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Wang FT, Wu TQ, Lin Y, Jiao YR, Li JY, Ruan Y, Yin L, Chen CQ. The role of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112015. [PMID: 38608478 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6), a seven-transmembrane domain G-protein-coupled receptor, plays a pivotal regulatory role in inflammation and tissue damage through its interaction with CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16). This axis is implicated in the pathogenesis of various fibrotic diseases and correlates with clinical parameters that indicate disease severity, activity, and prognosis in organ fibrosis, including afflictions of the liver, kidney, lung, cardiovascular system, skin, and intestines. Soluble CXCL16 (sCXCL16) serves as a chemokine, facilitating the migration and recruitment of CXCR6-expressing cells, while membrane-bound CXCL16 (mCXCL16) functions as a transmembrane protein with adhesion properties, facilitating intercellular interactions by binding to CXCR6. The CXCR6/CXCL16 axis is established to regulate the cycle of damage and repair during chronic inflammation, either through modulating immune cell-mediated intercellular communication or by independently influencing fibroblast homing, proliferation, and activation, with each pathway potentially culminating in the onset and progression of fibrotic diseases. However, clinically exploiting the targeting of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis requires further elucidation of the intricate chemokine interactions within fibrosis pathogenesis. This review explores the biology of CXCR6/CXCL16, its multifaceted effects contributing to fibrosis in various organs, and the prospective clinical implications of these insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Tao Wang
- Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Tian-Qi Wu
- Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yin Lin
- Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yi-Ran Jiao
- Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Li
- Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yu Ruan
- Surgery and Anesthesia Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chun-Qiu Chen
- Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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2
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Gnirck AC, Philipp MS, Waterhölter A, Wunderlich M, Shaikh N, Adamiak V, Henneken L, Kautz T, Xiong T, Klaus D, Tomczyk P, Al-Bahra MM, Menche D, Walkenhorst M, Lantz O, Willing A, Friese MA, Huber TB, Krebs CF, Panzer U, Kurts C, Turner JE. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells contribute to suppression of inflammatory myeloid cells in immune-mediated kidney disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7372. [PMID: 37968302 PMCID: PMC10651937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells have been implicated in various inflammatory diseases of barrier organs, but so far, their role in kidney disease is unclear. Here we report that MAIT cells that recognize their prototypical ligand, the vitamin B2 intermediate 5-OP-RU presented by MR1, reside in human and mouse kidneys. Single cell RNAseq analysis reveals several intrarenal MAIT subsets, and one, carrying the genetic fingerprint of tissue-resident MAIT17 cells, is activated and expanded in a murine model of crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN). An equivalent subset is also present in kidney biopsies of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated cGN. MAIT cell-deficient MR1 mice show aggravated disease, whereas B6-MAITCAST mice, harboring higher MAIT cell numbers, are protected from cGN. The expanded MAIT17 cells express anti-inflammatory mediators known to suppress cGN, such as CTLA-4, PD-1, and TGF-β. Interactome analysis predicts CXCR6 - CXCL16-mediated cross-talk with renal mononuclear phagocytes, known to drive cGN progression. In line, we find that cGN is aggravated upon CXCL16 blockade. Finally, we present an optimized 5-OP-RU synthesis method which we apply to attenuating cGN in mice. In summary, we propose that CXCR6+ MAIT cells might play a protective role in cGN, implicating them as a potential target for anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Gnirck
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie-Sophie Philipp
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut Langen, Langen, Germany
| | - Alex Waterhölter
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Wunderlich
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nikhat Shaikh
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Virginia Adamiak
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Henneken
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kautz
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Transfusionsmedizin, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tingting Xiong
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Klaus
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pascal Tomczyk
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohamad M Al-Bahra
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Menche
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark Walkenhorst
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Inserm U932, Laboratoire d'immunologie Clinique and Centre d'investigation Clinique en Biothérapie Gustave-Roussy, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Anne Willing
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F Krebs
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Center for Kidney Health (HCKH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Metabolic signatures of immune cells in chronic kidney disease. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e40. [PMID: 36268748 PMCID: PMC9884772 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells play a key role in maintaining renal dynamic balance and dealing with renal injury. The physiological and pathological functions of immune cells are intricately connected to their metabolic characteristics. However, immunometabolism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is not fully understood. Pathophysiologically, disruption of kidney immune cells homeostasis causes inflammation and tissue damage via triggering metabolic reprogramming. The diverse metabolic characteristics of immune cells at different stages of CKD are strongly associated with their different pathological effect. In this work, we reviewed the metabolic characteristics of immune cells (macrophages, natural killer cells, T cells, natural killer T cells and B cells) and several non-immune cells, as well as potential treatments targeting immunometabolism in CKD. We attempt to elaborate on the metabolic signatures of immune cells and their intimate correlation with non-immune cells in CKD.
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Li Q, Tian M, Zhu Y, Yu L, Wang J, Sun S. CXCL16/ERK1/2 pathway regulates human podocytes growth, migration, apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transition. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:212. [PMID: 35514316 PMCID: PMC9133949 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) is the commonest glomerular disease affecting children. Previous studies have confirmed that CXC motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is involved in the pathogenesis of PNS. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PNS remain to be elucidated. Thus, the present study aimed to elucidate the role of CXCL16 in PNS. It was found that the expression of CXCL16 and extracellular signal‑regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) were significantly increased in clinical PNS renal tissues using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Lentivirus overexpression or short hairpin RNA vector was used to induce the overexpression or knockdown of CXCL16 in podocytes, respectively. Overexpression of CXCL16 in podocytes could decrease the cell proliferation and increase the migration and apoptosis, whereas CXCL16 knockdown increased cell proliferation and decreased cell migration and apoptosis. Results of the present study further demonstrated that ERK2 protein expression was regulated by CXCL16. The knockdown of ERK2 expression reversed the effects of CXCL16 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of podocytes. Collectively, the findings of the present study highlighted that the CXCL16/ERK1/2 pathway regulates the growth, migration, apoptosis and EMT of human podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Minle Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yanji Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Lichun Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shuzhen Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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5
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Abstract
Unconventional T cells are a diverse and underappreciated group of relatively rare lymphocytes that are distinct from conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and that mainly recognize antigens in the absence of classical restriction through the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). These non-MHC-restricted T cells include mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδ T cells and other, often poorly defined, subsets. Depending on the physiological context, unconventional T cells may assume either protective or pathogenic roles in a range of inflammatory and autoimmune responses in the kidney. Accordingly, experimental models and clinical studies have revealed that certain unconventional T cells are potential therapeutic targets, as well as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. The responsiveness of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and MAIT cells to many microbial pathogens, for example, has implications for early diagnosis, risk stratification and targeted treatment of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. The expansion of non-Vγ9Vδ2 γδ T cells during cytomegalovirus infection and their contribution to viral clearance suggest that these cells can be harnessed for immune monitoring and adoptive immunotherapy in kidney transplant recipients. In addition, populations of NKT, MAIT or γδ T cells are involved in the immunopathology of IgA nephropathy and in models of glomerulonephritis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and kidney transplantation.
