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Samanta A, Sarma MS, Srivastava A, Poddar U. Cholestatic Liver Disease in a Child with KIF12 Mutation. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:733-736. [PMID: 37919484 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Cholestatic liver diseases in children often have an underlying genetic defect. Genetic testing by next-generation sequencing has become a crucial part of the diagnostic armamentarium in such clinical scenarios. Here, authors report an infant with recurrent cholestasis, pruritus, elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, patent biliary tract and biliary changes on histology who was detected to have a novel KIF12 mutation, which is crucial for intracellular transport of microtubules and cellular polarity in hepatocytes. The child developed progressive liver dysfunction and decompensation in the form of ascites and coagulopathy over a span of eight years. This case highlights the role of next-generation sequencing in identifying novel mutations, which can help in both diagnosis and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Samanta
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Moinak Sen Sarma
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Anshu Srivastava
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ujjal Poddar
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Richards T, Wilson P, Goggolidou P. Next generation sequencing identifies WNT signalling as a significant pathway in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) manifestation and may be linked to disease severity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167309. [PMID: 38885798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) is a rare paediatric disease primarily caused by sequence variants in PKHD1. ARPKD presents with considerable clinical variability relating to the type of PKHD1 sequence variant, but not its position. Animal models of Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) suggest a complex genetic landscape, with genetic modifiers as a potential cause of disease variability. METHODS To investigate in an unbiased manner the molecular mechanisms of ARPKD and identify potential indicators of disease severity, Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) and RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) were employed on human ARPKD kidneys and age-matched healthy controls. RESULTS WES confirmed the clinical diagnosis of ARPKD in our patient cohort consisting of ten ARPKD kidneys. Sequence variant type, nor position of PKHD1 sequence variants, was linked to disease severity. Sequence variants in genes associated with other ciliopathies were detected in the ARPKD cohort, but only PKD1 could be linked to disease severity. Transcriptomic analysis on a subset of four ARPKD kidneys representing severe and moderate ARPKD, identified a significant number of genes relating to WNT signalling, cellular metabolism and development. Increased expression of WNT signalling-related genes was validated by RT-qPCR in severe and moderate ARPKD kidneys. Two individuals in our cohort with the same PKHD1 sequence variants but different rates of kidney disease progression, with displayed transcriptomic differences in the expression of WNT signalling genes. CONCLUSION ARPKD kidney transcriptomics highlights changes in WNT signalling as potentially significant in ARPKD manifestation and severity, providing indicators for slowing down the progression of ARPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Richards
- School of Biomedical Science and Physiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Patricia Wilson
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Paraskevi Goggolidou
- School of Biomedical Science and Physiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
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3
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Pinon M, Kamath BM. What's new in pediatric genetic cholestatic liver disease: advances in etiology, diagnostics and therapeutic approaches. Curr Opin Pediatr 2024:00008480-990000000-00198. [PMID: 38957097 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To highlight recent advances in pediatric cholestatic liver disease, including promising novel prognostic markers and new therapies. FINDINGS Identification of additional genetic variants associated with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) phenotype and new genetic cholangiopathies, with an emerging role of ciliopathy genes. Genotype severity predicts outcomes in bile salt export pump (BSEP) deficiency, and post-biliary diversion serum bile acid levels significantly affect native liver survival in BSEP and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1 (FIC1 deficiency) patients. Heterozygous variants in the MDR3 gene have been associated with various cholestatic liver disease phenotypes in adults. Ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitors, approved for pruritus in PFIC and Alagille Syndrome (ALGS), have been associated with improved long-term quality of life and event-free survival. SUMMARY Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized diagnostic approaches, while discovery of new intracellular signaling pathways show promise in identifying therapeutic targets and personalized strategies. Bile acids may play a significant role in hepatic damage progression, suggesting their monitoring could guide cholestatic liver disease management. IBAT inhibitors should be incorporated early into routine management algorithms for pruritus. Data are emerging as to whether IBAT inhibitors are impacting disease biology and modifying the natural history of the cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pinon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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4
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Doss MC, Mullen S, Roye R, Zhou J, Chumley P, Mrug E, Wallace DP, Qian F, Harris PC, Yoder BK, Kim H, Mrug M. Accuracy and processing time of kidney volume measurement methods in rodents polycystic kidney disease models: superiority of semiautomated kidney segmentation. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F423-F430. [PMID: 36794756 PMCID: PMC10069971 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00295.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of total kidney volume (TKV) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a valuable approach for monitoring disease progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and is becoming more common in preclinical studies using animal models. Manual contouring of kidney MRI areas [i.e., manual method (MM)] is a conventional, but time-consuming, way to determine TKV. We developed a template-based semiautomatic image segmentation method (SAM) and validated it in three commonly used PKD models: Cys1cpk/cpk mice, Pkd1RC/RC mice, and Pkhd1pck/pck rats (n = 10 per model). We compared SAM-based TKV with that obtained by clinical alternatives including the ellipsoid formula-based method (EM) using three kidney dimensions, the longest kidney length method (LM), and MM, which is considered the gold standard. Both SAM and EM presented high accuracy in TKV assessment in Cys1cpk/cpk mice [interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥ 0.94]. SAM was superior to EM and LM in Pkd1RC/RC mice (ICC = 0.87, 0.74, and <0.10 for SAM, EM, and LM, respectively) and Pkhd1pck/pck rats (ICC = 0.59, <0.10, and <0.10, respectively). Also, SAM outperformed EM in processing time in Cys1cpk/cpk mice (3.6 ± 0.6 vs. 4.4 ± 0.7 min/kidney) and Pkd1RC/RC mice (3.1 ± 0.4 vs. 7.1 ± 2.6 min/kidney, both P < 0.001) but not in Pkhd1PCK/PCK rats (3.7 ± 0.8 vs. 3.2 ± 0.5 min/kidney). LM was the fastest (∼1 min) but correlated most poorly with MM-based TKV in all studied models. Processing times by MM were longer for Cys1cpk/cpk mice, Pkd1RC/RC mice, and Pkhd1pck.pck rats (66.1 ± 7.3, 38.3 ± 7.5, and 29.2 ± 3.5 min). In summary, SAM is a fast and accurate method to determine TKV in mouse and rat PKD models.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Total kidney volume (TKV) is a valuable readout in preclinical studies for autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney diseases (ADPKD and ARPKD). Since conventional TKV assessment by manual contouring of kidney areas in all images is time-consuming, we developed a template-based semiautomatic image segmentation method (SAM) and validated it in three commonly used ADPKD and ARPKD models. SAM-based TKV measurements were fast, highly reproducible, and accurate across mouse and rat ARPKD and ADPKD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Claire Doss
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Sean Mullen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Ronald Roye
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Juling Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Phillip Chumley
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Elias Mrug
- Math-Science Department, Alabama School of Fine Arts, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Darren P Wallace
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Feng Qian
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Harrison Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Veljačić Visković D, Lozić M, Vukoja M, Šoljić V, Vukojević K, Glavina Durdov M, Filipović N, Lozić B. Spatio-Temporal Expression Pattern of CAKUT Candidate Genes DLG1 and KIF12 during Human Kidney Development. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020340. [PMID: 36830709 PMCID: PMC9953652 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate expression of the novel susceptibility genes for CAKUT, DLG1 and KIF12, proposed by a systematic in silico approach, in developing and postnatal healthy human kidneys to provide information about their spatiotemporal expression pattern. We analyzed expression of their protein products by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence and quantified relative mRNA levels by RT-qPCR. Statistically significant differences in expression patterns were observed between certain developmental stages. Strong expression of DLG1 was observed in the developing kidney, with a gradual decrease from the first phase of kidney development (Ph1) until the third phase (Ph3), when most nephrons are formed; at later stages, the highest expression was observed in the tubules. KIF12 was highly expressed in the developing structures, especially in Ph1, with a gradual decrease until the postnatal phase, which would indicate a significant role in nephrogenesis. Co-localization of DLG1 and KIF12 was pronounced in Ph1, especially on the apical side of the tubular epithelial cells. Thereafter, their expression gradually became weaker and was only visible as punctate staining in Ph4. The direct association of DLG1 with KIF12 as control genes of normal kidney development may reveal their new functional aspect in renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirela Lozić
