogenetic biodosimetry. (1) Individual differences of radiosensitivity are very large. (2) At each dose point, "(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/cell" is proportional to "dose rate", that is, Y = kx + b. (3) "(dicentric chromosome + centric rings)/Cell" is a quadratic linear relationship with dose rate, that is, y = ax2 + bx + c. (4) We created a "Unity Standard Curve of Biological Dose Estimation". Creating a Unity Standard Curve of Biological Dose, under these circumstances, we can form a joint and rapid response to a nuclear and radiological accident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Joint Laboratory of Institute of Radiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Transcriptomes of Wet Skin Biopsies Predict Outcomes after Ionizing Radiation Exposure with Potential Dosimetric Applications in a Mouse Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:3711-3734. [PMID: 36005150 PMCID: PMC9406351 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44080254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Countermeasures for radiation diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are trailing behind the proliferation of nuclear energy and weaponry. Radiation injury mechanisms at the systems biology level are not fully understood. Here, mice skin biopsies at h2, d4, d7, d21, and d28 after exposure to 1, 3, 6, or 20 Gy whole-body ionizing radiation were evaluated for the potential application of transcriptional alterations in radiation diagnosis and prognosis. Exposure to 20 Gy was lethal by d7, while mice who received 1, 3, or 6 Gy survived the 28-day time course. A Sammon plot separated samples based on survival and time points (TPs) within lethal (20 Gy) and sublethal doses. The differences in the numbers, regulation mode, and fold change of significantly differentially transcribed genes (SDTGs, p < 0.05 and FC > 2) were identified between lethal and sublethal doses, and down and upregulation dominated transcriptomes during the first post-exposure week, respectively. The numbers of SDTGs and the percentages of upregulated ones revealed stationary downregulation post-lethal dose in contrast to responses to sublethal doses which were dynamic and largely upregulated. Longitudinal up/downregulated SDTGs ratios suggested delayed and extended responses with increasing IR doses in the sublethal range and lethal-like responses in late TPs. This was supported by the distributions of common and unique genes across TPs within each dose. Several genes with potential dosimetric marker applications were identified. Immune, fibrosis, detoxification, hematological, neurological, gastric, cell survival, migration, and proliferation radiation response pathways were identified, with the majority predicted to be activated after sublethal and inactivated after lethal exposures, particularly during the first post-exposure week.
Collapse
|
9
|
May JM, Shankavaram U, Bylicky MA, Chopra S, Scott K, Martello S, Thrall K, Axtelle J, Menon N, Coleman CN, Aryankalayil MJ. Serum RNA biomarkers for predicting survival in non-human primates following thoracic radiation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12333. [PMID: 35853961 PMCID: PMC9296457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a mass radiation exposure, the healthcare system may rely on differential expression of miRNA to determine exposure and effectively allocate resources. To this end, miRNome analysis was performed on non-human primate serum after whole thorax photon beam irradiation of 9.8 or 10.7 Gy with dose rate 600 cGy/min. Serum was collected up to 270 days after irradiation and sequenced to determine immediate and delayed effects on miRNA expression. Elastic net based GLM methods were used to develop models that predicted the dose vs. controls at 81% accuracy at Day 15. A three-group model at Day 9 achieved 71% accuracy in determining if an animal would die in less than 90 days, between 90 and 269 days, or survive the length of the study. At Day 21, we achieved 100% accuracy in determining whether an animal would later develop pleural effusion. These results demonstrate the potential ability of miRNAs to determine thorax partial-body irradiation dose and forecast survival or complications early following whole thorax irradiation in large animal models. Future experiments incorporating additional doses and independent animal cohorts are warranted to validate these results. Development of a serum miRNA assay will facilitate the administration of medical countermeasures to increase survival and limit normal tissue damage following a mass exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M May
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Scott
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Martello
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karla Thrall
- Altasciences Preclinical Seattle LLC, Everett, WA, USA
| | | | | | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Akh LA, Ishak MO, Harris JF, Glaros TG, Sasiene ZJ, Mach PM, Lilley LM, McBride EM. -Omics potential of in vitro skin models for radiation exposure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:390. [PMID: 35776214 PMCID: PMC11073334 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need to uncover biomarkers of ionizing radiation exposure that leads to a better understanding of how exposures take place, including dose type, rate, and time since exposure. As one of the first organs to be exposed to external sources of ionizing radiation, skin is uniquely positioned in terms of model systems for radiation exposure study. The simultaneous evolution of both MS-based -omics studies, as well as in vitro 3D skin models, has created the ability to develop a far more holistic understanding of how ionizing radiation affects the many interconnected biomolecular processes that occur in human skin. However, there are a limited number of studies describing the biomolecular consequences of low-dose ionizing radiation to the skin. This review will seek to explore the current state-of-the-art technology in terms of in vitro 3D skin models, as well as track the trajectory of MS-based -omics techniques and their application to ionizing radiation research, specifically, the search for biomarkers within the low-dose range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leyla A Akh
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Mohammad O Ishak
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Jennifer F Harris
- Biosecurity and Public Health Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Trevor G Glaros
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Zachary J Sasiene
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Phillip M Mach
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Laura M Lilley
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Group, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| | - Ethan M McBride
- Bioenergy and Biome Sciences Group, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tsogbadrakh B, Jung JA, Lee M, Lee JA, Seo JH. Identifying serum miRNA biomarkers for radiation exposure in hematopoietic humanized NSG-SGM3 mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:51-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
12
|
Sproull M, Nishita D, Chang P, Moroni M, Citrin D, Shankavaram U, Camphausen K. Comparison of Proteomic Expression Profiles after Radiation Exposure across Four Different Species. Radiat Res 2022; 197:315-323. [PMID: 35073400 PMCID: PMC9053310 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00182.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to identify biomarkers of radiation exposure for use in development of circulating biodosimeters for radiation exposure and for clinical use as markers of radiation injury. Most research approaches for biomarker discovery rely on a single animal model. The current study sought to take advantage of a novel aptamer-based proteomic assay which has been validated for use in many species to characterize changes to the blood proteome after total-body irradiation (TBI) across four different mammalian species including humans. Plasma was collected from C57BL6 mice, Sinclair minipigs, and Rhesus non-human primates (NHPs) receiving a single dose of TBI at a range of 3.3 Gy to 4.22 Gy at 24 h postirradiation. NHP and minipig models were irradiated using a 60Co source at a dose rate of 0.6 Gy/min, the C57BL6 mouse model using an X-ray source at a dose rate of 2.28 Gy/min and clinical samples from a photon source at 10 cGy/min. Plasma was collected from human patients receiving a single dose of 2 Gy TBI collected 6 h postirradiation. Plasma was screened using the aptamer-based SomaLogic SomaScan® proteomic assay technology to evaluate changes in the expression of 1,310 protein analytes. Confirmatory analysis of protein expression of biomarker HIST1H1C, was completed using plasma from C57BL6 mice receiving a 2, 3.5 or 8 Gy TBI collected at days 1, 3, and 7 postirradiation by singleplex ELISA. Summary of key pathways with altered expression after radiation exposure across all four mammalian species was determined using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Detectable values were obtained for all 1,310 proteins in all samples included in the SomaScan assay. A subset panel of protein biomarkers which demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) changes in expression of at least 1.3-fold after radiation exposure were characterized for each species. IPA of significantly altered proteins yielded a variety of top disease and biofunction pathways across species with the organismal injury and abnormalities pathway held in common for all four species. The HIST1H1C protein was shown to be radiation responsive within the human, NHP and murine species within the SomaScan dataset and was shown to demonstrate dose dependent upregulation at 2, 3.5 and 8 Gy at 24 h postirradiation in a separate murine cohort by ELISA. The SomaScan proteomics platform is a useful screening tool to evaluate changes in biomarker expression across multiple mammalian species. In our study, we were able to identify a novel biomarker of radiation exposure, HIST1H1C, and characterize panels of radiation responsive proteins and functional proteomic pathways altered by radiation exposure across murine, minipig, NHP and human species. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of using a multispecies approach for biomarker discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Sproull
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Maria Moroni
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sudprasert W, Belyakov OV, Tashiro S. Biological and internal dosimetry for radiation medicine: current status and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:247-254. [PMID: 34977921 PMCID: PMC8944326 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Hiroshima International Council for Health Care of the Radiation-Exposed (HICARE) jointly organized two relevant workshops in Hiroshima, Japan, i.e. a Training Meeting 'Biodosimetry in the 21st century' (BIODOSE-21) on 10-14 June 2013 and a Workshop on 'Biological and internal dosimetry: recent advance and clinical applications' which took place between 17 and 21 February 2020. The main objective of the first meeting was to develop the ability of biodosimetry laboratories to use mature and novel techniques in biological dosimetry for the estimation of radiation doses received by individuals and populations. This meeting had a special focus on the Asia-Pacific region and was connected with the then on-going IAEA Coordinated Research Project (CRP) E35008 'Strengthening of "Biological dosimetry" in IAEA Member States: Improvement of current techniques and intensification of collaboration and networking among the different institutes' (2012-17). The meeting was attended by 25 participants, which included 11 lecturers. The 14 trainees for this meeting came from India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. During the meeting 13 lectures by HICARE and IAEA invited lecturers were delivered besides eight research reports presented by the IAEA CRP E35008 network centers from the Asia-Pacific region. Two laboratory exercises were also undertaken, one each at Hiroshima University and the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF). The second training workshop aimed to discuss with the participants the use of mature and novel techniques in biological and internal dosimetry for the estimation of radiation effects by accidental, environmental and medical exposures. The workshop was attended by 19 participants from Indonesia, Jordan, Oman, Philippines, Singapore, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, UAE, USA and Yemen. The main outcome of both meetings was a review of the state-of-the-art of biodosimetry and internal dosimetry and their future perspectives in medical management. This report highlights the learning outcome of two meetings for the benefit of all stake-holders in the field of biological and internal dosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Sudprasert
