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Jackson EK, Kitsios GD, Lu MY, Schaefer CM, Kessinger CJ, McVerry BJ, Morris A, Macatangay BJC. Suppressed renoprotective purines in COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17353. [PMID: 36253495 PMCID: PMC9574168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22349-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in patients hospitalized for COVID-19, complicating their clinical course and contributing to worse outcomes. Animal studies show that adenosine, inosine and guanosine protect the kidney against some types of AKI. However, until now there was no evidence in patients supporting the possibility that abnormally low kidney levels of adenosine, inosine and guanosine contribute to AKI. Here, we addressed the question as to whether these renoprotective purines are altered in the urine of COVID-19 patients with AKI. Purines were measured by employing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with stable-isotope-labeled internal standards for each purine of interest. Compared with COVID-19 patients without AKI (n = 23), COVID-19 patients with AKI (n = 20) had significantly lower urine levels of adenosine (P < 0.0001), inosine (P = 0.0008), and guanosine (P = 0.0008) (medians reduced by 85%, 48% and 61%, respectively) and lower levels (P = 0.0003; median reduced by 67%) of the 2nd messenger for A2A and A2B adenosine receptors, i.e., 3',5'-cAMP. Moreover, in COVID-19 patients with AKI, urine levels of 8-aminoguanine (endogenous inhibitor of inosine and guanosine metabolism) were nearly abolished (P < 0.0001). In contrast, the "upstream" precursors of renoprotective purines, namely 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP, were not significantly altered in COVID-19 patients with AKI, suggesting defective conversion of these precursors by CD73 (converts 5'-AMP to adenosine and 5'-GMP to guanosine). These findings imply that an imbalance in renoprotective purines may contribute to AKI in COVID-19 patients and that pharmacotherapy targeted to restore levels of renoprotective purines may attenuate the risk of AKI in susceptible patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 100 Technology Drive, Room 514, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
| | - Georgios D Kitsios
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Y Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Caitlin M Schaefer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cathy J Kessinger
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bryan J McVerry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alison Morris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bernard J C Macatangay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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A Novel Anti-CD73 Antibody That Selectively Inhibits Membrane CD73 Shows Antitumor Activity and Induces Tumor Immune Escape. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040825. [PMID: 35453575 PMCID: PMC9031174 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73 catalyzes the conversion of ATP to adenosine, which is involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including tumor immune escape. Because CD73 expression and activity are particularly high on cancer cells and contribute to the immunosuppressive properties of the tumor environment, it is considered an attractive target molecule for specific cancer therapies. In line, several studies demonstrated that CD73 inhibition has a significant antitumor effect. However, complete blocking of CD73 activity can evoke autoimmune phenomena and adverse side effects. We developed a CD73-specific antibody, 22E6, that specifically inhibits the enzymatic activity of membrane-tethered CD73 present in high concentrations on cancer cells and cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles but has no inhibitory effect on soluble CD73. Inhibition of CD73 on tumor cells with 22E6 resulted in multiple effects on tumor cells in vitro, including increased apoptosis and interference with chemoresistance. Intriguingly, in a xenograft mouse model of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 22E6 treatment resulted in an initial tumor growth delay in some animals, followed by a complete loss of CD73 expression on ALL cells in all 22E6 treated animals, indicating tumor immune escape. Taken together, 22E6 shows great potential for cancer therapy, favorably in combination with other drugs.
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Hakovirta H, Jalkanen J, Saimanen E, Kukkonen T, Romsi P, Suominen V, Vikatmaa L, Valtonen M, Karvonen MK, Venermo M. Induction of CD73 prevents death after emergency open aortic surgery for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1839. [PMID: 35115574 PMCID: PMC8813993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality remains high after emergency open surgery for a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA). The aim of the present study was to assess, if intravenous (IV) Interferon (IFN) beta-1a improve survival after surgery by up-regulating Cluster of differentiation (CD73). This is a multi-center phase II double-blind, 2:1 randomized, parallel group comparison of the efficacy and safety of IV IFN beta-1a vs. placebo for the prevention of death after open surgery for an infra-renal RAAA. All study patients presented a confirmed infra-renal RAAA, survived the primary emergency surgery and were treated with IFN beta-1a (10 μg) or matching placebo for 6 days after surgery. Major exclusion criteria included fatal hemorrhagic shock, chronic renal replacement therapy, diagnosed liver cirrhosis, severe congestive heart failure, advanced malignant disease, primary attempt of endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), and per-operative suprarenal clamping over 30 min. Main outcome measure was all-cause mortality at day 30 (D30) from initial emergency aortic reconstruction. The study was pre-maturely stopped due to a reported drug-drug interaction and was left under-powered. Out of 40 randomized patients 38 were included in the outcome analyses (27 IFN beta-1a and 11 placebo). There was no statistically significant difference between treatment groups at baseline except more open-abdomen and intestinal ischemia was present in the IFN beta-1a arm. D30 all-cause mortality was 22.2% (6/27) in the IFN beta-1a arm and 18.2% (2/11) in the placebo arm (OR 1.30; 95% CI 0.21-8.19). The most common adverse event relating to the IFN beta-1a was pyrexia (20.7% in the IFN beta-1a arm vs. 9.1% in the placebo arm). Patients with high level of serum CD73 associated with survival (P = 0.001) whereas the use of glucocorticoids and the presence of IFN beta-1a neutralizing antibodies associated with a poor CD73 response and survival. The initial aim of the trial, if postoperative INF beta-1a treatment results on better RAAA survival, could not be demonstrated. Nonetheless the anticipated target mechanism up-regulation of CD73 was associated with 100% survival. According to present results the INF beta-1a induced up-regulation of serum CD73 was blocked with both use of glucocorticoids and serum IFN beta-1a neutralizing antibodies. The study was pre-maturely stopped due to interim analysis after a study concerning the use if IV IFN beta-1a in ARDS suggested that the concomitant use of glucocorticoids and IFN beta-1a block the CD73 induction. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03119701. Registered 19/04/2017 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri Hakovirta
- Turku University, Kiinanmyllynkatu 4-8, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Satasairaala, Pori, Finland. .,Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | | | - Eija Saimanen
- Department of Surgery, South Karelia Central Hospital, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Tiia Kukkonen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Nova of Central Finland, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Pekka Romsi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Velipekka Suominen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Leena Vikatmaa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Valtonen
- Department of Perioperative Services, Intensive Care and Pain Management, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Maarit Venermo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Role of Purinergic Signalling in Endothelial Dysfunction and Thrombo-Inflammation in Ischaemic Stroke and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070994. [PMID: 34356618 PMCID: PMC8301873 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral endothelium is an active interface between blood and the central nervous system. In addition to being a physical barrier between the blood and the brain, the endothelium also actively regulates metabolic homeostasis, vascular tone and permeability, coagulation, and movement of immune cells. Being part of the blood–brain barrier, endothelial cells of the brain have specialized morphology, physiology, and phenotypes due to their unique microenvironment. Known cardiovascular risk factors facilitate cerebral endothelial dysfunction, leading to impaired vasodilation, an aggravated inflammatory response, as well as increased oxidative stress and vascular proliferation. This culminates in the thrombo-inflammatory response, an underlying cause of ischemic stroke and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). These events are further exacerbated when blood flow is returned to the brain after a period of ischemia, a phenomenon termed ischemia-reperfusion injury. Purinergic signaling is an endogenous molecular pathway in which the enzymes CD39 and CD73 catabolize extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) to adenosine. After ischemia and CSVD, eATP is released from dying neurons as a damage molecule, triggering thrombosis and inflammation. In contrast, adenosine is anti-thrombotic, protects against oxidative stress, and suppresses the immune response. Evidently, therapies that promote adenosine generation or boost CD39 activity at the site of endothelial injury have promising benefits in the context of atherothrombotic stroke and can be extended to current CSVD known pathomechanisms. Here, we have reviewed the rationale and benefits of CD39 and CD39 therapies to treat endothelial dysfunction in the brain.
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Sayegh MN, Cooney KA, Han WM, Wang L, Strobel F, Hansen LM, García AJ, Levit RD. A Hydrogel Strategy to Augment Tissue Adenosine to Improve Hindlimb Perfusion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e314-e324. [PMID: 33882686 PMCID: PMC8159890 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Sayegh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kimberly A. Cooney
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Woojin M. Han
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lanfang Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Laura M. Hansen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andrés J. García
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Rebecca D. Levit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke GJ, Bosch DJ, Leuvenink HG. Molecular Aspects of Volatile Anesthetic-Induced Organ Protection and Its Potential in Kidney Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052727. [PMID: 33800423 PMCID: PMC7962839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable in kidney transplantation and negatively impacts graft and patient outcome. Reperfusion takes place in the recipient and most of the injury following ischemia and reperfusion occurs during this reperfusion phase; therefore, the intra-operative period seems an attractive window of opportunity to modulate IRI and improve short- and potentially long-term graft outcome. Commonly used volatile anesthetics such as sevoflurane and isoflurane have been shown to interfere with many of the pathophysiological processes involved in the injurious cascade of IRI. Therefore, volatile anesthetic (VA) agents might be the preferred anesthetics used during the transplantation procedure. This review highlights the molecular and cellular protective points of engagement of VA shown in in vitro studies and in vivo animal experiments, and the potential translation of these results to the clinical setting of kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrude J. Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-631623075
| | - Dirk J. Bosch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Henri G.D. Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands;
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7
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Paganelli F, Mottola G, Fromonot J, Marlinge M, Deharo P, Guieu R, Ruf J. Hyperhomocysteinemia and Cardiovascular Disease: Is the Adenosinergic System the Missing Link? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1690. [PMID: 33567540 PMCID: PMC7914561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCy) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. HHCy is associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis, and it is an independent risk factor for CVD, stroke and myocardial infarction. However, homocysteine (HCy)-lowering therapy does not affect the inflammatory state of CVD patients, and it has little influence on cardiovascular risk. The HCy degradation product hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a cardioprotector. Previous research proposed a positive role of H2S in the cardiovascular system, and we discuss some recent data suggesting that HHCy worsens CVD by increasing the production of H2S, which decreases the expression of adenosine A2A receptors on the surface of immune and cardiovascular cells to cause inflammation and ischemia, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Paganelli
- C2VN, INSERM, INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (F.P.); (G.M.); (J.F.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
- Department of Cardiology, North Hospital, F-13015 Marseille, France
| | - Giovanna Mottola
- C2VN, INSERM, INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (F.P.); (G.M.); (J.F.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone Hospital, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Fromonot
- C2VN, INSERM, INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (F.P.); (G.M.); (J.F.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone Hospital, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Marion Marlinge
- C2VN, INSERM, INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (F.P.); (G.M.); (J.F.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone Hospital, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Deharo
- C2VN, INSERM, INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (F.P.); (G.M.); (J.F.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
- Department of Cardiology, Timone Hospital, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Régis Guieu
- C2VN, INSERM, INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (F.P.); (G.M.); (J.F.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone Hospital, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Ruf
- C2VN, INSERM, INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France; (F.P.); (G.M.); (J.F.); (M.M.); (P.D.); (R.G.)