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-557-800
| | - Martina Vukoja
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Violeta Šoljić
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- Laboratory of Morphology, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Faculty of Health Studies, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Anatomy, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Merica Glavina Durdov
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Split, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Natalija Filipović
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Mostar, 88 000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Bernarda Lozić
- Paediatric Diseases Department, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21 000 Split, Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Šoltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
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Gambella A, Kalantari S, Cadamuro M, Quaglia M, Delvecchio M, Fabris L, Pinon M. The Landscape of HNF1B Deficiency: A Syndrome Not Yet Fully Explored. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020307. [PMID: 36672242 PMCID: PMC9856658 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β (HNF1B) gene is involved in the development of specialized epithelia of several organs during the early and late phases of embryogenesis, performing its function mainly by regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis pathways. The first pathogenic variant of HNF1B (namely, R177X) was reported in 1997 and is associated with the maturity-onset diabetes of the young. Since then, more than 230 different HNF1B variants have been reported, revealing a multifaceted syndrome with complex and heterogenous genetic, pathologic, and clinical profiles, mainly affecting the pediatric population. The pancreas and kidneys are the most frequently affected organs, resulting in diabetes, renal cysts, and a decrease in renal function, leading, in 2001, to the definition of HNF1B deficiency syndrome, including renal cysts and diabetes. However, several other organs and systems have since emerged as being affected by HNF1B defect, while diabetes and renal cysts are not always present. Especially, liver involvement has generally been overlooked but recently emerged as particularly relevant (mostly showing chronically elevated liver enzymes) and with a putative relation with tumor development, thus requiring a more granular analysis. Nowadays, HNF1B-associated disease has been recognized as a clinical entity with a broader and more variable multisystem phenotype, but the reasons for the phenotypic heterogeneity are still poorly understood. In this review, we aimed to describe the multifaceted nature of HNF1B deficiency in the pediatric and adult populations: we analyzed the genetic, phenotypic, and clinical features of this complex and misdiagnosed syndrome, covering the most frequent, unusual, and recently identified traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gambella
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Division of Liver and Transplant Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Silvia Kalantari
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Marco Quaglia
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Delvecchio
- Metabolic Disease and Genetics Unit, Giovanni XXIII Children’s Hospital, AOU Policlinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
- Liver Center, Digestive Disease Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michele Pinon
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Turin, Italy
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7
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Gräf R, Grafe M, Meyer I, Mitic K, Pitzen V. The Dictyostelium Centrosome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102657. [PMID: 34685637 PMCID: PMC8534566 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosome of Dictyostelium amoebae contains no centrioles and consists of a cylindrical layered core structure surrounded by a corona harboring microtubule-nucleating γ-tubulin complexes. It is the major centrosomal model beyond animals and yeasts. Proteomics, protein interaction studies by BioID and superresolution microscopy methods led to considerable progress in our understanding of the composition, structure and function of this centrosome type. We discuss all currently known components of the Dictyostelium centrosome in comparison to other centrosomes of animals and yeasts.
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Predictors of progression in autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:2639-2658. [PMID: 33474686 PMCID: PMC8292447 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) are characterized by bilateral cystic kidney disease leading to progressive kidney function decline. These diseases also have distinct liver manifestations. The range of clinical presentation and severity of both ADPKD and ARPKD is much wider than was once recognized. Pediatric and adult nephrologists are likely to care for individuals with both diseases in their lifetimes. This article will review genetic, clinical, and imaging predictors of kidney and liver disease progression in ADPKD and ARPKD and will briefly summarize pharmacologic therapies to prevent progression.
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9
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Chen Y, Fu D, Zhao H, Cheng W, Xu F. GSG2 (Haspin) promotes development and progression of bladder cancer through targeting KIF15 (Kinase-12). Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8858-8879. [PMID: 32439830 PMCID: PMC7288960 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor in urological system worldwide. The relationship between GSG2 and bladder cancer has not been demonstrated and remains unclear. In this study, it was demonstrated that GSG2 was up-regulated in bladder cancer tissues compared with the normal tissues and its high expression was correlated with more advanced malignant grade and lower survival rate. Further investigations indicated that the overexpression/knockdown of GSG2 could promote/inhibit proliferation, colony formation and migration of bladder cancer cells, while inhibiting/promoting cell apoptosis. Moreover, knockdown of GSG2 could also suppress tumorigenicity of bladder cancer cells in vivo. RNA-sequencing followed by Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was performed for exploring downstream of GSG2 and identified KIF15 as the potential target. Furthermore, our study revealed that knockdown of KIF15 could inhibit development of bladder cancer in vitro, and alleviate the GSG2 overexpression induced promotion of bladder cancer. In conclusion, our study showed, as the first time, GSG2 as a prognostic indicator and tumor promotor for bladder cancer, whose function was carried out probably through the regulation of KIF15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Chen
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dian Fu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Urology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Wang Q, Han B, Huang W, Qi C, Liu F. Identification of KIF15 as a potential therapeutic target and prognostic factor for glioma. Oncol Rep 2020; 43:1035-1044. [PMID: 32323839 PMCID: PMC7057805 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most commonly diagnosed primary intracranial malignant tumor with rapid growth, easy recurrence and thus poor prognosis. In the present study, the role of kinesin‑12 (KIF15) in glioma was revealed. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis were used to detect the protein expression. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation. Flow cytometric analysis was utilized to assess cell apoptosis and the cell cycle. A mouse xenograft model was constructed for in vivo study. The results indicated that KIF15 was significantly upregulated in glioma tumor tissues and positively correlated with pathological staging, recurrence risk and poor prognosis. Silencing of KIF15 could inhibit cell proliferation and stemness of glioma cells, arrest cells in the G2 phase and induce cell apoptosis. The in vivo study verified the inhibitory effect of KIF15 knockdown on tumor growth. The mechanism study demonstrated the regulation of apoptosis‑ and cycle‑related proteins in the KIF15 KD‑induced inhibition of glioma. KIF15 was revealed to function as a tumor promoter in the development and progression of glioma. KIF15 also served as a prognostic indicator for glioma and may be a therapeutic target for glioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Department of Central Lab, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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11
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Shao A, Chan SC, Igarashi P. Role of transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β in polycystic kidney disease. Cell Signal 2020; 71:109568. [PMID: 32068086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1β (HNF-1β) is a DNA-binding transcription factor that is essential for normal kidney development. Mutations of HNF1B in humans produce cystic kidney diseases, including renal cysts and diabetes, multicystic dysplastic kidneys, glomerulocystic kidney disease, and autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease. Expression of HNF1B is reduced in cystic kidneys from humans with ADPKD, and HNF1B has been identified as a modifier gene in PKD. Genome-wide analysis of chromatin binding has revealed that HNF-1β directly regulates the expression of known PKD genes, such as PKHD1 and PKD2, as well as genes involved in PKD pathogenesis, including cAMP-dependent signaling, renal fibrosis, and Wnt signaling. In addition, a role of HNF-1β in regulating the expression of noncoding RNAs (microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs) has been identified. These findings indicate that HNF-1β regulates a transcriptional and post-transcriptional network that plays a central role in renal cystogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Shao
