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Balachandra S, Amodeo AA. Bellymount-Pulsed Tracking: A Novel Approach for Real-Time In vivo Imaging of Drosophila Abdominal Tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.31.587498. [PMID: 38617254 PMCID: PMC11014545 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.31.587498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Quantitative live imaging is a valuable tool that offers insights into cellular dynamics. However, many fundamental biological processes are incompatible with current live imaging modalities. Drosophila oogenesis is a well-studied system that has provided molecular insights into a range of cellular and developmental processes. The length of the oogenesis coupled with the requirement for inputs from multiple tissues has made long-term culture challenging. Here, we have developed Bellymount-Pulsed Tracking (Bellymount-PT), which allows continuous, non-invasive live imaging of Drosophila oogenesis inside the female abdomen for up to 16 hours. Bellymount-PT improves upon the existing Bellymount technique by adding pulsed anesthesia with periods of feeding that support the long-term survival of flies during imaging. Using Bellymount-PT we measure key events of oogenesis including egg chamber growth, yolk uptake, and transfer of specific proteins to the oocyte during nurse cell dumping with high spatiotemporal precision within the abdomen of a live female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Balachandra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Amanda A Amodeo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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Miao Z, Xiong C, Cao X, Shan T, Jin Q, Jiang H. Genome-wide identification, classification, and expression profiling of serine esterases and other esterase-related proteins in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:338-350. [PMID: 36043911 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Serine esterases (SEs) are hydrolases that catalyze the conversion of carboxylic esters into acids and alcohols. Lipases and carboxylesterases constitute two major groups of SEs. Although over a hundred of insect genomes are known, systematic identification and classification of SEs are rarely performed, likely due to large size and complex composition of the gene family in each species. Considering their key roles in lipid metabolism and other physiological processes, we have categorized 144 M. sexta SEs and SE homologs (SEHs), 114 of which contain a motif of GXSXG. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis have revealed 39 neutral lipases (NLs), 3 neutral lipase homologs (NLHs), 11 acidic lipases (ALs), 3 acidic lipase homologs (ALHs), a lipase-3, a triglyceride lipase, a monoglyceride lipase, a hormone-sensitive lipase, and a GDSL lipase. Eighty-three carboxylesterase genes encode 29 α-esterases (AEs), 12 AEHs (e.g., SEH4-1-3), 20 feruloyl esterases (FEs), 2 FEHs, 2 β-esterases (BEs), 2 integument esterases (IEs), 1 IEH, 4 juvenile hormone esterases, 2 acetylcholinesterases, gliotactin, 6 neuroligins, neurotactin, and an uncharacteristic esterase homolog. In addition to these GXSXG proteins, we have identified 26 phospholipases and 13 thioesterases. Expression profiling of these genes in specific tissues and stages has provided insights into their functions including digestion, detoxification, hormone processing, neurotransmission, reproduction, and developmental regulation. In summary, we have established a framework of information on SEs and related proteins in M. sexta to stimulate their research in the model species and comparative investigations in agricultural pests or disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelong Miao
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| | - Chao Xiong
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| | - Xiaolong Cao
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| | - Tisheng Shan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| | - Qiao Jin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
| | - Haobo Jiang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma, Stillwater, USA
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Fallon AM. From Mosquito Ovaries to Ecdysone; from Ecdysone to Wolbachia: One Woman's Career in Insect Biology. INSECTS 2022; 13:756. [PMID: 36005381 PMCID: PMC9409236 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In anautogenous mosquitoes, synchronous development of terminal ovarian follicles after a blood meal provides an important model for studies on insect reproduction. Removal and implantation of ovaries, in vitro culture of dissected tissues and immunological assays for vitellogenin synthesis by the fat body showed that the Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera, Culicidae) mosquito ovary produces a factor essential for egg production. The discovery that the ovarian factor was the insect steroid hormone, ecdysone, provided