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Macatangay BJC, Jackson EK, Abebe KZ, Comer D, Cyktor J, Klamar-Blain C, Borowski L, Gillespie DG, Mellors JW, Rinaldo CR, Riddler SA. A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Pilot Clinical Trial of Dipyridamole to Decrease Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Chronic Inflammation. J Infect Dis 2021; 221:1598-1606. [PMID: 31282542 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine is a potent immunoregulatory nucleoside produced during inflammatory states to limit tissue damage. We hypothesized that dipyridamole, which inhibits cellular adenosine uptake, could raise the extracellular adenosine concentration and dampen chronic inflammation associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1. METHODS Virally suppressed participants receiving antiretroviral therapy were randomized 1:1 for 12 weeks of dipyridamole (100 mg 4 times a day) versus placebo capsules. All participants took open-label dipyridamole during weeks 12-24. Study end points included changes in markers of systemic inflammation (soluble CD163 and CD14, and interleukin 6) and levels of T-cell immune activation (HLA-DR+CD38+). RESULTS Of 40 participants who were randomized, 17 dipyridamole and 18 placebo recipients had baseline and week 12 data available for analyses. There were no significant changes in soluble markers, apart from a trend toward decreased levels of soluble CD163 levels (P = .09). There was a modest decrease in CD8+ T-cell activation (-17.53% change for dipyridamole vs +13.31% for placebo; P = .03), but the significance was lost in the pooled analyses (P = .058). Dipyridamole also reduced CD4+ T-cell activation (-11.11% change; P = .006) in the pooled analyses. In post hoc analysis, detectable plasma dipyridamole levels were associated with higher levels of inosine, an adenosine surrogate, and of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. CONCLUSION Dipyridamole increased extracellular adenosine levels and decreased T-cell activation significantly among persons with HIV-1 infection receiving virally suppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J C Macatangay
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pennsylvania
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Kaleab Z Abebe
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Diane Comer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua Cyktor
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Cynthia Klamar-Blain
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Luann Borowski
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pennsylvania
| | - Delbert G Gillespie
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - John W Mellors
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles R Rinaldo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania
| | - Sharon A Riddler
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pennsylvania
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CD73 Maintains Hepatocyte Metabolic Integrity and Mouse Liver Homeostasis in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:141-157. [PMID: 33516905 PMCID: PMC8082562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Metabolic imbalance and inflammation are common features of chronic liver diseases. Molecular factors controlling these mechanisms represent potential therapeutic targets. CD73 is the major enzyme that dephosphorylates extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to form the anti-inflammatory adenosine. CD73 is expressed on pericentral hepatocytes, which are important for long-term liver homeostasis. We aimed to determine if CD73 has nonredundant hepatoprotective functions. METHODS Liver-specific CD73 knockout (CD73-LKO) mice were generated by targeting the Nt5e gene in hepatocytes. The CD73-LKO mice and hepatocytes were characterized using multiple approaches. RESULTS Deletion of hepatocyte Nt5e resulted in an approximately 70% reduction in total liver CD73 protein (P < .0001). Male and female CD73-LKO mice developed normally during the first 21 weeks without significant liver phenotypes. Between 21 and 42 weeks, the CD73-LKO mice developed spontaneous-onset liver disease, with significant severity in male mice. Middle-aged male CD73-LKO mice showed hepatocyte swelling and ballooning (P < .05), inflammation (P < .01), and variable steatosis. Female CD73-LKO mice had lower serum albumin levels (P < .05) and increased inflammatory genes (P < .01), but did not show the spectrum of histopathologic changes in male mice, potentially owing to compensatory induction of adenosine receptors. Serum analysis and proteomic profiling of hepatocytes from male CD73-LKO mice showed significant metabolic imbalance, with increased blood urea nitrogen (P < .0001) and impairments in major metabolic pathways, including oxidative phosphorylation and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. There was significant hypophosphorylation of AMPK substrates in CD73-LKO livers (P < .0001), while in isolated hepatocytes treated with AMP, soluble CD73 induced AMPK activation (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Hepatocyte CD73 supports long-term metabolic liver homeostasis through AMPK in a sex-dependent manner. These findings have implications for human liver diseases marked by CD73 dysregulation.
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10
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Potential Therapeutic Role of Purinergic Receptors in Cardiovascular Disease Mediated by SARS-CoV-2. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8632048. [PMID: 33299899 PMCID: PMC7709498 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8632048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes pulmonary and cardiovascular disorders and has become a worldwide emergency. Myocardial injury can be caused by direct or indirect damage, particularly mediated by a cytokine storm, a disordered immune response that can cause myocarditis, abnormal coagulation, arrhythmia, acute coronary syndrome, and myocardial infarction. The present review focuses on the mechanisms of this viral infection, cardiac biomarkers, consequences, and the possible therapeutic role of purinergic and adenosinergic signalling systems. In particular, we focus on the interaction of the extracellular nucleotide adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with its receptors P2X1, P2X4, P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y2 and of adenosine (Ado) with A2A and A3 receptors, as well as their roles in host immune responses. We suggest that receptors of purinergic signalling could be ideal candidates for pharmacological targeting to protect against myocardial injury caused by a cytokine storm in COVID-19, in order to reduce systemic inflammatory damage to cells and tissues, preventing the progression of the disease by modulating the immune response and improving patient quality of life.
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11
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Ulker P, Ozkan O, Amoroso M, Aslan M, Bassorgun I, Ubur MC, Ünal K, Ozcan F, Ozkan O. Does ischemic preconditioning increase flap survival by ADORA2B receptor activation? Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 75:151-162. [PMID: 31985456 DOI: 10.3233/ch-190730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is defined as raising tolerance to subsequent ischemic stress by exposing tissues to sub-lethal ischemia. Although many candidates have been suggested, recent studies have clearly demonstrated that adenosine-mediated ADORA2B receptor (ADORA2BR) activation is the main mechanism involved in IPC. While the tissue-protective role of this mechanism has been demonstrated in different ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models, its role in flap surgery-derived I/R damage has not to date been investigated. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of adenosine and ADORA2BR activation in IPC-mediated tissue protection in an epigastric flap model. METHODS Animals were divided into five main groups, all of which were then divided into two subgroups depending on whether or not they were exposed to IPC before the I/R procedure, which consisted of 6 hours of ischemia and 6 days of reperfusion. No drugs were administered in Group 1 (the control group). Animals in Group 2 were pretreated with CD73-inhibitor before IPC application or the ischemic period. Animals in Group 3 were pretreated with adenosine. Animals in Group 4 were pretreated with an ADORA2BR antagonist, and those in Group 5 with an ADORA2BR agonist. After 6 days of reperfusion, tissue survival was evaluated via histological and macroscopic analysis. RESULTS IPC application significantly enhanced CD73 expressions and adenosine concentrations (p < 0.01). Flap survivals were increased by IPC in Group 1 (p < 0.05). However, CD73 inhibition blocked this increase (Group 2). In Group 3, adenosine improved flap survival even in the absence of IPC (p < 0.01). While an ADORA2BR antagonist attenuated the tissue-protective effect of IPC (p < 0.01), the ADORA2BR agonist improved flap survival by mimicking IPC in groups 4 and 5. CONCLUSION These results provide pharmacological evidence for a contribution of CD73 enzyme-dependent adenosine generation and signaling through ADORA2BR to IPC-mediated tissue protection. They also suggest for the first time that ADORA2BR agonists may be used as a potential preventive therapy against I/R injury in flap surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Ulker
- Department of Physiology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozlenen Ozkan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Matteo Amoroso
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Gothenburg, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Can Ubur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Kerim Ünal
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Filiz Ozcan
- Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Omer Ozkan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Liu XH, Wu XR, Lan N, Zheng XB, Zhou C, Hu T, Chen YF, Cai ZR, Chen ZX, Lan P, Wu XJ. CD73 promotes colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1221-1230. [PMID: 32724362 PMCID: PMC7377052 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a higher risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of CD73 in IBD-associated tumorigenesis. A mouse model of colitis-associated tumorigenesis (CAT) induced by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium was successfully constructed. Model mice were injected with CD73 inhibitor or adenosine receptor agonist. Colon length, body weight loss and tumor formation were assessed macroscopically. Inflammatory cytokine measurement and RNA sequencing on colon tissues were performed. Inhibition of CD73 by adenosine 5′-(α,β-methylene) diphosphate (APCP) suppressed the severity of CAT with attenuated weight loss, longer colons, lower tumor number and smaller tumor size compared with the model group. Activation of adenosine receptors using 1-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-N-ethyl-β-D-ribofuranuronamide (NECA) exacerbated CAT. Histological assessment indicated that inhibition of CD73 reduced, while activation of adenosine receptors exacerbated, the histological damage of the colon. Increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) in colonic tissue was detected in the NECA group. According to RNA sequencing results, potential oncogenes such as arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), Bcl-2-like protein 15 (Bcl2l15) and N-acetylaspartate synthetase (Nat8l) were downregulated in the APCP group and upregulated in the NECA group compared with the model group. Therefore, inhibition of CD73 attenuated IBD-associated tumorigenesis, while activation of adenosine receptors exacerbated tumorigenesis in a C57BL/6J mouse model. This effect may be associated with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the regulation of ALOX15, Bcl2l15 and Nat8l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Hui Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Xian-Rui Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Nan Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bin Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Tuo Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Rong Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Ze-Xian Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China.,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
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13
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Conversion of extracellular ATP into adenosine: a master switch in renal health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 16:509-524. [PMID: 32641760 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-0304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP and its ultimate degradation product adenosine are potent extracellular signalling molecules that elicit a variety of pathophysiological functions in the kidney through the activation of P2 and P1 purinergic receptors, respectively. Extracellular purines can modulate immune responses, balancing inflammatory processes and immunosuppression; indeed, alterations in extracellular nucleotide and adenosine signalling determine outcomes of inflammation and healing processes. The functional activities of ectonucleotidases such as CD39 and CD73, which hydrolyse pro-inflammatory ATP to generate immunosuppressive adenosine, are therefore pivotal in acute inflammation. Protracted inflammation may result in aberrant adenosinergic signalling, which serves to sustain inflammasome activation and worsen fibrotic reactions. Alterations in the expression of ectonucleotidases on various immune cells, such as regulatory T cells and macrophages, as well as components of the renal vasculature, control purinergic receptor-mediated effects on target tissues within the kidney. The role of CD39 as a rheostat that can have an impact on purinergic signalling in both acute and chronic inflammation is increasingly supported by the literature, as detailed in this Review. Better understanding of these purinergic processes and development of novel drugs targeting these pathways could lead to effective therapies for the management of acute and chronic kidney disease.
