1
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Penabeï S, Sepulveda E, Zakaria AM, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin JP. Effect of Linear Energy Transfer on Cystamine's Radioprotective Activity: A Study Using the Fricke Dosimeter with 6-500 MeV per Nucleon Carbon Ions-Implication for Carbon Ion Hadrontherapy. Molecules 2023; 28:8144. [PMID: 38138632 PMCID: PMC10746108 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Radioprotective agents have garnered considerable interest due to their prospective applications in radiotherapy, public health medicine, and situations of large-scale accidental radiation exposure or impending radiological emergencies. Cystamine, an organic diamino-disulfide compound, is recognized for its radiation-protective and antioxidant properties. This study aims to utilize the aqueous ferrous sulfate (Fricke) dosimeter to measure the free-radical scavenging capabilities of cystamine during irradiation by fast carbon ions. This analysis spans an energy range from 6 to 500 MeV per nucleon, which correlates with "linear energy transfer" (LET) values ranging from approximately 248 keV/μm down to 9.3 keV/μm. (2) Methods: Monte Carlo track chemistry calculations were used to simulate the radiation-induced chemistry of aerated Fricke-cystamine solutions across a broad spectrum of cystamine concentrations, ranging from 10-6 to 1 M. (3) Results: In irradiated Fricke solutions containing cystamine, cystamine is observed to hinder the oxidation of Fe2+ ions, an effect triggered by oxidizing agents from the radiolysis of acidic water, resulting in reduced Fe3+ ion production. Our simulations, conducted both with and without accounting for the multiple ionization of water, confirm cystamine's ability to capture free radicals, highlighting its strong antioxidant properties. Aligning with prior research, our simulations also indicate that the protective and antioxidant efficiency of cystamine diminishes with increasing LET of the radiation. This result can be attributed to the changes in the geometry of the track structures when transitioning from lower to higher LETs. (4) Conclusions: If we can apply these fundamental research findings to biological systems at a physiological pH, the use of cystamine alongside carbon-ion hadrontherapy could present a promising approach to further improve the therapeutic ratio in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (S.P.); (E.S.); (A.M.Z.); (J.M.)
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2
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Camazzola G, Boscolo D, Scifoni E, Dorn A, Durante M, Krämer M, Abram V, Fuss MC. TRAX-CHEMxt: Towards the Homogeneous Chemical Stage of Radiation Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119398. [PMID: 37298351 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The indirect effect of radiation plays an important role in radio-induced biological damages. Monte Carlo codes have been widely used in recent years to study the chemical evolution of particle tracks. However, due to the large computational efforts required, their applicability is typically limited to simulations in pure water targets and to temporal scales up to the µs. In this work, a new extension of TRAX-CHEM is presented, namely TRAX-CHEMxt, able to predict the chemical yields at longer times, with the capability of exploring the homogeneous biochemical stage. Based on the species coordinates produced around one track, the set of reaction-diffusion equations is solved numerically with a computationally light approach based on concentration distributions. In the overlapping time scale (500 ns-1 µs), a very good agreement to standard TRAX-CHEM is found, with deviations below 6% for different beam qualities and oxygenations. Moreover, an improvement in the computational speed by more than three orders of magnitude is achieved. The results of this work are also compared with those from another Monte Carlo-based algorithm and a fully homogeneous code (Kinetiscope). TRAX-CHEMxt will allow for studying the variation in chemical endpoints at longer timescales with the introduction, as the next step, of biomolecules, for more realistic assessments of biological response under different radiation and environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Camazzola
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Quantum Dynamics and Control Division, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daria Boscolo
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emanuele Scifoni
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Alexander Dorn
- Quantum Dynamics and Control Division, Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Krämer
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Valentino Abram
- Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, 38123 Povo, Italy
| | - Martina C Fuss
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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3