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Siu Chiu Chan
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter Igarashi
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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12
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Ünlüsoy Aksu A, Das SK, Nelson-Williams C, Jain D, Özbay Hoşnut F, Evirgen Şahin G, Lifton RP, Vilarinho S. Recessive Mutations in KIF12 Cause High Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Cholestasis. Hepatol Commun 2019; 3:471-477. [PMID: 30976738 PMCID: PMC6442693 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Undiagnosed liver disease remains an unmet medical need in pediatric hepatology, including children with high gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) cholestasis. Here, we report whole‐exome sequencing of germline DNA from 2 unrelated children, both offspring of consanguineous union, with neonatal cholestasis and high GGT of unclear etiology. Both children had a rare homozygous damaging mutation (p.Arg219* and p.Val204Met) in kinesin family member 12 (KIF12). Furthermore, an older sibling of the child homozygous for p.Val204Met missense mutation, who was also found to have cholestasis, had the same homozygous mutation, thus identifying the cause of the underlying liver disease. Conclusion: Our findings implicate rare homozygous mutations in KIF12 in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease with high GGT in 3 previously undiagnosed children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Ünlüsoy Aksu
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital Ankara Turkey
| | - Subhash K Das
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | | | - Dhanpat Jain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT.,Department of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT
| | - Ferda Özbay Hoşnut
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital Ankara Turkey
| | - Gülseren Evirgen Şahin
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition University of Health Sciences, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital Ankara Turkey
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT.,Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT.,Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics Rockefeller University New York NY
| | - Silvia Vilarinho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT.,Department of Pathology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT
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Richards T, Modarage K, Dean C, McCarthy-Boxer A, Hilton H, Esapa C, Norman J, Wilson P, Goggolidou P. Atmin modulates Pkhd1 expression and may mediate Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) through altered non-canonical Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signalling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:378-390. [PMID: 30414501 PMCID: PMC6335440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease (ARPKD) is a genetic disorder with an incidence of ~1:20,000 that manifests in a wide range of renal and liver disease severity in human patients and can lead to perinatal mortality. ARPKD is caused by mutations in PKHD1, which encodes the large membrane protein, Fibrocystin, required for normal branching morphogenesis of the ureteric bud during embryonic renal development. The variation in ARPKD phenotype suggests that in addition to PKHD1 mutations, other genes may play a role, acting as modifiers of disease severity. One such pathway involves non-canonical Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) signalling that has been associated with other cystic kidney diseases, but has not been investigated in ARPKD. Analysis of the AtminGpg6 mouse showed kidney, liver and lung abnormalities, suggesting it as a novel mouse tool for the study of ARPKD. Further, modulation of Atmin affected Pkhd1 mRNA levels, altered non-canonical Wnt/PCP signalling and impacted cellular proliferation and adhesion, although Atmin does not bind directly to the C-terminus of Fibrocystin. Differences in ATMIN and VANGL2 expression were observed between normal human paediatric kidneys and age-matched ARPKD kidneys. Significant increases in ATMIN, WNT5A, VANGL2 and SCRIBBLE were seen in human ARPKD versus normal kidneys; no substantial differences were seen in DAAM2 or NPHP2. A striking increase in E-cadherin was also detected in ARPKD kidneys. This work indicates a novel role for non-canonical Wnt/PCP signalling in ARPKD and suggests ATMIN as a modulator of PKHD1.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Apoptosis
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion
- Cell Line
- Cell Polarity
- Cell Proliferation
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Kidney Tubules, Collecting
- Phenotype
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive/genetics
- Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Recessive/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wnt Signaling Pathway
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Richards
- School of Biomedical Science and Physiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Kavindiya Modarage
- School of Biomedical Science and Physiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK
| | - Charlotte Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Aidan McCarthy-Boxer
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Helen Hilton
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Chris Esapa
- MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Jill Norman
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Patricia Wilson
- Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Paraskevi Goggolidou
- School of Biomedical Science and Physiology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK; MRC Harwell Institute, Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK; Centre for Nephrology, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill, London NW3 2PF, UK.
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Identification of novel loci for pediatric cholestatic liver disease defined by KIF12, PPM1F, USP53, LSR, and WDR83OS pathogenic variants. Genet Med 2018; 21:1164-1172. [PMID: 30250217 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-018-0288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic testing in pediatric cholestasis can be very informative but genetic causes have not been fully characterized. METHODS Exome sequencing and positional mapping in seven families with cholestatic liver disease and negative clinical testing for known disease genes. RESULTS KIF12, which encodes a microtubule motor protein with a tentative role in cell polarity, was found to harbor three homozygous likely deleterious variants in three families with sclerosing cholangitis. KIF12 expression is dependent on HNF-1β, deficiency which is known to cause bile duct dysmorphogenesis associated with loss of KIF12 expression. In another extended family, we mapped an apparently novel syndrome of sclerosing cholangitis, short stature, hypothyroidism, and abnormal tongue pigmentation in two cousins to a homozygous variant in PPM1F (POPX2), a regulator of kinesin-mediated ciliary transport. In the fifth family, a syndrome of normal gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) cholestasis and hearing loss was found to segregate with a homozygous truncating variant in USP53, which encodes an interactor with TJP2. In the sixth family, we mapped a novel syndrome of transient neonatal cholestasis, intellectual disability, and short stature to a homozygous variant in LSR, an important regulator of liver development. In the last family of three affected siblings, a novel syndrome of intractable itching, hypercholanemia, short stature, and intellectual disability was mapped to a single locus that contains a homozygous truncating variant in WDR83OS (C19orf56), known to interact with ATP13A2 and BSEP. CONCLUSION Our results expand the genetic heterogeneity of pediatric cholestatic liver disease and highlight the vulnerability of bile homeostasis to a wide range of molecular perturbations.
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15
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High-resolution genetic localization of a modifying locus affecting disease severity in the juvenile cystic kidneys (jck) mouse model of polycystic kidney disease. Mamm Genome 2016; 27:191-9. [PMID: 27114383 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-016-9633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that a locus on proximal Chr 4 modifies disease severity in the juvenile cystic kidney (jck) mouse, a model of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) that carries a mutation of the Nek8 serine-threonine kinase. In this study, we used QTL analysis of independently constructed B6.D2 congenic lines to confirm this and showed that this locus has a highly significant effect. We constructed sub-congenic lines to more specifically localize the modifier and have determined it resides in a 3.2 Mb interval containing 28 genes. These include Invs and Anks6, which are both excellent candidates for the modifier as mutations in these genes result in PKD and both genes are known to genetically and physically interact with Nek8. However, examination of strain-specific DNA sequence and kidney expression did not reveal clear differences that might implicate either gene as a modifier of PKD severity. The fact that our high-resolution analysis did not yield an unambiguous result highlights the challenge of establishing the causality of strain-specific variants as genetic modifiers, and suggests that alternative strategies be considered.