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14
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de Leve S, Wirsdörfer F, Jendrossek V. The CD73/Ado System-A New Player in RT Induced Adverse Late Effects. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101578. [PMID: 31623231 PMCID: PMC6827091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a central component of standard treatment for many cancer patients. RT alone or in multimodal treatment strategies has a documented contribution to enhanced local control and overall survival of cancer patients, and cancer cure. Clinical RT aims at maximizing tumor control, while minimizing the risk for RT-induced adverse late effects. However, acute and late toxicities of IR in normal tissues are still important biological barriers to successful RT: While curative RT may not be tolerable, sub-optimal tolerable RT doses will lead to fatal outcomes by local recurrence or metastatic disease, even when accepting adverse normal tissue effects that decrease the quality of life of irradiated cancer patients. Technical improvements in treatment planning and the increasing use of particle therapy have allowed for a more accurate delivery of IR to the tumor volume and have thereby helped to improve the safety profile of RT for many solid tumors. With these technical and physical strategies reaching their natural limits, current research for improving the therapeutic gain of RT focuses on innovative biological concepts that either selectively limit the adverse effects of RT in normal tissues without protecting the tumor or specifically increase the radiosensitivity of the tumor tissue without enhancing the risk of normal tissue complications. The biology-based optimization of RT requires the identification of biological factors that are linked to differential radiosensitivity of normal or tumor tissues, and are amenable to therapeutic targeting. Extracellular adenosine is an endogenous mediator critical to the maintenance of homeostasis in various tissues. Adenosine is either released from stressed or injured cells or generated from extracellular adenine nucleotides by the concerted action of the ectoenzymes ectoapyrase (CD39) and 5′ ectonucleotidase (NT5E, CD73) that catabolize ATP to adenosine. Recent work revealed a role of the immunoregulatory CD73/adenosine system in radiation-induced fibrotic disease in normal tissues suggesting a potential use as novel therapeutic target for normal tissue protection. The present review summarizes relevant findings on the pathologic roles of CD73 and adenosine in radiation-induced fibrosis in different organs (lung, skin, gut, and kidney) that have been obtained in preclinical models and proposes a refined model of radiation-induced normal tissue toxicity including the disease-promoting effects of radiation-induced activation of CD73/adenosine signaling in the irradiated tissue environment. However, expression and activity of the CD73/adenosine system in the tumor environment has also been linked to increased tumor growth and tumor immune escape, at least in preclinical models. Therefore, we will discuss the use of pharmacologic inhibition of CD73/adenosine-signaling as a promising strategy for improving the therapeutic gain of RT by targeting both, malignant tumor growth and adverse late effects of RT with a focus on fibrotic disease. The consideration of the therapeutic window is particularly important in view of the increasing use of RT in combination with various molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapy to enhance the tumor radiation response, as such combinations may result in increased or novel toxicities, as well as the increasing number of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Leve
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Florian Wirsdörfer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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15
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Perry HM, Görldt N, Sung SSJ, Huang L, Rudnicka KP, Encarnacion IM, Bajwa A, Tanaka S, Poudel N, Yao J, Rosin DL, Schrader J, Okusa MD. Perivascular CD73 + cells attenuate inflammation and interstitial fibrosis in the kidney microenvironment. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F658-F669. [PMID: 31364375 PMCID: PMC6766625 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00243.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis may occur after acute kidney injury due to persistent inflammation. Purinergic signaling by 5'-ectonucleotidase, CD73, an enzyme that converts AMP to adenosine on the extracellular surface, can suppress inflammation. The role of CD73 in progressive kidney fibrosis has not been elucidated. We evaluated the effect of deletion of CD73 from kidney perivascular cells (including pericytes and/or fibroblasts of the Foxd1+ lineage) on fibrosis. Perivascular cell expression of CD73 was necessary to suppress inflammation and prevent kidney fibrosis in Foxd1CreCD73fl/fl mice evaluated 14 days after unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury or folic acid treatment (250 mg/kg). Kidneys of Foxd1CreCD73fl/fl mice had greater collagen deposition, expression of proinflammatory markers (including various macrophage markers), and platelet-derived growth factor recepetor-β immunoreactivity than CD73fl/fl mice. Kidney dysfunction and fibrosis were rescued by administration of soluble CD73 or by macrophage deletion. Isolated CD73-/- kidney pericytes displayed an activated phenotype (increased proliferation and α-smooth muscle actin mRNA expression) compared with wild-type controls. In conclusion, CD73 in perivascular cells may act to suppress myofibroblast transformation and influence macrophages to promote a wound healing response. These results suggest that the purinergic signaling pathway in the kidney interstitial microenvironment orchestrates perivascular cells and macrophages to suppress inflammation and prevent progressive fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- 5'-Nucleotidase/deficiency
- 5'-Nucleotidase/genetics
- 5'-Nucleotidase/metabolism
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Microenvironment
- Collagen/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- GPI-Linked Proteins/deficiency
- GPI-Linked Proteins/genetics
- GPI-Linked Proteins/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Kidney/immunology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nephritis, Interstitial/genetics
- Nephritis, Interstitial/immunology
- Nephritis, Interstitial/metabolism
- Nephritis, Interstitial/pathology
- Pericytes/metabolism
- Pericytes/pathology
- Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Reperfusion Injury/immunology
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Wound Healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Perry
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nicole Görldt
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sun-Sang J Sung
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kinga P Rudnicka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Iain M Encarnacion
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Amandeep Bajwa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shinji Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Nabin Poudel
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Junlan Yao
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Diane L Rosin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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16
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Milic J, Tian Y, Bernhagen J. Role of the COP9 Signalosome (CSN) in Cardiovascular Diseases. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060217. [PMID: 31195722 PMCID: PMC6628250 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex, consisting of eight subunits termed CSN1-CSN8. The main biochemical function of the CSN is the control of protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome-system through regulation of cullin-RING E3-ligase (CRL) activity by deNEDDylation of cullins, but the CSN also serves as a docking platform for signaling proteins. The catalytic deNEDDylase (isopeptidase) activity of the complex is executed by CSN5, but only efficiently occurs in the three-dimensional architectural context of the complex. Due to its positioning in a central cellular pathway connected to cell responses such as cell-cycle, proliferation, and signaling, the CSN has been implicated in several human diseases, with most evidence available for a role in cancer. However, emerging evidence also suggests that the CSN is involved in inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. This is both due to its role in controlling CRLs, regulating components of key inflammatory pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and complex-independent interactions of subunits such as CSN5 with inflammatory proteins. In this case, we summarize and discuss studies suggesting that the CSN may have a key role in cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure. We discuss the implicated molecular mechanisms ranging from inflammatory NF-κB signaling to proteotoxicity and necrosis, covering disease-relevant cell types such as myeloid and endothelial cells or cardiomyocytes. While the CSN is considered to be disease-exacerbating in most cancer entities, the cardiovascular studies suggest potent protective activities in the vasculature and heart. The underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues will be critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Milic
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Chair of Vascular Biology, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
- Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany.