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Penabeï S, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin JP. Assessment of Cystamine's Radioprotective/Antioxidant Ability under High-Dose-Rate Irradiation: A Monte Carlo Multi-Track Chemistry Simulation Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030776. [PMID: 36979024 PMCID: PMC10044900 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: cystamine and its reduced form cysteamine have radioprotective/antioxidant effects in vivo. In this study, we use an in vitro model system to examine the behavior of cystamine towards the reactive primary species produced during the radiolysis of the Fricke dosimeter under high dose-rate irradiation conditions. (2) Methods: our approach was to use the familiar radiolytic oxidation of ferrous to ferric ions as an indicator of the radioprotective/antioxidant capacity of cystamine. A Monte Carlo computer code was used to simulate the multi-track radiation-induced chemistry of aerated and deaerated Fricke-cystamine solutions as a function of dose rate while covering a large range of cystamine concentrations. (3) Results: our simulations revealed that cystamine provides better protection at pulsed dose rates compared to conventional, low-dose-rate irradiations. Furthermore, our simulations confirmed the radical-capturing ability of cystamine, clearly indicating the strong antioxidant profile of this compound. (4) Conclusion: assuming that these findings can be transposable to cells and tissues at physiological pH, it is suggested that combining cystamine with FLASH-RT could be a promising approach to further enhance the therapeutic ratio of cancer cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samafou Penabeï
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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4
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Petronek MS, Spitz DR, Buettner GR, Allen BG. Oxidation of ferumoxytol by ionizing radiation releases iron. An electron paramagnetic resonance study. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2022; 63:378-384. [PMID: 35301531 PMCID: PMC9124617 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferumoxytol (FMX) is an iron oxide nanoparticle that is FDA approved for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. FMX contains an Fe3O4 core. Currently, the redox chemistry of Fe3O4 nanoparticles remains relatively unexplored. FMX has recently gained interest as an anti-cancer agent. Ionizing radiation (IR) is a treatment modality employed to treat several types of cancer. Utilizing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we found that the products produced from the radiolysis of water can oxidize the Fe3O4 core of FMX. Because of the limited diffusion of the HO2• and HO• produced, these highly oxidizing species have little direct effect on FMX oxidation. We have determined that H2O2 is the primary oxidant of FMX. In the presence of labile Fe2+, we found that reducing species generated from the radiolysis of H2O are able to reduce the Fe3+ sites of the Fe3O4 core. Importantly, we also have shown that IR stimulates the release of ferric iron from FMX. Because of its release of iron, FMX may serve as an adjuvant to enhance radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Petronek
- Correspondence author: The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Med Labs B180, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181 Tel: (319) 356-8019, Fax: 319/335-8039,
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA
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5
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Norton-Baker B, Rocha MA, Granger-Jones J, Fishman DA, Martin RW. Human γS-Crystallin Resists Unfolding Despite Extensive Chemical Modification from Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:679-690. [PMID: 35021623 PMCID: PMC9977691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has dramatic effects on living organisms, causing damage to proteins, DNA, and other cellular components. γ radiation produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage biological macromolecules. Protein modification due to interactions with hydroxyl radical is one of the most common deleterious effects of radiation. The human eye lens is particularly vulnerable to the effects of ionizing radiation, as it is metabolically inactive and its proteins are not recycled after early development. Therefore, radiation damage accumulates and eventually can lead to cataract formation. Here we explore the impact of γ radiation on a long-lived structural protein. We exposed the human eye lens protein γS-crystallin (HγS) to high doses of γ radiation and investigated the chemical and structural effects. HγS accumulated many post-translational modifications (PTMs), appearing to gain significant oxidative damage. Biochemical assays suggested that cysteines were affected, with the concentration of free thiol reduced with increasing γ radiation exposure. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that irradiated samples form protein-protein cross-links, including nondisulfide covalent bonds. Tandem mass spectrometry on proteolytic digests of irradiated samples revealed that lysine, methionine, tryptophan, leucine, and cysteine were oxidized. Despite these chemical modifications, HγS remained folded past 10.8 kGy of γ irradiation as evidenced by circular dichroism and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Norton-Baker