- Department of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oleg V Belyakov
- Corresponding author. Section of Applied Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy, Division of Human Health, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400 Vienna, Austria. E-mail:
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Evans AC, Setzkorn T, Edmondson DA, Segelke H, Wilson PF, Matthay KK, Granger MM, Marachelian A, Haas-Kogan DA, DuBois SG, Coleman MA. Peripheral Blood Transcript Signatures after Internal 131I-mIBG Therapy in Relapsed and Refractory Neuroblastoma Patients Identifies Early and Late Biomarkers of Internal 131I Exposures. Radiat Res 2022; 197:101-112. [PMID: 34673986 PMCID: PMC8870530 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00173.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (131I-mIBG) is a targeted radiation therapy developed for the treatment of advanced neuroblastoma. We have previously shown that this patient cohort can be used to predict absorbed dose associated with early 131I exposure, 72 h after treatment. We now expand these studies to identify gene expression differences associated with 131I-mIBG exposure 15 days after treatment. Total RNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes was isolated from 288 whole blood samples representing 59 relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma patients before and after 131I-mIBG treatment. We found that several transcripts predictive of early exposure returned to baseline levels by day 15, however, selected transcripts did not return to baseline. At 72 h, all 17 selected pathway-specific transcripts were differentially expressed. Transcripts CDKN1A (P < 0.000001), FDXR (P < 0.000001), DDB2 (P < 0.000001), and BBC3 (P < 0.000001) showed the highest up-regulation at 72 h after 131I-mIBG exposure, with mean log2 fold changes of 2.55, 2.93, 1.86 and 1.85, respectively. At day 15 after 131I-mIBG, 11 of the 17 selected transcripts were differentially expressed, with XPC, STAT5B, PRKDC, MDM2, POLH, IGF1R, and SGK1 displaying significant up-regulation at 72 h and significant down-regulation at day 15. Interestingly, transcripts FDXR (P = 0.01), DDB2 (P = 0.03), BCL2 (P = 0.003), and SESN1 (P < 0.0003) maintained differential expression 15 days after 131I-mIBG treatment. These results suggest that transcript levels for DNA repair, apoptosis, and ionizing radiation-induced cellular stress are still changing by 15 days after 131I-mIBG treatment. Our studies showcase the use of biodosimetry gene expression panels as predictive biomarkers following early (72 h) and late (15 days) internal 131I exposure. Our findings also demonstrate the utility of our transcript panel to differentiate exposed from non-exposed individuals up to 15 days after exposure from internal 131I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela C. Evans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Tim Setzkorn
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, Germany
| | | | - Haley Segelke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | - Paul F. Wilson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Katherine K. Matthay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco California
| | | | - Araz Marachelian
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daphne A. Haas-Kogan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven G. DuBois
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew A. Coleman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Entine F, Garnier G, Dondey M, Rizzi Y, Gobert A, Bassinet C, Papin S, Pennacino I, Cazoulat A, Amabile JC, Huet C. SEED: An Operational Numerical Tool for Dosimetric Reconstruction in Case of External Radiological Overexposure. HEALTH PHYSICS 2022; 122:271-290. [PMID: 34995220 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the event of a radiological accident involving external exposure of one or more victims and potential high doses, it is essential to know the dose distribution within the body in order to sort the victims according to the severity of the irradiation and then to take them to the most suitable medical facilities. However, there are currently few techniques that can be rapidly deployed on field and capable of characterizing an irradiation. Therefore, a numerical simulation tool has been designed. It can be implemented by a doctor/physicist pairing, projected within a limited time as close as possible to the irradiation accident and emergency response teams. Called SEED (Simulation of External Exposures & Dosimetry), this tool (dedicated to dose reconstruction in case of external exposure) allows a rapid modeling of the irradiation scene and a visual exchange with the victims and witnesses of the event. The user can navigate in three dimensions in the accident scene thanks to a graphical user interface including a "first person" camera. To validate the performance of the SEED tool, two dosimetric benchmarking exercises were performed. The first consisted in comparing the dose value provided by SEED to that given by a reference calculation code: MCNPX. The purpose of the second validation was to perform an experiment irradiating a physical dummy equipped with dosimeters and to reconstruct this irradiation using SEED. These two validation protocols have shown satisfactory results with mean difference less than 2% and 12% for the first and second exercises, respectively. They confirm that this new tool is able to provide useful information to medical teams in charge of dosimetric triage in case of a major external exposure event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - G Garnier
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 bis rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany - CS500 - 92141 CLAMART Cedex, France
| | - M Dondey
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 bis rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany - CS500 - 92141 CLAMART Cedex, France
| | - Y Rizzi
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc - 92260 FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES, France
| | - A Gobert
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc - 92260 FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES, France
| | - C Bassinet
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc - 92260 FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES, France
| | - S Papin
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 bis rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany - CS500 - 92141 CLAMART Cedex, France
| | - I Pennacino
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 bis rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany - CS500 - 92141 CLAMART Cedex, France
| | - A Cazoulat
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 bis rue du lieutenant Raoul Batany - CS500 - 92141 CLAMART Cedex, France
| | - J C Amabile
- Armed Forces Medical Service Head quarters (DCSSA), 60 boulevard du général Martial Valin - CS 21 623 - 75509 PARIS Cedex 15, France
| | - C Huet
- Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), 31 avenue de la Division Leclerc - 92260 FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simon SL, Bouville A, Beck HL, Anspaugh LR, Thiessen KM, Hoffman FO, Shinkarev S. Dose Estimation for Exposure to Radioactive Fallout from Nuclear Detonations. HEALTH PHYSICS 2022; 122:1-20. [PMID: 34898514 PMCID: PMC8677604 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In recent years, the prospects that a nuclear device might be detonated due to a regional or global political conflict, by violation of present nuclear weapons test ban agreements, or due to an act of terrorism, has increased. Thus, the need exists for a well conceptualized, well described, and internally consistent methodology for dose estimation that takes full advantage of the experience gained over the last 70 y in both measurement technology and dose assessment methodology. Here, the models, rationale, and data needed for a detailed state-of-the-art dose assessment for exposure to radioactive fallout from nuclear detonations discussed in five companion papers are summarized. These five papers present methods and data for estimating radionuclide deposition of fallout radionuclides, internal and external dose from the deposited fallout, and discussion of the uncertainties in the assessed doses. In addition, this paper includes a brief discussion of secondary issues related to assessments of radiation dose from fallout. The intention of this work is to provide a usable and consistent methodology for both prospective and retrospective assessments of exposure from radioactive fallout from a nuclear detonation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Simon
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - André Bouville
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (retired)
| | | | - Lynn R. Anspaugh
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah (Emeritus), Henderson, NV
| | | | | | - Sergey Shinkarev
- State Research Center-Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laiakis EC, Canadell MP, Grilj V, Harken AD, Garty GY, Brenner DJ, Smilenov L, Fornace AJ. Small Molecule Responses to Sequential Irradiation with Neutrons and Photons for Biodosimetry Applications: An Initial Assessment. Radiat Res 2021; 196:468-477. [PMID: 33857313 PMCID: PMC9004252 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00032.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mass casualty exposure scenarios from an improvised nuclear device are expected to be far more complex than simple photons. Based on the proximity to the explosion and potential shielding, a mixed field of neutrons and photons comprised of up to approximately 30% neutrons of the total dose is anticipated. This presents significant challenges for biodosimetry and for short-term and long-term medical treatment of exposed populations. In this study we employed untargeted metabolomic methods to develop a biosignature in urine and serum from C57BL/6 mice to address radiation quality issues. The signature was developed in males and applied to samples from female mice to identify potential sex differences. Thirteen urinary (primarily amino acids, vitamin products, nucleotides) and 18 serum biomarkers (primarily mitochondrial and fatty acid β oxidation intermediates) were selected and evaluated in samples from day 1 and day 7 postirradiation. Sham-irradiated groups (controls) were compared to an equitoxic dose (3 Gy X-ray equivalent) from X rays (1.2 Gy/min), neutrons (∼1 Gy/h), or neutrons-photons. Results showed a time-dependent increase in the efficiency of the signatures, with serum providing the highest levels of accuracy in distinguishing not only between exposed from non-exposed populations, but also between radiation quality (photon exposures vs. exposures with a neutron component) and in between neutron-photon exposures (5, 15 or 25% of neutrons in the total dose) for evaluating the neutron contribution. A group of metabolites known as acylcarnitines was only responsive in males, indicating the potential for different mechanisms of action in baseline levels and of neutron-photon responses between the two sexes. Our findings highlight the potential of metabolomics in developing biodosimetric methods to evaluate mixed exposures with high sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular
Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Veljko Grilj
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia
University, Irvington, New York
| | - Andrew D. Harken
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia
University, Irvington, New York
| | - Guy Y. Garty
- Radiological Research Accelerator Facility, Columbia
University, Irvington, New York
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New
York, New York
| | - Lubomir Smilenov
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New
York, New York
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer
Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular
Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Short Assay Design for Micronucleus Detection in Human Lymphocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2322257. [PMID: 34552982 PMCID: PMC8452413 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2322257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been a constant need to develop new and faster cytogenetic assays to measure the instability induced by genotoxic agents in the field of cytogenetic research, an example of which is the micronucleus assay. Micronuclei are fragments or complete chromosomes that remain in the cytoplasm during mitosis. With their high sensitivity and specificity detection, their presence can indicate environmental and occupational genotoxic effects. However, the prolonged periods of cell incubation this assay necessitates are costly and extensive. Hence, it is essential to develop an improved assay that can achieve standardization by being reproducible in practice. The standard protocol for the detection of micronuclei in lymphocytes uses a total assay time of 72 hours. Theoretically, it is possible to reduce the incubation period, and consequently, the total assay time, considering a lymphocyte, completes its mitosis in 24 hours. This study, after careful review of literature, proposes an experimental design to reduce the incubation period and demonstrates its usefulness in practice through the design of a collaborative trial.
Collapse
|
19
|
May JM, Bylicky M, Chopra S, Coleman CN, Aryankalayil MJ. Long and short non-coding RNA and radiation response: a review. Transl Res 2021; 233:162-179. [PMID: 33582242 PMCID: PMC8475769 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Once thought of as arising from "junk DNA," noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as key molecules in cellular processes and response to stress. From diseases such as cancer, coronary artery disease, and diabetes to the effects of ionizing radiation (IR), ncRNAs play important roles in disease progression and as biomarkers of damage. Noncoding RNAs regulate cellular processes by competitively binding DNA, mRNA, proteins, and other ncRNAs. Through these interactions, specific ncRNAs can modulate the radiosensitivity of cells and serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of radiation damage, whether from incidental exposure in radiotherapy or in accidental exposure scenarios. Analysis of RNA expression after radiation exposure has shown alterations not only in mRNAs, but also in ncRNAs (primarily miRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA), implying an important role in cellular stress response. Due to their abundance and stability in serum and other biofluids, ncRNAs also have great potential as minimally invasive biomarkers with advantages over current biodosimetry methods. Several studies have examined changes in ncRNA expression profiles in response to IR and other forms of oxidative stress. Furthermore, some studies have reported modulation of radiosensitivity by altering expression levels of these ncRNAs. This review discusses the roles of ncRNAs in the radiation response and evaluates prior research on ncRNAs as biomarkers of radiation damage. Future directions and applications of ncRNAs in radiation research are introduced, including the potential for a clinical ncRNA assay for assessing radiation damage and for the therapeutic use of RNA interference (RNAi).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M May
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle Bylicky
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sunita Chopra
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - C Norman Coleman
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sproull M, Shankavaram U, Camphausen K. Novel Murine Biomarkers of Radiation Exposure Using An Aptamer-Based Proteomic Technology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633131. [PMID: 33981223 PMCID: PMC8110031 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: There is a need to identify new biomarkers of radiation exposure both for use in the development of biodosimetry blood diagnostics for radiation exposure and for clinical use as markers of radiation injury. In the current study, a novel high-throughput proteomics screening approach was used to identify proteomic markers of radiation exposure in the plasma of total body irradiated mice. A subset panel of significantly altered proteins was selected to build predictive models of radiation exposure and received radiation dose useful for population screening in a future radiological or nuclear event. Methods: Female C57BL6 Mice of 8-14 weeks of age received a single total body irradiation (TBI) dose of 2, 3.5, 8 Gy or sham radiation and plasma was collected by cardiac puncture at days 1, 3, and 7 post-exposure. Plasma was then screened using the aptamer-based SOMAscan proteomic assay technology, for changes in expression of 1,310 protein analytes. A subset panel of protein biomarkers which demonstrated significant changes (p < 0.05) in expression following radiation exposure were used to build predictive models of radiation exposure and radiation dose. Results: Detectable values were obtained for all 1,310 proteins included in the SOMAscan assay. For the Control vs. Radiation model, the top predictive proteins were immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (IGHM), mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14), ectodysplasin A2 receptor (EDA2R) and solute carrier family 25 member 18 (SLC25A18). For the Control vs. Dose model, the top predictive proteins were cyclin dependent kinase 2/cyclin A2 (CDK2. CCNA2), E-selectin (SELE), BCL2 associated agonist of cell death (BAD) and SLC25A18. Following model validation with a training set of samples, both models tested with a new sample cohort had overall predictive accuracies of 85% and 73% for the Control vs. Radiation and Control vs. Dose models respectively. Conclusion: The SOMAscan proteomics platform is a useful screening tool to evaluate changes in biomarker expression. In our study we were able to identify a novel panel of radiation responsive proteins useful for predicting whether an animal had received a radiation exposure and to what dose they had received. Such diagnostic tools are needed for future medical management of radiation exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin Camphausen
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Giovanetti A, Marconi R, Awad N, Abuzied H, Agamy N, Barakat M, Bartoleschi C, Bossi G, Canfora M, Elsaid AA, Ioannilli L, Ismail HM, Issa YA, Novelli F, Pardini MC, Pioli C, Pinnarò P, Sanguineti G, Tahoun MM, Turchi R, Strigari L. Validation of a biomarker tool capable of measuring the absorbed dose soon after exposure to ionizing radiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8118. [PMID: 33854097 PMCID: PMC8047015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A radiological or nuclear attack could involve such a large number of subjects as to overwhelm the emergency facilities in charge. Resources should therefore be focused on those subjects needing immediate medical attention and care. In such a scenario, for the triage management by first responders, it is necessary to count on efficient biological dosimetry tools capable of early detection of the absorbed dose. At present the validated assays for measuring the absorbed dose are dicentric chromosomes and micronuclei counts, which require more than 2–3 days to obtain results. To overcome this limitation the NATO SPS Programme funded an Italian–Egyptian collaborative project aimed at validating a fast, accurate and feasible tool for assessing the absorbed dose early after radiation exposure. Biomarkers as complete blood cell counts, DNA breaks and radio-inducible proteins were investigated on blood samples collected before and 3 h after the first fraction of radiotherapy in patients treated in specific target areas with doses/fraction of about: 2, 3.5 or > 5 Gy and compared with the reference micronuclei count. Based on univariate and multivariate multiple linear regression correlation, our results identify five early biomarkers potentially useful for detecting the extent of the absorbed dose 3 h after the exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giovanetti
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123, Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Marconi
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, 00149, Rome, Italy
| | - Noha Awad
- Epidemiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Hala Abuzied
- Alexandria University Cancer Research Cluster, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Neveen Agamy
- Nutrition Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Barakat
- Alexandria University Cancer Research Cluster, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Cecilia Bartoleschi
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Bossi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Department of Diagnostic Research and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Canfora
- Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Amr A Elsaid
- Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Laura Ioannilli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Horeya M Ismail
- Alexandria University Cancer Research Cluster, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Amr Issa
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Flavia Novelli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pardini
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pioli
- Division of Health Protection Technologies, ENEA-Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, 00123, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Pinnarò
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sanguineti
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Mohamed M Tahoun
- Epidemiology Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21561, Egypt