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17
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Huang Y, Gu Z, Fan Y, Zhai G, Zhao X, Sun Q, Shi Y, Lin G. Inhibition of the adenosinergic pathway: the indispensable part of oncological therapy in the future. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:53-67. [PMID: 30809739 PMCID: PMC6439062 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immunotherapy has produced many unexpected breakthroughs in oncological therapy; however, it still has many deficiencies. For example, the number of patients who are unresponsive to anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), anti-cytotoxic T-like antigen-4 (CTLA4), and anti-programmed death-1 (PD1) therapies cannot be ignored, and the search for an undiscovered immunosuppressive pathway is imminent. Five decades ago, researchers found that activation of the adenosinergic pathway was negatively correlated with prognosis in many cancers. This review describes the entire process of the adenosinergic pathway in the tumor microenvironment and the mechanism of immunosuppression, which promotes tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Additionally, the review explores factors that regulate this pathway, including signaling factors secreted by the tumor microenvironment and certain anti-tumor drugs. Additionally, the combination of adenosinergic pathway inhibitors with chemotherapy, checkpoint blockade therapy, and immune cell-based therapy is summarized. Finally, certain issues regarding treatment via inhibition of this pathway and the use of targeted nanoparticles to reduce adverse reactions in patients are put forward in this review. Graphical Abstract The inhibitors of adenosinergic pathway loaded nanoparticles enter tumor tissue through EPR effect, and inhibit adenosinergic pathway to enhance or restore the effect of immune checkpoint blockade therapy, chemotherapies and immune cell-based therapy. Note: EPR means enhanced penetration and retention, × means blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zili Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Shi
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Guimei Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Zhou Q, Gong X, Kuang G, Jiang R, Xie T, Tie H, Chen X, Li K, Wan J, Wang B. Ferulic Acid Protected from Kidney Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice: Possible Mechanism Through Increasing Adenosine Generation via HIF-1α. Inflammation 2019; 41:2068-2078. [PMID: 30143933 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA), derived from fruits and vegetables, is well-known as a potent antioxidant of scavenging free radicals. However, the role and underlying mechanism of FA on kidney ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury are limited. Here, we explored the effects of FA on kidney I/R injury. The kidney I/R injury models were carried out by clamping bilateral pedicles for 35 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Mice were orally pretreated with different doses of FA for three times 24 h before I/R. The renal function was assessed by serum creatine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Kidney histology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidly transferased UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Proinflammatory cytokines, caspase-3 activity, adenosine generation, adenosine signaling molecules, and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) were also detected, respectively. The siHIF-1α adenovirus vectors were in vivo used to inhibit the expression of HIF-1α. The results showed that FA significantly attenuated kidney damage in renal I/R-operated mice as indicated by reducing levels of Scr and BUN, ameliorating renal pathological structural changes, and tubular cells apoptosis. Moreover, FA pretreatment inhibited I/R-induced renal proinflammatory cytokines and neutrophils recruitment. Interestingly, the levels of HIF-α, CD39, and CD73 mRNA and protein as well as adenosine production were all significantly increased after FA pretreatment in the kidney of I/R-performed mice, and inhibiting HIF-α expression using siRNA abolished this protection of FA on I/R-induced acute kidney injury as evidenced by more severe renal damage and reduced adenosine production. Our findings indicated that FA protected against kidney I/R injury by reducing apoptosis, alleviating inflammation, increasing adenosine generation, and upregulating CD39 and CD73 expression, which might be mediated by HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ge Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Tianjun Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - HongTao Tie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - XiaHong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - JingYuan Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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19
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Infant cardiopulmonary bypass: CD73 kinetics, association with clinical outcomes, and influence on serum adenosine production capacity. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:858-865. [PMID: 29278640 PMCID: PMC5935543 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundExtracellular adenine nucleotides contribute to ischemia-reperfusion injury following infant cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), whereas conversion to adenosine may be protective. Alkaline phosphatase (AP), a key enzyme responsible for this conversion, decreases after infant CPB. Indirect evidence suggests that soluble CD73 may simultaneously increase and partially offset this loss of AP. We sought to measure CD73 levels in infants undergoing CPB and determine its association with adenosine production capacity and postoperative support requirements.MethodsA prospective cohort study of infants ≤120 days of age undergoing CPB. CD73 was measured before CPB and during rewarming. Multivariable modeling evaluated the contributions of CD73/AP to adenosine production capacity and postoperative support requirements.ResultsSerum samples from 85 subjects were analyzed. The median CD73 concentration increased following CPB (95.2 vs. 179.8 ng/ml; P<0.0001). Rewarming CD73 was independently inversely associated with vasoactive inotropic support (P<0.005) and length of intensive care unit stay (P<0.005). Combined AP activity and CD73 concentration predicted adenosine production capacity (P<0.0001).ConclusionsSerum CD73 increases following infant CPB. Low rewarming CD73 is independently associated with increased postoperative support requirements. CD73 and AP together predict serum adenosine production capacity and may represent potential therapeutic targets to clear extracellular adenine nucleotides and improve outcomes following infant CPB.
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20
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Abstract
Background-free fluorine (19F) MR imaging exhibits an excellent degree of specificity, and facilitates among others the in vivo visualization of inflammatory processes. Merging19F MR images with morphologically matching1H MR images enables the exact anatomic localization of the observed19F signal. Biochemically inert nanoemulsions of perfluorocarbons, which are known to be taken up by the macrophage/monocyte system, are widely used as contrast agents for preclinical applications. Herein, the most common protocols are described to obtain high-resolution and artifact-free19F MR images even for compounds with complex19F MR spectra. In addition, we report on the utilization of perfluorocarbons with individual spectral identities and targeting approaches to specifically visualize thrombi by19F MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Güden-Silber
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Jacoby
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Ojo OA, Ojo AB, Osukoya OA, Ajiboye BO. Aqueous Extract of Carica Papaya Linn Roots Halts Sodium Arsenite-Induced Renal Inflammation through Inhibiting Adenosine Deaminase, 8-Hydroxy-2′-Deoxyguanosine, C-Reactive Protein and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/sjecr-2017-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives: Inflammation plays a crucial role in many of the metabolic abnormalities. The prototypic marker of inflammation is C-reactive protein (CRP), Nitric Oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and their inhibition is considered a promising strategy to combat inflammation. Here, we report the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Carica papaya root aqueous extract in sodium arsenic-induced renal dysfunction.
Methodology: Thirty-five rats were used for the experiments. Griess assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Carica papaya roots aqueous extract on the overproduction of nitric oxide (NO). ELISA was used to determine the level of pro-inflammatory markers including c-reactive protein (CRP). ELISA was used to analyze 8-OHdG. The inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), adenosine deaminase (ADA), malondialdehyde (MDA) was tested by enzyme activity assay kits.
Results:
Carica papaya roots aqueous extract suppressed sodium arsenite-stimulated NO production and proinflammatory secretion, such as CRP. Carica papaya roots aqueous extract significantly (p < 0.05) decrease the activities of iNOS, 8-OHdG, ADA and MDA.
Conclusion: These results indicated that potent inhibition on CRP, NO, iNOS, ADA, 8-OHdG might constitute the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Carica papaya roots aqueous extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Adeleke Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Diabetes Research Group, Department of Biochemistry , Afe Babalola University , Ado-Ekiti , Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Adebola Busola Ojo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry , Afe Babalola University , Ado-Ekiti , Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Adetutu Osukoya
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Diabetes Research Group, Department of Biochemistry , Afe Babalola University , Ado-Ekiti , Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Diabetes Research Group, Department of Biochemistry , Afe Babalola University , Ado-Ekiti , Ekiti State, Nigeria
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22
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Cho K, Min SI, Ahn S, Min SK, Ahn C, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Cho JY, Ha J. Integrative Analysis of Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Mice. J Proteome Res 2017. [PMID: 28627174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is a strategy to induce resistance in a target organ against the oxidative stress and injury caused by ischemia and reperfusion (IR). RIPC harnesses the body's endogenous protective capabilities through brief episodes of IR applied in organs remote from the target. Few studies have analyzed this phenomenon in the kidney. Furthermore, the window of protection representing RIPC efficacy has not been fully elucidated. Here, we performed a multiomics study to specify those associated with protective effects of RIPC against the IR injury. A total of 30 mice were divided to four groups: sham, IR only, late RIPC + IR, and early RIPC + IR. We found that IR clearly led to tubular injury, whereas both preconditioning groups exhibited attenuated injury after the insult. In addition, renal IR injury produced changes of the metabolome in kidney, serum, and urine specimens. Furthermore, distinctive mRNA and associated protein expression changes supported potential mechanisms. Our findings revealed that RIPC effectively reduces renal damage after IR and that the potential mechanisms differed between the two time windows of protection. These results may potentially be extended to humans to allow non- or minimally invasive diagnosis of renal IR injury and RIPC efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumsun Cho
- Metabolomics Medical Research Center (MMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Il Min
- Metabolomics Medical Research Center (MMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ahn
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Kee Min
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Metabolomics Medical Research Center (MMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Metabolomics Medical Research Center (MMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Metabolomics Medical Research Center (MMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Ha
- Metabolomics Medical Research Center (MMRC), Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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23
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Chisci E, De Giorgi M, Zanfrini E, Testasecca A, Brambilla E, Cinti A, Farina L, Kutryb-Zajac B, Bugarin C, Villa C, Grassilli E, Combi R, Gaipa G, Cerrito MG, Rivolta I, Smolenski RT, Lavitrano M, Giovannoni R. Simultaneous overexpression of human E5NT and ENTPD1 protects porcine endothelial cells against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:320-333. [PMID: 28389406 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and oxidative stress still limit the survival of cells and organs in xenotransplantation models. Ectonucleotidases play an important role in inflammation and IRI in transplantation settings. We tested the potential protective effects derived by the co-expression of the two main vascular ectonucleotidases, ecto-5'-nucleotidase (E5NT) and ecto nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1), in an in vitro model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. We produced a dicistronic plasmid (named pCX-DI-2A) for the co-expression of human E5NT and ENTPD1 by using the F2A technology. pCX-DI-2A-transfected porcine endothelial cells simultaneously overexpressed hE5NT and hENTPD1, which were correctly processed and localized on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, such co-expression system led to the synergistic enzymatic activity of hE5NT and hENTPD1 as shown by the efficient catabolism of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic extracellular adenine nucleotides along with the enhanced production of the anti-inflammatory molecule adenosine. Interestingly, we found that the hE5NT/hENTPD1 co-expression system conferred protection to cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. pCX-DI-2A-transfected cells showed reduced activation of caspase 3/7 and cytotoxicity than mock-, hE5NT- and hENTPD1-transfected cells. Furthermore, pCX-DI-2A-transfected cells showed decreased H2O2-induced production of ROS as compared to the other control cell lines. The cytoprotective phenotype observed in pCX-DI-2A-transfected cells was associated with higher detoxifying activity of catalase as well as increased activation of the survival signaling molecules Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Our data add new insights to the protective effects of the combination of hE5NT and hENTPD1 against oxidative stress and constitute a proof of concept for testing this new genetic combination in pig-to-non-human primates xenotransplantation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Chisci
