1
|
Kiang JG, Cannon G, Singh VK. An Overview of Radiation Countermeasure Development in Radiation Research from 1954 to 2024. Radiat Res 2024; 202:420-431. [PMID: 38964743 DOI: 10.1667/rade-24-00036.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Preparation for medical responses to major radiation accidents, further driven by increases in the threat of nuclear warfare, has led to a pressing need to understand the underlying mechanisms of radiation injury (RI) alone or in combination with other trauma (combined injury, CI). The identification of these mechanisms suggests molecules and signaling pathways that can be targeted to develop radiation medical countermeasures. Thus far, the United States Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) has approved seven countermeasures to mitigate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS), but no drugs are available for prophylaxis and no agents have been approved to combat the other sub-syndromes of ARS, let alone delayed effects of acute radiation exposure or the effects of combined injury. From its inception, Radiation Research has significantly contributed to the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of radiation injury and combined injury, and to the development of radiation medical countermeasures for these indications through the publication of peer-reviewed research and review articles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliann G Kiang
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, School of Medicine
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Georgetta Cannon
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carpenter AD, Li Y, Fatanmi OO, Wise SY, Petrus SA, Janocha BL, Cheema AK, Singh VK. Metabolomic Profiles in Tissues of Nonhuman Primates Exposed to Either Total- or Partial-Body Radiation. Radiat Res 2024; 201:371-383. [PMID: 38253059 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00091.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A complex cascade of systemic and tissue-specific responses induced by exposure to ionizing radiation can lead to functional impairment over time in the surviving population. Current methods for management of survivors of unintentional radiation exposure episodes rely on monitoring individuals over time for the development of adverse clinical symptoms due to the lack of predictive biomarkers for tissue injury. In this study, we report on changes in metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in multiple tissues of nonhuman primates (NHPs) that received either 4.0 Gy or 5.8 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI) of 60Co gamma rays, and 4.0 or 5.8 Gy partial-body irradiation (PBI) from LINAC-derived photons and were treated with a promising radiation countermeasure, gamma-tocotrienol (GT3). These include small molecule alterations that correlate with radiation effects in the jejunum, lung, kidney, and spleen of animals that either survived or succumbed to radiation toxicities over a 30-day period. Radiation-induced metabolic changes in tissues were observed in animals exposed to both doses and types of radiation, but were partially alleviated in GT3-treated and irradiated animals, with lung and spleen being most responsive. The majority of the pathways protected by GT3 treatment in these tissues were related to glucose metabolism, inflammation, and aldarate metabolism, suggesting GT3 may exert radioprotective effects in part by sparing these pathways from radiation-induced dysregulation. Taken together, the results of our study demonstrate that the prophylactic administration of GT3 results in metabolic and lipidomic shifts that likely provide an overall advantage against radiation injury. This investigation is among the first to highlight the use of a molecular phenotyping approach in a highly translatable NHP model of partial- and total-body irradiation to determine the underlying physiological mechanisms involved in the radioprotective efficacy of GT3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alana D Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Oluseyi O Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen Y Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarah A Petrus
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brianna L Janocha
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shrum SA, Nukala U, Shrimali S, Pineda EN, Krager KJ, Thakkar S, Jones DE, Pathak R, Breen PJ, Aykin-Burns N, Compadre CM. Tocotrienols Provide Radioprotection to Multiple Organ Systems through Complementary Mechanisms of Antioxidant and Signaling Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1987. [PMID: 38001840 PMCID: PMC10668991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tocotrienols have powerful radioprotective properties in multiple organ systems and are promising candidates for development as clinically effective radiation countermeasures. To facilitate their development as clinical radiation countermeasures, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms behind their powerful multi-organ radioprotective properties. In this context, their antioxidant effects are recognized for directly preventing oxidative damage to cellular biomolecules from ionizing radiation. However, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that the radioprotective mechanism of action for tocotrienols extends beyond their antioxidant properties. This raises a new pharmacological paradigm that tocotrienols are uniquely efficacious radioprotectors due to a synergistic combination of antioxidant and other signaling effects. In this review, we have covered the wide range of multi-organ radioprotective effects observed for tocotrienols and the mechanisms underlying it. These radioprotective effects for tocotrienols can be characterized as (1) direct cytoprotective effects, characteristic of the classic antioxidant properties, and (2) other effects that modulate a wide array of critical signaling factors involved in radiation injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Shrum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Tocol Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Little Rock, AR 77205, USA
| | - Ujwani Nukala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Shivangi Shrimali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Edith Nathalie Pineda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA
| | - Kimberly J. Krager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Shraddha Thakkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Darin E. Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Rupak Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Philip J. Breen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Nukhet Aykin-Burns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
| | - Cesar M. Compadre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (U.N.); (S.S.); (E.N.P.); (K.J.K.); (S.T.); (D.E.J.); (R.P.); (P.J.B.); (N.A.-B.)
