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Wallace J, Yahia-Cherif L, Gitton C, Hugueville L, Lemaréchal JD, Selmaoui B. Modulation of magnetoencephalography alpha band activity by radiofrequency electromagnetic field depicted in sensor and source space. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23403. [PMID: 34862418 PMCID: PMC8642443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02560-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies reported changes in spontaneous electroencephalogram alpha band activity related to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, but findings showed both an increase and a decrease of its spectral power or no effect. Here, we studied the alpha band modulation after 900 MHz mobile phone radiofrequency exposure and localized cortical regions involved in these changes, via a magnetoencephalography (MEG) protocol with healthy volunteers in a double-blind, randomized, counterbalanced crossover design. MEG was recorded during eyes open and eyes closed resting-state before and after radiofrequency exposure. Potential confounding factors, known to affect alpha band activity, were assessed as control parameters to limit bias. Entire alpha band, lower and upper alpha sub-bands MEG power spectral densities were estimated in sensor and source space. Biochemistry assays for salivary biomarkers of stress (cortisol, chromogranin-A, alpha amylase), heart rate variability analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography for salivary caffeine concentration were realized. Results in sensor and source space showed a significant modulation of MEG alpha band activity after the radiofrequency exposure, with different involved cortical regions in relation to the eyes condition, probably because of different attention level with open or closed eyes. None of the control parameters reported a statistically significant difference between experimental sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Wallace
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
- PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Lydia Yahia-Cherif
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Gitton
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Hugueville
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Didier Lemaréchal
- Centre De NeuroImagerie De Recherche (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), 75013, Paris, France
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and Modeling (TEAM), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Parc Technologique Alata, BP 2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
- PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France.
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Wallace J, Andrianome S, Ghosn R, Blanchard ES, Telliez F, Selmaoui B. Heart rate variability in healthy young adults exposed to global system for mobile communication (GSM) 900-MHz radiofrequency signal from mobile phones. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110097. [PMID: 32846174 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Given the large number of mobile phone users and the increasing exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) worldwide, we aimed to study the effect of RF-EMF related to mobile phones on heart rate variability (HRV). Twenty-six healthy young adults participated in two experimental sessions with a double-blind, randomized and counter-balanced crossover design. During each session, participants were exposed for 26 min to a sham or real 900 MHz RF-EMF, generated by a commercial dual-band Global System for Mobile technology (GSM) mobile phone. We recorded an electrocardiogram at rest during the exposure. We evaluated HRV by time- and frequency-domain analysis. Evaluation of time-domain HRV parameters revealed a statistically significant increase of the standard deviation of interbeat intervals (SDNN) during the real exposure. Other time-domain parameters were not affected. Analysis in the frequency-domain demonstrated that total spectral power and low-frequency band (LF) absolute power were significantly increased during exposure (p = .046 and p = .043, respectively). However, other parameters were not affected. In conclusion, it seems that most HRV parameters were not affected by GSM signal exposure in our study. The weak effect observed on HRV frequency-domain is likely to represent a random occurrence rather than a real effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Wallace
- Department of Experimental Toxicology, Institut National de L'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Soafara Andrianome
- Department of Experimental Toxicology, Institut National de L'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Rania Ghosn
- Department of Experimental Toxicology, Institut National de L'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025, Amiens, France
| | | | - Frederic Telliez
- PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Department of Experimental Toxicology, Institut National de L'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025, Amiens, France.