- These authors contributed equally.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
| | - Megan A. Rocha
- These authors contributed equally.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
| | | | - Dmitry A. Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
| | - Rachel W. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3900, USA
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Alanazi A, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin JP. A Computer Modeling Study of Water Radiolysis at High Dose Rates. Relevance to FLASH Radiotherapy. Radiat Res 2021; 195:149-162. [PMID: 33300999 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00168.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
"FLASH radiotherapy" is a new method of radiation treatment by which large doses of radiation are delivered at high dose rates to tumors almost instantaneously (a few milliseconds), paradoxically sparing healthy tissue while preserving anti-tumor activity. To date, no definitive mechanism has been proposed to explain the different responses of the tumor and normal tissue to radiation. As a first step, and given that living cells and tissues consist mainly of water, we studied the effects of high dose rates on the transient yields (G values) of the radical and molecular species formed in the radiolysis of deaerated/aerated water by irradiating protons, using Monte Carlo simulations. Our simulation model consisted of two steps: 1. The random irradiation of a right circular cylindrical volume of water, embedded in nonirradiated bulk water, with single and instantaneous pulses of N 300-MeV incident protons ("linear energy transfer" or LET ∼ 0.3 keV/µm) traveling along the axis of the cylinder; and 2. The development of these N proton tracks, which were initially contained in the irradiated cylinder, throughout the solution over time. The effect of dose rate was studied by varying N, which was calibrated in terms of dose rate. For this, experimental data on the yield G(Fe3+) of the super-Fricke dosimeter as a function of dose rate up to ∼1010 Gy/s were used. Confirming previous experimental and theoretical studies, significant changes in product yields were found to occur with increasing dose rate, with lower radical and higher molecular yields, which result from an increase in the radical density in the bulk of the solution. Using the kinetics of the decay of hydrated electrons, a critical time (τc), which corresponds to the "onset" of dose-rate effects, was determined for each value of N. For the cylindrical irradiation model, τc was inversely proportional to the dose rate. Moreover, the comparison with experiments with pulsed electrons underlined the importance of the geometry of the irradiation volume for the estimation of τc. Finally, in the case of aerated water radiolysis, we calculated the yield of oxygen consumption and estimated the corresponding concentration of consumed (depleted) oxygen as a function of time and dose rate. It was shown that this concentration increases substantially with increasing dose rate in the time window ∼1 ns-10 µs, with a very pronounced maximum around 0.2 µs. For high-dose-rate irradiations (>109 Gy/s), a large part of the available oxygen (∼0.25 mM for an air-saturated solution) was found to be consumed. This result, which was obtained on a purely water radiation chemistry basis, strongly supports the hypothesis that the normal tissue-sparing effect of FLASH stems from temporary hypoxia due to oxygen depletion induced by high-dose-rate irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alanazi
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke (Québec), Canada
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7
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Zakaria AM, Lertnaisat P, Islam MM, Meesungnoen J, Katsumura Y, Jay-Gerin JP. Yield of the Fricke dosimeter irradiated with the recoil α and Li ions of the 10B( n, α) 7Li nuclear reaction: effects of multiple ionization and temperature. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations were used to investigate the effects of multiple ionization (MI) of water on the yields (G values) of the ferrous sulfate (Fricke) dosimeter, which was irradiated with low-energy α and lithium ion recoils from the 10B(n,α)7Li nuclear reaction as a function of temperature from 25 to 350 °C. Calculations were performed individually for 1.47 MeV α-particles and 0.84 MeV lithium nuclei with dose-average linear energy transfer (LET) values of ∼196 and 225 keV/µm at 25 °C, respectively. The total yields were obtained by summing the G values for each recoil α and Li ion weighted with its fraction of the total energy absorbed. At room temperature, our G(Fe3+) values calculated under aerated and deaerated conditions only agreed well with