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16
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Westland R, Verbitsky M, Vukojevic K, Perry BJ, Fasel DA, Zwijnenburg PJG, Bökenkamp A, Gille JJP, Saraga-Babic M, Ghiggeri GM, D'Agati VD, Schreuder MF, Gharavi AG, van Wijk JAE, Sanna-Cherchi S. Copy number variation analysis identifies novel CAKUT candidate genes in children with a solitary functioning kidney. Kidney Int 2015; 88:1402-1410. [PMID: 26352300 PMCID: PMC4834924 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Copy number variations associate with different developmental phenotypes and represent a major cause of congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). Because rare pathogenic copy number variations are often large and contain multiple genes, identification of the underlying genetic drivers has proven to be difficult. Here we studied the role of rare copy number variations in 80 patients from the KIMONO-study cohort for which pathogenic mutations in three genes commonly implicated in CAKUT were excluded. In total, 13 known or novel genomic imbalances in 11 of 80 patients were absent or extremely rare in 23,362 population controls. To identify the most likely genetic drivers for the CAKUT phenotype underlying these rare copy number variations, we used a systematic in silico approach based on frequency in a large dataset of controls, annotation with publicly available databases for developmental diseases, tolerance and haploinsufficiency scores, and gene expression profile in the developing kidney and urinary tract. Five novel candidate genes for CAKUT were identified that showed specific expression in the human and mouse developing urinary tract. Among these genes, DLG1 and KIF12 are likely novel susceptibility genes for CAKUT in humans. Thus, there is a significant role of genomic imbalance in the determination of kidney developmental phenotypes. Additionally, we defined a systematic strategy to identify genetic drivers underlying rare copy number variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik Westland
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miguel Verbitsky
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Katarina Vukojevic
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Brittany J Perry
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - David A Fasel
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Petra J G Zwijnenburg
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Bökenkamp
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan J P Gille
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirna Saraga-Babic
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michiel F Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali G Gharavi
- Division of Nephrology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joanna A E van Wijk
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Mrug M, Zhou J, Yang C, Aronow BJ, Cui X, Schoeb TR, Siegal GP, Yoder BK, Guay-Woodford LM. Genetic and Informatic Analyses Implicate Kif12 as a Candidate Gene within the Mpkd2 Locus That Modulates Renal Cystic Disease Severity in the Cys1cpk Mouse. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135678. [PMID: 26295839 PMCID: PMC4546649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously mapped the interval on Chromosome 4 for a major polycystic kidney disease modifier (Mpkd) of the B6(Cg)-Cys1cpk/J mouse model of recessive polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Informatic analyses predicted that this interval contains at least three individual renal cystic disease severity-modulating loci (Mpkd1-3). In the current study, we provide further validation of these predicted effects using a congenic mouse line carrying the entire CAST/EiJ (CAST)-derived Mpkd1-3 interval on the C57BL/6J background. We have also generated a derivative congenic line with a refined CAST-derived Mpkd1-2 interval and demonstrated its dominantly-acting disease-modulating effects (e.g., 4.2-fold increase in total cyst area; p<0.001). The relative strength of these effects allowed the use of recombinants from these crosses to fine map the Mpkd2 effects to a <14 Mbp interval that contains 92 RefSeq sequences. One of them corresponds to the previously described positional Mpkd2 candidate gene, Kif12. Among the positional Mpkd2 candidates, only expression of Kif12 correlates strongly with the expression pattern of Cys1 across multiple anatomical nephron structures and developmental time points. Also, we demonstrate that Kif12 encodes a primary cilium-associated protein. Together, these data provide genetic and informatic validation of the predicted renal cystic disease-modulating effects of Mpkd1-3 loci and implicate Kif12 as the candidate locus for Mpkd2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mrug
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (LMGW)
| | - Juling Zhou
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Chaozhe Yang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, United States of America
| | - Bruce J. Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 35229, United States of America
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Trenton R. Schoeb
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Gene P. Siegal
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Guay-Woodford
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MM); (LMGW)
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18
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Lee CH, O'Connor AK, Yang C, Tate JM, Schoeb TR, Flint JJ, Blackband SJ, Guay-Woodford LM. Magnetic resonance microscopy of renal and biliary abnormalities in excised tissues from a mouse model of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/8/e12517. [PMID: 26320214 PMCID: PMC4562597 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is transmitted as either an autosomal dominant or recessive trait and is a major cause of renal failure and liver fibrosis. The cpk mouse model of autosomal recessive PKD (ARPKD) has been extensively characterized using standard histopathological techniques after euthanasia. In the current study, we sought to validate magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) as a robust tool for assessing the ARPKD phenotype. We used MRM to evaluate the liver and kidney of wild-type and cpk animals at resolutions <100 μm and generated three-dimensional (3D) renderings for pathological evaluation. Our study demonstrates that MRM is an excellent method for evaluating the complex, 3D structural defects in this ARPKD mouse model. We found that MRM was equivalent to water displacement in assessing kidney volume. Additionally, using MRM we demonstrated for the first time that the cpk liver exhibits less extensive ductal arborization, that it was reduced in volume, and that the ductal volume was disproportionately smaller. Histopathology indicates that this is a consequence of bile duct malformation. With its reduced processing time, volumetric information, and 3D capabilities, MRM will be a useful tool for future in vivo and longitudinal studies of disease progression in ARPKD. In addition, MRM will provide a unique tool to determine whether the human disease shares the newly appreciated features of the murine biliary phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong H Lee
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amber K O'Connor
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Chaozhe Yang
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joshua M Tate
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Trenton R Schoeb
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jeremy J Flint
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stephen J Blackband
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Lisa M Guay-Woodford
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
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19
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Antignac C, Calvet JP, Germino GG, Grantham JJ, Guay-Woodford LM, Harris PC, Hildebrandt F, Peters DJM, Somlo S, Torres VE, Walz G, Zhou J, Yu ASL. The Future of Polycystic Kidney Disease Research--As Seen By the 12 Kaplan Awardees. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2081-95. [PMID: 25952256 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014121192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common life-threatening genetic diseases. Jared J. Grantham, M.D., has done more than any other individual to promote PKD research around the world. However, despite decades of investigation there is still no approved therapy for PKD in the United States. In May 2014, the University of Kansas Medical Center hosted a symposium in Kansas City honoring the occasion of Dr. Grantham's retirement and invited all the awardees of the Lillian Jean Kaplan International Prize for Advancement in the Understanding of Polycystic Kidney Disease to participate in a forward-thinking and interactive forum focused on future directions and innovations in PKD research. This article summarizes the contributions of the 12 Kaplan awardees and their vision for the future of PKD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Antignac
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Laboratory of Inherited Kidney Diseases, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, and The Department of Genetics, Necker Hospital, Paris, France
| | - James P Calvet
- The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
| | - Gregory G Germino
- Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jared J Grantham
- The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Lisa M Guay-Woodford
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dorien J M Peters
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Somlo
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Gerd Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and
| | - Jing Zhou
- Harvard Center for Polycystic Kidney Disease Research, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alan S L Yu
- The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas;
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20
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De Vas MG, Kopp JL, Heliot C, Sander M, Cereghini S, Haumaitre C. Hnf1b controls pancreas morphogenesis and the generation of Ngn3+ endocrine progenitors. Development 2015; 142:871-82. [PMID: 25715395 DOI: 10.1242/dev.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the human HNF1B gene are associated with maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5) and pancreas hypoplasia. In mouse, Hnf1b heterozygous mutants do not exhibit any phenotype, whereas the homozygous deletion in the entire epiblast leads to pancreas agenesis associated with abnormal gut regionalization. Here, we examine the specific role of Hnf1b during pancreas development, using constitutive and inducible conditional inactivation approaches at key developmental stages. Hnf1b early deletion leads to a reduced pool of pancreatic multipotent progenitor cells (MPCs) due to decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. Lack of Hnf1b either during the first or the secondary transitions is associated with cystic ducts. Ductal cells exhibit aberrant polarity and decreased expression of several cystic disease genes, some of which we identified as novel Hnf1b targets. Notably, we show that Glis3, a transcription factor involved in duct morphogenesis and endocrine cell development, is downstream Hnf1b. In addition, a loss and abnormal differentiation of acinar cells are observed. Strikingly, inactivation of Hnf1b at different time points results in the absence of Ngn3(+) endocrine precursors throughout embryogenesis. We further show that Hnf1b occupies novel Ngn3 putative regulatory sequences in vivo. Thus, Hnf1b plays a crucial role in the regulatory networks that control pancreatic MPC expansion, acinar cell identity, duct morphogenesis and generation of endocrine precursors. Our results uncover an unappreciated requirement of Hnf1b in endocrine cell specification and suggest a mechanistic explanation of diabetes onset in individuals with MODY5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias G De Vas
- CNRS, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Paris F-75005, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7622-IBPS, Paris F-75005, France INSERM U969, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Janel L Kopp