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Selmaoui B, Touitou Y. Association Between Mobile Phone Radiation Exposure and the Secretion of Melatonin and Cortisol, Two Markers of the Circadian System: A Review. Bioelectromagnetics 2020; 42:5-17. [PMID: 33238059 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The extremely important use of mobile phones in the world, at all ages of life, including children and adolescents, leads to significant exposure of these populations to electromagnetic waves of radiofrequency. The question, therefore, arises as to whether exposure to these radiofrequencies (RFs) could lead to deleterious effects on the body's biological systems and health. In the current article, we review the effects, in laboratory animals and humans, of exposure to RF on two hormones considered as endocrine markers: melatonin, a neurohormone produced by the pineal gland and cortisol, a glucocorticosteroid synthesized by the adrenal glands. These two hormones are also considered as markers of the circadian system. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Medline, Web of Sciences (ISI Web of Knowledge), Google Scholar, and EMF Portal. From this review on RF effects on cortisol and melatonin, it appears that scientific papers in the literature are conflicting, showing effects, no effects, or inconclusive data. This implies the need for additional research on higher numbers of subjects and with protocols perfectly controlled with follow-up studies to better determine whether the chronic effect of RF on the biological functioning and health of users exists (or not). Bioelectromagnetics. 2021;42:5-17. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Selmaoui
- Department of Experimental Toxicology, Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.,PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, Amiens, France
| | - Yvan Touitou
- Fondation Ophtalmologique A. de Rothschild, Unité de Chronobiologie, Paris, France
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Szilágyi Z, Németh Z, Bakos J, Necz PP, Sáfár A, Kubinyi G, Selmaoui B, Thuróczy G. Evaluation of Inflammation by Cytokine Production Following Combined Exposure to Ultraviolet and Radiofrequency Radiation of Mobile Phones on 3D Reconstructed Human Skin In Vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124401. [PMID: 32575398 PMCID: PMC7344923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of exposure to radiofrequency (RF) emitted by wireless devices leads to a high specific absorption rate in the skin. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can induce several damages to the skin. The aim of this study was to examine whether combined, consecutive exposure to solar UV radiation and 1950 MHz RF exposure of third generation (3G) mobile system have any effect on inflammation processes in the skin. Under in vitro experiments, the inflammation process was examined by cytokines (IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-8) and MMP-1 enzyme secretion on 3D full thickness human skin model. The RF exposure was applied before or after UV irradiation, in order to study either the possible cooperative or protective effects of exposure to RF and UV. We did not find changes in cytokines due to exposure to RF alone. The RF exposure did not enhance the effects of UV radiation. There was a statistically not-significant decrease in cytokines when the skin tissues were pre-exposed to RF before being exposed to 4 standard erythemal dose (SED) UV compared to UV exposure alone. We found that RF exposure reduced the previously UV-treated MMP-1 enzyme concentration. This study might support the evaluation of the effects on the skin exposed to microwave radiation of 5G mobile technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Szilágyi
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
| | - József Bakos
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1-482-2019
| | - Péter Pál Necz
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Anna Sáfár
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Györgyi Kubinyi
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Department of Experimental Toxicology, National Institute of Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), 60550 Verneuilen Halate, France;
- PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Picardie Jules Verne University, 80025 Amiens, France
| | - György Thuróczy
- Department of Non-ionizing radiation, National Public Health Center, H-1221 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.S.); (Z.N.); (P.P.N.); (A.S.); (G.K.); (G.T.)
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Wallace J, Selmaoui B. Effect of mobile phone radiofrequency signal on the alpha rhythm of human waking EEG: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 175:274-286. [PMID: 31146099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to the exponential increase in mobile phone use and the resulting increase in exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF), there have been several studies to investigate via electroencephalography (EEG) whether RF-EMF exposure affects brain activity. Data in the literature have shown that exposure to radiofrequency signals modifies the waking EEG with the main effect on the alpha band frequency (8-13 Hz). However, some studies have reported an increase in alpha band power, while others have shown a decrease, and other studies showed no effect on EEG power. Given that changes in the alpha amplitude are associated with attention and some cognitive aspects of human behavior, researchers deemed necessary to look whether alpha rhythm was modulated under RF-EMF exposure. The present review aims at comparing and discussing the main findings obtained so far regarding RF-EMF effects on alpha rhythm of human waking spontaneous EEG, focusing on differences in protocols between studies, which might explain the observed discrepancies and inconclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Wallace
- Experimental Toxicology Unit, National Institute of Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I-01, Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Experimental Toxicology Unit, National Institute of Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; PériTox Laboratory, UMR-I-01, Faculty of Medicine, University of Picardy Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