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Li N, Steiger S, Fei L, Li C, Shi C, Salei N, Schraml BU, Zheng Z, Anders HJ, Lichtnekert J. IRF8-Dependent Type I Conventional Dendritic Cells (cDC1s) Control Post-Ischemic Inflammation and Mildly Protect Against Post-Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury and Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:685559. [PMID: 34234783 PMCID: PMC8255684 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.685559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-ischemic acute kidney injury and disease (AKI/AKD) involve acute tubular necrosis and irreversible nephron loss. Mononuclear phagocytes including conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are present during different phases of injury and repair, but the functional contribution of this subset remains controversial. Transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is required for the development of type I conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) lineage and helps to define distinct cDC1 subsets. We identified one distinct subset among mononuclear phagocyte subsets according to the expression patterns of CD11b and CD11c in healthy kidney and lymphoid organs, of which IRF8 was significantly expressed in the CD11blowCD11chigh subset that mainly comprised cDC1s. Next, we applied a Irf8-deficient mouse line (Irf8fl/flClec9acre mice) to specifically target Clec9a-expressing cDC1s in vivo. During post-ischemic AKI/AKD, these mice lacked cDC1s in the kidney without affecting cDC2s. The absence of cDC1s mildly aggravated the loss of living primary tubule and decline of kidney function, which was associated with decreased anti-inflammatory Tregs-related immune responses, but increased T helper type 1 (TH1)-related and pro-inflammatory cytokines, infiltrating neutrophils and acute tubular cell death, while we also observed a reduced number of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the kidney when cDC1s were absent. Together, our data show that IRF8 is indispensable for kidney cDC1s. Kidney cDC1s mildly protect against post-ischemic AKI/AKD, probably via suppressing tissue inflammation and damage, which implies an immunoregulatory role for cDC1s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shen Zhen, China.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Steiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lingyan Fei
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shen Zhen, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chongxu Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Natallia Salei
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara U Schraml
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhihua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Center of Kidney and Urology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shen Zhen, China
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Lichtnekert
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Riedel JH, Turner JE, Panzer U. T helper cell trafficking in autoimmune kidney diseases. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:281-292. [PMID: 33598825 PMCID: PMC8523400 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are key drivers of autoimmune diseases, including crescentic GN. Many effector mechanisms employed by T cells to mediate renal damage and repair, such as local cytokine production, depend on their presence at the site of inflammation. Therefore, the mechanisms regulating the renal CD4+ T cell infiltrate are of central importance. From a conceptual point of view, there are four distinct factors that can regulate the abundance of T cells in the kidney: (1) T cell infiltration, (2) T cell proliferation, (3) T cell death and (4) T cell retention/egress. While a substantial amount of data on the recruitment of T cells to the kidneys in crescentic GN have accumulated over the last decade, the roles of T cell proliferation and death in the kidney in crescentic GN is less well characterized. However, the findings from the data available so far do not indicate a major role of these processes. More importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying both egress and retention of T cells from/in peripheral tissues, such as the kidney, are unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge of mechanisms and functions of T cell migration in renal autoimmune diseases with a special focus on chemokines and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Riedel
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany. .,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. .,Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Sun Z, Kim JH, Kim SH, Kim HR, Zhang K, Pan Y, Ko MK, Kim BM, Chu H, Lee HR, Kim HL, Kim JH, Fu X, Hyun YM, Yun KN, Kim JY, Lee DW, Song SY, Lin CP, Clark RA, Lee KH, Kupper TS, Park CO. Skin-resident natural killer T cells participate in cutaneous allergic inflammation in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1764-1777. [PMID: 33516870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer T (NKT) cells are unconventional T cells that bridge innate and adaptive immunity. NKT cells have been implicated in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the role of NKT cells in AD development, especially in skin. METHODS Global proteomic and transcriptomic analyses were performed by using skin and blood from human healthy-controls and patients with AD. Levels of CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression in skin NKT cells were analyzed in human AD and mouse AD models. By using parabiosis and intravital imaging, the role of skin CXCR4+ NKT cells was further evaluated in models of mice with AD by using CXCR4-conditionally deficient or CXCL12 transgenic mice. RESULTS CXCR4 and its cognate ligand CXCL12 were significantly upregulated in the skin of humans with AD by global transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. CXCR4+ NKT cells were enriched in AD skin, and their levels were consistently elevated in our models of mice with AD. Allergen-induced NKT cells participate in cutaneous allergic inflammation. Similar to tissue-resident memory T cells, the predominant skin NKT cells were CXCR4+ and CD69+. Skin-resident NKT cells uniquely expressed CXCR4, unlike NKT cells in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Skin fibroblasts were the main source of CXCL12. CXCR4+ NKT cells preferentially trafficked to CXCL12-rich areas, forming an enriched CXCR4+ tissue-resident NKT cells/CXCL12+ cell cluster that developed in acute and chronic allergic inflammation in our models of mice with AD. CONCLUSIONS CXCR4+ tissue-resident NKT cells may form a niche that contributes to AD, in which CXCL12 is highly expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhengWang Sun
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hyeong Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Ran Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - KeLun Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youdong Pan
- Department of Dermatology and Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Min Kyung Ko
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Mi Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Howard Chu
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Ra Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Li Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xiujun Fu
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Brain Korea 21 Project, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Na Yun
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Biomedical Omics Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Korea
| | - Dong Won Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yong Song
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Charles P Lin
- Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology and Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Kwang Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Thomas S Kupper
- Department of Dermatology and Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Brain Korea 21 Project, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Dermatology and Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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9
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Luo R, Yang Y, Cheng YC, Chang D, Liu TT, Li YQ, Dai W, Zuo MY, Xu YL, Zhang CX, Ge SW, Xu G. Plasma chemokine CXC motif-ligand 16 as a predictor of renal prognosis in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:381. [PMID: 32355825 PMCID: PMC7186753 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background There are few non-invasive biomarkers that have been identified to improve the risk stratification of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). CXCL16 has been shown to play a key role as a chemoattractant, adhesion, and fibrosis factor in inflammatory disease. This study evaluated the potential for CXCL16 plasma as a potential biomarker in patients with IgAN. Methods Plasma CXCL16 was measured in 230 patients with renal biopsied IgAN enrolled from 2012 to 2014. The patients were followed for 41.3 months, with a 50% reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate or end-stage renal disease as endpoints. Results The plasma CXCL16 levels in IgAN patients were strongly correlated with the uric acid, estimated glomerular filtration rate and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis score in multivariate analysis. Furthermore, counts of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD20+ B cells in renal biopsies of IgAN patients were significantly correlated with the plasma CXCL16 levels, but not CD68+ macrophage. Lastly, we concluded that patients with higher levels of plasma CXCL16 had an increased risk of poor renal outcome compared to those with lower levels. There was no association between the polymorphisms and clinical parameters of CXCL16, including the levels and prognosis of plasma CXCL16. Conclusions Plasma CXCL16 levels were associated with clinical parameters; pathological damage; CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, and CD20+ B cell infiltration in renal tissue; and renal outcome in IgAN patients. Plasma CXCL16 might be a potential prognosis predictor in Chinese IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi-Chun Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dan Chang
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yue-Qiang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mei-Ying Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu-Lin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chun-Xiu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shu-Wang Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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10
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Lauretti-Ferreira F, Silva PLD, Alcântara NM, Silva BF, Grabher I, Souza GO, Nakajima E, Akamatsu MA, Vasconcellos SA, Abreu PAE, Carvalho E, Martins EAL, Ho PL, da Silva JB. New strategies for Leptospira vaccine development based on LPS removal. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230460. [PMID: 32218590 PMCID: PMC7100938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic spirochetes from genus Leptospira are etiologic agents of leptospirosis. Cellular vaccines against Leptospira infection often elicit mainly response against the LPS antigen of the serovars present in the formulation. There is no suitable protein candidate capable of replacing whole-cell vaccines, thus requiring new approaches on vaccine development to improve leptospirosis prevention. Our goal was to develop a whole-cell vaccine sorovar-independent based on LPS removal and conservation of protein antigens exposure, to evaluate the protective capacity of monovalent or bivalent vaccines against homologous and heterologous virulent Leptospira in hamster. Leptospire were subjected to heat inactivation, or to LPS extraction with butanol and in some cases further inactivation with formaldehyde. Hamsters were immunized and challenged with homologous or heterologous virulent serovars, blood and organs were collected from the survivors for bacterial quantification, chemokine evaluation, and analysis of sera antibody reactivity and cross-reactivity by Western blot. Immunization with either heated or low LPS vaccines with serovar Copenhageni or Canicola resulted in 100% protection of the animals challenged with homologous virulent bacteria. Notably, different from the whole-cell vaccine, the low LPS vaccines produced with serovar Canicola provided only partial protection in heterologous challenge with the virulent Copenhageni serovar. Immunization with bivalent formulation results in 100% protection of immunized animals challenged with virulent serovar Canicola. All vaccines produced were able to eliminate bacteria from the kidney of challenged animals. All the vaccines raised antibodies capable to recognize antigens of serovars not present in the vaccine formulation. Transcripts of IFNγ, CXCL16, CCL5, CXCL10, CXCR6, and CCR5, increased in all immunized animals. Conclusion: Our results showed that bivalent vaccines with reduced LPS may be an interesting strategy for protection against heterologous virulent serovars. Besides the desirable multivalent protection, the low LPS vaccines are specially promising due to the expected lower reatogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lauretti-Ferreira
- Bioindustrial Division, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna F. Silva
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabele Grabher
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele O. Souza
- Laboratory of Bacterial Zoonosis, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika Nakajima
- Laboratory of Process Development, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio A. Vasconcellos
- Laboratory of Bacterial Zoonosis, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Eneas Carvalho
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo L. Ho
- Bioindustrial Division, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josefa B. da Silva
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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11
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Baharlou H, Canete NP, Cunningham AL, Harman AN, Patrick E. Mass Cytometry Imaging for the Study of Human Diseases-Applications and Data Analysis Strategies. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2657. [PMID: 31798587 PMCID: PMC6868098 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High parameter imaging is an important tool in the life sciences for both discovery and healthcare applications. Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) and Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging (MIBI) are two relatively recent technologies which enable clinical samples to be simultaneously analyzed for up to 40 parameters at subcellular resolution. Importantly, these "Mass Cytometry Imaging" (MCI) modalities are being rapidly adopted for studies of the immune system in both health and disease. In this review we discuss, first, the various applications of MCI to date. Second, due to the inherent challenge of analyzing high parameter spatial data, we discuss the various approaches that have been employed for the processing and analysis of data from MCI experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeva Baharlou
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicolas P. Canete
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony L. Cunningham
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew N. Harman
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellis Patrick
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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12
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Roles of Natural Killer T Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102487. [PMID: 31137499 PMCID: PMC6567827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse natural killer T (NKT) cells and natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells that are highly abundant in the liver. In addition to their already-known antitumor and antimicrobial functions, their pathophysiological roles in the kidney have recently become evident. Under normal circumstances, the proportion of activated NKT cells in the kidney increases with age. Administration of a synthetic sphingoglycolipid ligand (alpha-galactosylceramide) further activates NKT cells, resulting in injury to renal vascular endothelial cells via the perforin-mediated pathway and tubular epithelial cells via the TNF-α/Fas ligand pathway, causing acute kidney injury (AKI) with hematuria. Activation of NKT cells by common bacterial DNA (CpG-ODN) also causes AKI. In addition, NKT cells together with B cells play significant roles in experimental lupus nephritis in NZB/NZW F1 mice through their Th2 immune responses. Mouse NK cells are also assumed to be involved in various renal diseases, and there may be complementary roles shared between NKT and NK cells. Human CD56+ T cells, a functional counterpart of mouse NKT cells, also damage renal cells through a mechanism similar to that of mice. A subpopulation of human CD56+ NK cells also exert strong cytotoxicity against renal cells and contribute to the progression of renal fibrosis.