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Claire Heliot
- CNRS, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Paris F-75005, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7622-IBPS, Paris F-75005, France INSERM U969, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Maike Sander
- Department of Pediatrics and Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Diabetes Research Center, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0695, USA
| | - Silvia Cereghini
- CNRS, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Paris F-75005, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7622-IBPS, Paris F-75005, France INSERM U969, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Cécile Haumaitre
- CNRS, UMR7622, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Paris F-75005, France Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR7622-IBPS, Paris F-75005, France INSERM U969, Paris F-75005, France
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21
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Clinical and genetic characterization of a founder PKHD1 mutation in Afrikaners with ARPKD. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:273-9. [PMID: 25193386 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-014-2917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD; MIM 263200) occurs in 1:20,000 live births. Disease expression is widely variable, with approximately 30 % of affected neonates dying perinatally, while others survive to adulthood. Mutations at the PKHD1 locus are responsible for all typical presentations. The objectives of this study were to define the clinical and genetic characteristics in a cohort of South African patients of Afrikaner origin, a population with a high prevalence of ARPKD. METHODS DNA from the cohort was analyzed for background haplotypes and the p.M627K mutation previously identified in two unrelated Afrikaner patients. The clinical phenotype of the homozygous group was characterized. RESULTS Analysis of 36 Afrikaner families revealed that 27 patients, from 24 (67 %) families, were homozygous for the p.M627K substitution, occurring on a common haplotype. The clinical phenotype of the homozygous individuals was variable. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide strong evidence that the p.M627K substitution is a founder mutation in the Afrikaner population and can be used for streamlined diagnostic testing for at-risk pregnancies. The observed clinical variability suggests that disease expression is modulated by other genetic loci or by gene-environment interactions.
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22
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Abstract
Polycystic diseases affect approximately 1/1000 and are important causes of kidney failure. No therapies presently are in clinical practice that can prevent disease progression. Multiple mouse models have been produced for the genetic forms of the disease that most commonly affect humans. In this report, we review recent progress in the field and describe some of the outstanding challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Menezes
- Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 8D46, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gregory George Germino
- Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 Room 8D46, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
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23
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Boehn SNE, Spahn S, Neudecker S, Keppler A, Bihoreau MT, Kränzlin B, Pandey P, Hoffmann SC, Li L, Torres VE, Gröne HJ, Gretz N. Inhibition of Comt with tolcapone slows progression of polycystic kidney disease in the more severely affected PKD/Mhm (cy/+) substrain of the Hannover Sprague-Dawley rat. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 28:2045-58. [PMID: 23543593 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common human inherited diseases. Modifier genes seem to modulate the disease progression and might therefore be promising drug targets. Although a number of modifier loci have been already identified, no modifier gene has been proven to be a real modifier yet. METHODS Gene expression profiling of two substrains of the Han:SPRD rat, namely PKD/Mhm and PKD/US, both harboring the same mutation, was conducted in 36-day-old animals. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (Comt) was identified as a potential modifier gene. A 3-month treatment with tolcapone, a selective inhibitor of Comt, was carried out in PKD/Mhm and PKD/US (cy/+) animals. RESULTS Comt is localized within a known modifier locus of PKD (MOP2). The enzyme encoding gene was found upregulated in the more severely affected PKD/Mhm substrain and was hence presumed to be a putative modifier gene of PKD. The treatment with tolcapone markedly attenuated the loss of renal function, inhibited renal enlargement, shifted the size distribution of renal cysts and retarded cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis development in affected (cy/+) male and female PKD/Mhm and PKD/US rats. CONCLUSIONS Comt has been confirmed to be the first reported modifier gene for PKD and tolcapone offers a promising drug for treating PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne N E Boehn
- Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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O'Meara CC, Hoffman M, Sweeney WE, Tsaih SW, Xiao B, Jacob HJ, Avner ED, Moreno C. Role of genetic modifiers in an orthologous rat model of ARPKD. Physiol Genomics 2012; 44:741-53. [PMID: 22669842 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00187.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human data and animal models of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) suggest that genetic factors modulate the onset and severity of the disease. We report here for the first time that ARPKD susceptibility is attenuated by introgressing the mutated Pkhd1 disease allele from the polycystic kidney (PCK) rat onto the FHH (Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive) genetic background. Compared with PCK, the FHH.Pkhd1 strain had significantly decreased renal cyst formation that coincided with a threefold reduction in mean kidney weights. Further analysis revealed that the FHH. Pkhd1 is protected from increased blood pressure as well as elevated plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. On the other hand, liver weight and biliary cystogenesis revealed no differences between PCK and FHH.Pkdh1, indicating that genes within the FHH genetic background prevent the development of renal, but not hepatic, manifestations of ARPKD. Microarray expression analysis of kidneys from 30-day-old PCK rats revealed increased expression of genes previously identified in PKD renal expression profiles, such as inflammatory response, extracellular matrix synthesis, and cell proliferation genes among others, whereas the FHH.Pkhd1 did not show activation of these common markers of disease. This newly developed strain can serve as a tool to map modifier genes for renal disease in ARPKD and provides further insight into disease variability and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C O'Meara
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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25
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Zhou J, Ouyang X, Schoeb TR, Bolisetty S, Cui X, Mrug S, Yoder BK, Johnson MR, Szalai AJ, Mrug M. Kidney injury accelerates cystogenesis via pathways modulated by heme oxygenase and complement. J Am Soc Nephrol 2012; 23:1161-71. [PMID: 22518005 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2011050442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AKI accelerates cystogenesis. Because cystogenic mutations induce strong transcriptional responses similar to those seen after AKI, these responses may accelerate the progression of cystic renal disease. Here, we modulated the severity of the AKI-like response in Cys1(cpk/cpk) mice, a model that mimics autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Specifically, we induced or inhibited activity of the renoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase (HO) and determined the effects on renal cystogenesis. We found that induction of HO attenuated both renal injury and the rate of cystogenesis, whereas inhibition of HO promoted cystogenesis. HO activity mediated the response of NFκB, which is a hallmark transcriptional feature common to both cystogenesis and AKI. Among the HO-modulated effects we measured, expression of complement component 3 (C3) strongly correlated with cystogenesis, a functionally relevant association as suggested by Cys1(cpk/cpk) mice with genetically induced C3 deficiency. Because both C3 deficiency and HO induction reduce cyst number and cyst areas, these two factors define an injury-stimulated cystogenic pathway that may provide therapeutic targets to slow the formation of new renal cysts and the growth of existing cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juling Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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26
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Abstract
Cilia and flagella are organelles of the cell body present in many eukaryotic cells. Although their basic structure is well conserved from unicellular organisms to mammals, they show amazing diversity in number, structure, molecular composition, disposition and function. These complex organelles are generally assembled by the action of intraflagellar transport, which is powered by kinesin and dynein motor proteins. Several types of kinesins can function in flagella. They all have a well-conserved motor domain with characteristic signatures, but display exhaustive diversification of some domains. This diversity can be explained by the multitude of functions fulfilled by these proteins (transport of cargoes along microtubules, polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules). Functional and phylogenetic analyses reveal that at least seven kinesin families are involved in flagellum assembly and function. In protists, where cilia and flagella fulfill many essential roles, this diversity of function is also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Marande
- Adaptation Processes of Protists to their Environment, UMR7245 CNRS/MNHN Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 57, rue Cuvier, CP52, 75231 Paris, France
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Rosenquist TA. Genetic loci that affect aristolochic acid-induced nephrotoxicity in the mouse. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F1360-7. [PMID: 21429970 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00716.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AA) are plant-derived nephrotoxins and carcinogens found in traditional medicines and herbal remedies. AA causes aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and is a suspected environmental agent in Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) and its associated upper urothelial cancer. Approximately 5-10% of individuals exposed to AA develop renal insufficiency and/or cancer; thus a genetic predisposition to AA sensitivity has been proposed. The mouse is an established animal model of AAN, and inbred murine strains vary in AA sensitivity, confirming the genetic predisposition. We mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) correlated with proximal tubule dysfunction after exposure to AA in an F2 population of mice, derived from breeding an AA-resistant strain (C57BL/6J) and an AA-sensitive strain (DBA/2J). A single main QTL was identified on chromosome 4 (Aanq1); three other interacting QTLs, (Aanq2-4) also were detected. The Aanq1 region was also detected in untreated mice, raising the possibility that preexisting differences in proximal tubule function may affect the severity of AA-elicited toxicity. This study lays the groundwork for identifying the genetic pathways contributing to AA sensitivity in the mouse and will further our understanding of human susceptibility to AA found widely in traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Rosenquist
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8651, USA.