the experimental results, provided the MI of water was incorporated in the simulations. This strongly supports the importance of the role of MI of water in the high-LET radiolysis of water. We also simulated the effects of MI of water on G-values for the primary species of the radiolysis of deaerated 0.4 M H2SO4 aqueous solutions by 10B(n,α)7Li recoils. As with the Fricke dosimeter, the best agreement between experiment and simulation was found at 25 °C when the MI of water was included in the simulations. It was also shown that G(Fe3+) decreases slightly as a function of temperature over the range of 25–350 °C. However, at elevated temperatures, no experimental data were available with which to compare our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Muhammad Zakaria
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Phantira Lertnaisat
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Muhammad Mainul Islam
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, 89 Centre Street South, Alliston, ON L9R 1W7, Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Yosuke Katsumura
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Nuclear Professional School, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Shirakata-shirane 2-22, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1188, Japan
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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8
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Grilj V, Buonanno M, Welch D, Brenner DJ. Proton Irradiation Platforms for Preclinical Studies of High-Dose-Rate (FLASH) Effects at RARAF. Radiat Res 2020; 194:646-655. [PMID: 32926735 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00062.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Limited availability of proton irradiators optimized for high-dose-rate studies makes the preclinical research of proton FLASH therapy challenging. We assembled two proton irradiation platforms that are capable of delivering therapeutic doses to thin biological samples at dose rates equal to and above 100 Gy/s. We optimized and tested dosimetry protocols to assure accurate dose delivery regardless of the instantaneous dose rate. The simplicity of the experimental setups and availability of custom-designed sample holders allows these irradiation platforms to be easily adjusted to accommodate different types of samples, including cell monolayers, 3D tissue models and small animals. We have also fabricated a microfluidic flow-through device for irradiations of biological samples in suspension. We present one example of a measurement with accompanying preliminary results for each of the irradiation platforms. One irradiator was used to study the role of proton dose rate on cell survival for three cancer cell lines, while the other was used to investigate the depletion of oxygen from an aqueous solution by water radiolysis using short intense proton pulses. No dose-rate-dependent variation was observed between the survival fractions of cancer cells irradiated at dose rates of 0.1, 10 and 100 Gy/s up to 10 Gy. On the other hand, irradiations of Fricke solution at 1,000 Gy/s indicated full depletion of oxygen after proton doses of 107 Gy and 56 Gy for samples equilibrated with 21% and 4% oxygen, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Grilj
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - M Buonanno
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - D Welch
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - D J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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9
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Ramos-Méndez J, Domínguez-Kondo N, Schuemann J, McNamara A, Moreno-Barbosa E, Faddegon B. LET-Dependent Intertrack Yields in Proton Irradiation at Ultra-High Dose Rates Relevant for FLASH Therapy. Radiat Res 2020; 194:351-362. [PMID: 32857855 PMCID: PMC7644138 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00084.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
FLASH radiotherapy delivers a high dose (≥10 Gy) at a high rate (≥40 Gy/s). In this way, particles are delivered in pulses as short as a few nanoseconds. At that rate, intertrack reactions between chemical species produced within the same pulse may affect the heterogeneous chemistry stage of water radiolysis. This stochastic process suits the capabilities of the Monte Carlo method, which can model intertrack effects to aid in radiobiology research, including the design and interpretation of experiments. In this work, the TOPAS-nBio Monte Carlo track-structure code was expanded to allow simulations of intertrack effects in the chemical stage of water radiolysis. Simulation of the behavior of radiolytic yields over a long period of time (up to 50 s) was verified by simulating radiolysis in a Fricke dosimeter irradiated by 60Co γ rays. In addition, LET-dependent G values of protons delivered in single squared pulses of widths, 1 ns, 1 µs and 10 µs, were obtained and compared to simulations using no intertrack considerations. The Fricke simulation for the calculated G value of Fe3+ ion at 50 s was within 0.4% of the accepted value from ICRU Report 34. For LET-dependent G values at the end of the chemical stage, intertrack effects were significant at LET values below 2 keV/µm. Above 2 keV/µm the reaction kinetics remained limited locally within each track and thus, effects of intertrack reactions remained low. Therefore, when track structure simulations are used to investigate the biological damage of FLASH irradiation, these intertrack reactions should be considered. The TOPAS-nBio framework with the expansion to intertrack chemistry simulation provides a useful tool to assist in this task.