| | - Riccardo Turchi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bensimon Etzol J, Rizzi Y, Gateau T, Guersen J, Pereira B, Gouzou E, Lanaret M, Grand O, Bettencourt C, Bouvet S, Ugolin N, Chevillard S, Boyer L. Biodosimetry in interventional radiology: cutaneous-based immunoassay for anticipating risks of dermatitis. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:7476-7483. [PMID: 33791818 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07885-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interventional radiology procedures expose individuals to ionizing radiation. However, existing dosimetry methods do not provide the dose effectively absorbed to the skin, and do not consider the patient's individual response to irradiation. To resolve this lack of dosimetry data, we developed a new external irradiation biodosimetry device, DosiKit, based on the dose-dependent relationship between irradiation dose and radiation-induced H2AX protein phosphorylation in hair follicles. This new biological method was tested in Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital to evaluate the assay performances in the medical field and to estimate DosiKit sensitivity threshold. METHODS DosiKit was tested over 95 patients treated with neuroradiological interventions. For each intervention, lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) were used to measure total dose received at each hair collection point (lateral and occipital skull areas), and conventional indirect dosimetry parameters were collected with a Dosimetry Archiving and Communication System (DACS). RESULTS Quantitative measurement of radiation-induced H2AX protein phosphorylation was performed on 174 hair samples before and after the radiation exposure and 105 samples showed a notable induction of gammaH2AX protein after the radiological procedure. According to a statistical analysis, the threshold sensitivity of the DosiKit immunoassay was estimated around 700 mGy. CONCLUSIONS With this study, we showed that DosiKit provides a useful way for mapping the actually absorbed doses, allowing to identify patients overexposed in interventional radiology procedures, and thus for anticipating risk of developing dermatitis. KEY POINTS • DosiKit is a new external irradiation biodosimetry device, based on the dose-dependent relationship between irradiation dose and radiation-induced H2AX protein phosphorylation in hair follicles. • DosiKit was tested over 95 patients treated with neuroradiological interventions. • The threshold sensitivity of the DosiKit immunoassay was estimated around 700 mGy and DosiKit provides a useful way for mapping the actually absorbed doses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yassine Rizzi
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Theo Gateau
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joel Guersen
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Unité de Biostatistiques (DRCI), CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Gouzou
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathieu Lanaret
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Oceane Grand
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Ugolin
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Louis Boyer
- Service de Radiologie CHU Gabriel-Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,TGI Institut Pascal UMR 6602 CNRS UCA SIGMA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cai TJ, Li S, Lu X, Zhang CF, Yuan JL, Zhang QZ, Tian XL, Lian DX, Li MS, Zhang Z, Liu G, Zhao H, Niu LM, Tian M, Hou CS, Liu QJ. Dose-effect relationships of 12C 6+ ions-induced dicentric plus ring chromosomes, micronucleus and nucleoplasmic bridges in human lymphocytes in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:657-663. [PMID: 33704009 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1900945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this research was to explore the dose-effect relationships of dicentric plus ring (dic + r), micronucleus (MN) and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) induced by carbon ions in human lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Venous blood samples were collected from three healthy donors. 12C6+ ions beam was used to irradiate the blood samples at the energy of 330 MeV and linear energy transfer (LET) of 50 keV/μm with a dose rate of 1 Gy/min in the spread-out Bragg peak. The irradiated doses were 0 (sham irradiation), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 Gy. Dic + r chromosomes aberrations were scored in metaphases. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) was conducted to analyze MN and NPB. The maximum low-dose relative biological effectiveness (RBEM) values of the induction of dic + r, MN and NPB in human lymphocytes for 12C6+ ions irradiation was calculated relative to 60Co γ-rays. RESULTS The frequencies of dic + r, MN and NPB showed significantly increases in a dose-depended manner after exposure to 12C6+ ions. The distributions of dic + r and MN exhibited overdispersion, while the distribution of NPB agreed with Poisson distribution at all doses. Linear-quadratic equations were established based on the frequencies of dic + r and MN. The dose-response curves of NPB frequencies followed a linear model. The derived RBEM values for dic + r, MN and NPB in human lymphocytes irradiated with 12C6+ ions were 8.07 ± 2.73, 2.69 ± 0.20 and 4.00 ± 2.69 in comparison with 60Co γ-rays. CONCLUSION The dose-response curves of carbon ions-induced dic + r, MN and NPB were constructed. These results could be helpful to improve radiation risk assessment and dose estimation after exposed to carbon ions irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Fei Zhang
- Central Medical District of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Long Yuan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Zhao Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Lei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - De-Xing Lian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Sheng Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- Gansu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Li-Mei Niu
- Gansu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, P. R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Song Hou
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li Y, Singh J, Varghese R, Zhang Y, Fatanmi OO, Cheema AK, Singh VK. Transcriptome of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) exposed to total-body irradiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6295. [PMID: 33737626 PMCID: PMC7973550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of biodosimetry has seen a paradigm shift towards an increased use of molecular phenotyping technologies including omics and miRNA, in addition to conventional cytogenetic techniques. Here, we have used a nonhuman primate (NHP) model to study the impact of gamma-irradiation on alterations in blood-based gene expression. With a goal to delineate radiation induced changes in gene expression, we followed eight NHPs for 60 days after exposure to 6.5 Gy gamma-radiation for survival outcomes. Analysis of differential gene expression in response to radiation exposure yielded 26,944 dysregulated genes that were not significantly impacted by sex. Further analysis showed an increased association of several pathways including IL-3 signaling, ephrin receptor signaling, ErbB signaling, nitric oxide signaling in the cardiovascular system, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and inflammasome pathway, which were associated with positive survival outcomes in NHPs after acute exposure to radiation. This study provides novel insights into major pathways and networks involved in radiation-induced injuries that may identify biomarkers for radiation injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine "America's Medical School", Uniformed Serices University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rency Varghese
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Oluseyi O Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine "America's Medical School", Uniformed Serices University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine "America's Medical School", Uniformed Serices University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Feiveson A, George K, Shavers M, Moreno-Villanueva M, Zhang Y, Babiak-Vazquez A, Crucian B, Semones E, Wu H. Predicting chromosome damage in astronauts participating in international space station missions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5293. [PMID: 33674665 PMCID: PMC7935859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84242-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Space radiation consists of energetic protons and other heavier ions. During the International Space Station program, chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of astronauts have been analyzed to estimate received biological doses of space radiation. More specifically, pre-flight blood samples were exposed ex vivo to varying doses of gamma rays, while post-flight blood samples were collected shortly and several months after landing. Here, in a study of 43 crew-missions, we investigated whether individual radiosensitivity, as determined by the ex vivo dose-response of the pre-flight chromosome aberration rate (CAR), contributes to the prediction of the post-flight CAR incurred from the radiation exposure during missions. Random-effects Poisson regression was used to estimate subject-specific radiosensitivities from the preflight dose-response data, which were in turn used to predict post-flight CAR and subject-specific relative biological effectiveness (RBEs) between space radiation and gamma radiation. Covariates age, gender were also considered. Results indicate that there is predictive value in background CAR as well as radiosensitivity determined preflight for explaining individual differences in post-flight CAR over and above that which could be explained by BFO dose alone. The in vivo RBE for space radiation was estimated to be approximately 3 relative to the ex vivo dose response to gamma irradiation. In addition, pre-flight radiosensitivity tended to be higher for individuals having a higher background CAR, suggesting that individuals with greater radiosensitivity can be more sensitive to other environmental stressors encountered in daily life. We also noted that both background CAR and radiosensitivity tend to increase with age, although both are highly variable. Finally, we observed no significant difference between the observed CAR shortly after mission and at > 6 months post-mission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, USA.,Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Box 30, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ye Zhang
- Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Honglu Wu
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effects of radiation quality and dose rate on radiation-induced nucleoplasmic bridges in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res 2021; 863-864:503321. [PMID: 33678246 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that the yield of cobalt-60 γ-rays-induced nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes is dose dependent. However, the influence of the radiation quality and dose rates on NPB frequencies has not been investigated. The present study aimed to investigate NPB frequencies in human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by carbon ions and explore the dose rate effect on cobalt-60 γ-rays-induced NPB. To establish dose-response curves, human peripheral blood samples were irradiated with 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 8.0 Gy of carbon ions at a dose rate of 3.0 Gy/min in vitro. To explore the dose rate effect, human peripheral blood samples were irradiated with 2.0 and 5.0 Gy of cobalt-60 γ-rays at dose rates of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 Gy/min in vitro. NPB and micronuclei (MN) in binucleated cells were analyzed with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Results showed that the dose-response curve of carbon ion-induced NPB frequencies follow a linear-quadratic model (R2 = 0.934). The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of carbon ions to cobalt-60 γ-rays decreased with increased NPB frequencies (ranging from 2.47 to 5.86). Compared with group 1.0 Gy/min, the NPB frequencies in groups 10.0 Gy/min (2.0 Gy), 5.0 and 10.0 Gy/min (5.0 Gy) were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Carbon ion-induced NPB in human peripheral blood lymphocytes have a good dose-response relationship. Cobalt-60 γ-rays-induced NPB frequencies are affected by the specific dose rate.