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28
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Boucher CA, Ward HH, Case RL, Thurston KS, Li X, Needham A, Romero E, Hyink D, Qamar S, Roitbak T, Powell S, Ward C, Wilson PD, Wandinger-Ness A, Sandford RN. Receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases are novel components of a polycystin complex. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1812:1225-38. [PMID: 21126580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is caused by mutation of PKD1 and PKD2 that encode polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. Polycystin-1 is tyrosine phosphorylated and modulates multiple signaling pathways including AP-1, and the identity of the phosphatases regulating polycystin-1 are previously uncharacterized. Here we identify members of the LAR protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP) superfamily as members of the polycystin-1complex mediated through extra- and intracellular interactions. The first extracellular PKD1 domain of polycystin-1 interacts with the first Ig domain of RPTPσ, while the polycystin-1 C-terminus of polycystin-1 interacts with the regulatory D2 phosphatase domain of RPTPγ. Additional homo- and heterotypic interactions between RPTPs recruit RPTPδ. The multimeric polycystin protein complex is found localised in cilia. RPTPσ and RPTPδ are also part of a polycystin-1/E-cadherin complex known to be important for early events in adherens junction stabilisation. The interaction between polycystin-1 and RPTPγ is disrupted in ADPKD cells, while RPTPσ and RPTPδ remain closely associated with E-cadherin, largely in an intracellular location. The polycystin-1 C-terminus is an in vitro substrate of RPTPγ, which dephosphorylates the c-Src phosphorylated Y4237 residue and activates AP1-mediated transcription. The data identify RPTPs as novel interacting partners of the polycystins both in cilia and at adhesion complexes and demonstrate RPTPγ phosphatase activity is central to the molecular mechanisms governing polycystin-dependent signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Polycystic Kidney Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Boucher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
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Agrawal S, Agarwal S, Naik S. Genetic contribution and associated pathophysiology in end-stage renal disease. APPLICATION OF CLINICAL GENETICS 2010; 3:65-84. [PMID: 23776353 PMCID: PMC3681165 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s7330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the terminal state of the kidney when its function has been permanently and irreversibly damaged. A wide variety of etiologies and pathological processes culminate in ESRD, and both environmental and genetic factors contribute to its development and progression. Various reports suggest that susceptibility to develop ESRD has a significant genetic component. These studies include familial aggregation studies, comparisons of incidence rates between different racial or ethnic populations, and segregation analysis. Genetic approaches have been used to identify genes that contribute to genetic susceptibility. Many studies have now been carried out assessing the contribution of specific “candidate genes”, which correlate with different functions that are involved in the renal pathogenesis. Independent studies for specific associated genes have frequently provided contradictory results. This may be due, in part, to the modest contribution to genetic susceptibility which these genes impart. With the availability of different genomewide association studies, chromosomal regions harboring novel, previously unrecognized, genes that may contribute to renal diseases have been recently reported. We have focused on different genetic studies conducted on ESRD and have discussed the strength and weaknesses of these studies. The nonmuscle myosin heavy chain 9 gene (MYH9) and renin–angiotensin system (RAS) have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraksha Agrawal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Zhou J, Ouyang X, Cui X, Schoeb TR, Smythies LE, Johnson MR, Guay-Woodford LM, Chapman AB, Mrug M. Renal CD14 expression correlates with the progression of cystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2010; 78:550-60. [PMID: 20555320 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2010.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte and macrophage markers are among the most highly overexpressed genes in cpk mouse kidneys with severely progressive renal cystic disease. We show here that one of these markers, CD14, is abnormally transcribed, activated and shed in cystic kidneys. However, these abnormalities were not associated with an increased number of interstitial CD14-positive mononuclear cells. Instead, we found that most non-cystic and cystic renal tubular epithelia were CD14-positive; even distal nephron-derived principal cells. Cd14 was significantly overexpressed in the kidneys of 5-day-old cpk mice and further increased as the disease progressed. In the cpk model with variable rates of cystic kidney enlargement (due to an intercross of two distinct genetic backgrounds), Cd14 expression positively correlated with kidney volume, exceeding the correlation with MCP-1, an established marker of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In 16 patients with ADPKD, the baseline urinary CD14 level showed some tendency to correlate with the 2-year change in total kidney volume; however, the tendency was not statistically significant. But the association was significant when the analysis was confined to males. Clearly more studies need to be done to evaluate the utility of CD14 as a marker for outcomes in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juling Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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31
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Melander C, Joly D, Knebelmann B. [Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: light at the end of the tunnel?]. Nephrol Ther 2010; 6:226-31. [PMID: 20430712 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, characterized by numerous cysts in both kidneys, is the most frequent, potentially lethal monogenic disorder. Its prevalence is evaluated between 1/400 and 1/1000 live births and it accounts for 7 to 8 % of end-stage renal disease in developed countries. As yet, the pathogenesis of this disease is not fully understood and there is no specific treatment available. Nevertheless, in the last few years, fundamental and clinical research has been highly efficient in these fields. The purpose of this review is to update the practical implications of this research in terms of clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Melander
- Service de néphrologie adultes, hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris cedex 15, France
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32
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Genotype-phenotype correlations in fetuses and neonates with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2009; 77:350-8. [PMID: 19940839 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2009.440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease is known to correlate with genotype. The presence of two truncating mutations in the PKHD1 gene encoding the fibrocystin protein is associated with neonatal death while patients who survive have at least one missense mutation. To determine relationships between genotype and renal and hepatic abnormalities we correlated the severity of renal and hepatic histological lesions to the type of PKHD1 mutations in 54 fetuses (medical pregnancy termination) and 20 neonates who died shortly after birth. Within this cohort, 55.5% of the mutations truncated fibrocystin. The severity of cortical collecting duct dilatations, cortical tubule and glomerular lesions, and renal cortical and hepatic portal fibrosis increased with gestational age. Severe genotypes, defined by two truncating mutations, were more frequent in patients of less than 30 weeks gestation compared to older fetuses and neonates. When adjusted to gestational age, the extension of collecting duct dilatation into the cortex and cortical tubule lesions, but not portal fibrosis, was more prevalent in patients with severe than in those with a non-severe genotype. Our results show the presence of two truncating mutations of the PKHD1 gene is associated with the most severe renal forms of prenatally detected autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Their absence, however, does not guarantee survival to the neonatal period.