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ramos-Méndez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - N. Domínguez-Kondo
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J. Schuemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - A. McNamara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - E. Moreno-Barbosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Físico-Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Bruce Faddegon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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10
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Sepulveda E, Sanguanmith S, Meesungnoen J, Jay-Gerin JP. Evaluation of the radioprotective ability of cystamine for 150 keV – 500 MeV proton irradiation: a Monte Carlo track chemistry simulation study. CAN J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2018-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cystamine, an organic diamino-disulfide, is among the best of the known radiation-protective compounds, although the underlying molecular mechanisms by which it operates remain poorly understood. This study aims to use the aqueous ferrous sulfate (Fricke) dosimeter to evaluate the protective properties of this compound when present during irradiation by fast incident protons in the energy range of 150 keV – 500 MeV, that is, for “linear energy transfer” (LET) values ranging from ∼72.3 to 0.23 keV/μm. The presence of cystamine in irradiated Fricke solutions prevents the oxidation of Fe2+ ions by the oxidizing species produced in the radiolysis of acidic water, resulting in reduced Fe3+ ion yields. A Monte Carlo computer code is used to simulate the radiation-induced chemistry of the studied Fricke–cystamine solutions under aerated conditions while covering a wide range of cystamine concentrations from 5 × 10−7 to 1 mol/L. Results indicate that the protective activity of cystamine is due to its radical-capturing ability, a clear signature of the strong antioxidant profile of this compound. In addition, our simulations show that at low and intermediate concentrations of cystamine, its protective efficiency decreases with increasing LET, which is consistent with previous work. This finding stems from differences in the geometry of the track structures that change from low-LET isolated spherical “spurs” to high-LET dense continuous cylindrical tracks as LET increases. This study concludes that Monte Carlo simulations represent a powerful method for understanding, at the molecular level, indirect radiation damage to complex molecules such as cystamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Sepulveda
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sunuchakan Sanguanmith
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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11
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Adhikari ER, Samara V, Ptasinska S. Total yield of reactive species originating from an atmospheric pressure plasma jet in real time. Biol Chem 2018; 400:93-100. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
It is now well established that plasma-induced reactive species are key agents involved in many biochemical reactions. This work reports on the formation of plasma reactive species in an acidified ferrous sulfate (Fricke) solution interacting with an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). A yield of ferric (Fe3+) ions measured using in situ absorption spectroscopy was attributed to the formation of plasma reactive species provided and/or originated in the solution. The results indicated that the number of reactive species formed was proportional to plasma frequency and voltage. However, the Fe3+ yield per pulse decreased with increased frequency. To obtain a better understanding of the processes and species involved in the chemical reactions due to plasma exposure, Fe3+ yields were calculated and compared to the experimental data. At higher frequencies, there was insufficient time to complete all the reactions before the next pulse reached the solution; at lower frequencies, the Fe3+ yield was higher because of the relatively longer time available for reactions to occur. In addition, the comparison between DNA damage levels and Fe3+ yields was investigated under different experimental conditions in order to verify the usefulness of both the Fricke solution and the DNA molecule as a probe to characterize APPJs.