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao H, Xi C, Tian M, Lu X, Cai TJ, Li S, Tian XL, Gao L, Liu HX, Liu KH, Liu QJ. Identification of Potential Radiation Responsive Metabolic Biomarkers in Plasma of Rats Exposed to Different Doses of Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays. Dose Response 2021; 18:1559325820979570. [PMID: 33402881 PMCID: PMC7745571 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820979570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has great potential to process accessible biofluids through high-throughput and quantitative analysis for radiation biomarker screening. This study focused on the potential radiation responsive metabolites in rat plasma and the dose-response relationships. In the discovery stage, 20 male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to 0, 1, 3 and 5 Gy of cobalt-60 gamma rays at a dose rate of 1 Gy/min. Plasma samples were collected at 72 h after exposure and analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based on non-targeted metabolomics. In the verification stage, 50 additional rats were exposed to 0, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8 Gy of gamma rays. The concentrations of candidate metabolites were then analyzed using targeted metabolomics methods. Fifteen candidate radiation responsive metabolites were identified as potential radiation metabolite biomarkers. Metabolic pathways, such as linoleic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways, were changed after irradiation. Six radiation responsive metabolites, including LysoPC(20:2), LysoPC(20:3), PC(18:0/22:5), L-palmitoylcarnitine, N-acetylornithine and butyrylcarnitine, had good dose-response relationships (R2 > 0.80). The area under the curve of the panel of the 6 radiation responsive metabolites was 0.923. The radiation exposure metabolomics biomarkers and dose-response curves may have potential for rapid dose assessment and triage in nuclear and radiation accidents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Xi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Lei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xiang Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xi C, Zhao H, Lu X, Cai TJ, Li S, Liu KH, Tian M, Liu QJ. Screening of Lipids for Early Triage and Dose Estimation after Acute Radiation Exposure in Rat Plasma Based on Targeted Lipidomics Analysis. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:576-590. [PMID: 33200940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rapid early triage and dose estimation is vital for limited medical resource allocation and treatment of a large number of the wounded after radiological accidents. Lipidomics has been utilized to delineate biofluid lipid signatures after irradiation. Here, high-coverage targeted lipidomics was employed to screen radiosensitive lipids after 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 Gy total body irradiation at 4, 24, and 72 h postirradiation in rat plasma. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with a multiple reaction monitoring method was utilized. In total, 416 individual lipids from 18 major classes were quantified and those biomarkers altered in a dose-dependent manner constituted panel A-panel D. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis using combined lipids showed good to excellent sensitivity and specificity in triaging different radiation exposure levels (area under curve = 0.814-1.000). The equations for dose estimation were established by stepwise regression analysis for three time points. A novel strategy for radiation early triage and dose estimation was first established and validated using panels of lipids. Our study suggests that it is feasible to acquire quantitative lipid biomarker panels using targeted lipidomics platforms for rapid, high-throughput triage, which can provide further insights in developing lipidomics strategies for radiation biodosimetry in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100088, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shukla SK, Sharma AK, Bajaj S, Yashavarddhan MH. Radiation proteome: a clue to protection, carcinogenesis, and drug development. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:525-531. [PMID: 33137481 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Shukla
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sania Bajaj
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - M H Yashavarddhan
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organization, Lucknow road, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ghandhi SA, Sima C, Weber WM, Melo DR, Rudqvist N, Morton SR, Turner HC, Amundson SA. Dose and Dose-Rate Effects in a Mouse Model of Internal Exposure to 137Cs. Part 1: Global Transcriptomic Responses in Blood. Radiat Res 2020; 196:478-490. [PMID: 32931585 PMCID: PMC8864709 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Internal contamination by radionuclides may constitute a major source of exposure and biological damage after radiation accidents and potentially in a dirty bomb or improvised nuclear device scenario. We injected male C57BL/6 mice with radiolabeled cesium chloride solution (137CsCl) to evaluate the biological effects of varying cumulative doses and dose rates in a two-week study. Injection activities of 137CsCl were 5.71, 6.78, 7.67 and 9.29 MBq, calculated to achieve a target dose of 4 Gy at days 14, 7, 5 and 3, respectively. We collected whole blood samples at days 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 so that we can publish the issue in Decemberfrom all injection groups and measured gene expression using Agilent Mouse Whole Genome microarrays. We identified both dose-rate-independent and dose-rate-dependent gene expression responses in the time series. Gene Ontology analysis indicated a rapid and persistent immune response to the chronic low-dose-rate irradiation, consistent with depletion of radiosensitive B cells. Pathways impacting platelet aggregation and TP53 signaling appeared activated, but not consistently at all times in the study. Clustering of genes by pattern and identification of dose-rate-independent and -dependent genes provided insight into possible drivers of the dynamic transcriptome response in vivo, and also indicated that TP53 signaling may be upstream of very different transcript response patterns. This characterization of the biological response of blood cells to internal radiation at varying doses and dose rates is an important step in understanding the effects of internal contamination after a nuclear event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Sima
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845
| | - Waylon M. Weber
- The Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
| | - Dunstana R. Melo
- The Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108
| | - Nils Rudqvist
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Shad R. Morton
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shuryak I, Ghandhi SA, Turner HC, Weber W, Melo D, Amundson SA, Brenner DJ. Dose and Dose-Rate Effects in a Mouse Model of Internal Exposure from 137Cs. Part 2: Integration of Gamma-H2AX and Gene Expression Biomarkers for Retrospective Radiation Biodosimetry. Radiat Res 2020; 196:491-500. [PMID: 33064820 PMCID: PMC8944909 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00042.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation and ingestion of 137Cs and other long-lived radionuclides can occur after large-scale accidental or malicious radioactive contamination incidents, resulting in a complex temporal pattern of radiation dose/dose rate, influenced by radionuclide pharmacokinetics and chemical properties. High-throughput radiation biodosimetry techniques for such internal exposure are needed to assess potential risks of short-term toxicity and delayed effects (e.g., carcinogenesis) for exposed individuals. Previously, we used γ-H2AX to reconstruct injected 137Cs activity in experimentally-exposed mice, and converted activity values into radiation doses based on time since injection and 137Cs-elimination kinetics. In the current study, we sought to assess the feasibility and possible advantages of combining γ-H2AX with transcriptomics to improve 137Cs activity reconstructions. We selected five genes (Atf5, Hist2h2aa2, Olfr358, Psrc1, Hist2h2ac) with strong statistically-significant Spearman's correlations with injected activity and stable expression over time after 137Cs injection. The geometric mean of log-transformed signals of these five genes, combined with γ-H2AX fluorescence, were used as predictors in a nonlinear model for reconstructing injected 137Cs activity. The coefficient of determination (R2) comparing actual and reconstructed activities was 0.91 and root mean squared error (RMSE) was 0.95 MBq. These metrics remained stable when the model was fitted to a randomly-selected half of the data and tested on the other half, repeated 100 times. Model performance was significantly better when compared to our previous analysis using γ-H2AX alone, and when compared to an analysis where genes are used without γ-H2AX, suggesting that integrating γ-H2AX with gene expression provides an important advantage. Our findings show a proof of principle that integration of radiation-responsive biomarkers from different fields is promising for radiation biodosimetry of internal emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Shanaz A. Ghandhi
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Waylon Weber
- Lovelace Biomedical, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87108
| | | | - Sally A. Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Obrador E, Salvador R, Villaescusa JI, Soriano JM, Estrela JM, Montoro A. Radioprotection and Radiomitigation: From the Bench to Clinical Practice. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E461. [PMID: 33142986 PMCID: PMC7692399 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of protective agents against harmful radiations has been a subject of investigation for decades. However, effective (ideal) radioprotectors and radiomitigators remain an unsolved problem. Because ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage is primarily attributed to free radicals, radical scavengers are promising as potential radioprotectors. Early development of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, e.g., amifostine (2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylsulfanylphosphonic acid), approved as a radioprotector by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, USA) but for limited clinical indications and not for nonclinical uses. To date, no new chemical entity has been approved by the FDA as a radiation countermeasure for acute radiation syndrome (ARS). All FDA-approved radiation countermeasures (filgrastim, a recombinant DNA form of the naturally occurring granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, G-CSF; pegfilgrastim, a PEGylated form of the recombinant human G-CSF; sargramostim, a recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF) are classified as radiomitigators. No radioprotector that can be administered prior to exposure has been approved for ARS. This differentiates radioprotectors (reduce direct damage caused by radiation) and radiomitigators (minimize toxicity even after radiation has been delivered). Molecules under development with the aim of reaching clinical practice and other nonclinical applications are discussed. Assays to evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiations are also analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Obrador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Rosario Salvador
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Juan I. Villaescusa
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Soriano
- Food & Health Lab, Institute of Materials Science, University of Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Joint Research Unit in Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute IISLaFe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Estrela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (E.O.); (R.S.); (J.M.E.)