a model for co-option of the larval hormones as reproductive hormones in adult insects. In later work on cultured mosquito cells, ecdysone was shown to arrest the cell cycle, resulting in an accumulation of diploid cells in G1, prior to initiation of DNA synthesis. Some mosquito species, such as Culex pipiens L. (Diptera, Culicidae), harbor the obligate intracellular bacterium, Wolbachia pipientis Hertig (Rickettsiales, Anaplasmataceae), in their reproductive tissues. When maintained in mosquito cell lines, Wolbachia abundance increases in ecdysone-arrested cells. This observation facilitated the recovery of high levels of Wolbachia from cultured cells for microinjection and genetic manipulation. In female Culex pipiens, it will be of interest to explore how hormonal cues that support initiation and progression of the vitellogenic cycle influence Wolbachia replication and transmission to subsequent generations via infected eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Fallon
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Fu J, Shi Y, Wang L, Tian T, Li J, Gong L, Zheng Z, Jing M, Fang J, Ji R. Planthopper-Secreted Salivary Calmodulin Acts as an Effector for Defense Responses in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:841378. [PMID: 35295635 PMCID: PMC8918949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens, BPH) and small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus, SBPH) are major pests of rice (Oryza sativa) in Asia. These piercing-sucking insects secrete saliva into the host during feeding. Nevertheless, it is largely unknown how planthoppers use salivary effectors to enable continuous feeding on rice. Here, we screened their salivary proteomes and selected eight salivary proteins conserved between SBPH and BPH as candidate effectors. Silencing calmodulin (CaM) impeded BPH and SBPH from penetrating the phloem. Hence, their food intake, survival, and fecundity on rice plants were reduced. By contrast, CaM silencing had a small effect on the survival rate of BPH and SBPH raised on artificial diet. The CaM amino acid sequences were the same for both BPH and SBPH. CaM was highly expressed in their salivary glands and secreted into the rice plants during feeding. Bacterially expressed recombinant CaM protein exhibited calcium-binding activity. In planta expression disclosed that CaM was localized to the plant cytoplasms and nuclei and suppressed plant defenses such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and callose deposition. CaM-silenced BPH and SBPH nymphs elicited relatively high levels of H2O2 and callose accumulation in rice plants. The foregoing results reveal that CaM is an effector as it enables the planthopper to reach the phloem by suppressing callose deposition and H2O2 accumulation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Gong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhouting Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jichao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an, China
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Yang Y, Ning C, Li Y, Wang Y, Hu J, Liu Y, Zhang M, Sun Y, Gu W, Zhang Y, Sun J, Xu S. Dynamic changes in mitochondrial DNA, morphology, and fission during oogenesis of a seasonal-breeding teleost, Pampus argenteus. Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101558. [PMID: 34044232 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play crucial roles during oocyte development. In this study, we have investigated mitochondrial morphology, mtDNA, Ca2+-ATP enzyme activity, and mitochondrial fission factor (mff) expression levels during oogenesis of the silver pomfret Pampus argenteus. The mtDNA increased with oocyte development, and mitochondrial morphology and distribution were stage-specific. In the perinucleolar oocytes, oval mitochondria were dispersed in the cytoplasm. In previtellogenic oocytes, mitochondria massively increased and aggregated, forming mitochondrial clouds. At the same time, two morphologically different types of mitochondria had been distinguished, one of which was elongated with well-developed cristae, and the other was round with distorted and fused cristae. During vitellogenesis, the increases in mitochondria with well-developed cristae and in Ca2+-ATPase enzymatic activity were accompanied by an accumulation of yolk substance, suggesting the possible participation of mitochondria in the formation of vitellogenesis. Furthermore, we examined the cDNA of mff its transcript levels in relation to oocyte development. The transcript levels of mff were high in the perinucleolar stage, increasing to the highest level at the previtellogenic stage. Immunocytochemistry showed that MFF was detected in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic and midvitellogenic oocytes. We speculated that the mff-mediated mitochondrial fission may play a crucial role in oocyte development, especially in vitellogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China.
