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Okon E, Gaweł-Bęben K, Jarzab A, Koch W, Kukula-Koch W, Wawruszak A. Therapeutic Potential of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives for Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15789. [PMID: 37958772 PMCID: PMC10648492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. In recent years, significant progress has been made in BC therapy. However, serious side effects resulting from the use of standard chemotherapeutic drugs, as well as the phenomenon of multidrug resistance (MDR), limit the effectiveness of approved therapies. Advanced research in the BC area is necessary to create more effective and safer forms of therapy to improve the outlook for individuals diagnosed with this aggressive neoplasm. For decades, plants and natural products with anticancer properties have been successfully utilized in treating various medical conditions. Anthraquinone derivatives are tricyclic secondary metabolites of natural origin that have been identified in plants, lichens, and fungi. They represent a few botanical families, e.g., Rhamnaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Polygonaceae, and others. The review comprehensively covers and analyzes the most recent advances in the anticancer activity of 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives (emodin, aloe-emodin, hypericin, chrysophanol, rhein, and physcion) applied both individually, or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents, in in vitro and in vivo BC models. The application of nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo evidence in the context of 1,8-dihydroanthraquinone derivatives was also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Gaweł-Bęben
- Department of Cosmetology, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, 2 Sucharskiego, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Agata Jarzab
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.)
| | - Wojciech Koch
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medical Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.J.)
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Wu JJ, Zhang J, Xia CY, Ding K, Li XX, Pan XG, Xu JK, He J, Zhang WK. Hypericin: A natural anthraquinone as promising therapeutic agent. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 111:154654. [PMID: 36689857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypericin is a prominent secondary metabolite mainly existing in genus Hypericum. It has become a research focus for a quiet long time owing to its extensively pharmacological activities especially the anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-viral and neuroprotective effects. This review concentrated on summarizing and analyzing the existing studies of hypericin in a comprehensive perspective. METHODS The literature with desired information about hypericin published after 2010 was gained from electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases and Wan Fang DATA. RESULTS According to extensive preclinical and clinical studies conducted on the hypericin, an organized and comprehensive summary of the natural and artificial sources, strategies for improving the bioactivities, pharmacological activities, drug combination of hypericin was presented to explore the future therapeutic potential of this active compound. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this review offered a theoretical guidance for the follow-up research of hypericin. However, the pharmacological mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and structure activity relationship of hypericin should be further studied in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Wu
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Cong-Yuan Xia
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kang Ding
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xin-Xin Li
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xue-Ge Pan
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jie-Kun Xu
- School of Life Sciences & School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wei-Ku Zhang
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital (Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100029, China; Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Dong X, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Fu J, You L, He Y, Hao Y, Gu Z, Yu Z, Qu C, Yin X, Ni J, Cruz LJ. Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cancer: a review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 73:425-436. [PMID: 33793828 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypericin is a polycyclic aromatic naphthodianthrone that occurs naturally. It is also an active ingredient in some species of the genus Hypericum. Emerging evidence suggests that hypericin has attracted great attention as a potential anticancer drug and exhibits remarkable antiproliferative effect upon irradiation on various tumour cells. This paper aims to summarise the anticancer effect and molecular mechanisms modulated by hypericin-medicated photodynamic therapy and its potential role in the cancer treatment. KEY FINDINGS Hypericin-medicated photodynamic therapy could inhibit the proliferation of various tumour cells including bladder, colon, breast, cervical, glioma, leukaemia, hepatic, melanoma, lymphoma and lung cancers. The effect is primarily mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), JNK, PI3K, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)/TRIB3/Akt/mTOR, TRAIL/TRAIL-receptor, c-Met and Ephrin-Eph, the mitochondria and extrinsic signalling pathways. Furthermore, hypericin-medicated photodynamic therapy in conjunction with chemotherapeutic agents or targeted therapies is more effective in inhibiting the growth of tumour cells. SUMMARY During the past few decades, the anticancer properties of photoactivated hypericin have been extensively investigated. Hypericin-medicated photodynamic therapy can modulate a variety of proteins and genes and exhibit a great potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yawen Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Fu
- Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Hao
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zili Gu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zhenfeng Yu
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luis J Cruz