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13
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Zhu H, Zhang Q, Chen G. CXCR6 deficiency ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing the recruitment and cytokine production of hepatic NKT cells in a mouse model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:224-234. [PMID: 31002999 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver is used for transplantation due to organ shortage, but prone to cause complications like ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). NKT cells as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity were reported to infiltrate the liver at the early phase of IRI induced in normal liver. However, the localization mechanism of NKT cells is not precise, and the role of NKT cells in fatty liver IRI is poorly understood. In present murine IRI model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, we demonstrated that although the number reduced in fatty liver, NKT cells still activated and accumulated to fatty liver following IRI, and contributed to IRI by producing inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ. We revealed that NKT cells in fatty liver expressed more CXCR6, a vital chemokine receptor; meanwhile, the ligand CXCL16 mRNA expression level in fatty liver was up-regulated. The up-regulation of the CXCR6/CXCL16 axis in fatty liver happened in IRI, which maybe endow NKT cells more chemotaxis. We further found CXCR6 deficiency reduced the recruitment of NKT cells in a tissue-dependent manner, and impaired the IFN-γ producing capacity of hepatic NKT cells. Serum ALT level and hepatic histology were both improved in CXCR6 deficient mice. The results provide evidence of the pathogenic role of NKT cells in fatty liver IRI, and important localization mechanism involving up-regulated CXCR6/CXCL16. Deficiency of CXCR6 protects the fatty liver from IRI by reducing the recruitment and cytokine production of hepatic NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbing Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center of The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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14
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Ashhurst AS, Flórido M, Lin LCW, Quan D, Armitage E, Stifter SA, Stambas J, Britton WJ. CXCR6-Deficiency Improves the Control of Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Influenza Infection Independent of T-Lymphocyte Recruitment to the Lungs. Front Immunol 2019; 10:339. [PMID: 30899256 PMCID: PMC6416161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T-lymphocytes are critical for protection against respiratory infections, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and influenza virus, with chemokine receptors playing an important role in directing these cells to the lungs. CXCR6 is expressed by activated T-lymphocytes and its ligand, CXCL16, is constitutively expressed by the bronchial epithelia, suggesting a role in T-lymphocyte recruitment and retention. However, it is unknown whether CXCR6 is required in responses to pulmonary infection, particularly on CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Analysis of CXCR6-reporter mice revealed that in naïve mice, lung leukocyte expression of CXCR6 was largely restricted to a small population of T-lymphocytes, but this population was highly upregulated after either infection. Nevertheless, pulmonary infection of CXCR6-deficient mice with M. tuberculosis or recombinant influenza A virus expressing P25 peptide (rIAV-P25), an I-Ab-restricted epitope from the immunodominant mycobacterial antigen, Ag85B, demonstrated that the receptor was redundant for recruitment of T-lymphocytes to the lungs. Interestingly, CXCR6-deficiency resulted in reduced bacterial burden in the lungs 6 weeks after M. tuberculosis infection, and reduced weight loss after rIAV-P25 infection compared to wild type controls. This was paradoxically associated with a decrease in Th1-cytokine responses in the lung parenchyma. Adoptive transfer of P25-specific CXCR6-deficient T-lymphocytes into WT mice revealed that this functional change in Th1-cytokine production was not due to a T-lymphocyte intrinsic mechanism. Moreover, there was no reduction in the number or function of CD4+ and CD8+ tissue resident memory cells in the lungs of CXCR6-deficient mice. Although CXCR6 was not required for T-lymphocyte recruitment or retention in the lungs, CXCR6 influenced the kinetics of the inflammatory response so that deficiency led to increased host control of M. tuberculosis and influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese S Ashhurst
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Manuela Flórido
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Leon C W Lin
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Quan
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ellis Armitage
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sebastian A Stifter
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John Stambas
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Tuberculosis Research Program Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Central Clinical School Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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15
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Cortesi F, Delfanti G, Casorati G, Dellabona P. The Pathophysiological Relevance of the iNKT Cell/Mononuclear Phagocyte Crosstalk in Tissues. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2375. [PMID: 30369933 PMCID: PMC6194905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are regarded as sentinels of tissue integrity by sensing local cell stress and damage. This occurs via recognition of CD1d-restricted lipid antigens, generated by stress-related metabolic changes, and stimulation by inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-12 and IL-18. Increasing evidence suggest that this occurs mainly upon NKT cell interaction with CD1d-expressing cells of the Mononuclear Phagocytic System, i.e., monocytes, macrophages and DCs, which patrol parenchymatous organs and mucosae to maintain tissue homeostasis and immune surveillance. In this review, we discuss critical examples of this crosstalk, presenting the known underlying mechanisms and their effects on both cell types and the environment, and suggest that the interaction with CD1d-expressing mononuclear phagocytes in tissues is the fundamental job of NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cortesi
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gloria Delfanti
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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16
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Viehmann SF, Böhner AM, Kurts C, Brähler S. The multifaceted role of the renal mononuclear phagocyte system. Cell Immunol 2018; 330:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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17
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Uchida T, Nakashima H, Yamagata A, Ito S, Ishikiriyama T, Nakashima M, Seki S, Kumagai H, Oshima N. Repeated administration of alpha-galactosylceramide ameliorates experimental lupus nephritis in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8225. [PMID: 29844470 PMCID: PMC5974230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis is a crucial complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. In this study, we investigated the roles of mouse natural killer T (NKT) cells in lupus nephritis. From 24 weeks of age, NZB/NZW F1 mice were injected with alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) or vehicle once a week for four weeks. In the α-GalCer group, the levels of proteinuria and blood urea nitrogen were significantly lower than those in the vehicle group. The histological evaluation showed a decrease in glomerular immune complex deposits and an alleviation of podocyte injury. The proportion of NKT cells in the mononuclear cell (MNC) fraction in the α-GalCer group was significantly decreased in the liver, kidney, and spleen. The proliferation and cytokine production in α-GalCer-stimulated liver MNCs were markedly diminished in the α-GalCer group (anergy). The IFN-γ production in liver MNCs stimulated by concanavalin A or an anti-CD3 antibody did not differ between the two groups, whereas the IL-4 production was significantly lower in the α-GalCer group. In addition, the IgM production in CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide-stimulated spleen MNCs was significantly lower in the α-GalCer group. These results suggest that α-GalCer suppressed Th2 immune responses in NKT cells and B cell function, thereby slowing the progression of lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Uchida
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Yamagata
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seigo Ito
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishikiriyama
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuhji Seki
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroo Kumagai
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoki Oshima
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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18
