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Pihl C, Togsverd-Bo K, Andersen F, Haedersdal M, Bjerring P, Lerche CM. Keratinocyte Carcinoma and Photoprevention: The Protective Actions of Repurposed Pharmaceuticals, Phytochemicals and Vitamins. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153684. [PMID: 34359586 PMCID: PMC8345172 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Keratinocyte carcinoma is the most common type of cancer. Sun exposure and ultraviolet radiation are significant contributors to the development of carcinogenesis, mediated by DNA damage, increased oxidative stress, inflammation, immunosuppression and dysregulated signal transduction. Photoprevention involves using different compounds to delay or prevent ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancer. In this review, we look at new avenues for systemic photoprevention that are based on pharmaceuticals, plant-derived phytochemicals and vitamins. We also investigate the mechanisms underlying these strategies for preventing the onset of carcinogenesis. Abstract Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) arising from sun exposure represents a major risk factor in the development of keratinocyte carcinomas (KCs). UVR exposure induces dysregulated signal transduction, oxidative stress, inflammation, immunosuppression and DNA damage, all of which promote the induction and development of photocarcinogenesis. Because the incidence of KCs is increasing, better prevention strategies are necessary. In the concept of photoprevention, protective compounds are administered either topically or systemically to prevent the effects of UVR and the development of skin cancer. In this review, we provide descriptions of the pathways underlying photocarcinogenesis and an overview of selected photoprotective compounds, such as repurposed pharmaceuticals, plant-derived phytochemicals and vitamins. We discuss the protective potential of these compounds and their effects in pre-clinical and human trials, summarising the mechanisms of action involved in preventing photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Pihl
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.T.-B.); (M.H.); (C.M.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Katrine Togsverd-Bo
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.T.-B.); (M.H.); (C.M.L.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Andersen
- Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark; (F.A.); (P.B.)
- Private Hospital Molholm, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.T.-B.); (M.H.); (C.M.L.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Bjerring
- Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, 9100 Aalborg, Denmark; (F.A.); (P.B.)
| | - Catharina Margrethe Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.T.-B.); (M.H.); (C.M.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Choi E, Yi YS, Lee J, Park SH, Kim S, Hossain MA, Jang S, Choi YI, Park KJ, Kim DS, Kim JH, Cho JY. Anti-Apoptotic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Edible Fresh Water Algae Prasiola japonica in UVB-Irradiated Skin Keratinocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1853-1868. [PMID: 31786945 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the outer tissue layer and is a barrier protecting the body from various external stresses. The fresh water green edible algae Prasiola japonica has antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties; however, few studies of its effects on skin-protection have been reported. In this study, Prasiola japonica ethanol extract (Pj-EE) was prepared, and its skin-protective properties were investigated in skin keratinocytes. Pj-EE inhibited ROS production in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells without cytotoxicity. Pj-EE also suppressed the apoptotic death of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells by decreasing the generation of apoptotic bodies and the proteolytic activation of apoptosis caspase-3, -8, and -9. Moreover, Pj-EE downregulated the mRNA expression of the inflammatory gene cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ, and the tissue remodeling genes matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -3, and -9. The Pj-EE-induced anti-inflammatory effect was mediated by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Pj-EE exerts skin-protective effects through anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities in skin keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Choi
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Park
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - SeokGu Jang
- Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Im Choi
- Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ja Park
- Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Sam Kim
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Samcheok Prasiola Japonica Research Center, Samcheok City Hall, Samcheok 25914, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Kwon TR, Hong SW, Seok J, Kim JM, Hong JY, Lee SE, Han SW, Kim BJ. Comparative Evaluation of the Biodegradability and Wrinkle Reduction Efficacy of Human-Derived Collagen Filler and Hyaluronic Acid Filler. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:1095-1101. [PMID: 30989276 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-019-01373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of fillers for wrinkle prevention is growing to meet rising demands to reduce the aging of skin. OBJECTIVE In this experiment, we confirmed the effects of human collagen and hyaluronic acid filler biodegradation for wrinkle reduction using a photo-aging mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 10 hairless mice (SKH1-Hrhr) were randomly divided into two groups and injected with hyaluronic acid and human-derived collagen filler. At 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, PRIMOSlite®, folliscope, and MRI were used to evaluate the biodegradability of the fillers after the injections. We also studied the photo-aging mouse model for skin roughness and histological evaluation and confirmed that the filler injection had excellent anti-wrinkle effects. RESULTS Human-derived collagen fillers had excellent biodegradability compared to that of hyaluronic acid fillers. The skin surface roughness in the photo-aging mouse models was significantly reduced after injections of human-derived collagen filler. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the human-derived collagen filler had excellent biodegradability and effectively reduced wrinkle formation in a photo-aging mouse model. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Jeong D, Lee J, Jeong SG, Hong YH, Yoo S, Han SY, Kim JH, Kim S, Kim JS, Chung YS, Kim JH, Yi YS, Cho JY. Artemisia asiatica ethanol extract exhibits anti-photoaging activity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:57-66. [PMID: 29609010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia asiatica Nakai is a traditional herbal plant that has long been used in anti-inflammatory, anti-infective and skin protective remedies. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, traditionally known skin-protective activity of Artemisia asiatica Nakai was examined with its ethanol extract (Aa-EE) under various photoaging conditions using skin-originated cells, and the underlying mechanism was also examined using various types of cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Effects of Aa-EE on cell viability, photocytotoxicity, and expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and moisturizing factors were measured in B16F10, HEK293, NIH3T3, and HaCaT cells under untreated and ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiation conditions. Anti-melanogenic effect of Aa-EE was also examined by measuring both melanin content in B16F10 cells and tyrosinase activity. Anti-photoaging mechanism of Aa-EE was explored by determining the activation levels of signaling molecules by immunoblotting analysis. RESULTS Aa-EE protected HaCaT cells from UVB irradiation-induced death. Aa-EE increased the expression of a type 1 pro-collagen gene and decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, and COX-2 in NIH3T3 cells induced by UVB. Aa-EE increased the expression of transglutamase-1, hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS)-2, and HAS-3 in HaCaT cells and decreased the production of melanin in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16F10 cells by suppressing tyrosinase activity and the expression of tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Aa-EE could be skin-protective remedy with anti-photoaging, anti-apoptotic, skin remodeling, moisturizing, and anti-melanogenesis properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biomedical Institute for convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biomedical Institute for convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gu Jeong
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biomedical Institute for convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biomedical Institute for convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sulgi Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biomedical Institute for convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yun Han
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biomedical Institute for convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biomedical Institute for convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunggyu Kim
- Research and Business Foundation, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sic Kim
- Central Institue, BeautyCosmetic Co., Ltd., Eumseong 27414, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Chung
- Central Institue, BeautyCosmetic Co., Ltd., Eumseong 27414, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biomedical Institute for convergence (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Bora NS, Mazumder B, Chattopadhyay P. Prospects of topical protection from ultraviolet radiation exposure: a critical review on the juxtaposition of the benefits and risks involved with the use of chemoprotective agents. J DERMATOL TREAT 2017; 29:256-268. [DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2017.1364691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilutpal Sharma Bora
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, Assam, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Schick S, Fournier D, Thakurela S, Sahu SK, Garding A, Tiwari VK. Dynamics of chromatin accessibility and epigenetic state in response to UV damage. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4380-94. [PMID: 26446258 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.173633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms determine the access of regulatory factors to DNA during events such as transcription and the DNA damage response. However, the global response of histone modifications and chromatin accessibility to UV exposure remains poorly understood. Here, we report that UV exposure results in a genome-wide reduction in chromatin accessibility, while the distribution of the active regulatory mark H3K27ac undergoes massive reorganization. Genomic loci subjected to epigenetic reprogramming upon UV exposure represent target sites for sequence-specific transcription factors. Most of these are distal regulatory regions, highlighting their importance in the cellular response to UV exposure. Furthermore, UV exposure results in an extensive reorganization of super-enhancers, accompanied by expression changes of associated genes, which may in part contribute to the stress response. Taken together, our study provides the first comprehensive resource for genome-wide chromatin changes upon UV irradiation in relation to gene expression and elucidates new aspects of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schick
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
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Sorg O, Saurat JH. Topical retinoids in skin ageing: a focused update with reference to sun-induced epidermal vitamin A deficiency. Dermatology 2014; 228:314-25. [PMID: 24821234 DOI: 10.1159/000360527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an important constituent of the epidermis, where it plays a crucial role in epidermal turnover. A deficiency of epidermal vitamin A may be the consequence of nutritional vitamin A deficiency, exposure to sunlight or any UV source, oxidative stress or chronological ageing. As a consequence, any treatment aiming at increasing epidermal vitamin A would exert a protective effect against these deleterious conditions. Retinoids may counteract some deleterious actions of UV radiation by physical and biological mechanisms. Topical natural retinoic acid precursors such as retinaldehyde or retinol are less irritant than acidic retinoids and may prevent epidermal vitamin A deficiency due to nutritional deficiency, exposure to sunlight or any condition leading to free radical production. Retinoids may be combined with other compounds with complementary actions against ageing, nutritional deficiency and cancer, such as antioxidants, to potentiate their beneficial effects in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sorg