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Marco De Giorgi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy; Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Elisa Zanfrini
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Angela Testasecca
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Elena Brambilla
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cinti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Laura Farina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Barbara Kutryb-Zajac
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 1, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Cristina Bugarin
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Grassilli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Romina Combi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- M. Tettamanti Research Center, Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cerrito
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rivolta
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
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24
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Jackson EK, Kotermanski SE, Menshikova EV, Dubey RK, Jackson TC, Kochanek PM. Adenosine production by brain cells. J Neurochem 2017; 141:676-693. [PMID: 28294336 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The early release of adenosine following traumatic brain injury (TBI) suppresses seizures and brain inflammation; thus, it is important to elucidate the cellular sources of adenosine following injurious stimuli triggered by TBI so that therapeutics for enhancing the early adenosine-release response can be optimized. Using mass spectrometry with 13 C-labeled standards, we investigated in cultured rat neurons, astrocytes, and microglia the effects of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD; models energy failure), H2 O2 (produces oxidative stress), and glutamate (induces excitotoxicity) on intracellular and extracellular levels of 5'-AMP (adenosine precursor), adenosine, and inosine and hypoxanthine (adenosine metabolites). In neurons, OGD triggered increases in intracellular 5'-AMP (2.8-fold), adenosine (2.6-fold), inosine (2.2-fold), and hypoxanthine (5.3-fold) and extracellular 5'-AMP (2.2-fold), adenosine (2.4-fold), and hypoxanthine (2.5-fold). In neurons, H2 O2 did not affect intracellular or extracellular purines; yet, glutamate increased intracellular adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine (1.7-fold, 1.7-fold, and 1.6-fold, respectively) and extracellular adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine (2.9-fold, 2.1-fold, and 1.6-fold, respectively). In astrocytes, neither H2 O2 nor glutamate affected intracellular or extracellular purines, and OGD only slightly increased intracellular and extracellular hypoxanthine. Microglia were unresponsive to OGD and glutamate, but were remarkably responsive to H2 O2 , which increased intracellular 5'-AMP (1.6-fold), adenosine (1.6-fold), inosine (2.1-fold), and hypoxanthine (1.6-fold) and extracellular 5'-AMP (5.9-fold), adenosine (4.0-fold), inosine (4.3-fold), and hypoxanthine (1.9-fold). CONCLUSION Under these particular experimental conditions, cultured neurons are the main contributors to adenosine production/release in response to OGD and glutamate, whereas cultured microglia are the main contributors upon oxidative stress. Developing therapeutics that recruit astrocytes to produce/release adenosine could have beneficial effects in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shawn E Kotermanski
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth V Menshikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Raghvendra K Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Travis C Jackson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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25
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Akinyemi AJ, Onyebueke N, Faboya OA, Onikanni SA, Fadaka A, Olayide I. Curcumin inhibits adenosine deaminase and arginase activities in cadmium-induced renal toxicity in rat kidney. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:438-446. [PMID: 28911688 PMCID: PMC9332529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of enzymes involved in degradation of renal adenosine and l-arginine was investigated in rats exposed to cadmium (Cd) and treated with curcumin, the principal active phytochemical in turmeric rhizome. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6): saline/vehicle, saline/curcumin 12.5 mg/kg, saline/curcumin 25 mg/kg, Cd/vehicle, Cd/curcumin 12.5 mg/kg, and Cd/curcumin 25 mg/kg. The results of this study revealed that the activities of renal adenosine deaminase and arginase were significantly increased in Cd-treated rats when compared with the control (p < 0.05). However, co-treatment with curcumin inhibits the activities of these enzymes compared with Cd-treated rats. Furthermore, Cd intoxication increased the levels of some renal biomarkers (serum urea, creatinine, and electrolytes) and malondialdehyde level with a concomitant decrease in functional sulfhydryl group and nitric oxide (NO). However, co-treatment with curcumin at 12.5 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively, increases the nonenzymatic antioxidant status and NO in the kidney, with a concomitant decrease in the levels of malondialdehyde and renal biomarkers. Therefore, our results reinforce the importance of adenosine deaminase and arginase activities in Cd poisoning conditions and suggest some possible mechanisms of action by which curcumin prevent Cd-induced renal toxicity in rats.
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26
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Sung SSJ, Li L, Huang L, Lawler J, Ye H, Rosin DL, Vincent IS, Le TH, Yu J, Görldt N, Schrader J, Okusa MD. Proximal Tubule CD73 Is Critical in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Protection. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:888-902. [PMID: 27628903 PMCID: PMC5328157 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
CD73-derived adenosine plays an anti-inflammatory role in various organs. However, its role in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is controversial. We targeted CD73 mutant mice to determine the function of CD73 expressed by various renal cell types under mild IRI conditions. Mice with CD73 deletion in proximal tubules exhibited exacerbated IRI, comparable with that of CD73-/- mice compared with WT mice. Mice with CD73 deletions in other cell types, including cortical type 1 fibroblast-like cells, mesangial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, showed small or no increases in injury above control mice when subjected to threshold levels of ischemia. Results from adoptive transfer experiments between WT and CD73-/- mice and pharmacologic studies modulating enzymatic activity of CD73 and extracellular adenosine levels supported a critical role of adenosine generated by proximal tubule CD73 expression in abrogating IRI. Renal adenosine levels were lower before and after ischemia in CD73-deficient mice. However, reduction in total acid-extractable renal adenosine levels was inadequate to explain the marked difference in kidney injury in these CD73-deficient mice. Furthermore, CD73 inhibition and enzyme replacement studies showed no change in total kidney adenosine levels in treated mice compared with vehicle-treated controls. Protection from IRI in neutrophil-depleted WT recipients was sustained by repopulation with bone marrow neutrophils from WT mice but not by those lacking adenosine 2a receptors (from Adora2a-/- mice). These data support the thesis that local adenosine generated by cells at the injury site is critical for protection from IRI through bone marrow-derived adenosine 2a receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Sang J Sung
- Division of Nephrology and
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Li Li
- Division of Nephrology and
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Liping Huang
- Division of Nephrology and
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Jessica Lawler
- Division of Nephrology and
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Hong Ye
- Division of Nephrology and
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Diane L Rosin
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
- Departments of Pharmacology and
| | - Issah S Vincent
- Division of Nephrology and
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Thu H Le
- Division of Nephrology and
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
| | - Jing Yu
- Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Nicole Görldt
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Mark D Okusa
- Division of Nephrology and
- Center for Immunity, Inflammation, and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine and
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27
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Choi K, Shim J, Ko N, Eom H, Kim J, Lee JW, Jin DI, Kim H. Production of heterozygous alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) knock-out transgenic miniature pigs expressing human CD39. Transgenic Res 2016; 26:209-224. [PMID: 27830476 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-016-9996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Production of transgenic pigs for use as xenotransplant donors is a solution to the severe shortage of human organs for transplantation. The first barrier to successful xenotransplantation is hyperacute rejection, a rapid, massive humoral immune response directed against the pig carbohydrate GGTA1 epitope. Platelet activation, adherence, and clumping, all major features of thrombotic microangiopathy, are inevitable results of immune-mediated transplant rejection. Human CD39 rapidly hydrolyzes ATP and ADP to AMP; AMP is hydrolyzed by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) to adenosine, an anti-thrombotic and cardiovascular protective mediator. In this study, we developed a vector-based strategy for ablation of GGTA1 function and concurrent expression of human CD39 (hCD39). An hCD39 expression cassette was constructed to target exon 4 of GGTA1. We established heterozygous GGTA1 knock-out cell lines expressing hCD39 from pig ear fibroblasts for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We also described production of heterozygous GGTA1 knock-out piglets expressing hCD39 and analyzed expression and function of the transgene. Human CD39 was expressed in heart, kidney and aorta. Human CD39 knock-in heterozygous ear fibroblast from transgenic cloned pigs, but not in non-transgenic pig's cells. Expression of GGTA1 gene was lower in the knock-in heterozygous ear fibroblast from transgenic pigs compared to the non-transgenic pig's cell. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the transgenic pigs were more resistant to lysis by pooled complement-preserved normal human serum than that from wild type (WT) pig. Accordingly, GGTA1 mutated piglets expressing hCD39 will provide a new organ source for xenotransplantation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimyung Choi
- Optipharm Inc., 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Shim
- Optipharm Inc., 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Ko
- Optipharm Inc., 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejong Eom
- Optipharm Inc., 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Kim
- Optipharm Inc., 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Lee
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Il Jin
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunil Kim
- Optipharm Inc., 63, Osongsaengmyeong 6-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic tissue injury contributes to significant morbidity and mortality and is implicated in a range of pathologic conditions, including but not limited to myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and acute kidney injury. The associated reperfusion phase is responsible for the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, further accentuating inflammation. Adenosine triphosphate molecule has been implicated in various ischemic conditions, including stroke and myocardial infarction. STUDY SELECTION Adenosine triphosphate is a well-defined intracellular energy transfer and is commonly referred to as the body's "energy currency." However, Laboratory studies have demonstrated that extracellular adenosine triphosphate has the ability to initiate inflammation and is therefore referred to as a damage-associated molecular pattern. Purinergic receptors-dependent signaling, proinflammatory cytokine release, increased Ca influx into cells, and subsequent apoptosis have been shown to form a common underlying extracellular adenosine triphosphate molecular mechanism in ischemic organ injury. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we aim to discuss the molecular mechanisms behind adenosine triphosphate-mediated ischemic tissue injury and evaluate the role of extracellular adenosine triphosphate in ischemic injury in specific organs, in order to provide a greater understanding of the pathophysiology of this complex process. We also appraise potential future therapeutic strategies to limit damage in various organs, including the heart, brain, kidneys, and lungs.