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Brähler S, Zinselmeyer BH, Raju S, Nitschke M, Suleiman H, Saunders BT, Johnson MW, Böhner AMC, Viehmann SF, Theisen DJ, Kretzer NM, Briseño CG, Zaitsev K, Ornatsky O, Chang Q, Carrero JA, Kopp JB, Artyomov MN, Kurts C, Murphy KM, Miner JH, Shaw AS. Opposing Roles of Dendritic Cell Subsets in Experimental GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:138-154. [PMID: 29217759 PMCID: PMC5748909 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017030270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are thought to form a dendritic network across barrier surfaces and throughout organs, including the kidney, to perform an important sentinel function. However, previous studies of DC function used markers, such as CD11c or CX3CR1, that are not unique to DCs. Here, we evaluated the role of DCs in renal inflammation using a CD11c reporter mouse line and two mouse lines with DC-specific reporters, Zbtb46-GFP and Snx22-GFP. Multiphoton microscopy of kidney sections confirmed that most of the dendritically shaped CD11c+ cells forming a network throughout the renal interstitium expressed macrophage-specific markers. In contrast, DCs marked by Zbtb46-GFP or Snx22-GFP were less abundant, concentrated around blood vessels, and round in shape. We confirmed this pattern of localization using imaging mass cytometry. Motility measurements showed that resident macrophages were sessile, whereas DCs were motile before and after inflammation. Although uninflamed glomeruli rarely contained DCs, injury with nephrotoxic antibodies resulted in accumulation of ZBTB46 + cells in the periglomerular region. ZBTB46 identifies all classic DCs, which can be categorized into two functional subsets that express either CD103 or CD11b. Depletion of ZBTB46 + cells attenuated the antibody-induced kidney injury, whereas deficiency of the CD103+ subset accelerated injury through a mechanism that involved increased neutrophil infiltration. RNA sequencing 7 days after nephrotoxic antibody injection showed that CD11b+ DCs expressed the neutrophil-attracting cytokine CXCL2, whereas CD103+ DCs expressed high levels of several anti-inflammatory genes. These results provide new insights into the distinct functions of the two major DC subsets in glomerular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Brähler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, and
- Department II of Internal Medicine and
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexander M C Böhner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne F Viehmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Qing Chang
- Fluidigm Inc., Markham, Ontario, Canada; and
| | | | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology
- Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Andrey S Shaw
- Research Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California;
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19
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Krebs CF, Panzer U. Plasticity and heterogeneity of Th17 in immune-mediated kidney diseases. J Autoimmun 2017; 87:61-68. [PMID: 29275837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmatic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis, anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis are the most common causes of rapid progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) in the Western world. These aggressive forms of autoimmune kidney diseases significantly contribute to end-stage renal disease and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Moreover, patients show significant heterogeneity with respect to clinical outcome and response to therapy. T cell infiltration is a morphological hallmark of RPGN and it is a critical driver of kidney injury. Different CD4+ T cell subsets that are endowed with distinct regulatory and effector functions are involved in this detrimental inflammatory process. In particular, the identification and functional characterization of IL-17-expressing CD4+ Th17 cells have substantially advanced our understanding of organ-specific autoimmunity. In experimental models of crescentic and proliferative GN, including ANCA-associated GN, anti-GBM-GN and lupus nephritis, the Th17/IL-17 axis significantly contributes to renal tissue damage. In patients with ANCA-associated GN or lupus nephritis, IL-17 serum levels correlated with disease activity. Moreover, Th17 cells are present in the kidneys of these patients and represents a topic of intense ongoing clinical and basic research. Importantly, recent studies have challenged the view of CD4+ T cells subsets as terminally differentiated homogenous cells, showing that T cells, in particular Th17 cells, are much more flexible and heterogeneous than previously thought. However, analysis of Th17 cell fate in mouse models of autoimmune kidney disease revealed a high degree of stability within these cells, an observation that is in contrast to Th17 cells in other models of autoimmune diseases including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Interestingly, anti-CD3 treatment interferes with stable Th17 cells and induces a potential regulatory phenotype in Th17 cells, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting pathogenic Th17 cells in autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of Th17 cell plasticity and heterogeneity in autoimmune kidney diseases with a special focus on the underlying mechanisms of this process and debate if Th17 cell plasticity is beneficial or harmful to renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Krebs
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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20
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Dhana E, Ludwig-Portugall I, Kurts C. Role of immune cells in crystal-induced kidney fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2017; 68-69:280-292. [PMID: 29221812 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases can lead to kidney fibrosis, which can be considered a futile attempt of tissue healing to replaces functional kidney tissue with connective tissue, basically forming a scar. Chronic inflammation is a frequent cause of kidney fibrosis. Classical as well as recently discovered immune cell subsets and their molecular mediators have been intensively investigated for their contribution to kidney fibrosis and their potential as therapeutic targets. Here we review the current knowledge about the role of immune cells in crystal-induced renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermanila Dhana
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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21
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Turner JE, Becker M, Mittrücker HW, Panzer U. Tissue-Resident Lymphocytes in the Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:389-399. [PMID: 29093030 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017060599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become evident that nonlymphoid tissues are populated by distinct subsets of innate and adaptive lymphocytes that are characterized by minimal exchange with recirculating counterparts. Especially at barrier sites, such as the skin, gut, and lung, these tissue-resident lymphocyte populations are ideally positioned to quickly respond to pathogens and other environmental stimuli. The kidney harbors several classes of innate and innate-like lymphocytes that have been described to contribute to this tissue-resident population in other organs, including innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, mucosal-associated invariant T cells, and γδ T cells. Additionally, a substantial proportion of the adaptive lymphocytes that are found in the kidney displays a surface phenotype suggestive of tissue residency, such as CD69+CD4+ T cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of tissue-resident lymphocyte populations, review the available evidence for the existence of these populations in the kidney, and discuss the potential physiologic and pathophysiologic roles thereof in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Krebs CF, Schmidt T, Riedel JH, Panzer U. T helper type 17 cells in immune-mediated glomerular disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:647-659. [PMID: 28781371 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD4+ T cells are important drivers of tissue damage in immune-mediated renal diseases, such as anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis, and lupus nephritis. The discovery of a distinct, IL-17-producing CD4+ T-cell lineage termed T helper type 17 (TH17) cells has markedly advanced current understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of organ-specific immunity and the pathways that lead to target organ damage. TH17 cells are characterized by the expression of the transcription factor RORγt, the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and high expression of the chemokine receptor C-C-motif chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6). An emerging body of evidence from experimental models and human studies supports a key role for these cells in the development of renal damage, and has led to the identification of targets to inhibit the production of TH17 cells in the intestine, their migration, or their actions within the kidney. Here, we describe the identification, regulation, and function of TH17 cells and their associated pathways in immune-mediated kidney diseases, with a particular focus on the mechanisms underlying renal tissue injury. We also discuss the rationale for the translation of these findings into new therapeutic approaches in patients with autoimmune kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Krebs
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tilman Schmidt
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Riedel
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Abstract
Leptospirosis is globally widespread neglected disease, affecting most mammalian species. Clinical signs can be confused with other diseases which make the diagnosis and treatment difficult. Chemokines and cytokines are known for their role in the inflammatory and immune response to infections. The profile determination of chemokines' expressions in the course of infection may elucidate the defense mechanisms of the host and support the search for effective treatment strategies. We investigated the mechanisms of innate immunity through the comparison of chemokines induced during infection with L. interrogans in mice with different levels of susceptibility. We used lung and spleen tissues samples of mice from C3H/HeJ, C3H/HePas and Balb/c, respectively sensitive, intermediate susceptibility and resistant to the pathogen. The inoculation of L. interrogans in C3H/HeJ mice led a comparatively smaller change in chemokines expression in both spleen and lung tissues. In samples from spleens and lungs of C3H/HePas and Balb/c the higher increases occurred on CXCL9, CXCL16, CXCL5, CCL8 and CCL5 in Balb/c. Given the same genetic background, the differences in the responses of C3H/HePas compared to C3H/HeJ mice strongly suggest the role of chemokines for the survival of parental strain. Therefore, the greatest increase in CXC chemokines appears to be efficient to induce migration of cells to the secondary lymphoid organs and affected tissues, which is important to control infection. Overall, CXC chemokines are important for the activation and attraction of T cell and may influence the course and control of the infection in resistant Balb/c mice.