| | - Alegría Montoro
- Service of Radiological Protection, Clinical Area of Medical Image, La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Biomedical Imaging Research Group GIBI230, Health Research Institute (IISLaFe), La Fe University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Satyamitra MM, Cassatt DR, Hollingsworth BA, Price PW, Rios CI, Taliaferro LP, Winters TA, DiCarlo AL. Metabolomics in Radiation Biodosimetry: Current Approaches and Advances. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080328. [PMID: 32796693 PMCID: PMC7465152 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triage and medical intervention strategies for unanticipated exposure during a radiation incident benefit from the early, rapid and accurate assessment of dose level. Radiation exposure results in complex and persistent molecular and cellular responses that ultimately alter the levels of many biological markers, including the metabolomic phenotype. Metabolomics is an emerging field that promises the determination of radiation exposure by the qualitative and quantitative measurements of small molecules in a biological sample. This review highlights the current role of metabolomics in assessing radiation injury, as well as considerations for the diverse range of bioanalytical and sampling technologies that are being used to detect these changes. The authors also address the influence of the physiological status of an individual, the animal models studied, the technology and analysis employed in interrogating response to the radiation insult, and variables that factor into discovery and development of robust biomarker signatures. Furthermore, available databases for these studies have been reviewed, and existing regulatory guidance for metabolomics are discussed, with the ultimate goal of providing both context for this area of radiation research and the consideration of pathways for continued development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merriline M. Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-240-669-5432
| | - David R. Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Brynn A. Hollingsworth
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Paul W. Price
- Office of Regulatory Affairs, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;
| | - Carmen I. Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Lanyn P. Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Thomas A. Winters
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| | - Andrea L. DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 5601 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; (D.R.C.); (B.A.H.); (C.I.R.); (L.P.T.); (T.A.W.); (A.L.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sultana N, Sun C, Katsube T, Wang B. Biomarkers of Brain Damage Induced by Radiotherapy. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820938279. [PMID: 32694960 PMCID: PMC7350401 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820938279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy remains currently a critical component for both primary and metastatic brain tumors either alone or in combination with surgery, chemotherapy, and molecularly targeted agents, while it could cause simultaneously normal brain tissue injury leading to serious health consequences, that is, development of cognitive impairments following cranial radiotherapy is considered as a critical clinical disadvantage especially for the whole brain radiotherapy. Biomarkers can help to detect the accurate physiology or conditions of patients with brain tumor and develop effective treatment procedures for these patients. In the near future, biomarkers will become one of the prime driving forces of cancer treatment. In this minireview, we analyze the documented work on the acute brain damage and late consequences induced by radiotherapy, identify the biomarkers, in particular, the predictive biomarkers for the damage, and summarize the biological significance of the biomarkers. It is expected that translation of these research advance to radiotherapy would assist stratifying patients for optimized treatment and improving therapeutic efficacy and the quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahida Sultana
- Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka, People’s Republic of Bangladesh
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Takanori Katsube
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bing Wang
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) Science and the CBRNE Science Medical Operations Science Support Expert (CMOSSE). Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2020; 13:995-1010. [PMID: 31203830 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2018.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A national need is to prepare for and respond to accidental or intentional disasters categorized as chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive (CBRNE). These incidents require specific subject-matter expertise, yet have commonalities. We identify 7 core elements comprising CBRNE science that require integration for effective preparedness planning and public health and medical response and recovery. These core elements are (1) basic and clinical sciences, (2) modeling and systems management, (3) planning, (4) response and incident management, (5) recovery and resilience, (6) lessons learned, and (7) continuous improvement. A key feature is the ability of relevant subject matter experts to integrate information into response operations. We propose the CBRNE medical operations science support expert as a professional who (1) understands that CBRNE incidents require an integrated systems approach, (2) understands the key functions and contributions of CBRNE science practitioners, (3) helps direct strategic and tactical CBRNE planning and responses through first-hand experience, and (4) provides advice to senior decision-makers managing response activities. Recognition of both CBRNE science as a distinct competency and the establishment of the CBRNE medical operations science support expert informs the public of the enormous progress made, broadcasts opportunities for new talent, and enhances the sophistication and analytic expertise of senior managers planning for and responding to CBRNE incidents.
Collapse
|
36
|
Sun JL, Li S, Lu X, Feng JB, Cai TJ, Tian M, Liu QJ. Identification of the differentially expressed protein biomarkers in rat blood plasma in response to gamma irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 96:748-758. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1739775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Sun
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Tongzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Bin Feng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shuryak I, Turner HC, Perrier JR, Cunha L, Canadell MP, Durrani MH, Harken A, Bertucci A, Taveras M, Garty G, Brenner DJ. A High Throughput Approach to Reconstruct Partial-Body and Neutron Radiation Exposures on an Individual Basis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2899. [PMID: 32076014 PMCID: PMC7031285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodosimetry-based individualized reconstruction of complex irradiation scenarios (partial-body shielding and/or neutron + photon mixtures) can improve treatment decisions after mass-casualty radiation-related incidents. We used a high-throughput micronucleus assay with automated scanning and imaging software on ex-vivo irradiated human lymphocytes to: a) reconstruct partial-body and/or neutron exposure, and b) estimate separately the photon and neutron doses in a mixed exposure. The mechanistic background is that, compared with total-body photon irradiations, neutrons produce more heavily-damaged lymphocytes with multiple micronuclei/binucleated cell, whereas partial-body exposures produce fewer such lymphocytes. To utilize these differences for biodosimetry, we developed metrics that describe micronuclei distributions in binucleated cells and serve as predictors in machine learning or parametric analyses of the following scenarios: (A) Homogeneous gamma-irradiation, mimicking total-body exposures, vs. mixtures of irradiated blood with unirradiated blood, mimicking partial-body exposures. (B) X rays vs. various neutron + photon mixtures. The results showed high accuracies of scenario and dose reconstructions. Specifically, receiver operating characteristic curve areas (AUC) for sample classification by exposure type reached 0.931 and 0.916 in scenarios A and B, respectively. R2 for actual vs. reconstructed doses in these scenarios reached 0.87 and 0.77, respectively. These encouraging findings demonstrate a proof-of-principle for the proposed approach of high-throughput reconstruction of clinically-relevant complex radiation exposure scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay R Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lydia Cunha
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Pujol Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad H Durrani
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Harken
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonella Bertucci
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun L, Inaba Y, Kanzaki N, Bekal M, Chida K, Moritake T. Identification of Potential Biomarkers of Radiation Exposure in Blood Cells by Capillary Electrophoresis Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030812. [PMID: 32012663 PMCID: PMC7037449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodosimetry is a useful method for estimating personal exposure doses to ionizing radiation. Studies have identified metabolites in non-cellular biofluids that can be used as markers in biodosimetry. Levels of metabolites in blood cells may reflect health status or environmental stresses differentially. Here, we report changes in the levels of murine blood cell metabolites following exposure to X-rays in vivo. Levels of blood cell metabolites were measured by capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The levels of 100 metabolites were altered substantially following exposure. We identified 2-aminobutyric acid, 2'-deoxycytidine, and choline as potentially useful markers of radiation exposure and established a potential prediction panel of the exposure dose using stepwise regression. Levels of blood cell metabolites may be useful biomarkers in estimating exposure doses during unexpected radiation incidents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Health Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yohei Inaba
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Norie Kanzaki
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Mahesh Bekal
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Chida
- Course of Radiological Technology, Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Radiation Disaster Medicine, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza-Aoba 468-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Takashi Moritake
- Department of Radiological Health Science, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-93-691-7549
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dainiak N, Albanese J, Kaushik M, Balajee AS, Romanyukha A, Sharp TJ, Blakely WF. CONCEPTS OF OPERATIONS FOR A US DOSIMETRY AND BIODOSIMETRY NETWORK. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:130-138. [PMID: 30726970 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The USA must be prepared to provide a prompt, coordinated and integrated response for radiation dose and injury assessment for suspected radiation exposure, whether it involves isolated cases or mass casualties. Dose estimation for radiation accidents typically necessitates a multiple parameter diagnostics approach that includes clinical, biological and physical dosimetry to provide an early-phase radiation dose. A US Individual Dosimetry and Biodosimetry Network (US-IDBN) will increase surge capacity for civilian and military populations in a large-scale incident. The network's goal is to leverage available resources and provide an integrated biodosimetry capability, using multiple parameter diagnostics. Initial operations will be to expand an existing functional integration of two cytogenetic biodosimetry laboratories by developing Standard Operating Procedures, cross-training laboratorians, developing common calibration curves, supporting inter-comparison exercises and obtaining certification to process clinical samples. Integration with certified commercial laboratories will increase surge capacity to meet the needs of a mass-casualty incident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dainiak