- Department of Radiology, Division of Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Suváková M, Majerník M, Jendželovský R, Hovan A, Bánó G, Fedoročko P, Antalík M. In vitro study of disodium cromoglicate as a novel effective hydrotrope solvent for hypericin utilisation in photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2020; 206:111855. [PMID: 32220773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypericin (HY) is a naphthodianthrone that naturally occurs in Hypericum perforatum L. It is a promising photosensitiser used in photodynamic therapy for and diagnosis of oncological diseases. However, its hydrophobic character is an obstacle that has prevented its efficient use. The commonly used solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), is a controversial constituent of HY formulations and its use has been rejected by many researchers studying HY both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we propose the utilisation of hydrotropy to solubilise HY in an aqueous environment. Cromolyn (DSCG) is a non-toxic, well-tolerated, antiallergic drug that has been employed in clinical practice since 1970, and in aqueous solution it acts as a hydrotrope. At a molecular ratio of 1:12,000 HY to DSCG, the compound is able to solubilise HY in aqueous environment. In an HT-29 cell suspension, DSCG (1.8 mmol L-1) considerably enhances the interaction between HY (150 nmol L-1) and HT-29 cells, which leads to an HY fluorescence emission increase with a half-time approximately 2 min compared to 29 min for samples that lack DSCG. Studies using HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells showed that DSCG at a given concentration significantly improved accumulation of HY within cells compared to DMSO (p < 0.05) despite the relative resistance of the HT-29 cell line to HY-PDT. Though no significant difference between total reactive oxygen species production was observed for photoactivated HY dissolved in DMSO and DSCG, significant singlet oxygen generation by photoactivated HY dissolved in a DSCG-containing water solution at the studied molecular ratio was confirmed. We also clarified that DSCG does not act as a scavenger of ABTS and galvinoxyl free radicals. The results from an MTT assay showed that DSCG also significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of photoactivated HY compared to DMSO (p < 0.05). This study has demonstrated the ability of DSCG to act as a solvent of HY and enhance the effectiveness of HY-PDT compared to the commonly used organic solvent, DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Suváková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Majerník
- Department of Cellular biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Department of Cellular biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Department of Cellular biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Marián Antalík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bulharská 6, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia.
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Anticancer Potential of Lichens' Secondary Metabolites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010087. [PMID: 31948092 PMCID: PMC7022966 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lichens produce different classes of phenolic compounds, including anthraquinones, xanthones, dibenzofuranes, depsides and depsidones. Many of them have revealed effective biological activities such as antioxidant, antiviral, antibiotics, antifungal, and anticancer. Although no clinical study has been conducted yet, there are number of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating anticancer effects of lichen metabolites. The main goal of our work was to review most recent published papers dealing with anticancer activities of secondary metabolites of lichens and point out to their perspective clinical use in cancer management.
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Kello M, Kulikova L, Vaskova J, Nagyova A, Mojzis J. Fruit Peel Polyphenolic Extract-Induced Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells Is Associated with ROS Production and Modulation of p38MAPK/Erk1/2 and the Akt Signaling Pathway. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:920-931. [PMID: 28718669 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1339819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyphenols represent a large group of natural substances with different biological properties. Currently, polyphenols are well studied due to their free radicals' scavenging and antioxidant activities. However, some studies indicate that polyphenols also exhibit pro-oxidant properties. In this study, the possible involvement of the pro-oxidant activities of fruit polyphenols was investigated in relation to apoptosis induction. To determine the type of cell death induced by fruit polyphenols (Flavine; F7), we assessed a series of assays, including measurements of caspase-7 activation, membrane mitochondrial potential changes, reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species production, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes activities, and PARP cleavage. Moreover, the effect of F7 on selected pro- and antisurvival signaling pathways was determined. We demonstrated that fruit polyphenols induced caspase-dependent cell death associated with increased oxidative stress. We also showed fruit polyphenol-mediated release of mitochondrial pro- and antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family and modulation activity of the Akt, p38 MAPK, and Erk 1/2 pathways as well as the signaling of ROS-mediated DNA damage. Our data demonstrated that fruit peel polyphenols suppressed breast cancer cell growth through increased intracellular oxidative stress and the activation of p38 MAPK and de-activation of the Erk 1/2 and Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kello
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology , P.J. Safarik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Kulikova
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Experimental Medicine , P.J. Safarik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Janka Vaskova
- c Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry , P.J. Safarik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Alexandra Nagyova
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology , P.J. Safarik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Mojzis
- a Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology , P.J. Safarik University , Kosice , Slovak Republic
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Lin S, Yang L, Shi H, Du W, Qi Y, Qiu C, Liang X, Shi W, Liu J. Endoplasmic reticulum-targeting photosensitizer Hypericin confers chemo-sensitization towards oxaliplatin through inducing pro-death autophagy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 87:54-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kimáková P, Solár P, Fecková B, Sačková V, Solárová Z, Ilkovičová L, Kello M. Photoactivated hypericin increases the expression of SOD-2 and makes MCF-7 cells resistant to photodynamic therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:749-755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Lin S, Lei K, Du W, Yang L, Shi H, Gao Y, Yin P, Liang X, Liu J. Enhancement of oxaliplatin sensitivity in human colorectal cancer by hypericin mediated photodynamic therapy via ROS-related mechanism. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 71:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Solárová Z, Mojžiš J, Solár P. Hsp90 inhibitor as a sensitizer of cancer cells to different therapies (review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:907-26. [PMID: 25501619 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone that maintains the structural and functional integrity of various client proteins involved in signaling and many other functions of cancer cells. The natural inhibitors, ansamycins influence the Hsp90 chaperone function by preventing its binding to client proteins and resulting in their proteasomal degradation. N- and C-terminal inhibitors of Hsp90 and their analogues are widely tested as potential anticancer agents in vitro, in vivo as well as in clinical trials. It seems that Hsp90 competitive inhibitors target different tumor types at nanomolar concentrations and might have therapeutic benefit. On the contrary, some Hsp90 inhibitors increased toxicity and resistance of cancer cells induced by heat shock response, and through the interaction of survival signals, that occured as side effects of treatments, could be very effectively limited via combination of therapies. The aim of our review was to collect the data from experimental and clinical trials where Hsp90 inhibitor was combined with other therapies in order to prevent resistance as well as to potentiate the cytotoxic and/or antiproliferative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Solárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Solár
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic
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Jiang Y, Xia X, Leung AW, Xiang J, Xu C. Apoptosis of breast cancer cells induced by hypocrellin B under light-emitting diode irradiation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2012. [PMID: 23200015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Breast cancer is a common disease which threatens the life of women. To explore an alternative modality for combating breast cancer, a light-emitting diode (LED) that activates hypocrellin B was used in the present study to investigate apoptosis induction in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Photocytotoxicity was investigated 24h after photodynamic treatment of hypocrellin B using MTT reduction assay and light microscopy. Apoptosis was observed 6h after photodynamic treatment using flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining as well as fluorescent microscopy with Hoechst33258 staining. The ultrastructure of the treated cells was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Hypocrellin B-induced photocytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a dose-dependent manner. The amount of MDA-MB-231 cells attached to the bottom of well decreased significantly after photodynamic treatment of hypocrellin B. Flow cytometry showed that the early and late apoptotic rate of MDA-MB-231 cells increased remarkably up to 17.46% and 32.80%, respectively, after treatment of LED-activated hypocrellin B. In addition, nuclear condensation, fragmentation and chromatin margination, and topical apoptotic body in the treated cells were observed by nuclear staining and TEM. CONCLUSION Photodynamic action of hypocrellin B irradiated by light-emitting diodes could significantly kill breast cancer cells and induce apoptotic cell death, which suggests LED-activated hypocrellin B is a promising strategy for combating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Department of Photodynamic and Sonodynamic Therapy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Solár P, Chytilová M, Solárová Z, Mojžiš J, Ferenc P, Fedoročko P. Photodynamic Therapy with Hypericin Improved by Targeting HSP90 Associated Proteins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2011; 4:1488-1502. [PMID: 27721334 PMCID: PMC4060136 DOI: 10.3390/ph4111488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we have focused on the response of SKBR-3 cells to both single 17-DMAG treatment as well as its combination with photodynamic therapy with hypericin. Low concentrations of 17-DMAG without any effect on survival of SKBR-3 cells significantly reduced metabolic activity, viability and cell number when combined with photodynamic therapy with hypericin. Moreover, IC10 concentation of 17-DMAG resulted in significant increase of SKBR-3 cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle, followed by an increase of cells in G2 phase when combined with photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, 17-DMAG already decreased HER2, Akt, P-Erk1/2 and survivin protein levels in SKBR-3 cells a short time after its application. In this regard, 17-DMAG protected also SKBR-3 cells against both P-Erk1/2 as well as survivin upregulations induced by photodynamic therapy with hypericin. Interestingly, IC10 concentration of 17-DMAG led to total depletion of Akt, P-Erk1/2 proteins and to decrease of survivin level at 48 h. On the other hand, 17-DMAG did not change HER2 relative expression in SKBR-3 cells, but caused a significant decrease of HER2 mRNA in MCF-7 cells characterized by low HER2 expression. These results show that targeting HSP90 client proteins increases the efficiency of antineoplastic effect of photodynamic therapy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Solár
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Mária Chytilová
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Zuzana Solárová
- Geriatric Nursing Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University,040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Ferenc
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, P.J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovak Republic.
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Chiaviello A, Postiglione I, Palumbo G. Targets and mechanisms of photodynamic therapy in lung cancer cells: a brief overview. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:1014-41. [PMID: 24212652 PMCID: PMC3756402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3011014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains one of the most common cancer-related causes of death. This type of cancer typically develops over a period of many years, and if detected at an early enough stage can be eliminated by a variety of treatments including photodynamic therapy (PDT). A critical discussion on the clinical applications of PDT in lung cancer is well outside the scope of the present report, which, in turn focuses on mechanistic and other aspects of the photodynamic action at a molecular and cellular level. The knowledge of these issues at pre-clinical levels is necessary to develop, check and adopt appropriate clinical protocols in the future. This report, besides providing general information, includes a brief overview of present experimental PDT and provides some non-exhaustive information on current strategies aimed at further improving the efficacy, especially in regard to lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chiaviello
- Department of Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare "L. Califano" - Università Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5 80131 Naples, Italy.
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