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Clement P, Mutsaerts HJ, Václavů L, Ghariq E, Pizzini FB, Smits M, Acou M, Jovicich J, Vanninen R, Kononen M, Wiest R, Rostrup E, Bastos-Leite AJ, Larsson EM, Achten E. Variability of physiological brain perfusion in healthy subjects - A systematic review of modifiers. Considerations for multi-center ASL studies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1418-1437. [PMID: 28393659 PMCID: PMC6120130 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17702156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative measurements of brain perfusion are influenced by perfusion-modifiers. Standardization of measurement conditions and correction for important modifiers is essential to improve accuracy and to facilitate the interpretation of perfusion-derived parameters. An extensive literature search was carried out for factors influencing quantitative measurements of perfusion in the human brain unrelated to medication use. A total of 58 perfusion modifiers were categorized into four groups. Several factors (e.g., caffeine, aging, and blood gases) were found to induce a considerable effect on brain perfusion that was consistent across different studies; for other factors, the modifying effect was found to be debatable, due to contradictory results or lack of evidence. Using the results of this review, we propose a standard operating procedure, based on practices already implemented in several research centers. Also, a theory of 'deep MRI physiotyping' is inferred from the combined knowledge of factors influencing brain perfusion as a strategy to reduce variance by taking both personal information and the presence or absence of perfusion modifiers into account. We hypothesize that this will allow to personalize the concept of normality, as well as to reach more rigorous and earlier diagnoses of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Clement
- 1 Department of Radiology and nuclear medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henk-Jan Mutsaerts
- 2 Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Healthy Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.,3 Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lena Václavů
- 3 Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eidrees Ghariq
- 4 Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Marjan Acou
- 1 Department of Radiology and nuclear medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorge Jovicich
- 7 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Mattarello, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Egill Rostrup
- 10 Department of Diagnostics, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Eric Achten
- 1 Department of Radiology and nuclear medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Selmaoui B, Andrianome S, Ghosn R, de Seze R. Effect of acute exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields emitted by a mobile phone (GSM 900 MHz) on electrodermal responsiveness in healthy human. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:890-895. [PMID: 30028653 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1503431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to determine the effect of acute exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) emitted by a mobile phone on electrodermal activity (EDA) in response to an auditory stimulus. MATERIALS AND METHODS The EDA of 28 young volunteers was recorded following 26 min of exposure to a GSM mobile phone (900 MHz). Palmar sensors enabled repeat recording of 2 min 45 s in the pre-exposure, exposure and post-exposure phases in response to sound stimuli. RESULTS The latency, amplitude of skin conductance responses (SCRs), integral of skin conductance response and number of SCRs in response to the auditory stimuli were not modified by exposure. Skin conductance and tonic activity decomposition of the recorded signal were significantly different between the two sessions (p < .0001), but the changes could not be attributed to EMF exposure. There was also a tendency toward a fast reduction in the amplitude and number of electrodermal responses after placement of the mobile phone. In response to successive stimuli, there was a significant difference between the first response and subsequent responses for all variables except latency. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a decrease in the number of responses and their amplitude as a result of placement of the mobile device and whether it was turned 'on' or 'off', but there were no changes associated with exposure to GSM radiofrequency waves in this group of volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Selmaoui
- a Department of Experimental Toxicology , Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) , Verneuil-en-Halatte , France.,b Université de Picardie Jules Verne Peritox-Laboratoire de Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques UMR-I-01 Unité mixte INERIS , Amiens , France
| | - Soafara Andrianome
- a Department of Experimental Toxicology , Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) , Verneuil-en-Halatte , France.,b Université de Picardie Jules Verne Peritox-Laboratoire de Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques UMR-I-01 Unité mixte INERIS , Amiens , France
| | - Rania Ghosn
- a Department of Experimental Toxicology , Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) , Verneuil-en-Halatte , France.,b Université de Picardie Jules Verne Peritox-Laboratoire de Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques UMR-I-01 Unité mixte INERIS , Amiens , France
| | - René de Seze
- a Department of Experimental Toxicology , Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) , Verneuil-en-Halatte , France.,b Université de Picardie Jules Verne Peritox-Laboratoire de Périnatalité et Risques Toxiques UMR-I-01 Unité mixte INERIS , Amiens , France
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Kumar G, McIntosh RL, Anderson V, McKenzie RJ, Wood AW. A genotoxic analysis of the hematopoietic system after mobile phone type radiation exposure in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:664-72. [PMID: 25955504 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1047988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In our earlier study we reported that 900 MHz continuous wave (CW) radiofrequency radiation (RFR) exposure (2 W/kg specific absorption rate [SAR]) had no significant effect on the hematopoietic system of rats. In this paper we extend the scope of the previous study by testing for possible effects at: (i) different SAR levels; (ii) both 900 and 1800 MHz, and; (iii) both CW and pulse modulated (PM) RFR. MATERIALS AND METHODS Excised long bones from rats were placed in medium and RFR exposed in (i) a Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) cell or (ii) a waveguide. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical analyses were used to estimate forward power needed to produce nominal SAR levels of 2/10 and 2.5/12.4 W/kg in the bone marrow. After exposure, the lymphoblasts were extracted and assayed for proliferation rate, and genotoxicity. RESULTS Our data did not indicate any significant change in these end points for any combination of CW/PM exposure at 900/1800 MHz at SAR levels of nominally 2/10 W/kg or 2.5/12.4 W/kg. CONCLUSIONS No significant changes were observed in the hematopoietic system of rats after the exposure of CW/PM wave 900 MHz/1800 MHz RF radiations at different SAR values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria , Australia
| | - Robert L McIntosh
- a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria , Australia
| | - Vitas Anderson
- a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria , Australia
| | - Ray J McKenzie
- a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria , Australia
| | - Andrew W Wood
- a Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Victoria , Australia