- Tocol Pharmaceuticals, LLC, Little Rock, AR 77205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harada F, Fukuda T, Uchiyama Y. [Radioproteomics for Discriminating the Activity and Inactivity of Immune Checkpoint Molecules in Breast Cancer]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2023; 79:1136-1143. [PMID: 37587046 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2023-1358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radioproteomics studies investigating the relationship between lesion phenotype and proteins have been progressed. The purpose of this study was to develop a radioproteomics method for discriminating between active and inactive immune checkpoint molecules based on lesion phenotype. METHODS From the public database TCGA-BRCA, mRNA and fat suppression contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images of 49 patients with breast cancer were selected for the experiment. Using mRNA, we defined cases with active (10 cases) and inactive (39 cases) immune checkpoint molecules. To discriminate these cases using lesion phenotype, 275 radiomics features were measured from the tumor area. After selecting 3 radiomics features by using Lasso, logistic regression was employed to discriminate between active and inactive cases of immune checkpoint molecules. RESULTS Evaluation of ROC analysis showed that the AUC was 0.81. CONCLUSION Patients whose immune cell function is being braked by immune checkpoint molecules are likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors when their activity is inhibited. Therefore, our results may be applied to predict the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyu Harada
- Department of Radiology, Nagasaki University Hospital
| | - Toru Fukuda
- Department of Radiology, Nagasaki University Hospital
| | - Yoshikazu Uchiyama
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar VP, Biswas S, Holmes-Hampton GP, Goesch T, Fahl W, Ghosh SP. PrC-210 Protects against Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic and Intestinal Injury in Mice and Reduces Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1417. [PMID: 37507957 PMCID: PMC10376632 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of safe, orally available, and effective prophylactic countermeasures to protect our warfighters is an unmet need because there is no such FDA-approved countermeasure available for use. Th 1-Propanethiol, 3-(methylamino)-2-((methylamino)methyl) (PrC-210), a synthetic small molecule, is a member of a new family of aminothiols designed to reduce toxicity while scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our study investigated the protective role of a single oral administration of PrC-210 against radiation-induced hematopoietic and intestinal injury in mice. Pre-treatment with PrC-210 significantly improved the survival of mice exposed to a lethal dose of radiation. Our findings indicated that the radioprotective properties of PrC-210 are achieved by accelerating the recovery of the hematopoietic system, stimulating bone marrow progenitor cells, and ameliorating additional biomarkers of hematopoietic injury. PrC-210 pre-treatment reduced intestinal injury in mice exposed to a lethal dose of radiation by restoring jejunal crypts and villi, reducing translocation of bacteria to the spleen, maintaining citrulline levels, and reducing the sepsis marker serum amyloid A (SAA) in serum. Finally, PrC-210 pre-treatment led to a significant reduction (~10 fold) of Nos2 expression (inducible nitric oxide) in the spleen and decreased oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense system. These data support the further development of PrC-210 to receive approval from the FDA to protect warfighters and first responders from exposure to the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya P Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Shukla Biswas
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Gregory P Holmes-Hampton
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | | | - William Fahl
- Obvia Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Singh VK, Srivastava M, Seed TM. Protein biomarkers for radiation injury and testing of medical countermeasure efficacy: promises, pitfalls, and future directions. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:221-246. [PMID: 37752078 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2263652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiological/nuclear accidents, hostile military activity, or terrorist strikes have the potential to expose a large number of civilians and military personnel to high doses of radiation resulting in the development of acute radiation syndrome and delayed effects of exposure. Thus, there is an urgent need for sensitive and specific assays to assess the levels of radiation exposure to individuals. Such radiation exposures are expected to alter primary cellular proteomic processes, resulting in multifaceted biological responses. AREAS COVERED This article covers the application of proteomics, a promising and fast developing technology based on quantitative and qualitative measurements of protein molecules for possible rapid measurement of radiation exposure levels. Recent advancements in high-resolution chromatography, mass spectrometry, high-throughput, and bioinformatics have resulted in comprehensive (relative quantitation) and precise (absolute quantitation) approaches for the discovery and accuracy of key protein biomarkers of radiation exposure. Such proteome biomarkers might prove useful for assessing radiation exposure levels as well as for extrapolating the pharmaceutical dose of countermeasures for humans based on efficacy data generated using animal models. EXPERT OPINION The field of proteomics promises to be a valuable asset in evaluating levels of radiation exposure and characterizing radiation injury biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Carpenter AD, Li Y, Janocha BL, Wise SY, Fatanmi OO, Maniar M, Cheema AK, Singh VK. Analysis of the Proteomic Profile in Serum of Irradiated Nonhuman Primates Treated with Ex-Rad, a Radiation Medical Countermeasure. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:1116-1126. [PMID: 36977373 PMCID: PMC10088047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
There are currently four radiation medical countermeasures that have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration to mitigate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome, all of which are repurposed radiomitigators. The evaluation of additional candidate drugs that may also be helpful for use during a radiological/nuclear emergency is ongoing. A chlorobenzyl sulfone derivative (organosulfur compound) known as Ex-Rad, or ON01210, is one such candidate medical countermeasure, being a novel, small-molecule kinase inhibitor that has demonstrated efficacy in the murine model. In this study, nonhuman primates exposed to ionizing radiation were subsequently administered Ex-Rad as two treatment schedules (Ex-Rad I administered 24 and 36 h post-irradiation, and Ex-Rad II administered 48 and 60 h post-irradiation) and the proteomic profiles of serum using a global molecular profiling approach were assessed. We observed that administration of Ex-Rad post-irradiation is capable of mitigating radiation-induced perturbations in protein abundance, particularly in restoring protein homeostasis, immune response, and mitigating hematopoietic damage, at least in part after acute exposure. Taken together, restoration of functionally significant pathway perturbations may serve to protect damage to vital organs and provide long-term survival benefits to the afflicted population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alana D Carpenter
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Brianna L Janocha
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Stephen Y Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Oluseyi O Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Manoj Maniar
- Onconova Therapeutics, Inc., 375 Pheasant Run, Newtown, Pennsylvania 18940, United States
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia 20057, United States
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Singh VK, Seed TM. Development of gamma-tocotrienol as a radiation medical countermeasure for the acute radiation syndrome: current status and future perspectives. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:25-35. [PMID: 36655861 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2169127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The possibility of exposure to high doses of total- or partial-body ionizing radiation at a high dose rate due to radiological/nuclear accidents or terrorist attacks is increasing. Despite research and development during the last six decades, there is a shortage of nontoxic, safe, and effective radiation medical countermeasures (MCMs) for radiological and nuclear emergencies. To date, the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) has approved only four agents for the mitigation of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS). AREA COVERED We present the current status of a promising radiation countermeasure, gamma-tocotrienol (GT3; a component of vitamin E) as a radiation MCM that has been investigated in murine and nonhuman primate models of H-ARS. There is significant work with this agent using various omic platforms during the last few years to identify its efficacy biomarkers. EXPERT OPINION GT3 is a newer type of radioprotector having significant injury-countering potential and is currently under advanced development for H-ARS. As a pre-exposure drug, it requires only single doses, lacks significant toxicity, and has minimal, ambient temperature storage requirements; thus, GT3 appears to be an ideal MCM for military and first responders as well as for storage in the Strategic National Stockpile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shakyawar SK, Mishra NK, Vellichirammal NN, Cary L, Helikar T, Powers R, Oberley-Deegan RE, Berkowitz DB, Bayles KW, Singh VK, Guda C. A Review of Radiation-Induced Alterations of Multi-Omic Profiles, Radiation Injury Biomarkers, and Countermeasures. Radiat Res 2023; 199:89-111. [PMID: 36368026 PMCID: PMC10279411 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00187.