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29
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Sun Y, Huang P. Adenosine A2B Receptor: From Cell Biology to Human Diseases. Front Chem 2016; 4:37. [PMID: 27606311 PMCID: PMC4995213 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2016.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine is a ubiquitous signaling molecule that modulates a wide array of biological processes. Recently, significant advances have been made in our understanding of A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR). In this review, we first summarize some of the general characteristics of A2BAR, and then we describe the multiple binding partners of the receptor, such as newly identified α-actinin-1 and p105, and discuss how these associated proteins could modulate A2BAR's functions, including certain seemingly paradoxical functions of the receptor. Growing evidence indicates a critical role of A2BAR in cancer, renal disease, and diabetes, in addition to its importance in the regulation of vascular diseases, and lung disease. Here, we also discuss the role of A2BAR in cancer, renal disease, and diabetes and the potential of the receptor as a target for treating these three diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Department of Biology, South University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, South University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen, China
| | - Pingbo Huang
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong, China; Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong, China
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30
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Allard D, Allard B, Gaudreau PO, Chrobak P, Stagg J. CD73-adenosine: a next-generation target in immuno-oncology. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:145-63. [PMID: 26808918 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has entered in a new era with the development of first-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways. In this context, considerable research effort is being deployed to find the next generation of cancer immunotherapeutics. The CD73-adenosine axis constitutes one of the most promising pathways in immuno-oncology. We and others have demonstrated the immunosuppressive role of CD73-adenosine in cancer and established proof-of-concept that the targeted blockade of CD73 or adenosine receptors could effectively promote anti-tumor immunity and enhance the activity of first-generation immune checkpoint blockers. With Phase I clinical trials now underway evaluating anti-CD73 or anti-A2A therapies in cancer patients, we here discuss the fundamental, preclinical and clinical findings related to the role of the CD73-adenosinergic pathway in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pavel Chrobak
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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31
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Jalkanen J, Maksimow M, Jalkanen S, Hakovirta H. Hypoxia-induced inflammation and purinergic signaling in cross clamping the human aorta. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:2. [PMID: 26759741 PMCID: PMC4700025 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Open aortic surgery evokes a systemic inflammatory response and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Purinergic signaling has been shown to be crucial for maintaining vascular integrity and attenuating inflammation related to hypoxia. The involvement of purinergic signaling in cross clamping of major human arteries is unknown. Our aim was to compare systemic inflammatory responses and hypoxia-induced purinergic signaling in patients undergoing either open infra-renal abdominal aortic repair or infra-inguinal revascularization. Pre- and 24 h post-operative blood samples were gathered from 6 patients undergoing aortic clamping and 6 similar patients undergoing common femoral artery cross-clamping. Using Biorad Multipex™ 21- and 27-panels 48 different cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were analyzed, in addition to circulating levels of ATP, ADP, CD39, CD73 and HIF-1α, and compared between the groups. Several inflammatory cytokines were elevated from baseline levels after aortic clamping, but not after femoral cross clamping. Most pronoun rises were seen in IL-6 (667 %, P = 0.016) and HGF (760 %, P = 0.016). HIF-1α values showed a steady increase after clamping of either artery unless the subject underwent blood transfusion. Despite an adequate increase in HIF-1α CD39 and CD73 activity decreased significantly after aortic clamping (P = 0.047 and P = 0.016, respectively). Aortic clamping is associated with a clear and strong systemic inflammatory response and impaired repair mechanisms in terms of purinergic signaling. Patients undergoing open aorta repair could benefit from pre-operative medical therapy, which enhances CD73 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Jalkanen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University and Turku University Hospital, Hämeenkatu 11, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Maksimow
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Tykistönkatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Tykistönkatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Hakovirta
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Turku University and Turku University Hospital, Hämeenkatu 11, 20521 Turku, Finland
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Kapitsinou PP, Haase VH. Molecular mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F821-34. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00224.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
More effective therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) are needed to improve the high morbidity and mortality associated with this frequently encountered clinical condition. Ischemic and/or hypoxic preconditioning attenuates susceptibility to ischemic injury, which results from both oxygen and nutrient deprivation and accounts for most cases of AKI. While multiple signaling pathways have been implicated in renoprotection, this review will focus on oxygen-regulated cellular and molecular responses that enhance the kidney's tolerance to ischemia and promote renal repair. Central mediators of cellular adaptation to hypoxia are hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs play a crucial role in ischemic/hypoxic preconditioning through the reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism, and by coordinating adenosine and nitric oxide signaling with antiapoptotic, oxidative stress, and immune responses. The therapeutic potential of HIF activation for the treatment and prevention of ischemic injuries will be critically examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi P. Kapitsinou
- Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Volker H. Haase
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
- Medicine and Research Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
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Oyarzún C, Salinas C, Gómez D, Jaramillo K, Pérez G, Alarcón S, Podestá L, Flores C, Quezada C, San Martín R. Increased levels of adenosine and ecto 5'-nucleotidase (CD73) activity precede renal alterations in experimental diabetic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:354-9. [PMID: 26499073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has not been clearly established, making diagnosis and patient management difficult. Recent studies using experimental diabetic models have implicated adenosine signaling with renal cells dysfunction. Therefore, the study of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate extracellular adenosine availability during DN is of emerging interest. Using streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats we demonstrated that urinary levels of adenosine were early increased. Further analyses showed an increased expression of the ecto 5'-nucleotidase (CD73), which hydrolyzes AMP to adenosine, at the renal proximal tubules and a higher enzymatic activity in tubule extracts. These changes precede the signs of diabetic kidney injury recognized by significant proteinuria, morphological alterations and the presence of the renal fibrosis markers alpha smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, collagen deposits and thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. In the proximal tubule cell line HK2 we identified TGF-β as a key modulator of CD73 activity. Importantly, the increased activity of CD73 could be screened in urinary sediments from diabetic rats. In conclusion, the increase of CD73 activity is a key component in the production of high levels of adenosine and emerges as a new tool for the early diagnosis of tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oyarzún
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Salinas
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - D Gómez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - K Jaramillo
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - G Pérez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - S Alarcón
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - L Podestá
- CENAIA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Flores
- Instituto de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - C Quezada
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - R San Martín
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Recent knowledge on the pathophysiology of septic acute kidney injury: A narrative review. J Crit Care 2015; 31:82-9. [PMID: 26475099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is the commonest cause of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Its pathophysiology is complex and not well understood. Until recently, it was believed that kidney hypoperfusion is the major contributor of septic acute kidney injury. However, recent publications have improved our understanding on this topic. We now know that its mechanisms included the following: (1) renal macrocirculatory and microcirculatory disturbance, (2) surge of inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, (3) coagulation cascade activation, and (4) bioenergetics adaptive response with controlled cell-cycle arrest aiming to prevent cell death. Uncovering these complicated mechanisms may facilitate the development of more appropriate therapeutic measures in the future.
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Kierulf-Lassen C, Nieuwenhuijs-Moeke GJ, Krogstrup NV, Oltean M, Jespersen B, Dor FJMF. Molecular Mechanisms of Renal Ischemic Conditioning Strategies. Eur Surg Res 2015; 55:151-83. [PMID: 26330099 DOI: 10.1159/000437352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is the leading cause of acute kidney injury in a variety of clinical settings such as renal transplantation and hypovolemic and/or septic shock. Strategies to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury are obviously clinically relevant. Ischemic conditioning is an inherent part of the renal defense mechanism against ischemia and can be triggered by short periods of intermittent ischemia and reperfusion. Understanding the signaling transduction pathways of renal ischemic conditioning can promote further clinical translation and pharmacological advancements in this era. This review summarizes research on the molecular mechanisms underlying both local and remote ischemic pre-, per- and postconditioning of the kidney. The different types of conditioning strategies in the kidney recruit similar powerful pro-survival mechanisms. Likewise, renal ischemic conditioning mobilizes many of the same protective signaling pathways as in other organs, but differences are recognized.
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Extracellular adenosine generation in the regulation of pro-inflammatory responses and pathogen colonization. Biomolecules 2015; 5:775-92. [PMID: 25950510 PMCID: PMC4496696 DOI: 10.3390/biom5020775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, an immunomodulatory biomolecule, is produced by the ecto-enzymes CD39 (nucleoside triphosphate dephosphorylase) and CD73 (ecto-5'-nucleotidase) by dephosphorylation of extracellular ATP. CD73 is expressed by many cell types during injury, infection and during steady-state conditions. Besides host cells, many bacteria also have CD39-CD73-like machinery, which helps the pathogen subvert the host inflammatory response. The major function for adenosine is anti-inflammatory, and most recent research has focused on adenosine's control of inflammatory mechanisms underlying various autoimmune diseases (e.g., colitis, arthritis). Although adenosine generated through CD73 provides a feedback to control tissue damage mediated by a host immune response, it can also contribute to immunosuppression. Thus, inflammation can be a double-edged sword: it may harm the host but eventually helps by killing the invading pathogen. The role of adenosine in dampening inflammation has been an area of active research, but the relevance of the CD39/CD73-axis and adenosine receptor signaling in host defense against infection has received less attention. Here, we review our recent knowledge regarding CD73 expression during murine Salmonellosis and Helicobacter-induced gastric infection and its role in disease pathogenesis and bacterial persistence. We also explored a possible role for the CD73/adenosine pathway in regulating innate host defense function during infection.
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Yu YI, Wang W, Song L, Hu W, Dong C, Pei H, Zhou G, Yue Z. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase expression is associated with the progression of renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2485-2494. [PMID: 26137095 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common tissue tumor that occurs across all age groups and has become one of the types of cancer with the fastest increasing incidence. Due to the resistance of RCC chemo- and radiotherapy, surgery is the only currently effective treatment. Therefore, specific markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of RCC are expected to result in novel methods of treatment. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase, also termed cluster of differentiation (CD)73, is a protein that is activated in several types of aggressive cancer and may promote cancer progression. CD73 was examined in the present study to determine the association between the protein and RCC. The expression levels of CD73 in 159 RCC tissue sections and 30 paratumorous normal renal tissue samples obtained from 235 patients that underwent nephrectomy were examined by immunohistochemical staining. By contrast, the expression level of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a potential prognostic factor in RCC, was also examined in 85 RCC and 13 normal tissue samples. Intense CD73 expression was identified in 75 out of 159 RCC cell membranes compared with normal renal tissues. In contrast, there was high P-gp expression in the blood vessels of 42 out of 85 RCC tissues and there was no significant difference between the P-gp expression identified in RCC cells (34 out of 85) and the cell membrane of normal renal cells (2 out of 13). The expression level of CD73 in RCC cells was significantly associated with tumor type, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and tumor grade. However, the expression of P-gp in RCC cells was only associated with the TNM stage and tumor grade. Using a multivariable Cox regression analysis, it was found that the median survival rate of RCC patients with intense CD73 expression in RCC cells was 62.06±5.35 months, which was drastically shorter compared with rare CD73 expression (103.72±3.67 months). In conclusion, the expression level of CD73 is significantly associated with RCC tumor progression and may serve as a favorable marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of RCC, in addition to being a therapeutic target for the treatment of RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Yu
- Department of Urological Surgery, Key Laboratory of Urinary Diseases of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Urological Surgery, Key Laboratory of Urinary Diseases of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China ; Medical College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Chi Dong
- Department of Pathology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hailong Pei
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- Department of Space Radiobiology, Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongjin Yue
- Department of Urological Surgery, Key Laboratory of Urinary Diseases of Gansu Province, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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Early prediction of persistent organ failure by soluble CD73 in patients with acute pancreatitis*. Crit Care Med 2015; 42:2556-64. [PMID: 25126879 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE New biomarkers are needed to better predict the severity of acute pancreatitis. CD73/ecto-5'-nucleotidase is an enzyme that generates adenosine, which dampens inflammation and improves vascular barrier function in several disease models. CD73 also circulates in a soluble form in the blood. We studied whether levels of soluble form of CD73 predict the development of organ failure in acute pancreatitis. DESIGN A prospective cohort study of patients with acute pancreatitis from 2003 to 2007. SETTING Admissions to the biggest tertiary care hospital in Finland. PATIENTS One hundred sixty-one patients with acute pancreatitis, of which 107 were subclassified according to the revised Atlanta criteria into mild, 29 into moderately severe and 25 into severe. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Serum and blood cell samples were collected at admission. Protein levels of soluble form of CD73 in serum were determined using a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, activity of soluble form of CD73 using radioactive enzyme assays, and CD73 messenger RNA levels from leukocytes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Activity and protein concentration of soluble form of CD73, and messenger RNA level of CD73 all decreased along with the disease severity (p ≤ 0.01 for all). The activity of soluble form of CD73 at admission predicted the development of the severe pancreatitis in different groups of the patients. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve value for activity of soluble form of CD73 was 0.65 (95% CI, 0.51-0.80) among a subgroup of patients comprising moderately severe and severe disease, 0.79 (95% CI, 0.69-0.88) among all patients including mild pancreatitis, and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.60-0.89) among patients who had no signs of organ failure (modified Marshall score < 2) at admission. Especially, in the last-mentioned group, activity of soluble form of CD73 was better than C-reactive protein or creatinine in predicting the severe pancreat CONCLUSIONS : Activity of soluble form of CD73 at admission to hospital has prognostic value in predicting the development of the severe form of acute pancreatitis.