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33
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Cui X, Zhou J, Qiu J, Johnson MR, Mrug M. Validation of endogenous internal real-time PCR controls in renal tissues. Am J Nephrol 2009; 30:413-7. [PMID: 19729889 DOI: 10.1159/000235993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous internal controls ('reference' or 'housekeeping' genes) are widely used in real-time PCR (RT-PCR) analyses. Their use relies on the premise of consistently stable expression across studied experimental conditions. Unfortunately, none of these controls fulfills this premise across a wide range of experimental conditions; consequently, none of them can be recommended for universal use. METHODS To determine which endogenous RT-PCR controls are suitable for analyses of renal tissues altered by kidney disease, we studied the expression of 16 commonly used 'reference genes' in 7 mildly and 7 severely affected whole kidney tissues from a well-characterized cystic kidney disease model. Expression levels of these 16 genes, determined by TaqMan RT-PCR analyses and Affymetrix GeneChip arrays, were normalized and tested for overall variance and equivalence of the means. RESULTS Both statistical approaches and both TaqMan- and GeneChip-based methods converged on 3 out of the 4 top-ranked genes (Ppia, Gapdh and Pgk1) that had the most constant expression levels across the studied phenotypes. CONCLUSION A combination of the top-ranked genes will provide a suitable endogenous internal control for similar studies of kidney tissues across a wide range of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd, Tinsley Harrison Tower 611J, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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34
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Intraflagellar transport and the generation of dynamic, structurally and functionally diverse cilia. Trends Cell Biol 2009; 19:306-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2009.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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35
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Gong Y, Ma Z, Patel V, Fischer E, Hiesberger T, Pontoglio M, Igarashi P. HNF-1beta regulates transcription of the PKD modifier gene Kif12. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:41-7. [PMID: 19005009 PMCID: PMC2615735 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta (HNF-1beta) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in the kidney, liver, pancreas, and other epithelial organs. Mutations of HNF-1beta lead to a syndrome of inherited renal cysts and diabetes and are also a common cause of sporadic renal dysplasia. The full complement of target genes responsible for the functions of HNF-1beta, however, is incompletely defined. Using a functional genomics approach involving chromatin immunoprecipitation and promoter arrays, combined with gene expression profiling, we found that an HNF-1beta target gene in the kidney is kinesin family member 12 (Kif12), a gene previously identified as a candidate modifier gene in the cpk mouse model of polycystic kidney disease. Mutations of HNF-1beta inhibited Kif12 transcription in both cultured cells and knockout mice by altering co-factor recruitment and histone modification. Because kinesin-12 family members participate in orienting cell division, downregulation of Kif12 may underlie the abnormal planar cell polarity observed in cystic kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Gong
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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36
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Alcalay NI, Sharma M, Vassmer D, Chapman B, Paul B, Zhou J, Brantley JG, Wallace DP, Maser RL, Vanden Heuvel GB. Acceleration of polycystic kidney disease progression in cpk mice carrying a deletion in the homeodomain protein Cux1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F1725-34. [PMID: 18829740 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.90420.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney diseases (PKD) are inherited as autosomal dominant (ADPKD) or autosomal recessive (ARPKD) traits and are characterized by progressive enlargement of renal cysts. Aberrant cell proliferation is a key feature in the progression of PKD. Cux1 is a homeobox gene that is related to Drosophila cut and is the murine homolog of human CDP (CCAAT Displacement Protein). Cux1 represses the cyclin kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, and transgenic mice ectopically expressing Cux1 develop renal hyperplasia. However, Cux1 transgenic mice do not develop PKD. Here, we show that a 246 amino acid deletion in Cux1 accelerates PKD progression in cpk mice. Cystic kidneys isolated from 10-day-old cpk/Cux1 double mutant mice were significantly larger than kidneys from 10-day-old cpk mice. Moreover, renal function was significantly reduced in the Cux1 mutant cpk mice, compared with cpk mice. The mutant Cux1 protein was ectopically expressed in cyst-lining cells, where expression corresponded to increased cell proliferation and apoptosis, and a decrease in expression of the cyclin kinase inhibitors p27 and p21. While the mutant Cux1 protein altered PKD progression, kidneys from mice carrying the mutant Cux1 protein alone were phenotypically normal, suggesting the Cux1 mutation modifies PKD progression in cpk mice. During cell cycle progression, Cux1 is proteolytically processed by a nuclear isoform of the cysteine protease cathepsin-L. Analysis of the deleted sequences reveals that a cathepsin-L processing site in Cux1 is deleted. Moreover, nuclear cathepsin-L is significantly reduced in both human ADPKD cells and in Pkd1 null kidneys, corresponding to increased levels of Cux1 protein in the cystic cells and kidneys. These results suggest a mechanism in which reduced Cux1 processing by cathepsin-L results in the accumulation of Cux1, downregulation of p21/p27, and increased cell proliferation in PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal I Alcalay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Univ. of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Arbeiter A, Büscher R, Bonzel KE, Wingen AM, Vester U, Wohlschläger J, Zerres K, Nürnberger J, Bergmann C, Hoyer PF. Nephrectomy in an autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) patient with rapid kidney enlargement and increased expression of EGFR. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2008; 23:3026-9. [PMID: 18503009 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfn288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Arbeiter
- Department of Pediatrics II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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38
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Ratelade J, Lavin TA, Muda AO, Morisset L, Mollet G, Boyer O, Chen DS, Henger A, Kretzler M, Hubner N, Théry C, Gubler MC, Montagutelli X, Antignac C, Esquivel EL. Maternal environment interacts with modifier genes to influence progression of nephrotic syndrome. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19:1491-9. [PMID: 18385421 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007111268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the NPHS2 gene, which encodes podocin, are responsible for some cases of sporadic and familial autosomal recessive steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Inter- and intrafamilial variability in the progression of renal disease among patients bearing NPHS2 mutations suggests a potential role for modifier genes. Using a mouse model in which the podocin gene is constitutively inactivated, we sought to identify genetic determinants of the development and progression of renal disease as a result of the nephrotic syndrome. We report that the evolution of renal disease as a result of nephrotic syndrome in Nphs2-null mice depends on genetic background. Furthermore, the maternal environment significantly interacts with genetic determinants to modify survival and progression of renal disease. Quantitative trait locus mapping suggested that these genetic determinants may be encoded for by genes on the distal end of chromosome 3, which are linked to proteinuria, and on the distal end of chromosome 7, which are linked to a composite trait of urea, creatinine, and potassium. These loci demonstrate epistatic interactions with other chromosomal regions, highlighting the complex genetics of renal disease progression. In summary, constitutive inactivation of podocin models the complex interactions between maternal and genetically determined factors on the progression of renal disease as a result of nephrotic syndrome in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ratelade
- INSERM, U574, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
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39
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40
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Overexpression of innate immune response genes in a model of recessive polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2007; 73:63-76. [PMID: 17960140 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5002627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the primary cilium/basal body complex of renal tubular cells cause polycystic kidney disease (PKD). To uncover pathways associated with disease progression, we determined the kidney transcriptome of 10-day-old severely and mildly affected cpk mice, a model of recessive PKD. In the severe phenotype, the most highly expressed genes were those associated with the innate immune response including many macrophage markers, particularly those associated with a profibrotic alternative activation pathway. Additionally, gene expression of macrophage activators was dominated by the complement system factors including the central complement component 3. Additional studies confirmed increased complement component 3 protein levels in both cystic and non-cystic epithelia in the kidneys of cpk compared to wild-type mice. We also found elevated complement component 3 activation in two other mouse-recessive models and human-recessive PKD. Our results suggest that abnormal complement component 3 activation is a key element of progression in PKD.