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing utilization of nuclear power enhances the risks associated with industrial accidents, occupational hazards, and the threat of nuclear terrorism. Exposure to ionizing radiation interferes with genomic stability and gene expression resulting in the disruption of normal metabolic processes in cells and organs by inducing complex biological responses. Exposure to high-dose radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, and many other organ-specific injuries. Altered genomic variations, gene expression, metabolite concentrations, and microbiota profiles in blood plasma or tissue samples reflect the whole-body radiation injuries. Hence, multi-omic profiles obtained from high-resolution omics platforms offer a holistic approach for identifying reliable biomarkers to predict the radiation injury of organs and tissues resulting from radiation exposures. In this review, we performed a literature search to systematically catalog the radiation-induced alterations from multi-omic studies and radiation countermeasures. We covered radiation-induced changes in the genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and microbiome profiles. Furthermore, we have covered promising multi-omic biomarkers, FDA-approved countermeasure drugs, and other radiation countermeasures that include radioprotectors and radiomitigators. This review presents an overview of radiation-induced alterations of multi-omics profiles and biomarkers, and associated radiation countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Shakyawar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nitish K Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Neetha N Vellichirammal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Lynnette Cary
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Tomáš Helikar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 68588, USA
| | - Rebecca E Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - David B Berkowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE 65888, USA
| | - Kenneth W Bayles
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Innovation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Singh VK, Seed TM. Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute/Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences perspective on space radiation countermeasure discovery. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:20-29. [PMID: 36336365 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to develop and deploy medical countermeasures (MCMs) in order to support astronauts during space missions against excessive exposures to ionizing radiation exposure. The radiation environment of extraterrestrial space is complex and is characterized by nearly constant fluences of elemental atomic particles (protons being a dominant particle type) with widely different energies and ionization potentials. Chronic exposure to such ionizing radiation carries both near- and long-term health risks, which are generally related to the relative intensity and duration of exposure. These radiation-associated health risks can be managed only to a limited extent by physical means, but perhaps they might be more effectively managed biomedically. The Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute/Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences has a long history of researching and developing MCMs specifically designed to support terrestrial-based military missions involving a radiation-threat component. The development of MCMs for both low and high doses of radiation are major aims of current research, and as such can provide lessons learned for the development of countermeasures applicable to future space missions and its extraterrestrial radiation environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Thomas M Seed
- Tech Micro Services, 4417 Maple Avenue, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pre-Administration of PLX-R18 Cells Protects Mice from Radiation-Induced Hematopoietic Failure and Lethality. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101756. [PMID: 36292639 PMCID: PMC9601513 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS) is a syndrome involving damage to multiple organs caused by exposure to a high dose of ionizing radiation over a short period of time; even low doses of radiation damage the radiosensitive hematopoietic system and causes H-ARS. PLacenta eXpanded (PLX)-R18 is a 3D-expanded placenta-derived stromal cell product designated for the treatment of hematological disorders. These cells have been shown in vitro to secrete hematopoietic proteins, to stimulate colony formation, and to induce bone marrow migration. Previous studies in mice showed that PLX-R18 cells responded to radiation-induced hematopoietic failure by transiently secreting hematopoiesis related proteins to enhance reconstitution of the hematopoietic system. We assessed the potential effect of prophylactic PLX-R18 treatment on H-ARS. PLX-R18 cells were administered intramuscularly to C57BL/6 mice, −1 and 3 days after (LD70/30) total body irradiation. PLX R18 treatment significantly increased survival after irradiation (p < 0.0005). In addition, peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) cellularity were monitored at several time points up to 30 days. PLX-R18 treatment significantly increased the number of colony-forming hematopoietic progenitors in the femoral BM and significantly raised peripheral blood cellularity. PLX-R18 administration attenuated biomarkers of bone marrow aplasia (EPO, FLT3L), sepsis (SAA), and systemic inflammation (sP-selectin and E-selectin) and attenuated radiation-induced inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and growth factors, including G-CSF, MIP-1a, MIP-1b, IL-2, IL-6 and MCP-1, In addition, PLX-R18 also ameliorated radiation-induced upregulation of pAKT. Taken together, prophylactic PLX-R18 administration may serve as a protection measure, mitigating bone marrow failure symptoms and systemic inflammation in the H-ARS model.