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24
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Melzer MK, Lopez-Martinez A, Altomonte J. Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a Viro-Immunotherapy: Defeating Cancer with a "Hammer" and "Anvil". Biomedicines 2017; 5:E8. [PMID: 28536351 PMCID: PMC5423493 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines5010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have gained much attention in recent years, due, not only to their ability to selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells, but to their potential to stimulate antitumor immune responses directed against the tumor. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a negative-strand RNA virus, is under intense development as an oncolytic virus due to a variety of favorable properties, including its rapid replication kinetics, inherent tumor specificity, and its potential to elicit a broad range of immunomodulatory responses to break immune tolerance in the tumor microenvironment. Based on this powerful platform, a multitude of strategies have been applied to further improve the immune-stimulating potential of VSV and synergize these responses with the direct oncolytic effect. These strategies include: 1. modification of endogenous virus genes to stimulate interferon induction; 2. virus-mediated expression of cytokines or immune-stimulatory molecules to enhance anti-tumor immune responses; 3. vaccination approaches to stimulate adaptive immune responses against a tumor antigen; 4. combination with adoptive immune cell therapy for potentially synergistic therapeutic responses. A summary of these approaches will be presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Arturo Lopez-Martinez
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Altomonte
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
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25
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Effect of PD-1: PD-L1 in Invariant Natural Killer T-Cell Emigration and Chemotaxis Following Sepsis. Shock 2017; 45:534-9. [PMID: 26717105 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT) are a subset of T-cells that play a regulatory role in sepsis. Following cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), iNKT cells emigrate from the liver and into the circulation and peritoneum in a manner dependent upon coinhibitory molecule Programmed Cell Death Receptor 1 (PD-1). We hypothesized that the effect of PD-1 on iNKT-cell emigration was dependent upon the direct PD-1:PD-L1 interaction, and that PD-1 and PD-L1 would play a role in chemotaxis and chemokine receptor expression. Adoptive transfer of Vybrant-labeled wild-type (WT) cells showed the donor iNKT cells migrated from the liver to the peritoneum following CLP, but PD-L1 deficient donor iNKT cells did not. In a chemotaxis assay, WT-iNKT cells chemotaxed to CXCL12, but PD-1 and PD-L1 deficient iNKT cells did not. Using flow cytometry to evaluate chemokine receptor expression, peritoneal iNKT expression of CXCR4 increased following CLP in the WT, PD-1, and PD-L1 deficient animals, and CXCR6 increased in the WT and PD-1 deficient animals. In conclusion here we document that the hepatic emigration of iNKT cells following CLP to the peritoneum appears dependent upon the direct PD-1:PD-L1 interaction; however, although PD-1 and PD-L1 appear to play a role in chemotaxis, this is unlikely a reflection of iNKT-cell chemokine receptor expression changes.
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26
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Zhuang Q, Cheng K, Ming Y. CX3CL1/CX3CR1 Axis, as the Therapeutic Potential in Renal Diseases: Friend or Foe? Curr Gene Ther 2017; 17:442-452. [PMID: 29446734 PMCID: PMC5902862 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666180214092536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fractalkine receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX3CR1) and its highly selective ligand CX3CL1 mediate chemotaxis and adhesion of immune cells, which are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous inflammatory disorders and malignancies. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis has recently drawn attention as a potential therapeutic target because it is involved in the ontogeny, homeostatic migration, or colonization of renal phagocytes. We performed a Medline/PubMed search to detect recently published studies that explored the relationship between the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and renal diseases and disorders, including diabetic nephropathy, renal allograft rejection, infectious renal diseases, IgA nephropathy, fibrotic kidney disease, lupus nephritis and glomerulonephritis, acute kidney injury and renal carcinoma. Most studies demonstrated its role in promoting renal pathopoiesis; however, several recent studies showed that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis could also reduce renal pathopoiesis. Thus, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is now considered to be a double-edged sword that could provide novel perspectives into the pathogenesis and treatment of renal diseases and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410013, China
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27
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Artinger K, Kirsch AH, Aringer I, Moschovaki-Filippidou F, Eller P, Rosenkranz AR, Eller K. Innate and adaptive immunity in experimental glomerulonephritis: a pathfinder tale. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:943-947. [PMID: 27169420 PMCID: PMC5399043 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of innate and adaptive immune cells in the experimental model of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTS) has been rigorously studied in recent years. The model is dependent on kidney-infiltrating T helper (TH) 17 and TH1 cells, which recruit neutrophils and macrophages, respectively, and cause sustained kidney inflammation. In a later phase of disease, regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrate the kidney in an attempt to limit disease activity. In the early stage of NTS, lymph node drainage plays an important role in disease initiation since dendritic cells present the antigen to T cells in the T cell zones of the draining lymph nodes. This results in the differentiation and proliferation of TH17 and TH1 cells. In this setting, immune regulatory cells (Tregs), namely, CCR7-expressing Tregs and mast cells (MCs), which are recruited by Tregs via the production of interleukin-9, exert their immunosuppressive capacity. Together, these two cell populations inhibit T cell differentiation and proliferation, thereby limiting disease activity by as yet unknown mechanisms. In contrast, the spleen plays no role in immune activation in NTS, but constitutes a place of extramedullary haematopoiesis. The complex interactions of immune cells in NTS are still under investigation and might ultimately lead to targeted therapies in glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Artinger
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander H. Kirsch
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ida Aringer
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Foteini Moschovaki-Filippidou
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Eller
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Intensive Care Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander R. Rosenkranz
- 0000 0000 8988 2476grid.11598.34Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 27, 8036, Graz, Austria.
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28
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Krebs CF, Turner JE, Paust HJ, Kapffer S, Koyro T, Krohn S, Ufer F, Friese MA, Flavell RA, Stockinger B, Steinmetz OM, Stahl RAK, Huber S, Panzer U. Plasticity of Th17 Cells in Autoimmune Kidney Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:449-57. [PMID: 27271566 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability of CD4(+) T cells to differentiate into pathogenic Th1 and Th17 or protective T regulatory cells plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Recent data suggest that CD4(+) T cell subsets display a considerable plasticity. This plasticity seems to be a critical factor for their pathogenicity, but also for the potential transition of pathogenic effector T cells toward a more tolerogenic phenotype. The aim of the current study was to analyze the plasticity of Th17 cells in a mouse model of acute crescentic glomerulonephritis and in a mouse chronic model of lupus nephritis. By transferring in vitro generated, highly purified Th17 cells and by using IL-17A fate reporter mice, we demonstrate that Th17 cells fail to acquire substantial expression of the Th1 and Th2 signature cytokines IFN-γ and IL-13, respectively, or the T regulatory transcription factor Foxp3 throughout the course of renal inflammation. In an attempt to therapeutically break the stability of the Th17 phenotype in acute glomerulonephritis, we subjected nephritic mice to CD3-specific Ab treatment. Indeed, this treatment induced an immunoregulatory phenotype in Th17 cells, which was marked by high expression of IL-10 and attenuated renal tissue damage in acute glomerulonephritis. In summary, we show that Th17 cells display a minimum of plasticity in acute and chronic experimental glomerulonephritis and introduce anti-CD3 treatment as a tool to induce a regulatory phenotype in Th17 cells in the kidney that may be therapeutically exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian F Krebs
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Paust
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Kapffer
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Koyro
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Krohn
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Ufer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Brigitta Stockinger
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Research Council National Institute for Medical Research, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom; and
| | - Oliver M Steinmetz
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf A K Stahl
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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29