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12
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O'Leary M, Boscolo D, Breslin N, Brown JMC, Dolbnya IP, Emerson C, Figueira C, Fox OJL, Grimes DR, Ivosev V, Kleppe AK, McCulloch A, Pape I, Polin C, Wardlow N, Currell FJ. Observation of dose-rate dependence in a Fricke dosimeter irradiated at low dose rates with monoenergetic X-rays. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4735. [PMID: 29549265 PMCID: PMC5856745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Absolute measurements of the radiolytic yield of Fe3+ in a ferrous sulphate dosimeter formulation (6 mM Fe2+), with a 20 keV x-ray monoenergetic beam, are reported. Dose-rate suppression of the radiolytic yield was observed at dose rates lower than and different in nature to those previously reported with x-rays. We present evidence that this effect is most likely to be due to recombination of free radicals radiolytically produced from water. The method used to make these measurements is also new and it provides radiolytic yields which are directly traceable to the SI standards system. The data presented provides new and exacting tests of radiation chemistry codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mel O'Leary
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK. .,Centre for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Radiation Research (CAIRR), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Daria Boscolo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, 64291, Germany
| | - Nicole Breslin
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.,Centre for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Radiation Research (CAIRR), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jeremy M C Brown
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.,Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2629 JB, The Netherlands
| | - Igor P Dolbnya
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Chris Emerson
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.,Centre for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Radiation Research (CAIRR), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catarina Figueira
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.,Centre for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Radiation Research (CAIRR), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Oliver J L Fox
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - David Robert Grimes
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.,Centre for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Radiation Research (CAIRR), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK.,Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Gray Laboratory, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Off Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX37DQ, UK
| | - Vladimir Ivosev
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.,Institute of Molecular Sciences (ISMO), UMR 8625, University Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Annette K Kleppe
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Aaron McCulloch
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.,Centre for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Radiation Research (CAIRR), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Ian Pape
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Chris Polin
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Nathan Wardlow
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Fred J Currell
- School of Maths & Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK.,Centre for Advanced and Interdisciplinary Radiation Research (CAIRR), Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK
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13
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Yang H, Zhang G, Che X, Yu S. Slug inhibition increases radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line C666-1. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3477-3482. [PMID: 29545871 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Slug is associated with the radioresistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the main current approach of treatment for NPC is radiotherapy. Hence, the aim of the current study was to determine the effect of Slug silencing on the radiosensitivity of NPC cells. Lentiviral-mediated transfection of Slug RNA interference (RNAi) in NPC cell line C666-1 was performed in vitro. Following Slug inhibition, its expression was detected using western blotting. A clonogenic survival assay and flow cytometry were then performed to evaluate the clonogenic cell survival, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of C666-1 cells following irradiation. The results indicated that Slug RNAi decreased cell proliferation, and increased cell apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest. Thus, lentiviral-mediated transfection of Slug RNAi enhanced the radiosensitivity of the NPC cell line C666-1, and Slug may therefore be a potential target to improve radiotherapy in treatment of NPC and reduce the radioresistance of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Tai'an, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Che
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250011, P.R. China
| | - Shudong Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
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Sanguanmith S, Meesungnoen J, Stuart CR, Causey P, Jay-Gerin JP. Self-radiolysis of tritiated water. 4. The scavenging effect of azide ions (N3−) on the molecular hydrogen yield in the radiolysis of water by 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-particles at room temperature. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2449-2458. [PMID: 35541471 PMCID: PMC9077374 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the azide ion N3− on the yield of molecular hydrogen in water irradiated with 60Co γ-rays (∼1 MeV Compton electrons) and tritium β-electrons (mean electron energy of ∼7.8 keV) at 25 °C is investigated using Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations in conjunction with available experimental data. N3− is shown to interfere with the formation of H2 through its high reactivity towards hydrogen atoms and, but to a lesser extent, hydrated electrons, the two major radiolytic precursors of the H2 yield in the diffusing radiation tracks. Chemical changes are observed in the H2 scavengeability depending on the particular type of radiation considered. These changes can readily be explained on the basis of differences in the initial spatial distribution of primary radiolytic species (i.e., the structure of the electron tracks). In the “short-track” geometry of the higher “linear energy transfer” (LET) tritium β-electrons (mean LET ∼5.9 eV nm−1), radicals are formed locally in much higher initial concentration than in the isolated “spurs” of the energetic Compton electrons (LET ∼0.3 eV nm−1) generated by the cobalt-60 γ-rays. As a result, the short-track geometry favors radical–radical reactions involving hydrated electrons and hydrogen atoms, leading to a clear increase in the