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee JH, Yi H, Lee JH, Seo HW, Oh KS, Lee BH. KR-31831 improves survival and protects hematopoietic cells and radiosensitive tissues against radiation-induced injuries in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112350. [PMID: 34952740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the radioprotective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of KR-31831 against radiation-induced injury in a mouse model. KR-31831 (30 and 50 mg/kg) was administered to mice 24 h and 30 min before exposure to a single lethal or sublethal dose of whole-body irradiation (WBI) (7 or 4 Gy, respectively). These animals were then evaluated for changes in mortality, various hematological and biochemical parameters, and histological features in response to these treatments. In addition, RNA sequencing was used to profile the radiation-induced transcriptomic response in the bone marrow cells. The results showed that KR-31831 dose-dependently prolonged the 30-day survival period and prevented damage to radiation-sensitive organs, such as the intestine and testis, in response to WBI. Damage to the hematopoietic system was also notably improved in the KR-31831-treated mice, as evidenced by an increase in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells, as well as recovery of the histopathological characteristics of the bone marrow. These protective effects were achieved, at least in part, via the suppression of radiation-induced increases in apoptotic cell death and erythropoietin levels in the plasma. Furthermore, the gene expression profiles of the bone marrow cells of the WBI-treated mice suggested that KR-31831 upregulates the expression of the genes involved in regulating apoptosis and modulating the immune response, both of which are required for protecting the bone marrow. These results suggest the potential therapeutic efficacy of KR-31831 for protection against radiation-induced injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Lee
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuna Yi
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Lee
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Seo
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seok Oh
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Data Convergence Drug Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Girgis M, Wise SY, Fatanmi OO, Seed TM, Maniar M, Cheema AK, Singh VK. Analysis of the metabolomic profile in serum of irradiated nonhuman primates treated with Ex-Rad, a radiation countermeasure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11449. [PMID: 34075191 PMCID: PMC8169671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved four drugs to mitigate hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome and all four are repurposed radiomitigators. There are several additional drug candidates currently under evaluation that may also be helpful for use during a widespread emergency. One possible candidate is Ex-Rad, also known as ON01210, a chlorobenzyl sulfone derivative (organosulfur compound), which is a novel, small-molecule kinase inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in the murine model. In this study, we have evaluated the metabolomic and lipidomic profiles in serum samples of nonhuman primates (NHPs) treated with Ex-Rad after exposure to ionizing radiation. Two different dose administration schedules (Ex-Rad I administered 24 and 36 h post-irradiation, and Ex-Rad II administered 48 and 60 h post-irradiation), were used and evaluated using a global molecular profiling approach. We observed alterations in biochemical pathways relating to inflammation and oxidative stress after radiation exposure that were alleviated in animals that received Ex-Rad I or Ex-Rad II. The results from this study lend credence to the possible radiomitigative effects of this drug possibly via a dampening of metabolism-based tissue injury, thus aiding in recovery of vital, radiation-injured organ systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxiang Li
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Girgis
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephen Y Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Oluseyi O Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M Seed
- Tech Micro Services, 4417 Maple Avenue, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Manoj Maniar
- Onconova Therapeutics, Inc, 375 Pheasant Run, Newtown, PA, USA
| | - Amrita K Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bene BJ, Blakely WF, Burmeister DM, Cary L, Chhetri SJ, Davis CM, Ghosh SP, Holmes-Hampton GP, Iordanskiy S, Kalinich JF, Kiang JG, Kumar VP, Lowy RJ, Miller A, Naeem M, Schauer DA, Senchak L, Singh VK, Stewart AJ, Velazquez EM, Xiao M. Celebrating 60 Years of Accomplishments of the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute1. Radiat Res 2021; 196:129-146. [PMID: 33979439 DOI: 10.1667/21-00064.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chartered by the U.S. Congress in 1961, the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) is a Joint Department of Defense (DoD) entity with the mission of carrying out the Medical Radiological Defense Research Program in support of our military forces around the globe. In the last 60 years, the investigators at AFRRI have conducted exploratory and developmental research with broad application to the field of radiation sciences. As the only DoD facility dedicated to radiation research, AFRRI's Medical Radiobiology Advisory Team provides deployable medical and radiobiological subject matter expertise, advising commanders in the response to a U.S. nuclear weapon incident and other nuclear or radiological material incidents. AFRRI received the DoD Joint Meritorious Unit Award on February 17, 2004, for its exceptionally meritorious achievements from September 11, 2001 to June 20, 2003, in response to acts of terrorism and nuclear/radiological threats at home and abroad. In August 2009, the American