| | - Chao Ning
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaya Li
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jiabao Hu
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Yibo Sun
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiwei Gu
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Youyi Zhang
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiachu Sun
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanliang Xu
- College of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ministry of Education, Ningbo, China
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Pascini TV, Ramalho-Ortigão M, Ribeiro JM, Jacobs-Lorena M, Martins GF. Transcriptional profiling and physiological roles of Aedes aegypti spermathecal-related genes. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:143. [PMID: 32041546 PMCID: PMC7011475 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful mating of female mosquitoes typically occurs once, with the male sperm being stored in the female spermatheca for every subsequent oviposition event. The female spermatheca is responsible for the maintenance, nourishment, and protection of the male sperm against damage during storage. Aedes aegypti is a major vector of arboviruses, including Yellow Fever, Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika. Vector control is difficult due to this mosquito high reproductive capacity. RESULTS Following comparative RNA-seq analyses of spermathecae obtained from virgin and inseminated females, eight transcripts were selected based on their putative roles in sperm maintenance and survival, including energy metabolism, chitin components, transcriptional regulation, hormonal signaling, enzymatic activity, antimicrobial activity, and ionic homeostasis. In situ RNA hybridization confirmed tissue-specific expression of the eight transcripts. Following RNA interference (RNAi), observed outcomes varied between targeted transcripts, affecting mosquito survival, egg morphology, fecundity, and sperm motility within the spermathecae. CONCLUSIONS This study identified spermatheca-specific transcripts associated with sperm storage in Ae. aegypti. Using RNAi we characterized the role of eight spermathecal transcripts on various aspects of female fecundity and offspring survival. RNAi-induced knockdown of transcript AeSigP-66,427, coding for a Na+/Ca2+ protein exchanger, specifically interfered with egg production and reduced sperm motility. Our results bring new insights into the molecular basis of sperm storage and identify potential targets for Ae. aegypti control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Vicari Pascini
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Ramalho-Ortigão
- Division of Tropical Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Rm A-3083, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA
| | - José Marcos Ribeiro
- Section of Vector Biology, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 12735 Twinbrook Parkway, Rm 2E32D, Rockville, MD 20852 USA
| | - Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Wu X, Du J, Song W, Cao M, Chen S, Xia R. Weak power frequency magnetic fields induce microtubule cytoskeleton reorganization depending on the epidermal growth factor receptor and the calcium related signaling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205569. [PMID: 30312357 PMCID: PMC6185734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that a weak 50 Hz magnetic field (MF) invoked the actin-cytoskeleton, and provoked cell migration at the cell level, probably through activating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) related motility pathways. However, whether the MF also affects the microtubule (MT)-cytoskeleton is still unknown. In this article, we continuously investigate the effects of 0.4 mT, 50 Hz MF on the MT, and try to understand if the MT effects are also associated with the EGFR pathway as the actin-cytoskeleton effects were. Our results strongly suggest that the MF effects are similar to that of EGF stimulation on the MT cytoskeleton, showing that 1) the MF suppressed MT in multiple cell types including PC12 and FL; 2) the MF promoted the clustering of the EGFR at the protein and the cell levels, in a similar way of that EGF did but with higher sensitivity to PD153035 inhibition, and triggered EGFR phosphorylation on sites of Y1173 and S1046/1047; 3) these effects were strongly depending on the Ca2+ signaling through the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) phosphorylation and elevation of the intracellular Ca2+ level. Strong associations were observed between EGFR and the Ca2+ signaling to regulate the MF-induced-reorganization of the cytoskeleton network, via phosphorylating the signaling proteins in the two pathways, including a significant MT protein, tau. These results strongly suggest that the MF activates the overall cytoskeleton in the absence of EGF, through a mechanism related to both the EGFR and the LTCC/Ca2+ signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Du
- Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weitao Song
- Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiping Cao
- Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shude Chen
- Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruohong Xia
- Physics Department, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang W, Wan P, Lai F, Zhu T, Fu Q. Double-stranded RNA targeting calmodulin reveals a potential target for pest management of Nilaparvata lugens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:1711-1719. [PMID: 29381254 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calmodulin (CaM) is an essential protein in cellular activity and plays important roles in many processes in insect development. RNA interference (RNAi) has been hypothesized to be a promising method for pest control. CaM is a good candidate for RNAi target. However, the sequence and function of CaM in Nilaparvata lugens are unknown. Furthermore, the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) target to CaM gene in pest control is still unavailable. RESULTS In the present study, two alternatively spliced variants of CaM transcripts, designated NlCaM1 and NlCaM2, were cloned from N. lugens. The two cDNA sequences exhibited 100% identity to each other in the open reading frame (ORF), and only differed in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). NlCaM including NlCaM1 and NlCaM2 mRNA was detectable in all developmental stages and tissues of N. lugens, with significantly increased expression in the salivary glands. Knockdown of NlCaM expression by RNAi with different dsRNAs led to an inability to molt properly, increased mortality, which ranged from 49.7 to 92.5%, impacted development of the ovaries and led to female infertility. There were no significant reductions in the transcript levels of vitellogenin and its receptor or in the total vitellogenin protein level relative to the control group. However, a significant reduction in vitellogenin protein was detected in ovaries injected with dsNlCaM. In addition, a specific dsRNA of NlCaM for control of N. lugens was designed and tested. CONCLUSION NlCaM plays important roles mainly in nymph development and uptake of vitellogenin by ovaries in vitellogenesis in N. lugens. dsRNA derived from the less conserved 3'-UTR of NlCaM shows great potential for RNAi-based N. lugens management. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Wang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pinjun Wan