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Ghosn R, Yahia-Cherif L, Hugueville L, Ducorps A, Lemaréchal JD, Thuróczy G, de Seze R, Selmaoui B. Radiofrequency signal affects alpha band in resting electroencephalogram. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2753-9. [PMID: 25695646 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00765.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of the radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on human resting EEG with a control of some parameters that are known to affect alpha band, such as electrode impedance, salivary cortisol, and caffeine. Eyes-open and eyes-closed resting EEG data were recorded in 26 healthy young subjects under two conditions: sham exposure and real exposure in double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. Spectral power of EEG rhythms was calculated for the alpha band (8-12 Hz). Saliva samples were collected before and after the study. Salivary cortisol and caffeine were assessed by ELISA and HPLC, respectively. The electrode impedance was recorded at the beginning of each run. Compared with the sham session, the exposure session showed a statistically significant (P < 0.0001) decrease of the alpha band spectral power during closed-eyes condition. This effect persisted in the postexposure session (P < 0.0001). No significant changes were detected in electrode impedance, salivary cortisol, and caffeine in the sham session compared with the exposure one. These results suggest that GSM-EMFs of a mobile phone affect the alpha band within spectral power of resting human EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ghosn
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Department of Experimental Toxicology, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Peritox Laboratoire de Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques UMR-I-01 Unité mixte INERIS, Amiens France
| | - Lydia Yahia-Cherif
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, Centre MEG-EEG, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM) et Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), UMR S 975, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR 975, Paris, France; ENS, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR S 975, Paris, France; and
| | - Laurent Hugueville
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, Centre MEG-EEG, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM) et Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), UMR S 975, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR 975, Paris, France; ENS, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR S 975, Paris, France; and
| | - Antoine Ducorps
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, Centre MEG-EEG, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM) et Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), UMR S 975, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR 975, Paris, France; ENS, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR S 975, Paris, France; and
| | - Jean-Didier Lemaréchal
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, Centre MEG-EEG, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (CRICM) et Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche (CENIR), UMR S 975, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR 7225, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR 975, Paris, France; ENS, Centre MEG-EEG, CRICM et CENIR, UMR S 975, Paris, France; and
| | - György Thuróczy
- National Research Institute for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - René de Seze
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Department of Experimental Toxicology, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Peritox Laboratoire de Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques UMR-I-01 Unité mixte INERIS, Amiens France
| | - Brahim Selmaoui
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Department of Experimental Toxicology, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Peritox Laboratoire de Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques UMR-I-01 Unité mixte INERIS, Amiens France;
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Loos N, Thuróczy G, Ghosn R, Brenet-Dufour V, Liabeuf S, Selmaoui B, Libert JP, Bach V, Diouf M, de Seze R. Is the effect of mobile phone radiofrequency waves on human skin perfusion non-thermal? Microcirculation 2014; 20:629-36. [PMID: 23590124 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish whether SkBF can be modified by exposure to the radiofrequency waves emitted by a mobile phone when the latter is held against the jaw and ear. METHODS Variations in SkBF and Tsk in adult volunteers were simultaneously recorded with a thermostatic laser Doppler system during a 20-minute "radiofrequency" exposure session and a 20-minute "sham" session. The skin microvessels' vasodilatory reserve was assessed with a heat challenge at the end of the protocol. RESULTS During the radiofrequency exposure session, SkBF increased (vs. baseline) more than during the sham exposure session. The sessions did not differ significant in terms of the Tsk time-course response. The skin microvessels' vasodilatory ability was found to be greater during radiofrequency exposure than during sham exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal the existence of a specific vasodilatory effect of mobile phone radiofrequency emission on skin perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Loos
- PériTox Laboratory (EA 4285-UMI01), Faculty of Medicine, Jules Verne University of Picardy, Amiens, France
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Luo Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Xu S, Ding G, Shi C. Effects of electromagnetic radiation on morphology and TGF-β3 expression in mouse testicular tissue. Toxicology 2013; 310:8-14. [PMID: 23707491 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to electromagnetic pulses in certain doses may lead to increase in the permeability of the blood testes barrier (BTB) in mice, which in turn affects spermatogenesis, penetration and spermiation. TGF-β3 is a key molecule involved in BTB permeability via regulation of tight junction proteins, and it participates in regulating spermatogenesis, synthesis of steroids and production of the extracellular matrix in testicular tissue. Therefore, it is hypothesized that TGF-β3 plays important roles in electromagnetic pulse (EMP)-induced changes in BTB permeability. In the present study, we carried out whole-body irradiation on mice using EMP of different intensities. No obvious pathological changes or significant increase in apoptosis was detected in testicular tissues after exposure to 100 and 200 pulses of intensity 200kV/m; however, with 400 pulses we observed the degeneration and shrinkage of testicular tissues along with a significant increase in apoptotic rate. Moreover, in the 100- and 200-EMP groups, a non-significant increase in TGF-β3 mRNA and protein expression was observed, whereas in the 400-EMP group a significant increase was observed (P<0.05). These results indicate that increase in the apoptotic rate of testicular tissues and increase in TGF-β3 expression may be one of the mechanisms for EMP-induced increase in BTB permeability in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Luo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710038, China
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