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Joseph Albanese
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Meetu Kaushik
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven CT 06520, USA
| | - Adayabalam S Balajee
- Radiation Emergency Assistance Center/Training Site, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PO Box 117, MS 39, Oak Ridge TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Thad J Sharp
- Naval Dosimetry Center, 8901 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda MD 20889, USA
| | - William F Blakely
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, 4555 South Palmer Road, Bldg. 42, Bethesda MD 20889-5648, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Paul S, Kleiman NJ, Amundson SA. Transcriptomic responses in mouse blood during the first week after in vivo gamma irradiation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18364. [PMID: 31797975 PMCID: PMC6893039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54780-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to limitations of available human models for development of gene expression based radiation biodosimetry, many such studies have made use of mouse models. To provide a broad view of the gene expression response to irradiation in the mouse, we have exposed male C57BL/6 mice to 0, 1.5, 3, 6 or 10 Gy of gamma rays, sacrificing groups of the mice at 1, 2, 3, 5, or 7 days after exposure. We then profiled global gene expression in blood from individual mice using Agilent microarrays. In general, we found increasing numbers of genes differentially expressed with increasing dose, with more prolonged responses after the higher doses. Gene ontology analysis showed a similar pattern, with more biological processes enriched among the genes responding to higher doses, and at later times after exposure. Clustering the timecourse expression data using maSigPro identified four broad patterns of response, representing different gene ontology functions. The largest of these clusters included genes with initially decreased expression followed by increased expression at later times, a pattern of expression previously reported for several genes following neutron exposure. Another gene cluster showing consistent down regulation suggests genes useful for biodosimetry throughout the first week after exposure can be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunirmal Paul
- Center for Radiological Research, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Norman J Kleiman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu K, Singer E, Cohn W, Micewicz ED, McBride WH, Whitelegge JP, Loo JA. Time-Dependent Measurement of Nrf2-Regulated Antioxidant Response to Ionizing Radiation Toward Identifying Potential Protein Biomarkers for Acute Radiation Injury. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 13:e1900035. [PMID: 31419066 PMCID: PMC7213060 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Potential acute exposure to ionizing radiation in nuclear or radiological accidents presents complex mass casualty scenarios that demand prompt triage and treatment decisions. Due to delayed symptoms and varied response of radiation victims, there is an urgent need to develop robust biomarkers to assess the extent of injuries in individuals. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The transcription factor Nrf2 is the master of redox homeostasis and there is transcriptional evidence of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response activation upon radiation. The biomarker potential of Nrf2-dependent downstream target enzymes is investigated by measuring their response in bone marrow extracted from C57Bl/6 and C3H mice of both genders for up to 4 days following 6 Gy total body irradiation using targeted MS. RESULTS Overall, C57Bl/6 mice have a stronger proteomic response than C3H mice. In both strains, male mice have more occurrences of upregulation in antioxidant enzymes than female mice. For C57Bl/6 male mice, three proteins show elevated abundances after radiation exposure: catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and heme oxygenase 1. Across both strains and genders, glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 is consistently decreased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides the basis for future development of organ-specific protein biomarkers used in diagnostic blood test for radiation injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA
| | - Elizabeth Singer
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Whitaker Cohn
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Ewa D. Micewicz
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | | | - Julian P. Whitelegge
- Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA
| | - Joseph A. Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, and UCLA/DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, UCLA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Radiation accidents are rare, but can produce large numbers of casualties with predictable patterns of injury. Casualties may suffer from a wide range of radiation exposures. Triage based on presence or absence of conventional injuries and an accurate assessment of radiation dose based on event history, symptoms, and laboratory testing, is critical. Treatment of acute radiation syndrome is supportive: including fluids, antibiotics, blood products, colony-stimulating factors, and stem cell or bone marrow transplantation. Care of radiation-injured patients with conventional trauma or burns needs to be modified to account for adverse effects of radiation on wound healing and susceptibility to infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John S Parrish
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, Suite 301, San Diego, CA 92134, USA.
| | - Gilbert Seda
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, Suite 301, San Diego, CA 92134, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cheema AK, Mehta KY, Rajagopal MU, Wise SY, Fatanmi OO, Singh VK. Metabolomic Studies of Tissue Injury in Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Gamma-Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133360. [PMID: 31323921 PMCID: PMC6651211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation induces a complex cascade of systemic and tissue-specific responses that lead to functional impairment over time in the surviving population. However, due to the lack of predictive biomarkers of tissue injury, current methods for the management of survivors of radiation exposure episodes involve monitoring of individuals over time for the development of adverse clinical symptoms and death. Herein, we report on changes in metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in multiple tissues of nonhuman primates (NHPs) that were exposed to a single dose of 7.2 Gy whole-body 60Co γ-radiation that either survived or succumbed to radiation toxicities over a 60-day period. This study involved the delineation of the radiation effects in the liver, kidney, jejunum, heart, lung, and spleen. We found robust metabolic changes in the kidney and liver and modest changes in other tissue types at the 60-day time point in a cohort of NHPs. Remarkably, we found significant elevation of long-chain acylcarnitines in animals that were exposed to radiation across multiple tissue types underscoring the role of this class of metabolites as a generic indicator of radiation-induced normal tissue injury. These studies underscore the utility of a metabolomics approach for delineating anticipatory biomarkers of exposure to ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Khyati Y Mehta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Meena U Rajagopal
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20001, USA
| | - Stephen Y Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Oluseyi O Fatanmi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, USUHS, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rastegarfar B, Ardalan A, Nejat S, Keshtkar A, Moradian MJ. A Productive Proposed Search Syntax for Health Disaster Preparedness Research. Bull Emerg Trauma 2019; 7:93-98. [PMID: 31198795 PMCID: PMC6555207 DOI: 10.29252/beat-070201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To find a proper search strategy to do a systematic review related to preparedness for disasters. Methods: MeSH and Emtree terms were searched to detect synonyms for two main search terms “disaster” and “preparedness”. Expert opinion on the synonyms was examined applying a Google form. The adopted syntax was searched in PubMed and results were sifted. Hand searching in two top key journals was done and sensitivity was calculated. Results: Out of 1120 articles, 122 were included. In PDM journal, 10 articles were included by hand searching, out of which 5 were not spotted in PubMed search with the proposed syntax. In DMPHP journal, 13 publications were included, with 5 not found in PubMed search. Because of human error in hand searching 2 articles were added. Conclusion: The proposed syntax in this study achieves a sensitivity of search of 0.6 in PubMed which could be quite applicable for researchers. Moreover, in case only MeSH or Emtree terms were applied in search strategy or where hand searching was not performed, there were a number of articles missed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Rastegarfar
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ardalan
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nejat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Moradian
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rastegarfar B, Ardalan A, Nejat S, Keshtkar A, Moradian MJ. A Productive Proposed Search Syntax for Health Disaster Preparedness Research. Bull Emerg Trauma 2019. [PMID: 31198795 DOI: 10.29252/beat-070201.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To find a proper search strategy to do a systematic review related to preparedness for disasters. Methods MeSH and Emtree terms were searched to detect synonyms for two main search terms "disaster" and "preparedness". Expert opinion on the synonyms was examined applying a Google form. The adopted syntax was searched in PubMed and results were sifted. Hand searching in two top key journals was done and sensitivity was calculated. Results Out of 1120 articles, 122 were included. In PDM journal, 10 articles were included by hand searching, out of which 5 were not spotted in PubMed search with the proposed syntax. In DMPHP journal, 13 publications were included, with 5 not found in PubMed search. Because of human error in hand searching 2 articles were added. Conclusion The proposed syntax in this study achieves a sensitivity of search of 0.6 in PubMed which could be quite applicable for researchers. Moreover, in case only MeSH or Emtree terms were applied in search strategy or where hand searching was not performed, there were a number of articles missed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Rastegarfar
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ardalan
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saharnaz Nejat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Keshtkar
- Department of Health Sciences Education Development, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Moradian