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41
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Rossetti S, Harris PC. Genotype-phenotype correlations in autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 18:1374-80. [PMID: 17429049 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2007010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypes that are associated with the common forms of polycystic kidney disease (PKD)--autosomal dominant (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive (ARPKD)--are highly variable in penetrance. This is in terms of severity of renal disease, which can range from neonatal death to adequate function into old age, characteristics of the liver disease, and other extrarenal manifestations in ADPKD. Influences of the germline mutation are at the genic and allelic levels, but intrafamilial variability indicates that genetic background and environmental factors are also key. In ADPKD, the gene involved, PKD1 or PKD2, is a major factor, with ESRD occurring 20 yr later in PKD2. Mutation position may also be significant, especially in terms of the likelihood of vascular events, with 5' mutations most detrimental. Variance component analysis in ADPKD populations indicates that genetic modifiers are important, but few such factors (beyond co-inheritance of a TSC2 mutation) have been identified. Hormonal influences, especially associated with more severe liver disease in female individuals, indicate a role for nongenetic factors. In ARPKD, the combination of mutations is critical to the phenotypic outcome. Patients with two truncating mutations have a lethal phenotype, whereas the presence of at least one missense change can be compatible with life, indicating that many missense changes are hypomorphic alleles that generate partially functional protein. Clues from animal models and other forms of PKD highlight potential modifiers. The information that is now available on both genes is of considerable prognostic value with the prospects from the ongoing genetic revolution that additional risk factors will be revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Rossetti
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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42
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Gunay-Aygun M, Avner ED, Bacallo RL, Choyke PL, Flynn JT, Germino GG, Guay-Woodford L, Harris P, Heller T, Ingelfinger J, Kaskel F, Kleta R, LaRusso NF, Mohan P, Pazour GJ, Shneider BL, Torres VE, Wilson P, Zak C, Zhou J, Gahl WA. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis: summary statement of a first National Institutes of Health/Office of Rare Diseases conference. J Pediatr 2006; 149:159-64. [PMID: 16887426 PMCID: PMC2918414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2005] [Revised: 01/30/2006] [Accepted: 03/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Researchers and clinicians with expertise in autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis (ARPKD/CHF) and related fields met on May 5-6, 2005, on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus for a 1.5-day symposium sponsored by the NIH Office of Rare Diseases, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), and in part by the ARPKD/CHF Alliance. The meeting addressed the present status and the future of ARPKD/CHF research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Gunay-Aygun
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1851, USA.
| | - Ellis D. Avner
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Robert L. Bacallo
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Joseph T. Flynn
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Gregory G. Germino
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Lisa Guay-Woodford
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Peter Harris
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Theo Heller
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Julie Ingelfinger
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Frederick Kaskel
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Robert Kleta
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Nicholas F. LaRusso
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Parvathi Mohan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Benjamin L. Shneider
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Vicente E. Torres
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Patricia Wilson
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Colleen Zak
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - Jing Zhou
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
| | - William A. Gahl
- National Human Genome Research Institute, the Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Pediatric Nephrology, Mass-General Hospital for Children at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease/Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis Alliance and the Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's National Medical Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, the Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, the Departments of Pediatric Hepatology and Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, The Mount Sinai Hospital, NY
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Hildebrandt F, Otto E. Cilia and centrosomes: a unifying pathogenic concept for cystic kidney disease? Nat Rev Genet 2006; 6:928-40. [PMID: 16341073 DOI: 10.1038/nrg1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cystic kidney diseases are among the most frequent lethal genetic diseases. Positional cloning of novel cystic kidney disease genes revealed that their products (cystoproteins) are expressed in sensory organelles called primary cilia, in basal bodies or in centrosomes. Primary cilia link mechanosensory, visual, osmotic, gustatory and other stimuli to mechanisms of cell-cycle control and epithelial cell polarity. The ciliary expression of cystoproteins explains why many other organs might be also affected in patients with cystic kidney disease. Protein-protein interactions among cystoproteins, and their strong evolutionary conservation, provide a basis for a multidisciplinary approach to unravelling the novel signalling mechanisms that are involved in this disease group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, 8220C MSRB III, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0646, USA.
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44
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Okada M, Fujimaru R, Morimoto N, Satomura K, Kaku Y, Tsuzuki K, Nozu K, Okuyama T, Iijima K. EYA1 and SIX1 gene mutations in Japanese patients with branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome and related conditions. Pediatr Nephrol 2006; 21:475-81. [PMID: 16491411 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-006-0041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2005] [Revised: 10/09/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We isolated genomic DNA from 15 patients with branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome or BOR-related conditions. Seven patients had BOR syndrome (two familial and five sporadic), and eight had deafness and renal malformations without branchial fistula (BOR-related conditions). We analyzed all exons and exon-intron boundaries of EYA1 and SIX1 using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) direct sequencing, and characterized their mutations. In some patients, analysis of mRNA by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was performed to examine whether the mutation affects the mRNA splicing. We identified five novel disease-causing heterozygous EYA1 mutations in five patients with BOR syndrome (two familial and three sporadic, 5/7=71%), but EYA1 and SIX1 mutations were not detected in the other two patients with BOR syndrome or any of the patients with BOR-related conditions. The detected EYA1 mutations were two nonsense mutations, two splicing acceptor-site mutations, and a point mutation (G>T) of the first base of exon 10. Analysis of mRNA by RT-PCR direct sequencing revealed that the latter point mutation led to the skipping of exon 10. In conclusion, (1) EYA1 mutations are a major cause of BOR syndrome in Japanese, (2) EYA1 and SIX1 mutations were not a major cause of BOR-related conditions, (3) we demonstrated for the first time that the point mutation (G>T) of the first base of the exon in EYA1 gene induced exon skipping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Okada
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Wickstead B, Gull K. A "holistic" kinesin phylogeny reveals new kinesin families and predicts protein functions. Mol Biol Cell 2006; 17:1734-43. [PMID: 16481395 PMCID: PMC1415282 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-11-1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin superfamily proteins are ubiquitous to all eukaryotes and essential for several key cellular processes. With the establishment of genome sequence data for a substantial number of eukaryotes, it is now possible for the first time to analyze the complete kinesin repertoires of a diversity of organisms from most eukaryotic kingdoms. Such a "holistic" approach using 486 kinesin-like sequences from 19 eukaryotes and analyzed by Bayesian techniques, identifies three new kinesin families, two new phylum-specific groups, and unites two previously identified families. The paralogue distribution suggests that the eukaryotic cenancestor possessed nearly all kinesin families. However, multiple losses in individual lineages mean that no family is ubiquitous to all organisms and that the present day distribution reflects common biology more than it does common ancestry. In particular, the distribution of four families--Kinesin-2, -9, and the proposed new families Kinesin-16 and -17--correlates with the possession of cilia/flagella, and this can be used to predict a flagellar function for two new kinesin families. Finally, we present a set of hidden Markov models that can reliably place most new kinesin sequences into families, even when from an organism at a great evolutionary distance from those in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Wickstead
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
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