Nuclear Society designated the institute a nuclear historic landmark as the U.S.'s primary source of medical nuclear and radiological research, preparedness and training. Since then, research has continued, and core areas of study include prevention, assessment and treatment of radiological injuries that may occur from exposure to a wide range of doses (low to high). AFRRI collaborates with other government entities, academic institutions, civilian laboratories and other countries to research the biological effects of ionizing radiation. Notable early research contributions were the establishment of dose limits for major acute radiation syndromes in primates, applicable to human exposures, followed by the subsequent evolution of radiobiology concepts, particularly the importance of immune collapse and combined injury. In this century, the program has been essential in the development and validation of prophylactic and therapeutic drugs, such as Amifostine, Neupogen®, Neulasta®, Nplate® and Leukine®, all of which are used to prevent and treat radiation injuries. Moreover, AFRRI has helped develop rapid, high-precision, biodosimetry tools ranging from novel assays to software decision support. New drug candidates and biological dose assessment technologies are currently being developed. Such efforts are supported by unique and unmatched radiation sources and generators that allow for comprehensive analyses across the various types and qualities of radiation. These include but are not limited to both 60Co facilities, a TRIGA® reactor providing variable mixed neutron and γ-ray fields, a clinical linear accelerator, and a small animal radiation research platform with low-energy photons. There are five major research areas at AFRRI that encompass the prevention, assessment and treatment of injuries resulting from the effects of ionizing radiation: 1. biodosimetry; 2. low-level and low-dose-rate radiation; 3. internal contamination and metal toxicity; 4. radiation combined injury; and 5. radiation medical countermeasures. These research areas are bolstered by an educational component to broadcast and increase awareness of the medical effects of ionizing radiation, in the mass-casualty scenario after a nuclear detonation or radiological accidents. This work provides a description of the military medical operations as well as the radiation facilities and capabilities present at AFRRI, followed by a review and discussion of each of the research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lynnette Cary
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Catherine M Davis
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gregory P Holmes-Hampton
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sergey Iordanskiy
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Juliann G Kiang
- Scientific Research Department.,Medicine.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | - David A Schauer
- Radiation Sciences Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Vijay K Singh
- Scientific Research Department.,Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar VP, Stone S, Biswas S, Sharma N, Ghosh SP. Gamma Tocotrienol Protects Mice From Targeted Thoracic Radiation Injury. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:587970. [PMID: 33343356 PMCID: PMC7748112 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.587970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation injury will result in multiorgan dysfuntion leading to multiorgan failure. In addition to many factors such as radiation dose, dose rate, the severity of the injury will also depend on organ systems which are exposed. Here, we report the protective property of gamma tocotrienol (GT3) in total as well as partial body irradiation (PBI) model in C3H/HeN male mice. We have carried out PBI by targeting thoracic region (lung-PBI) using Small Animal Radiation Research Platform, an X-ray irradiator with capabilities of an image guided irradiation with a variable collimator with minimized exposure to non-targeted tissues and organs. Precise and accurate irradiation of lungs was carried out at either 14 or 16 Gy at an approximate dose rate of 2.6 Gy/min. Though a low throughput model, it is amenable to change the field size on the spot. No damage to other non-targeted organs was observed in histopathological evaluation. There was no significant change in peripheral blood counts of irradiated mice in comparison to naïve mice. Femoral bone marrow cells had no damage in irradiated mice. As expected, damage to the targeted tissue was observed in the histopathological evaluation and non-targeted tissue was found normal. Regeneration and increase of cellularity and megakaryocytes on GT3 treatment was compared to significant loss of cellularity in saline group. Peak alveolitis was observed on day 14 post-PBI and protection from alveolitis by GT3 was noted. In irradiated lung tissue, thirty proteins were found to be differentially expressed but modulated by GT3 to reverse the effects of irradiation. We propose that possible mode of action of GT3 could be Angiopoietin 2-Tie2 pathway leading to AKT/ERK pathways resulting in disruption in cell survival/angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya P Kumar
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sasha Stone
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shukla Biswas
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Neel Sharma
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sanchita P Ghosh