- Department of Disaster Public Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
DiCarlo AL, Horta ZP, Aldrich JT, Jakubowski AA, Skinner WK, Case CM. Use of Growth Factors and Other Cytokines for Treatment of Injuries During a Radiation Public Health Emergency. Radiat Res 2019; 192:99-120. [PMID: 31081742 DOI: 10.1667/rr15363.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the threat of a radiological or nuclear incident that could impact citizens, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services tasked the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) with identifying and funding early- to mid-stage medical countermeasure (MCM) development to treat radiation-induced injuries. Given that the body's natural response to radiation exposure includes production of growth factors and cytokines, and that the only drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat acute radiation syndrome are growth factors targeting either the granulocyte (Neupogen® or Neulasta®) or granulocyte and macrophage (Leukine®) hematopoietic cell lineages, there is interest in understanding the role that these factors play in responding to and/or ameliorating radiation damage. Furthermore, in an environment where resources are scarce, such as what might be expected during a radiation public health emergency, availability of growth factor or other treatments may be limited. For these reasons, the NIAID partnered with the Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN), whose membership includes medical centers with expertise in the management of bone marrow failure, to explore the use of growth factors and other cytokines as MCMs to mitigate/treat radiation injuries. A workshop was convened that included government, industry and academic subject matter experts, with presentations covering the anticipated concept of operations during a mass casualty incident including triage and treatment, growth factors under development for a radiation indication, and how the practice of medicine can inform other potential approaches, as well as considerations for administration of these products to diverse civilian populations. This report reviews the information presented, and provides an overview of the discussions from a guided breakout session.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L DiCarlo
- a Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | - Zulmarie Perez Horta
- a Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, Maryland
| | | | - Ann A Jakubowski
- b Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN), Minneapolis, Minnesota.,c Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - William K Skinner
- d Uniformed Services University for Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cullen M Case
- b Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN), Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nimker S, Sharma K, Saraswathy R, Chandna S. Delineating the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Erythropoietic Lineage-Implications for Radiation Biodosimetry. HEALTH PHYSICS 2019; 116:677-693. [PMID: 30720544 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The overall lethality/morbidity of ionizing radiation exposure involves multiple forms of inhibitory or cytotoxic effects that may manifest in different tissues with a varying dose and time response. One of the major systemic effects leading to lethality of radiation includes its suppressive effect on hematopoiesis, which could be observed even at doses as low as 1-2 Gy, whereas effects on gastrointestinal and nervous systems appear at relatively higher doses in the same order. This article reviews the effects of radiation on the three distinct stages of erythropoiesis-formation of erythroid progenitor cells, differentiation of erythroid precursor cells, and terminal maturation. During these stepwise developmental processes, erythroid progenitor cells undergo rapid expansion to form terminally differentiated red blood cells that are continuously replenished from bone marrow into the circulating peripheral blood stream. Cellular radiation response depends upon many factors such as cell lineage, rate of proliferation, and differentiation status. Therefore, we discuss radiation-induced alterations during the progenitor, precursor, and terminal maturation stages and the implications thereof. Since biomarkers of ionizing radiation exposure in human populations are of great interest for assessing normal tissue injury as well as for biodosimetry in the event of accidental or incidental radiation exposures, we also highlight blood-based biomarkers that have potential utility for medical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shwetanjali Nimker
- Division of Natural Radiation Response Mechanisms, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institiute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanupriya Sharma
- Division of Natural Radiation Response Mechanisms, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Radha Saraswathy
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institiute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhir Chandna
- Division of Natural Radiation Response Mechanisms, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Timarpur, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Aryankalayil MJ, Chopra S, Makinde A, Eke I, Levin J, Shankavaram U, MacMillan L, Vanpouille-Box C, Demaria S, Coleman CN. Microarray analysis of miRNA expression profiles following whole body irradiation in a mouse model. Biomarkers 2018; 23:689-703. [PMID: 29799276 PMCID: PMC6982201 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1479771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Accidental exposure to life-threatening radiation in a nuclear event is a major concern; there is an enormous need for identifying biomarkers for radiation biodosimetry to triage populations and treat critically exposed individuals. OBJECTIVE To identify dose-differentiating miRNA signatures from whole blood samples of whole body irradiated mice. METHODS Mice were whole body irradiated with X-rays (2 Gy-15 Gy); blood was collected at various time-points post-exposure; total RNA was isolated; miRNA microarrays were performed; miRNAs differentially expressed in irradiated vs. unirradiated controls were identified; feature extraction and classification models were applied to predict dose-differentiating miRNA signature. RESULTS We observed a time and dose responsive alteration in the expression levels of miRNAs. Maximum number of miRNAs were altered at 24-h and 48-h time-points post-irradiation. A 23-miRNA signature was identified using feature selection algorithms and classifier models. An inverse correlation in the expression level changes of miR-17 members, and their targets were observed in whole body irradiated mice and non-human primates. CONCLUSION Whole blood-based miRNA expression signatures might be used for predicting radiation exposures in a mass casualty nuclear incident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molykutty J Aryankalayil
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Sunita Chopra
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Adeola Makinde
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Iris Eke
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Joel Levin
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | | | | | - Sandra Demaria
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , Weill Cornell Medicine , New York , NY , USA
| | - C Norman Coleman
- a Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , MD , USA
- d Radiation Research Program, National Cancer Institute , National Institutes of Health , Rockville , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Iversen ES, McCarthy JM, Burdett KB, Lipton G, Phillips G, Dressman H, Ross J, Chao N. Bridging the gaps: using an NHP model to predict single dose radiation absorption in humans. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 96:47-56. [PMID: 30371121 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1532614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Design and characterization of a radiation biodosimetry device are complicated by the fact that the requisite data are not available in the intended use population, namely humans exposed to a single, whole-body radiation dose. Instead, one must turn to model systems. We discuss our studies utilizing healthy, unexposed humans, human bone marrow transplant patients undergoing total body irradiation (TBI), non-human primates subjected to the same irradiation regimen received by the human TBI patients and NHPs given a single, whole-body dose of ionizing radiation.Materials and Methods: We use Bayesian linear mixed models to characterize the association between NHP and human expression patterns in radiation response genes when exposed to a common exposure regimen and across exposure regimens within the same species.Results: We show that population average differences in expression of our radiation response genes from one to another model system are comparable to typical differences between two randomly sampled members of a given model system and that these differences are smaller, on average, for linear combinations of the probe data and for the model-based combinations employed for dose prediction as part of a radiation biodosimetry device.Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that dose estimates based on our gene list will be accurate when applied to humans who have received a single, whole-body exposure to ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin S Iversen
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Janice M McCarthy
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Gary Lipton
- Department of Statistical Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gary Phillips
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies & Cell Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Holly Dressman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel Ross
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies & Cell Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nelson Chao
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies & Cell Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Candidate protein markers for radiation biodosimetry in the hematopoietically humanized mouse model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13557. [PMID: 30202043 PMCID: PMC6131502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31740-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
After a radiological incident, there is an urgent need for fast and reliable bioassays to identify radiation-exposed individuals within the first week post exposure. This study aimed to identify candidate radiation-responsive protein biomarkers in human lymphocytes in vivo using humanized NOD scid gamma (Hu-NSG) mouse model. Three days after X-irradiation (0–2 Gy, 88 cGy/min), human CD45+ lymphocytes were collected from the Hu-NSG mouse spleen and quantitative changes in the proteome of the human lymphocytes were analysed by mass spectrometry. Forty-six proteins were differentially expressed in response to radiation exposure. FDXR, BAX, DDB2 and ACTN1 proteins were shown to have dose-dependent response with a fold change greater than 2. When these proteins were used to estimate radiation dose by linear regression, the combination of FDXR, ACTN1 and DDB2 showed the lowest mean absolute errors (≤0.13 Gy) and highest coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.96). Biomarker validation studies were performed in human lymphocytes 3 days after irradiation in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, this is the first study to identify radiation-induced human protein signatures in vivo using the humanized mouse model and develop a protein panel which could be used for the rapid assessment of absorbed dose 3 days after radiation exposure.
Collapse
|