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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8
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An essential set of basic DNA response elements is required for receptor-dependent transcription of the lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (Lrat) gene. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 489:1-9. [PMID: 19665987 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 08/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is essential for vitamin A storage. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated transcriptional regulation of the Lrat gene in vivo by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and other retinoids. Analysis of a 2.5 kb segment of rat genomic DNA revealed that the region approximately 300 bp upstream from the transcription start site (TSS) is necessary for high luciferase (Luc) reporter activity in HEK293T and HepG2 cells. Although this region lacks retinoid receptor binding elements, it responded to the nuclear receptors RARalpha, RARbeta or RARgamma, with RXRalpha, with and without ligand. Removal of -111 bp from the TSS, which is well conserved in human, rat and mouse genomes, completely eliminated activity. This region contains several basic elements (TATA box, SP3 site, AP-1 site, CAAT box), all of which were essential. Nuclear extracts from RA-treated cells exhibited enhanced binding. Therefore, this proximal region together with basal transcription factors may be sufficient to drive Lrat expression.
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Croteau MC, Davidson MA, Lean DRS, Trudeau VL. Global Increases in Ultraviolet B Radiation: Potential Impacts on Amphibian Development and Metamorphosis. Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:743-61. [PMID: 18954263 DOI: 10.1086/591949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M C Croteau
- Center for Advanced Research in Environmental Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 20 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Cooper SJ, Bowden GT. Ultraviolet B regulation of transcription factor families: roles of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) in UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2008; 7:325-34. [PMID: 17979627 DOI: 10.2174/156800907780809714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged and repeated exposure of the skin to ultraviolet light (UV) leads not only to aging of the skin but also increases the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Damage of cells induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) light both at the DNA level and molecular level initiates the activation of transcription factor pathways, which in turn regulate the expression of a number of genes termed the "UV response genes". Two such transcription factor families that are activated in this way are those of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) families. These two transcription factor families have been identified to be involved in the processes of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell survival and therefore play important roles in tumorigenesis. The study of these two transcription factor pathways and the cross-talk between them in response to UVB exposure may help with the development of new chemopreventive strategies for the prevention of UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Cooper
- Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, Arizona 85724, USA
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Moon KY. The chemopreventive effect of retinoids on cellular NF-kappaB activity induced by NMU and NEU in human malignant keratinocytes. Cancer Res Treat 2007; 39:82-7. [PMID: 19746216 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2007.39.2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinoids have been shown to be effective in suppressing tumor development when chemical carcinogens such as N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU) and N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (NEU) were used to induce mammary tumors in a variety of animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with the retinoid-mediated chemopreventive process, as linked to transcription factor NF-kappaB activation, for chemoprevention have not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine the implications of NF-kappaB activation on the chemopreventive role of retinoids and their effect on cellular NF-kappaB activity that's induced by known alkylating chemical carcinogens such as NMU and NEU in human transfectant squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-13) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The activity of NF-kappaB, as regulated by chemical carcinogens and retinoids, was determined in cultured human SCC-13 keratinocytes that were transfected with the pNF-kappaB-SEAP-NPT plasmid; this permitted the expression of the secretory alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene in response to the NF-kappaB activity, and the plasmid contained the neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT) gene, which confers resistance to geneticin. The reporter enzyme activity was measured using a fluorescence detection assay method. RESULTS All-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acid induced a reduction of NF-kappaB activity up to 64% and 65%, respectively, compared to the control. For the treatment of the human transfectant cells with chemical carcinogens, all-trans retinoic acid (5 mM) and 13-cis retinoic acid (5 mM) downregulated the cellular NF-kappaB activation up to 83% and 85% compared to the NF-kappaB activity that was upregulated by NMU (5microM) and NEU (5microM), respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the chemopreventive effect of retinoids may be mediated by the downregulated activation of NF-kappaB and that retinoids are implicated in the activation of NF-kappaB in human skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Young Moon
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Bioindustry and Technology Research Institute, Gwangju Health College, Gwangju, Korea.