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Evers BDG, Engel DR, Böhner AMC, Tittel AP, Krause TA, Heuser C, Garbi N, Kastenmüller W, Mack M, Tiegs G, Panzer U, Boor P, Ludwig-Portugall I, Kurts C. CD103+ Kidney Dendritic Cells Protect against Crescentic GN by Maintaining IL-10-Producing Regulatory T Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3368-3382. [PMID: 27036736 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney dendritic cells (DCs) regulate nephritogenic T cell responses. Most kidney DCs belong to the CD11b+ subset and promote crescentic GN (cGN). The function of the CD103+ subset, which represents <5% of kidney DCs, is poorly understood. We studied the role of CD103+ DCs in cGN using several lines of genetically modified mice that allowed us to reduce the number of these cells. In all lines, we detected a reduction of FoxP3+ intrarenal regulatory T cells (Tregs), which protect against cGN. Mice lacking the transcription factor Batf3 had a more profound reduction of CD103+ DCs and Tregs than did the other lines used, and showed the most profound aggravation of cGN. The conditional reduction of CD103+ DC numbers by 50% in Langerin-DTR mice halved Treg numbers, which did not suffice to significantly aggravate cGN. Mice lacking the cytokine Flt3L had fewer CD103+ DCs and Tregs than Langerin-DTR mice but exhibited milder cGN than did Batf3-/- mice presumably because proinflammatory CD11b+ DCs were somewhat depleted as well. Conversely, Flt3L supplementation increased the number of CD103+ DCs and Tregs, but also of proinflammatory CD11b+ DCs. On antibody-mediated removal of CD11b+ DCs, Flt3L supplementation ameliorated cGN. Mechanistically, CD103+ DCs caused cocultured T cells to differentiate into Tregs and produced the chemokine CCL20, which is known to attract Tregs into the kidney. Our findings show that CD103+ DCs foster intrarenal FoxP3+ Treg accumulation, thereby antagonizing proinflammatory CD11b+ DCs. Thus, increasing CD103+ DC numbers or functionality might be advantageous in cGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix D G Evers
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniel R Engel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen and University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander M C Böhner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - André P Tittel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Torsten A Krause
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Heuser
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kastenmüller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Center for Interventional Immunology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology and
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III Clinic of Nephrology, University Clinic Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology and Department of Nephrology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany
| | - Isis Ludwig-Portugall
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University Clinic of the Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany;
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30
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Riedel JH, Paust HJ, Krohn S, Turner JE, Kluger MA, Steinmetz OM, Krebs CF, Stahl RAK, Panzer U. IL-17F Promotes Tissue Injury in Autoimmune Kidney Diseases. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3666-3677. [PMID: 27030744 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The TH17 immune response has a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, implicating the TH17 master cytokine, IL-17A, as the critical mediator of diseases such as human and experimental crescentic GN. However, the relative importance of additional TH17 effector cytokines, including IL-17F, in immune-mediated tissue injury remains to be fully elucidated. Here, using a mouse model of acute crescentic GN (nephrotoxic nephritis), we identified CD4+ T cells and γδ T cells as the major cellular source of IL-17F in the inflamed kidney. Interventional studies using IL-17F gene-deficient mice, IL-17F-neutralizing antibodies, and adoptive transfer experiments into Rag1-/- mice demonstrated that CD4+ T cell-derived IL-17F drives renal tissue injury in acute crescentic GN. Notably, IL-17F-deficient nephritic mice had fewer renal infiltrating neutrophils than wild-type nephritic mice, and neutrophil depletion did not affect the course of GN in IL-17F-deficient mice. Moreover, in the chronic model of pristane-induced SLE, IL-17F-deficient mice developed less severe disease than wild-type mice, with respect to survival and renal injury. Finally, we show that IL-17F induced expression of the neutrophil-attracting chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL5 in kidney cells. The finding that IL-17F has a nonredundant function in the development of renal tissue injury in experimental GN might be of great importance for the development of anti-IL-17 cytokine therapies in TH17-mediated human autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Riedel
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Paust
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Krohn
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte A Kluger
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver M Steinmetz
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F Krebs
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf A K Stahl
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Paust HJ, Riedel JH, Krebs CF, Turner JE, Brix SR, Krohn S, Velden J, Wiech T, Kaffke A, Peters A, Bennstein SB, Kapffer S, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Wegscheid C, Tiegs G, Thaiss F, Mittrücker HW, Steinmetz OM, Stahl RAK, Panzer U. CXCR3+ Regulatory T Cells Control TH1 Responses in Crescentic GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1933-42. [PMID: 26534920 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015020203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors are implicated in regulatory T cell (Treg) trafficking to sites of inflammation and suppression of excessive immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases; however, the specific requirements for Treg migration into the inflamed organs and the positioning of these cells within the tissue are incompletely understood. Here, we report that Tregs expressing the TH1-associated chemokine receptor CXCR3 are enriched in the kidneys of patients with ANCA-associated crescentic GN and colocalize with CXCR3(+) effector T cells. To investigate the functional role of CXCR3(+) Tregs, we generated mice that lack CXCR3 in Tregs specifically (Foxp3(eGFP-Cre) × Cxcr3(fl/fl)) and induced experimental crescentic GN. Treg-specific deletion of CXCR3 resulted in reduced Treg recruitment to the kidney and an overwhelming TH1 immune response, with an aggravated course of the nephritis that was reversible on anti-IFNγ treatment. Together, these findings show that a subset of Tregs expresses CXCR3 and thereby, acquires trafficking properties of pathogenic CXCR3(+) TH1 cells, allowing Treg localization and control of excessive TH1 responses at sites of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gisa Tiegs
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie und Hepatologie, and
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32
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Alhasson F, Dattaroy D, Das S, Chandrashekaran V, Seth RK, Schnellmann RG, Chatterjee S. NKT cell modulates NAFLD potentiation of metabolic oxidative stress-induced mesangial cell activation and proximal tubular toxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F85-F101. [PMID: 26447219 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00243.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated with the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. We recently showed that NAFLD induces liver-specific cytochrome P-450 (CYP)2E1-mediated metabolic oxidative stress after administration of the CYP2E1 substrate bromodichloromethane (BDCM) (Seth RK, Das S, Kumar A, Chanda A, Kadiiska MB, Michelotti G, Manautou J, Diehl AM, Chatterjee S. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 274: 42-54, 2014; Seth RK, Kumar A, Das S, Kadiiska MB, Michelotti G, Diehl AM, Chatterjee S. Toxicol Sci 134:291-303, 2013). The present study examined the effects of CYP2E1-mediated oxidative stress in NAFLD leading to kidney toxicity. Mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 wk to induce NAFLD. NAFLD mice were exposed to BDCM, a CYP2E1 substrate, for 4 wk. NAFLD + BDCM increased CYP2E1-mediated lipid peroxidation in proximal tubular cells compared with mice with NAFLD alone or BDCM-treated lean mice, thus ruling out the exclusive role of BDCM. Lipid peroxidation increased IL-1β, TNF-α, and interferon-γ. In parallel, mesangial cell activation was observed by increased α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor-β, which was blocked by the CYP2E1 inhibitor diallyl sulphide both in vivo and in vitro. Mice lacking natural killer T cells (CD1d knockout mice) showed elevated (>4-fold) proinflammatory mediator release, increased Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and PDGF2 mRNA, and mesangial cell activation in the kidney. Finally, NAFLD CD1D knockout mice treated with BDCM exhibited increased high mobility group box 1 and Fas ligand levels and TUNEL-positive nuclei, indicating that higher cell death was attenuated in TLR4 knockout mice. Tubular cells showed increased cell death and cytokine release when incubated with activated mesangial cells. In summary, an underlying condition of progressive NAFLD causes renal immunotoxicity and aberrant glomerular function possibly through high mobility group box 1-dependent TLR4 signaling and mesangial cell activation, which, in turn, is modulated by intrinsic CD1D-dependent natural killer T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Alhasson
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - Diptadip Dattaroy
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - Suvarthi Das
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - Varun Chandrashekaran
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - Ratanesh Kumar Seth
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
| | - Rick G Schnellmann
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; and
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Gottschalk C, Kurts C. The Debate about Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in the Kidney. Front Immunol 2015; 6:435. [PMID: 26388867 PMCID: PMC4556034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system includes macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), which are usually classified by morphology, phenotypical characteristics, and function. In the last decades, large research communities have gathered substantial knowledge on the roles of these cells in immune homeostasis and anti-infectious defense. However, these communities developed to a degree independent from each other, so that the nomenclature and functions of the numerous DC and macrophage subsets overlap, resulting in the present intense debate about the correct nomenclature. This controversy has also reached the field of experimental nephrology. At present, no mutually accepted way to distinguish renal DC and macrophages is available, so that many important roles in acute and chronic kidney disease have been ascribed to both DCs and macrophages. In this perspective article, we discuss the causes and consequences of the overlapping DC-macrophage classification systems, functional roles of DCs and macrophages, and the transferability of recent findings from other disciplines to the renal mononuclear phagocyte system from the nephrologist's point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gottschalk