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39
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Yegutkin GG, Auvinen K, Rantakari P, Hollmén M, Karikoski M, Grénman R, Elima K, Jalkanen S, Salmi M. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 enhances endothelial barrier function and sprouting in blood but not lymphatic vasculature. Eur J Immunol 2014; 45:562-73. [PMID: 25402681 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD73/ecto-5'-nucleotidase is a key enzyme in the regulation of purinergic signaling and inflammatory reactions. It hydrolyzes extracellular AMP into adenosine, which dampens immune cell activation, and reduces leukocyte trafficking. By comparing CD73 expression and function in mononuclear and endothelial cells (ECs) of blood and lymph, we show that extracellular purines and CD73 activity have differential effects in these two vascular systems. We found that CD8-positive T lymphocytes and CD19-positive B lymphocytes in human lymph expressed high levels of CD73 and other purinergic enzymes and adenosine receptors. Soluble CD73 was less abundant in human lymph than in serum, whereas CD73 activity was higher in afferent lymphatic ECs than in blood ECs. Adenosine signaling improved barrier function and induced sprouting of human blood, but not lymphatic, ECs in vitro. Similarly, using CD73-deficient mice we found that CD73 controls only blood vascular permeability at selected lymphoid organs under physiological conditions. Thus, both vascular and lymphatic arms of the immune system synthesize the components of purinergic signaling system, but surprisingly they use CD73 differentially to control endothelial permeability and sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady G Yegutkin
- Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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40
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Soluble CD73 can predict future organ failure in pancreatitis: simple, low cost, but not perfect*. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:2641-2. [PMID: 25402289 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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41
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Csóka B, Németh ZH, Törő G, Koscsó B, Kókai E, Robson SC, Enjyoji K, Rolandelli RH, Erdélyi K, Pacher P, Haskó G. CD39 improves survival in microbial sepsis by attenuating systemic inflammation. FASEB J 2014; 29:25-36. [PMID: 25318479 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-253567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Excessive inflammation is a major cause of organ failure and mortality in sepsis. Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1, ENTPDase1 (CD39) is a cell surface nucleotide-metabolizing enzyme, which degrades the extracellular purines ATP and ADP, thereby regulating purinergic receptor signaling. Although the role of purinergic receptor signaling in regulating inflammation and sepsis has been addressed previously, the role of CD39 in regulating the host's response to sepsis is unknown. We found that the CD39 mimic apyrase (250 U/kg) decreased and knockout or pharmacologic blockade with sodium polyoxotungstate (5 mg/kg; IC50 ≈ 10 μM) of CD39 increased mortality of mice with polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. CD39 decreased inflammation, organ damage, immune cell apoptosis, and bacterial load. Use of bone marrow chimeric mice revealed that CD39 expression on myeloid cells decreases inflammation in septic mice. CD39 expression is upregulated during sepsis in mice, as well as in both murine and human macrophages stimulated with Escherichia coli. Moreover, E. coli increases CD39 promoter activity in macrophages. Altogether, these data indicate CD39 as an evolutionarily conserved inducible protective pathway during sepsis. We propose CD39 as a novel therapeutic target in the management of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Csóka
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Balázs Koscsó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Simon C Robson
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - Keiichi Enjyoji
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | | | - Katalin Erdélyi
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pál Pacher
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA;
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Abstract
In cultured renal cells and isolated perfused kidneys, extracellular guanosine augments extracellular adenosine and inosine (the major renal metabolite of adenosine) levels by altering the extracellular disposition of these purines. The present study addressed whether this "guanosine-adenosine mechanism" exists in vivo. In rats (n = 15), intravenous infusions of adenosine (1 µmol/kg per minute) decreased mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) from 114 ± 4 to 83 ± 5 mm Hg, heart rate (HR) from 368 ± 11 to 323 ± 9 beats/min), and renal blood flow (RBF) from 6.2 ± 0.5 to 5.3 ± 0.6 ml/min). In rats (n = 15) pretreated with intravenous guanosine (10 µmol/kg per minute), intravenous adenosine (1 µmol/kg per minute) decreased MABP (from 109 ± 4 to 58 ± 5 mm Hg), HR (from 401 ± 10 to 264 ± 20 beats/min), and RBF (from 6.2 ± 0.7 to 1.7 ± 0.3). Two-factor analysis of variance (2F-ANOVA) revealed a significant interaction (P < 0.0001) between guanosine and adenosine for MABP, HR, and RBF. In control rats, the urinary excretion rate of endogenous inosine was 211 ± 103 ng/30 minutes (n = 9); however, in rats treated with intravenous guanosine (10 µmol/kg per minute), the excretion rate of inosine was 1995 ± 300 ng/30 minutes (n = 12; P < 0.0001 versus controls). Because adenosine inhibits inflammatory cytokine production, we also examined the effects of intravenous guanosine on endotoxemia-induced increases in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In control rats (n = 7), lipopolysaccharide (LPS; Escherichia coli 026:B6 endotoxin; 30 mg/kg) increased plasma TNF-α from 164 ± 56 to 4082 ± 730 pg/ml, whereas in rats pretreated with intravenous guanosine (10 µmol/kg per minute; n = 6), LPS increased plasma TNF-α from 121 ± 45 to 1821 ± 413 pg/ml (2F-ANOVA interaction effect, P = 0.0022). We conclude that the guanosine-adenosine mechanism exists in vivo and that guanosine may be a useful therapeutic for reducing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zaichuan Mi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Jackson EK, Cheng D, Verrier JD, Janesko-Feldman K, Kochanek PM. Interactive roles of CD73 and tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase in the renal vascular metabolism of 5'-AMP. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 307:F680-5. [PMID: 24990899 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00312.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CD73 metabolizes extracellular 5'-AMP to adenosine; yet recent experiments in brain tissue suggest that CD73 is not required for the metabolism of 5'-AMP to adenosine because of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), which like CD73 is a GPI-anchored ecto-enyzme with 5'-nucleotidase activity. Because adenosine importantly regulates renovascular function, we investigated whether both TNAP and CD73 are involved in the renovascular metabolism of 5'-AMP. To test this, we examined in isolated, perfused mouse kidneys the metabolism of 5'-AMP (applied to the lumen of the renal vasculature via intrarenal artery administration) to adenosine by measuring renal venous levels of 5'-AMP, adenosine, and inosine (adenosine metabolite) by mass spectrometry. In one study, we compared 5'-AMP metabolism in naive CD73+/+ (wild-type, n = 16) vs. CD73-/- (knockout, n = 16) kidneys; and in a second study, we compared 5'-AMP metabolism in CD73+/+ (n = 9) vs. CD73-/- (n = 8) kidneys pretreated with levamisole (1 mmol/l; TNAP inhibitor). In naive kidneys, 5'-AMP increased renal venous 5'-AMP, adenosine, and inosine, and these responses were similar in CD73+/+ vs. CD73-/- kidneys. Levamisole per se did not inhibit renovascular 5'-AMP metabolism; however, in the presence of levamisole, 5'-AMP increased renal venous 5'-AMP threefold more in CD73-/- vs. CD73+/+ kidneys and knockout of CD73 inhibited 5'-induced adenosine and inosine by 81 and 86%, respectively. TNAP mRNA, protein, and activity were similar in CD73+/+ vs. CD73-/- kidneys. In conclusion, CD73 and TNAP play interactive roles to metabolize luminally applied 5'-AMP in the renal vasculature such that inhibition of both is required to inhibit the production of adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin K Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
| | - Dongmei Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan D Verrier
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Keri Janesko-Feldman
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Kim M, Ham A, Kim KYM, Brown KM, Lee HT. The volatile anesthetic isoflurane increases endothelial adenosine generation via microparticle ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) release. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99950. [PMID: 24945528 PMCID: PMC4063779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is common in acute and chronic organ injury. Isoflurane is a widely used halogenated volatile anesthetic during the perioperative period and protects against endothelial cell death and inflammation. In this study, we tested whether isoflurane induces endothelial ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) and cytoprotective adenosine generation to protect against endothelial cell injury. Clinically relevant concentrations of isoflurane induced CD73 activity and increased adenosine generation in cultured human umbilical vein or mouse glomerular endothelial cells. Surprisingly, isoflurane-mediated induction of endothelial CD73 activity occurred within 1 hr and without synthesizing new CD73. We determined that isoflurane rapidly increased CD73 containing endothelial microparticles into the cell culture media. Indeed, microparticles isolated from isoflurane-treated endothelial cells had significantly higher CD73 activity as well as increased CD73 protein. In vivo, plasma from mice anesthetized with isoflurane had significantly higher endothelial cell-derived CD144+ CD73+ microparticles and had increased microparticle CD73 activity compared to plasma from pentobarbital-anesthetized mice. Supporting a critical role of CD73 in isoflurane-mediated endothelial protection, a selective CD73 inhibitor (APCP) prevented isoflurane-induced protection against human endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis. In addition, isoflurane activated endothelial cells Rho kinase evidenced by myosin phosphatase target subunit-1 and myosin light chain phosphorylation. Furthermore, isoflurane-induced release of CD73 containing microparticles was significantly attenuated by a selective Rho kinase inhibitor (Y27632). Taken together, we conclude that the volatile anesthetic isoflurane causes Rho kinase-mediated release of endothelial microparticles containing preformed CD73 and increase adenosine generation to protect against endothelial apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihwa Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ahrom Ham