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bone marrow stromal cell therapy improves survival after radiation injury but does not restore endogenous hematopoiesis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22211. [PMID: 33335275 PMCID: PMC7747726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The only available option to treat radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome is allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, a therapy unavailable to many patients undergoing treatment for malignancy, which would also be infeasible in a radiological disaster. Stromal cells serve as critical components of the hematopoietic stem cell niche and are thought to protect hematopoietic cells under stress. Prior studies that have transplanted mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) without co-administration of a hematopoietic graft have shown underwhelming rescue of endogenous hematopoiesis and have delivered the cells within 24 h of radiation exposure. Herein, we examine the efficacy of a human bone marrow-derived MSC therapy delivered at 3 h or 30 h in ameliorating radiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome and show that pancytopenia persists despite MSC therapy. Animals exposed to radiation had poorer survival and experienced loss of leukocytes, platelets, and red blood cells. Importantly, mice that received a therapeutic dose of MSCs were significantly less likely to die but experienced equivalent collapse of the hematopoietic system. The cause of the improved survival was unclear, as complete blood counts, splenic and marrow cellularity, numbers and function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and frequency of niche cells were not significantly improved by MSC therapy. Moreover, human MSCs were not detected in the bone marrow. MSC therapy reduced crypt dropout in the small intestine and promoted elevated expression of growth factors with established roles in gut development and regeneration, including PDGF-A, IGFBP-3, IGFBP-2, and IGF-1. We conclude that MSC therapy improves survival not through overt hematopoietic rescue but by positive impact on other radiosensitive tissues, such as the intestinal mucosa. Collectively, these data reveal that MSCs could be an effective countermeasure in cancer patients and victims of nuclear accidents but that MSCs alone do not significantly accelerate or contribute to recovery of the blood system.
Collapse
|
17
|
Mitigative efficacy of the clinical dosage administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and romiplostim in mice with severe acute radiation syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:339. [PMID: 32746943 PMCID: PMC7398212 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that the high-dosage administration of domestically approved pharmaceutical drugs, especially granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and romiplostim (RP), is a rapid and appropriate medical treatment for preventing severe acute radiation syndrome (ARS) of victims exposed to lethal total-body irradiation (TBI). However, it remains unclear whether or not the clinical dosage administration of these drugs can ameliorate TBI-induced ARS and related high mortality in order to find various drug treatment options and less toxic optimum protocol depending on the situation surrounding the radiological accidents. METHODS We assessed the clinical dosage administration in combination with G-CSF and RP as intraperitoneal injection in C57BL/6 J mice exposed to more than 7-Gy lethal dose of X-ray TBI for the survival study evaluated by the log-rank test. Bone marrow and splenic cells were collected on the 21st day, when 1 week has passed from last administration, to detect the level of cell apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-related anti-oxidative gene expressions, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay using sera was performed for cell senescence and inflammation status analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer or Bonferroni/Dunn multiple comparison tests. RESULTS The combined once-daily administration of 10 μg/kg G-CSF for 4 times and 10 μg/kg RP once a week for 3 times improve the 30-day survival rate of lethal TBI mice compared with untreated TBI mice, accompanied by a gradual increase in the body weight and hematopoietic cell numbers. The radio-mitigative effect is probably attributed to the scavenging of ROS and the reduction in cell apoptosis. These changes were associated with the upregulation of Nrf2 and its downstream anti-oxidative targets in TBI mice. Furthermore, this combination modulated TBI-induced cell senescence an d inflammation markers. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that the clinical dosage administration in combination with G-CSF and RP may also have radio-mitigative effects on mice exposed to lethal TBI and may be a potent therapeutic agent for mitigating radiation-induced severe ARS.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rosen E, Fatanmi OO, Wise SY, Rao VA, Singh VK. Tocol Prophylaxis for Total-body Irradiation: A Proteomic Analysis in Murine Model. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:12-20. [PMID: 32205715 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in mouse jejunum protein expression in response to prophylactic administration of two promising tocols, γ-tocotrienol (GT3) and α-tocopherol succinate (TS), as radiation countermeasures before irradiation to elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) of their radioprotective efficacy. Mice were administered GT3 or TS (200 mg kg) subcutaneously 24 h prior to exposure to 11 Gy Co γ-radiation, a supralethal dose for mice. Jejunum was harvested 24 h post-irradiation. Results of the two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), coupled with mass spectrometry, and advanced bioinformatics tools suggest that the tocols have a corresponding impact on expression of 13 proteins as identified by mass spectrometry. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) reveals a network of associated proteins involved in inflammatory response, organismal injury and abnormalities, and cellular development. Relevant signaling pathways including actin cytoskeleton signaling, RhoA signaling, and Rho family GTPase were identified. This study reveals the major proteins, pathways, and networks involved in preventing the radiation-induced injury in gut that may be contributing to enhanced survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Rosen