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Bonn , Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn , Bonn , Germany
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Massa C, Thomas C, Wang E, Marincola F, Seliger B. Different maturation cocktails provide dendritic cells with different chemoattractive properties. J Transl Med 2015; 13:175. [PMID: 26695182 PMCID: PMC4467838 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dendritic cells (DC) are currently implemented as immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of tumor patients based on their central role in the immune system. Despite good results were obtained in vitro and in animal models, their clinical use has provided limited success suggesting the requirement to optimise the protocol for their production. Methods A cDNA array was performed on FastDC obtained from the differentiation of human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with the clinical gold standard or with two alternative maturation cocktails combining interferon (IFN)γ and ligands for different toll like receptors (TLR). Results A stronger modulation of the DC transcriptome with respect to immature DC was found in alternatively stimulated DC when compared to DC stimulated with the clinical gold standard. A major class of molecules differentially expressed using distinct DC stimulation protocols were chemokines. Validation of their differential expression pattern at the mRNA and protein level confirmed the secretion of inflammatory chemokines by the alternative DC. Functional analyses of the chemotactic properties of DC “wash out” supernatants highlighted the ability of alternative, but not of gold standard DC to efficiently recruit immune cells with a prevalence of monocytes. Effector cells belonging to the innate as well as adaptive immunity were also attracted and the interaction with alternative DC resulted in enhanced secretion of IFNγ and induction of cytotoxic activity. Using leukocytes from cancer patients, it was demonstrated that the monocyte-attracting activity targeted cells with an inflammatory phenotype characterised by high levels of HLA-DR expression. Conclusions Despite other classes of immune modulatory genes differently expressed in the alternative DC require to be investigated and characterised regarding their functional consequences, the reduced maturation state and chemoattractive properties of the gold standard versus alternative DC clearly promote the necessity to change the clinically used maturation cocktail of DC in order to improve the outcome of patients treated with DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger str. 2, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Carolin Thomas
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger str. 2, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ena Wang
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, USA. .,Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Francesco Marincola
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institute of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, USA. .,Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger str. 2, 06112, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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Pathogen-expanded CD11b+ invariant NKT cells feedback inhibit T cell proliferation via membrane-bound TGF-β1. J Autoimmun 2015; 58:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Hochheiser K, Kurts C. Selective Dependence of Kidney Dendritic Cells on CX3CR1--Implications for Glomerulonephritis Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 850:55-71. [PMID: 26324346 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15774-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As central regulators of the adaptive immune response, dendritic cells (DCs) are found in virtually all lymphatic and non-lymphatic organs. A compact network of DCs also spans the kidneys. DCs play a central role in maintenance of organ homeostasis as well as in induction of immune responses against invading pathogens. They can mediate protective or destructive functions in a context-dependent manner.We recently identified CX(3)CR1 as a kidney-specific "homing receptor" for DCs. There was a strong reduction of DCs in the kidneys of CX(3)CR1-deficient mice compared to controls. This reduction was not observed in other organs except the small intestine. As a possible underlying reason we found a strong expression of the CX(3)CR1 ligand fractalkine in the kidneys. Due to this CX(3)CR1-dependent reduction of DCs, especially in the renal cortex, a glomerulonephritis (GN) model was ameliorated in CX(3)CR1-deficient mice. In contrast, the immune defense against the most common renal infection, bacterial pyelonephritis (PN), was not significantly influenced by CX(3)CR1-deficiency. This was explained by the much smaller CX(3)CR1-dependency of medullary DCs, which recruit effector cells into the kidney during PN. Additionally, once neutrophils had been recruited by mechanisms distinct from CX(3)CR1, they carried out some of the functions of DCs.Taken together, we suggest CX(3)CR1 as a therapeutic target for GN treatment, as the absence of CX(3)CR1 selectively influences DCs in the kidney without rendering mice more susceptible towards bacterial kidney infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Hochheiser
- Institute of Experimental Immunology(IMMEI), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University, 53105, Bonn, Germany,
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37
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Chen T, Cao Q, Wang Y, Harris D. The Role of Dendritic Cells in Renal Inflammation. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-014-0059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Odobasic D, Ghali JR, O'Sullivan KM, Holdsworth SR, Kitching AR. Glomerulonephritis Induced by Heterologous Anti-GBM Globulin as a Planted Foreign Antigen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 106:15.26.1-15.26.20. [PMID: 25081909 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im1526s106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The glomerulonephritides are diseases characterized by immune-mediated glomerular inflammation. Most severe and rapidly progressive forms of glomerulonephritis feature the participation of injurious leukocytes that localize to glomeruli. This unit describes classical models of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in mice, induced by injecting heterologous globulin (raised in sheep) that binds to the glomerular basement membrane. These models have been particularly useful in defining the participation of effector leukocytes in severe glomerular disease. In these models, injury typically occurs in two phases. In the initial, heterologous phase, injury is mediated by the globulin bound within the glomerulus acting as an antibody. The later, autologous phase of injury is mediated by the host's adaptive immunity to the heterologous globulin now functioning as a planted foreign antigen within glomeruli. As autologous phase injury is driven by immunity to sheep globulin, assessment of antigen-specific systemic immunity to sheep globulin is critical when using this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Odobasic
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Joanna R Ghali
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kim M O'Sullivan
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stephen R Holdsworth
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | - A Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia.,Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
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Qin M, Guo Y, Jiang L, Wang X. Elevated levels of serum sCXCL16 in systemic lupus erythematosus; potential involvement in cutaneous and renal manifestations. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33:1595-601. [PMID: 25015061 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the levels and clinical significance of serum soluble chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 16 (sCXCL16) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as the sCXCL16 molecule's associations with disease activity and organ damage. Thirty-five patients with SLE, 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 15 healthy controls were included in this study. The demographic and clinical features of the patients were recorded. The serum levels of sCXCL16 were determined. Disease activity was assessed using the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and organ damage was evaluated with the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index (SDI). The serum levels of sCXCL16 in the patients with SLE were higher than those in the patients with RA (P = 0.002) or healthy controls (P < 0.0001). The levels in the patients with active SLE were higher than those in the disease inactive patients (P = 0.008). Positive correlations were identified between serum sCXCL16 concentrations and both SLEDAI (r = 0.564; P < 0.0001) and SDI scores (r = 0.396; P = 0.018). Both SLEDAI (P = 0.021) and serum levels of CXCL16 (P = 0.023) decreased after conventional treatment in 12 initial onset cases of SLE patients. Elevated serum sCXCL16 levels were discovered in the SLE patients with cutaneous (P = 0.006) and renal involvement (P = 0.032). Soluble CXCL16 may become a useful serological marker of disease activity and skin and renal involvement in SLE patients; thus, it may be used for evaluation of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muting Qin
- Department of Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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40
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Update on crescentic glomerulonephritis. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:479-90. [PMID: 24948005 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The recent years have seen a number of major progresses in the field of extracapillary glomerulonephritis. This entity is the final damage caused by unrelated immunological disorders such as immune complexes glomerular deposits or microvascular injury caused by proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil extracellular traps (NET), and cell adhesion molecules in the context of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). This review provides a summary of recent advances in the understanding of crescentic glomerulonephritis, focusing on interplays of local immune cells and on local mediators participating to crescent formation especially in anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody disease. The recent advances about AAV and lupus nephritis are covered by other chapters of this issue. Nevertheless, these considerations may apply to the general case of crescentic glomerulonephritis of all causes.