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Sorg O, Kuenzli S, Saurat JH. Side Effects and Pitfalls in Retinoid Therapy. BASIC AND CLINICAL DERMATOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.3109/9781420021189.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Oh JH, Kim A, Park JM, Kim SH, Chung AS. Ultraviolet B-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -3 secretions are mediated via PTEN/Akt pathway in human dermal fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2007; 209:775-85. [PMID: 16972255 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial enzymes for ultraviolet irradiation-induced photoaging in human skin. Ultraviolet B (UVB) stimulates dermal fibroblasts to increase MMP-1 and -3 expression and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in photoaging. We investigated whether phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/Akt pathway is involved in secretions of MMP-1 and -3 in human dermal fibroblasts. The increase in MMP-1 and -3 expression and secretion occurred along with the increase in PTEN and Akt phosphorylation by UVB irradiation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, treatment with a casein kinase 2 inhibitor, 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-benzimidazole, inhibited their phosphorylations and MMP-1 and -3 secretions. Transfection of wild-type PTEN (Wt-PTEN) decreased basal and UVB-induced MMP-1 and -3 secretions, as well as activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity, while transfection of small interference RNA of PTEN (siRNA-PTEN), phosphatase-inactive PTEN (C124S-PTEN), or lipid phosphatase-inactive PTEN (G129E-PTEN) increased basal or UVB-induced MMP-1 and -3 secretions and AP-1 activity. Transfection of constitutively active Akt (Myr-Akt) also increased basal or UVB-induced MMP-1 and -3 secretions, as well as AP-1 activity. However, transfection of kinase-inactive Akt (K179M-Akt) decreased their secretions, but showed no significant change of AP-1 activity without UVB irradiation, and a significant increase of AP-1 activity with UVB irradiation. Treatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors, LY294002 or wortmannin, downregulated basal and UVB-induced MMP-1 and -3 secretions. In conclusion, UVB irradiation increases PTEN and Akt phosphorylation in human dermal fibroblasts, and these inhibition of PTEN and activation of Akt by phosphorylation are involved in UVB-induced MMP-1 and -3 secretions partly through upregulation of AP-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Hee Oh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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Bazzi H, Getz A, Mahoney MG, Ishida-Yamamoto A, Langbein L, Wahl JK, Christiano AM. Desmoglein 4 is expressed in highly differentiated keratinocytes and trichocytes in human epidermis and hair follicle. Differentiation 2006; 74:129-40. [PMID: 16533311 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2006.00061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomes are critical for the tissue integrity of stratified epithelia and their appendages. Desmogleins (DSGs) and desmocollins (DSCs) are transmembrane desmosomal cadherins that interact extracellularly to link neighboring epithelial cells. We recently identified a new member of the DSG family, designated desmoglein 4, whose mutations cause hypotrichosis in human, mouse and rat. In this study, we analyzed in detail the expression domains of human desmoglein 4 protein (DSG4) in human skin relative to differentiation markers and other DSGs. Our results show that DSG4 protein is expressed in the more highly differentiated layers of the epidermis. This expression pattern in vivo is recapitulated in highly differentiated HaCaT human keratinocytes and normal human keratinocytes in vitro. In the human hair follicle, DSG4 is expressed specifically in the hair shaft cortex, the lower hair cuticle, and the upper inner root sheath (IRS) cuticle. Using a green fluorescent protein-tagged version of mouse or rat desmoglein 4 protein (Dsg4) and immuno-electron microscopy, we demonstrate that Dsg4 localizes to desmosomes both in vitro and in vivo. The highly specific expression pattern of DSG4 in the human hair follicle, combined with the phenotype of rodent models and human patients with desmoglein 4 mutations, underscores the importance of this adhesion molecule in the integrity of the hair shaft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Bazzi
- Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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