yield of H2 for tritium β-electrons compared to 60Co γ-rays. These changes in the scavengeability of H2 in passing from tritium β-radiolysis to γ-radiolysis are in good agreement with experimental data, lending strong support to the picture of tritium β-radiolysis mainly driven by the chemical action of short tracks of high local LET. At high N3− concentrations (>1 M), our H2 yield results for 60Co γ-radiolysis are also consistent with previous Monte Carlo simulations that suggested the necessity of including the capture of the precursors to the hydrated electrons (i.e., the short-lived “dry” electrons prior to hydration) by N3−. These processes tend to reduce significantly the yields of H2, as is observed experimentally. However, this dry electron scavenging at high azide concentrations is not seen in the higher-LET 3H β-radiolysis, leading us to conclude that the increased amount of intra-track chemistry intervening at early time under these conditions favors the recombination of these electrons with their parent water cations at the expense of their scavenging by N3−. The effect of the azide ion on the yield of molecular hydrogen in water irradiated with 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-electrons at 25 °C is investigated using Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunuchakan Sanguanmith
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Craig R. Stuart
- Reactor Chemistry and Corrosion Branch
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories
- Chalk River
- Canada
| | - Patrick Causey
- Radiological Protection Research and Instrumentation Branch
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories
- Chalk River
- Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de médecine nucléaire et de radiobiologie
- Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
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15
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Melt-compounded composites of ethylene vinyl acetate with magnesium sulfate as flexible EPR dosimeters: Mechanical properties, manufacturing process feasibility and dosimetric characteristics. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 121:82-86. [PMID: 28039756 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel polymeric composites for radiation dosimetry were developed. The composites were prepared by solvent-free melt compounding of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (40% vinyl) and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). Mechanical properties, melt flow characteristics and dosimetric properties were investigated. The composites with up to 50% (wt) of MgSO4 were flexible and capable of flow. The dose response of the EPR signal of the composites was studied in the dose range 3Gy-4kGy and found to be linear between 18Gy and 4kGy. The reproducibility of dose measurements was good. The signal fading rate and the energy dependence of the dose response were found to be acceptable.
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16
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Aljohani MS. Pilot-scale study of the radiation-induced silica removal from underground brackish water in Saudi Arabia. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2016-2655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Silica scaling deposition in industrial water systems is one of the biggest challenges facing the water treatment industry due the low solubility of the scalants in the feed waters. In this preliminary work, we investigated the effectiveness of the ionizing radiation induced removal of silica in water sample from the Salbukh, Saudi Arabia, water treatment plant by using metallic iron as the source of ferric hydroxide to co-precipitate the silica. The influence of several reaction parameters, i.e. iron powder dosage, radiation dose, initial pH and equilibrium pH effect were investigated. In the optimum conditions, up to 75% of silica was removed. This preliminary study showed that this environmentally friendly process is effective in silica removal from underground water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S. Aljohani
- Nuclear Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Po. Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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17
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Ikhlef S, Berrougui H, Kamtchueng Simo O, Khalil A. Paraoxonase 1-treated oxLDL promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages by stimulating the PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 pathway. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1614-29. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Souade Ikhlef
- Research Centre on Aging; CSSS-IUGS; Sherbrooke Canada
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Research Centre on Aging; CSSS-IUGS; Sherbrooke Canada
- Department of Biology; University Sultan My Slimane; Beni Mellal Morocco
| | | | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Research Centre on Aging; CSSS-IUGS; Sherbrooke Canada
- Department of Medicine; Geriatrics Service; Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences; University of Sherbrooke; Canada
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18
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Meesungnoen J, Sanguanmith S, Jay-Gerin JP. Yields of H2 and hydrated electrons in low-LET radiolysis of water determined by Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations using phenol/N2O aqueous solutions up to 350 °C. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15801j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of temperature on the yields of H2 and hydrated electrons in the low linear energy transfer radiolysis of water has been modeled by Monte Carlo track chemistry simulations using phenol/N2O aqueous solutions from 25 up to 350 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintana Meesungnoen
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Sunuchakan Sanguanmith
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Jay-Gerin
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie
- Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Sherbrooke
- Canada
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19
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Mustaree S, Meesungnoen J, Butarbutar SL, Causey P, Stuart CR, Jay-Gerin JP. Self-radiolysis of tritiated water. 3. The ˙OH scavenging effect of bromide ions on the yield of H2O2in the radiolysis of water by60Co γ-rays and tritium β-particles at room temperature. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06707j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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20
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Kohan LM, Sanguanmith S, Meesungnoen J, Causey P, Stuart CR, Jay-Gerin JP. Self-radiolysis of tritiated water. 1. A comparison of the effects of 60Co γ-rays and tritium β-particles on water and aqueous solutions at room temperature. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra42984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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