- Division of Biotechnology Research and Review III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | | | - V Ashutosh Rao
- Division of Biotechnology Research and Review III, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rana P, Rama Rao KV, Ravula A, Trivedi R, D'Souza M, Singh AK, Gupta RK, Chandra N. Oxidative stress contributes to cerebral metabolomic profile changes in animal model of blast-induced traumatic brain injury. Metabolomics 2020; 16:39. [PMID: 32166461 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-1649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) has been recognized as the common mode of traumatic brain injury amongst military and civilian personnel due to an increased insurgent activity domestically and abroad. Previous studies from this laboratory have identified three major pathological events following BINT which include blood brain barrier disruption the earliest event, followed by oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as secondary events occurring a few hours following blast. OBJECTIVES Our recent studies have also identified an increase in oxidative stress mediated by the activation of superoxide producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) in different brain regions at varying levels with neurons displaying higher oxidative stress (NOX activation) compared to any other neural cell. Since neurons have higher energy demands in brain and are more prone to oxidative damage, this study evaluated the effect of oxidative stress on blast-blast induced changes in metabolomics profiles in different brain regions. METHODS Animals were exposed to mild/moderate blast injury (180 kPa) and examined the metabolites of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism as well as the profiles of plasma membrane metabolites in different brain regions at different time points (24 h, 3 day and 7 day) after blast using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Effect of apocynin, an inhibitor of superoxide producing enzyme NADPH oxidase on cerebral metabalomics profiles was also examined. RESULTS Several metabolomic profile changes were observed in frontal cortex and hippocampus with concomitant decrease in energy metabolism. In addition, glutamate/glutamine and other amino acid metabolism as well as metabolites involved in plasma membrane integrity were also altered. Hippocampus appears metabolically more vulnerable than the frontal cortex. A post-treatment of animals with apocynin, an inhibitor of NOX activation significantly prevented the changes in metabolite profiles. CONCLUSION Together these studies indicate that blast injury reduces both cerebral energy and neurotransmitter amino acid metabolism and that oxidative stress contributes to these processes. Thus, strategies aimed at reducing oxidative stress can have a therapeutic benefit in mitigating metabolic changes following BINT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Rana
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Kakulavarapu V Rama Rao
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA
| | - Arunreddy Ravula
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA
| | - Richa Trivedi
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Maria D'Souza
- Department of NMR, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Ajay K Singh
- Metabolomics Research Facility, Division of Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Raj K Gupta
- US Department of Defense Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office, US Army MRMC, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
| | - Namas Chandra
- US Department of Defense Blast Injury Research Program Coordinating Office, US Army MRMC, 504 Scott Street, Fort Detrick, MD, USA.
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang L, Jia H, Tang Z, Zhu X, Cao Y, Tang Y, Yu H, Cao J, Zhang H, Zhang S. Proteomic Analysis of Radiation-Induced Acute Liver Damage in a Rabbit Model. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819889508. [PMID: 31827415 PMCID: PMC6886284 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819889508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced liver damage (RILD) has become a limitation in radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. We established a rabbit model of RILD by CyberKnife. Electron microscopy analysis revealed obvious nuclear atrophy and disposition of fat in the nucleus after irradiation. We then utilized a mass spectrometry-based label-free relative quantitative proteomics approach to compare global proteomic changes of rabbit liver in response to radiation. In total, 2365 proteins were identified, including 338 proteins that were significantly dysregulated between irradiated and nonirradiated liver tissues. These differentially expressed proteins included USP47, POLR2A, CSTB, MCFD2, and CSNK2A1. Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed that USP47 and CABLES1 transcripts were significantly higher in irradiated liver tissues, whereas MCFD2 and CSNK2A1 expressions were significantly reduced. In Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins analysis, differentially expressed proteins were annotated and divided into 24 categories, including posttranslational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis revealed that the enriched pathways in dysregulated proteins included the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) signaling pathway, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway. The identification of proteins and pathways is crucial toward elucidating the radiation response process of the liver, which may facilitate the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingong Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Jia
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhicheng Tang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangsen Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huojun Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|