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Disteldorf EM, Krebs CF, Paust HJ, Turner JE, Nouailles G, Tittel A, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Stege G, Brix S, Velden J, Wiech T, Helmchen U, Steinmetz OM, Peters A, Bennstein SB, Kaffke A, Llanto C, Lira SA, Mittrücker HW, Stahl RAK, Kurts C, Kaufmann SHE, Panzer U. CXCL5 drives neutrophil recruitment in TH17-mediated GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:55-66. [PMID: 24904089 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013101061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil trafficking to sites of inflammation is essential for the defense against bacterial and fungal infections, but also contributes to tissue damage in TH17-mediated autoimmunity. This process is regulated by chemokines, which often show an overlapping expression pattern and function in pathogen- and autoimmune-induced inflammatory reactions. Using a murine model of crescentic GN, we show that the pathogenic TH17/IL-17 immune response induces chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5) expression in kidney tubular cells, which recruits destructive neutrophils that contribute to renal tissue injury. By contrast, CXCL5 was dispensable for neutrophil recruitment and effective bacterial clearance in a murine model of acute bacterial pyelonephritis. In line with these findings, CXCL5 expression was highly upregulated in the kidneys of patients with ANCA-associated crescentic GN as opposed to patients with acute bacterial pyelonephritis. Our data therefore identify CXCL5 as a potential therapeutic target for the restriction of pathogenic neutrophil infiltration in TH17-mediated autoimmune diseases while leaving intact the neutrophil function in protective immunity against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - André Tittel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Joachim Velden
- Department of Nephropathology, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chrystel Llanto
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergio A Lira
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, Bonn, Germany
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Heesch K, Raczkowski F, Schumacher V, Hünemörder S, Panzer U, Mittrücker HW. The function of the chemokine receptor CXCR6 in the T cell response of mice against Listeria monocytogenes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97701. [PMID: 24832098 PMCID: PMC4022635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine receptor CXCR6 is expressed on different T cell subsets and up-regulated following T cell activation. CXCR6 has been implicated in the localization of cells to the liver due to the constitutive expression of its ligand CXCL16 on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. Here, we analyzed the role of CXCR6 in CD8+ T cell responses to infection of mice with Listeria monocytogenes. CD8+ T cells responding to listerial antigens acquired high expression levels of CXCR6. However, deficiency of mice in CXCR6 did not impair control of the L. monocytogenes infection. CXCR6-deficient mice were able to generate listeria-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and showed accumulation of T cells in the infected liver. In transfer assays, we detected reduced accumulation of listeria-specific CXCR6-deficient CD8+ T cells in the liver at early time points post infection. Though, CXCR6 was dispensable at later time points of the CD8+ T cell response. When transferred CD8+ T cells were followed for extended time periods, we observed a decline in CXCR6-deficient CD8+ T cells. The manifestation of this cell loss depended on the tissue analyzed. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CXCR6 is not required for the formation of a T cell response to L. monocytogenes and for the accumulation of T cells in the infected liver but CXCR6 appears to influence long-term survival and tissue distribution of activated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Heesch
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (KH); (H-WM)
| | - Friederike Raczkowski
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Valéa Schumacher
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hünemörder
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- 3rd Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (KH); (H-WM)
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Izquierdo MC, Martin-Cleary C, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Elewa U, Sanchez-Niño MD, Carrero JJ, Ortiz A. CXCL16 in kidney and cardiovascular injury. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:317-25. [PMID: 24861945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CXC chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) is a CXC soluble chemokine, an adhesion molecule and a cell surface scavenger receptor. CXCL16 regulates inflammation, tissue injury and fibrosis. Parenchymal renal cells, vascular wall cells, leukocytes and platelets express and/or release CXCL16 under the regulation of inflammatory mediators. CXCL16 expression is increased in experimental and human nephropathies. Targeting CXCL16 protected from experimental glomerular injury or interstitial fibrosis. Conflicting results were reported for experimental cardiovascular injury. High circulating CXCL16 levels are associated to human kidney and cardiovascular disease and urinary CXCL16 may increase in kidney injury. In conclusion, mounting evidence suggests a role of CXCL16 in kidney and cardiovascular disease. However, a better understanding is still required before exploring CXCL16 targeting in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Usama Elewa
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain; REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain; REDINREN, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and FRIAT/IRSIN, Madrid, Spain.
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Peukert K, Wingender G, Patecki M, Wagner S, Schmitt R, Ge S, Schwarz A, Kronenberg M, Haller H, von Vietinghoff S. Invariant natural killer T cells are depleted in renal impairment and recover after kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014; 29:1020-8. [PMID: 24353323 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered immune function in patients with renal failure results in both susceptibility to infection and increased inflammatory response. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a conserved, immunoregulatory T lymphocyte subset that responds to lipid antigens with near-immediate cytokine production and cytotoxicity. iNKT cells are required for the antibacterial host response. Whether renal failure and renal replacement therapy alter iNKT cell abundance or phenotype has not been investigated. METHODS iNKT cells were studied by flow cytometry in the peripheral blood of patients with acute renal failure, chronic haemo- and peritoneal dialysis (PD), chronic kidney disease and after renal transplantation. RESULTS A very marked reduction in iNKT lymphocytes was found in acute renal failure before the first haemodialysis (HD) session. iNKT cells were depleted in end-stage renal disease patients receiving either HD or PD. iNKT cell depletion was accentuated after an HD session. Lesser degrees were observed in patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease. CD56 and CD161 NK cell marker expression was decreased in renal impairment. CD56(+) and CD161(+) iNKT cells produced more interferon-γ than negative cells of the same donor. Within the first year after kidney transplantation, the decrease in iNKT cells and their NK cell markers was reverted. CONCLUSIONS We describe for the first time that iNKT lymphocytes are reduced in end-stage renal disease and further depleted by HD. iNKT cells are important for early host response including activation of other immune cells and their depletion may contribute to immune dysfunction in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Peukert
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
The kidneys contain very few lymphocytes under homeostatic conditions. One kidney from a healthy mouse per average contains only 1-5 × 10(3) CD4(+) T cells. In immune-mediated kidney disease, γδ T cells, NKT cells, CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and regulatory T cells (Treg) infiltrate the kidney. Their numbers and subset composition of infiltrating T cells varies between the different forms of nephritis. For example, in glomerulonephritis CD4(+) T cells mediate renal injury, by local cytokine production, effector cell activation and/or by helping B cells to produce nephritogenic antibodies. A better understanding of the pathomechanisms of immune-mediated kidney diseases requires a method to isolate T cells from the kidney for ex vivo analysis. Here we describe an effective and specific isolation protocol for T cells from the murine kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Ludwig-Portugall
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53105, Bonn, Germany
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The immune system and kidney disease: basic concepts and clinical implications. Nat Rev Immunol 2013; 13:738-53. [PMID: 24037418 DOI: 10.1038/nri3523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys are frequently targeted by pathogenic immune responses against renal autoantigens or by local manifestations of systemic autoimmunity. Recent studies in rodent models and humans have uncovered several underlying mechanisms that can be used to explain the previously enigmatic immunopathology of many kidney diseases. These mechanisms include kidney-specific damage-associated molecular patterns that cause sterile inflammation, the crosstalk between renal dendritic cells and T cells, the development of kidney-targeting autoantibodies and molecular mimicry with microbial pathogens. Conversely, kidney failure affects general immunity, causing intestinal barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation and immunodeficiency that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of patients with kidney disease. In this Review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the interactions between the kidneys and the immune system.
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Hochheiser K, Heuser C, Krause TA, Teteris S, Ilias A, Weisheit C, Hoss F, Tittel AP, Knolle PA, Panzer U, Engel DR, Tharaux PL, Kurts C. Exclusive CX3CR1 dependence of kidney DCs impacts glomerulonephritis progression. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4242-54. [PMID: 23999431 DOI: 10.1172/jci70143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
DCs and macrophages both express the chemokine receptor CX3CR1. Here we demonstrate that its ligand, CX3CL1, is highly expressed in the murine kidney and intestine. CX3CR1 deficiency markedly reduced DC numbers in the healthy and inflamed kidney cortex, and to a lesser degree in the kidney medulla and intestine, but not in other organs. CX3CR1 also promoted influx of DC precursors in crescentic glomerulonephritis, a DC-dependent aggressive type of nephritis. Disease severity was strongly attenuated in CX3CR1-deficient mice. Primarily CX3CR1-dependent DCs in the kidney cortex processed antigen for the intrarenal stimulation of T helper cells, a function important for glomerulonephritis progression. In contrast, medullary DCs played a specialized role in inducing innate immunity against bacterial pyelonephritis by recruiting neutrophils through rapid chemokine production. CX3CR1 deficiency had little effect on the immune defense against pyelonephritis, as medullary DCs were less CX3CR1 dependent than cortical DCs and because recruited neutrophils produced chemokines to compensate for the DC paucity. These findings demonstrate that cortical and medullary DCs play specialized roles in their respective kidney compartments. We identify CX3CR1 as a potential therapeutic target in glomerulonephritis that may involve fewer adverse side effects, such as impaired anti-infectious defense or compromised DC functions in other organs.
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Ostmann A, Paust HJ, Panzer U, Wegscheid C, Kapffer S, Huber S, Flavell RA, Erhardt A, Tiegs G. Regulatory T cell-derived IL-10 ameliorates crescentic GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:930-42. [PMID: 23641052 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012070684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exert their immunosuppressive activity through several immunoregulatory mechanisms, including the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Although several studies suggest a role for Tregs in modulating crescentic GN, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, using IL-10 reporter mice, we detected IL-10-producing Foxp3(+) T cells in the kidney, blood, and secondary lymphoid tissue in a mouse model of crescentic GN. Specific inactivation of Il10 in Foxp3(+) Tregs eliminated the ability of these cells to suppress renal and systemic production of IFNγ and IL-17; these IL-10-deficient Tregs lost their capacity to attenuate renal tissue injury. These data highlight the suppressive functions of Tregs in crescentic GN and suggest the importance of Treg-derived IL-10 in ameliorating disease severity and in modulating both the Th1 and most notably Th17 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annett Ostmann
- Institut für Experimentelle Immunologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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