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengxiang Lai
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingheng Zhu
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Gao S, Liu X, Liu J, Xiong W, Song X, Wu W, Wei L, Li B. Identification and evolution of latrophilin
receptor gene involved in Tribolium castaneum
devolopment and female fecundity. Genesis 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wenfeng Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaowen Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Wei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Luting Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
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Sinha DK, Chandran P, Timm AE, Aguirre-Rojas L, Smith CM. Virulent Diuraphis noxia Aphids Over-Express Calcium Signaling Proteins to Overcome Defenses of Aphid-Resistant Wheat Plants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146809. [PMID: 26815857 PMCID: PMC4729530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia, an invasive phytotoxic pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum, and barley, Hordeum vulgare, causes huge economic losses in Africa, South America, and North America. Most acceptable and ecologically beneficial aphid management strategies include selection and breeding of D. noxia-resistant varieties, and numerous D. noxia resistance genes have been identified in T. aestivum and H. vulgare. North American D. noxia biotype 1 is avirulent to T. aestivum varieties possessing Dn4 or Dn7 genes, while biotype 2 is virulent to Dn4 and avirulent to Dn7. The current investigation utilized next-generation RNAseq technology to reveal that biotype 2 over expresses proteins involved in calcium signaling, which activates phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism. Calcium signaling proteins comprised 36% of all transcripts identified in the two D. noxia biotypes. Depending on plant resistance gene-aphid biotype interaction, additional transcript groups included those involved in tissue growth; defense and stress response; zinc ion and related cofactor binding; and apoptosis. Activation of enzymes involved in PI metabolism by D. noxia biotype 2 aphids allows depletion of plant calcium that normally blocks aphid feeding sites in phloem sieve elements and enables successful, continuous feeding on plants resistant to avirulent biotype 1. Inhibition of the key enzyme phospholipase C significantly reduced biotype 2 salivation into phloem and phloem sap ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K. Sinha
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506–4004, United States of America
| | - Predeesh Chandran
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506–4004, United States of America
| | - Alicia E. Timm
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506–4004, United States of America
| | - Lina Aguirre-Rojas
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506–4004, United States of America
| | - C. Michael Smith
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506–4004, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Vyas M, Fisher TW, He R, Nelson W, Yin G, Cicero JM, Willer M, Kim R, Kramer R, May GA, Crow JA, Soderlund CA, Gang DR, Brown JK. Asian Citrus Psyllid Expression Profiles Suggest Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus-Mediated Alteration of Adult Nutrition and Metabolism, and of Nymphal Development and Immunity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130328. [PMID: 26091106 PMCID: PMC4474670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is the insect vector of the fastidious bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causal agent of citrus greening disease, or Huanglongbing (HLB). The widespread invasiveness of the psyllid vector and HLB in citrus trees worldwide has underscored the need for non-traditional approaches to manage the disease. One tenable solution is through the deployment of RNA interference technology to silence protein-protein interactions essential for ACP-mediated CLas invasion and transmission. To identify psyllid interactor-bacterial effector combinations associated with psyllid-CLas interactions, cDNA libraries were constructed from CLas-infected and CLas-free ACP adults and nymphs, and analyzed for differential expression. Library assemblies comprised 24,039,255 reads and yielded 45,976 consensus contigs. They were annotated (UniProt), classified using Gene Ontology, and subjected to in silico expression analyses using the Transcriptome Computational Workbench (TCW) (http://www.sohomoptera.org/ACPPoP/). Functional-biological pathway interpretations were carried out using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. Differentially expressed contigs in adults and/or nymphs represented genes and/or metabolic/pathogenesis pathways involved in adhesion, biofilm formation, development-related, immunity, nutrition, stress, and virulence. Notably, contigs involved in gene silencing and transposon-related responses were documented in a psyllid for the first time. This is the first comparative transcriptomic analysis of ACP adults and nymphs infected and uninfected with CLas. The results provide key initial insights into host-parasite interactions involving CLas effectors that contribute to invasion-virulence, and to host nutritional exploitation and immune-related responses that appear to be essential for successful ACP-mediated circulative, propagative CLas transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Vyas
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tonja W. Fisher
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ruifeng He
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - William Nelson
- BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Guohua Yin
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Cicero
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mark Willer
- BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ryan Kim
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Robin Kramer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Greg A. May
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - John A. Crow
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Soderlund
- BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - David R. Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Judith K. Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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