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Katelyn Yu-Mi Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - H. Thomas Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Allard B, Turcotte M, Stagg J. Targeting CD73 and downstream adenosine receptor signaling in triple-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:863-81. [PMID: 24798880 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.915315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite significant improvements in diagnosis and therapy over the past 20 years, breast cancer remains a worldwide public health issue. In particular, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subset of very aggressive breast tumors, is associated with a poor prognosis and has very few efficient therapeutic options. The ectonucleotidase CD73 has recently emerged as a promising new target for TNBC in preclinical models. Pharmacological targeting of CD73 and downstream adenosine A2A/A2B receptor signaling is currently an active field of research that could lead to the development of new cancer therapeutics, including options against TNBC. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the basic structural and molecular features of CD73 and its role in the development of cancer, with a particular focus on CD73's role in the biology of TNBC. EXPERT OPINION It was recently demonstrated that CD73 expression in TNBC is associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased resistance to anthracycline chemotherapy. Targeted blockade of the CD73/A2A axis has been shown to impair various aspects of tumorigenesis and displays synergism with other anti-cancer treatments in preclinical studies. Hence, we strongly argue for the development of CD73 inhibitors and for the repositioning of A2A antagonists in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Faculté de Pharmacie et Institut du Cancer de Montréal , 900 Rue Saint Denis, 10ième étage, Montréal H2X0X9, QC , Canada +514 890 8000 ext: 25170 ; +514 412 7661 ;
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Camarço JPF, Morais LK, Moreno JD, Rassi MC, Camarço MNDCR, Guimarães PF, Quireze Júnior C. The feasibility of an experimental model of donors after cardiac death in remote ischemic preconditioning studies for renal transplantation in porcine. Acta Cir Bras 2014; 29:82-6. [PMID: 24604310 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-86502014000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of an experimental model of donors after cardiac death in remote ischemic preconditioning studies. METHODS Twelve Landrace pigs were used as organ donors. They underwent cardiac arrest by coronary en block suture and interruption of ventilatory support. Haemodynamic data regarding the donor surgical protocol were evaluated. Studies variables included mean heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure and oxygen saturation and the time to death. RESULTS Haemodynamic parameter indicated that the circulatory failure occurred after nine minutes of en block coronary suture and respiratory support interruption. The circulatory collapse occurred evenly across all groups. The heart rate and central venous pressure were statistically different between groups (p=0.023 and p=0.04), respectively. The remote preconditioning resulted in delayed time of death. CONCLUSIONS The model is feasible, and was easily reproduced. The ischemic remote preconditioning tends to a slight increase in circulatory failure time.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Figueiredo Camarço
- Federal University of Goias, GoianiaGO, Brazil, Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Goias (UFG), Goiania-GO, Brazil. Intellectual and scientific contents of the study, technical procedures, manuscript writing
| | - Lucio Kenny Morais
- UFG, GoianiaGO, Brazil, Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, UFG, Goiania-GO, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Juan Duque Moreno
- UFG, School of Veterinary and Animal Science, GoianiaGO, Brazil, PhD, Associate Professor, Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary and Animal Science (EVZ), UFG, Goiania-GO, Brazil. Intellectual and scientific content of the study, technical procedures, manuscript writing
| | - Matheus Castrillon Rassi
- UFG, GoianiaGO, Brazil, Fellow Master degree, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, UFG, Goiania-GO, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, manuscript writing
| | - Mylena Naves de Castro Rocha Camarço
- Pontifical Catholic University of Goias, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, GoianiaGO, Brazil, Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Pontifical Catholic University of Goias (UCG), Goiania-GO, Brazil. Critical revision
| | - Pedro Figueiredo Guimarães
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Departament of Surgery, BrasiliaDF, Graduate student, Departament of Surgery, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasilia-DF. Acquisition of data, technical procedures
| | - Claudemiro Quireze Júnior
- UFG, GoianiaGO, Brazil, PhD, Associate Professor, Surgical Clinics, UFG, Goiania-GO, Brazil. Intellectual and scientific contents of the study, technical procedures, manuscript writing
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Roberts V, Stagg J, Dwyer KM. The Role of Ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and Adenosine Signaling in Solid Organ Transplantation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:64. [PMID: 24600452 PMCID: PMC3927137 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine is a potent immunomodulatory molecule that accumulates in states of inflammation. Nucleotides such as adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate are release from injured and necrotic cells and hydrolyzed to adenosine monophosphate and adenosine by the concerted action of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73. Accumulating evidence suggest that purinergic signaling is involved in the inflammatory response that accompanies acute rejection and chronic allograft dysfunction. Modification of the purinergic pathway has been shown to alter graft survival in a number of solid organ transplant models and the response to ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). Furthermore, the purinergic pathway is intrinsically involved in B and T cell biology and function. Although T cells have traditionally been considered the orchestrators of acute allograft rejection, a role for B cells in chronic allograft loss is being increasingly appreciated. This review focuses on the role of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 and adenosine signaling in solid organ transplantation including the effects on IRI and T and B cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Roberts
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Faculté de Pharmacie et Institut du Cancer de Montréal , Montréal, QC , Canada
| | - Karen M Dwyer
- Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne and Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
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Fukazawa K, Lee HT. Volatile anesthetics and AKI: risks, mechanisms, and a potential therapeutic window. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:884-92. [PMID: 24511126 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013111215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AKI is a major clinical problem with extremely high mortality and morbidity. Kidney hypoxia or ischemia-reperfusion injury inevitably occurs during surgery involving renal or aortic vascular occlusion and is one of the leading causes of perioperative AKI. Despite the growing incidence and tremendous clinical and financial burden of AKI, there is currently no effective therapy for this condition. The pathophysiology of AKI is orchestrated by renal tubular and endothelial cell necrosis and apoptosis, leukocyte infiltration, and the production and release of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Effective management strategies require multimodal inhibition of these injury processes. Despite the past theoretical concerns about the nephrotoxic effects of several clinically utilized volatile anesthetics, recent studies suggest that modern halogenated volatile anesthetics induce potent anti-inflammatory, antinecrotic, and antiapoptotic effects that protect against ischemic AKI. Therefore, the renal protective properties of volatile anesthetics may provide clinically useful therapeutic intervention to treat and/or prevent perioperative AKI. In this review, we outline the history of volatile anesthetics and their effect on kidney function, briefly review the studies on volatile anesthetic-induced renal protection, and summarize the basic cellular mechanisms of volatile anesthetic-mediated protection against ischemic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyota Fukazawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - H Thomas Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York
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Burnstock G, Ralevic V. Purinergic signaling and blood vessels in health and disease. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:102-92. [PMID: 24335194 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling plays important roles in control of vascular tone and remodeling. There is dual control of vascular tone by ATP released as a cotransmitter with noradrenaline from perivascular sympathetic nerves to cause vasoconstriction via P2X1 receptors, whereas ATP released from endothelial cells in response to changes in blood flow (producing shear stress) or hypoxia acts on P2X and P2Y receptors on endothelial cells to produce nitric oxide and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, which dilates vessels. ATP is also released from sensory-motor nerves during antidromic reflex activity to produce relaxation of some blood vessels. In this review, we stress the differences in neural and endothelial factors in purinergic control of different blood vessels. The long-term (trophic) actions of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides and nucleotides in promoting migration and proliferation of both vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells via P1 and P2Y receptors during angiogenesis and vessel remodeling during restenosis after angioplasty are described. The pathophysiology of blood vessels and therapeutic potential of purinergic agents in diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemia, thrombosis and stroke, diabetes, and migraine, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; and Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Tak E, Ridyard D, Kim JH, Zimmerman M, Werner T, Wang XX, Shabeka U, Seo SW, Christians U, Klawitter J, Moldovan R, Garcia G, Levi M, Haase V, Ravid K, Eltzschig HK, Grenz A. CD73-dependent generation of adenosine and endothelial Adora2b signaling attenuate diabetic nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 25:547-63. [PMID: 24262796 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012101014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide phosphohydrolysis by the ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is the main source for extracellular generation of adenosine. Extracellular adenosine subsequently signals through four distinct adenosine A receptors (Adora1, Adora2a, Adora2b, or Adora3). Here, we hypothesized a functional role for CD73-dependent generation and concomitant signaling of extracellular adenosine during diabetic nephropathy. CD73 transcript and protein levels were elevated in the kidneys of diabetic mice. Genetic deletion of CD73 was associated with more severe diabetic nephropathy, whereas treatment with soluble nucleotidase was therapeutic. Transcript levels of renal adenosine receptors showed a selective induction of Adora2b during diabetic nephropathy. In a transgenic reporter mouse, Adora2b expression localized to the vasculature and increased after treatment with streptozotocin. Adora2b(-/-) mice experienced more severe diabetic nephropathy, and studies in mice with tissue-specific deletion of Adora2b in tubular epithelia or vascular endothelia implicated endothelial Adora2b signaling in protection from diabetic nephropathy. Finally, treatment with a selective Adora2b agonist (BAY 60-6583) conveyed potent protection from diabetes-associated kidney disease. Taken together, these findings implicate CD73-dependent production of extracellular adenosine and endothelial Adora2b signaling in kidney protection during diabetic nephropathy.
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