1
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Liu Q, Yue L, Deng J, Tan Y, Wu C. Progress and breakthroughs in human kidney organoid research. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101736. [PMID: 38910872 PMCID: PMC11190488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The three-dimensional (3D) kidney organoid is a breakthrough model for recapitulating renal morphology and function in vitro, which is grown from stem cells and resembles mammalian kidney organogenesis. Currently, protocols for cultivating this model from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and patient-derived adult stem cells (ASCs) have been widely reported. In recent years, scientists have focused on combining cutting-edge bioengineering and bioinformatics technologies to improve the developmental accuracy of kidney organoids and achieve high-throughput experimentation. As a remarkable tool for mechanistic research of the renal system, kidney organoid has both potential and challenges. In this review, we have described the evolution of kidney organoid establishment methods and highlighted the latest progress leading to a more sophisticated kidney transformation research model. Finally, we have summarized the main applications of renal organoids in exploring kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Liang Yue
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiu Deng
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yingxia Tan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Health Service and Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
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2
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Yano-Sakamoto K, Kitai Y, Toriu N, Yamamoto S, Mizuta K, Saitou M, Tsukiyama T, Taniuchi I, Osato M, Yanagita M. Expression pattern of Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family members and the role of RUNX1 during kidney development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 722:150155. [PMID: 38795454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX) family members play critical roles in the development of multiple organs. Mammalian RUNX family members, consisting of RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3, have distinct tissue-specific expression and function. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal expression patterns of RUNX family members in developing kidneys and analyzed the role of RUNX1 during kidney development. In the developing mouse kidney, RUNX1 protein was strongly expressed in the ureteric bud (UB) tip and weakly expressed in the distal segment of the renal vesicle (RV), comma-shaped body (CSB), and S-shaped body (SSB). In contrast, RUNX2 protein was restricted to the stroma, and RUNX3 protein was only expressed in immune cells. We also analyzed the expression of RUNX family members in the cynomolgus monkey kidney. We found that expression patterns of RUNX2 and RUNX3 were conserved between rodents and primates, whereas RUNX1 was only expressed in the UB tip, not in the RV, CSB, or SSB of cynomolgus monkeys, suggesting a species differences. We further evaluated the roles of RUNX1 using two different conditional knockout mice: Runx1f/f:HoxB7-Cre and Runx1f/f:R26-CreERT2 and found no abnormalities in the kidney. Our findings showed that RUNX1, which is mainly expressed in the UB tip, is not essential for kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yano-Sakamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Kitai
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Naoya Toriu
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Ken Mizuta
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Mitinori Saitou
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8397, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Tsukiyama
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan; Research Center for Animal Life Science, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Motomi Osato
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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3
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Bahrami M, Darabi S, Roozbahany NA, Abbaszadeh HA, Moghadasali R. Great potential of renal progenitor cells in kidney: From the development to clinic. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113875. [PMID: 38092345 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian renal organ represents a pinnacle of complexity, housing functional filtering units known as nephrons. During embryogenesis, the depletion of niches containing renal progenitor cells (RPCs) and the subsequent incapacity of adult kidneys to generate new nephrons have prompted the formulation of protocols aimed at isolating residual RPCs from mature kidneys and inducing their generation from diverse cell sources, notably pluripotent stem cells. Recent strides in the realm of regenerative medicine and the repair of tissues using stem cells have unveiled critical signaling pathways essential for the maintenance and generation of human RPCs in vitro. These findings have ushered in a new era for exploring novel strategies for renal protection. The present investigation delves into potential transcription factors and signaling cascades implicated in the realm of renal progenitor cells, focusing on their protection and differentiation. The discourse herein elucidates contemporary research endeavors dedicated to the acquisition of progenitor cells, offering crucial insights into the developmental mechanisms of these cells within the renal milieu and paving the way for the formulation of innovative treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahrami
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Darabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Applications in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Petrosyan A, Villani V, Aguiari P, Thornton ME, Wang Y, Rajewski A, Zhou S, Cravedi P, Grubbs BH, De Filippo RE, Sedrakyan S, Lemley KV, Csete M, Da Sacco S, Perin L. Identification and Characterization of the Wilms Tumor Cancer Stem Cell. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206787. [PMID: 37114795 PMCID: PMC10369255 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A nephrogenic progenitor cell (NP) with cancer stem cell characteristics driving Wilms tumor (WT) using spatial transcriptomics, bulk and single cell RNA sequencing, and complementary in vitro and transplantation experiments is identified and characterized. NP from WT samples with NP from the developing human kidney is compared. Cells expressing SIX2 and CITED1 fulfill cancer stem cell criteria by reliably recapitulating WT in transplantation studies. It is shown that self-renewal versus differentiation in SIX2+CITED1+ cells is regulated by the interplay between integrins ITGβ1 and ITGβ4. The spatial transcriptomic analysis defines gene expression maps of SIX2+CITED1+ cells in WT samples and identifies the interactive gene networks involved in WT development. These studies define SIX2+CITED1+ cells as the nephrogenic-like cancer stem cells of WT and points to the renal developmental transcriptome changes as a possible driver in regulating WT formation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astgik Petrosyan
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Paola Aguiari
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA - VA Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Genomics Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Alex Rajewski
- Genomics Core, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Shengmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Paolo Cravedi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Translational Transplant Research Center, Recanati Miller Transplant Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Brendan H Grubbs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Roger E De Filippo
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Sargis Sedrakyan
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Kevin V Lemley
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Marie Csete
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Stefano Da Sacco
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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5
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Tekguc M, Gaal RCVAN, Uzel SGM, Gupta N, Riella LV, Lewis JA, Morizane R. Kidney organoids: a pioneering model for kidney diseases. Transl Res 2022; 250:1-17. [PMID: 35750295 PMCID: PMC9691572 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The kidney is a vital organ that regulates the bodily fluid and electrolyte homeostasis via tailored urinary excretion. Kidney injuries that cause severe or progressive chronic kidney disease have driven the growing population of patients with end-stage kidney disease, leading to substantial patient morbidity and mortality. This irreversible kidney damage has also created a huge socioeconomical burden on the healthcare system, highlighting the need for novel translational research models for progressive kidney diseases. Conventional research methods such as in vitro 2D cell culture or animal models do not fully recapitulate complex human kidney diseases. By contrast, directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells enables in vitro generation of patient-specific 3D kidney organoids, which can be used to model acute or chronic forms of hereditary, developmental, and metabolic kidney diseases. Furthermore, when combined with biofabrication techniques, organoids can be used as building blocks to construct vascularized kidney tissues mimicking their in vivo counterpart. By applying gene editing technology, organoid building blocks may be modified to minimize the process of immune rejection in kidney transplant recipients. In the foreseeable future, the universal kidney organoids derived from HLA-edited/deleted induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines may enable the supply of bioengineered organotypic kidney structures that are immune-compatible for the majority of the world population. Here, we summarize recent advances in kidney organoid research coupled with novel technologies such as organoids-on-chip and biofabrication of 3D kidney tissues providing convenient platforms for high-throughput drug screening, disease modelling, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Tekguc
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ronald C VAN Gaal
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sebastien G M Uzel
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Navin Gupta
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Leonardo V Riella
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute (HSCI), Cambridge, Massachusetts; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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6
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Guan N, Kobayashi H, Ishii K, Davidoff O, Sha F, Ikizler TA, Hao CM, Chandel NS, Haase VH. Disruption of mitochondrial complex III in cap mesenchyme but not in ureteric progenitors results in defective nephrogenesis associated with amino acid deficiency. Kidney Int 2022; 102:108-120. [PMID: 35341793 PMCID: PMC9232975 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism in mitochondria regulates cellular differentiation and gene expression through intermediary metabolites and reactive oxygen species. Its role in kidney development and pathogenesis is not completely understood. Here we inactivated ubiquinone-binding protein QPC, a subunit of mitochondrial complex III, in two types of kidney progenitor cells to investigate the role of mitochondrial electron transport in kidney homeostasis. Inactivation of QPC in sine oculis-related homeobox 2 (SIX2)-expressing cap mesenchyme progenitors, which give rise to podocytes and all nephron segments except collecting ducts, resulted in perinatal death from severe kidney dysplasia. This was characterized by decreased proliferation of SIX2 progenitors and their failure to differentiate into kidney epithelium. QPC inactivation in cap mesenchyme progenitors induced activating transcription factor 4-mediated nutritional stress responses and was associated with a reduction in kidney tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and amino acid levels, which negatively impacted purine and pyrimidine synthesis. In contrast, QPC inactivation in ureteric tree epithelial cells, which give rise to the kidney collecting system, did not inhibit ureteric differentiation, and resulted in the development of functional kidneys that were smaller in size. Thus, our data demonstrate that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is critical for the formation of cap mesenchyme-derived nephron segments but dispensable for formation of the kidney collecting system. Hence, our studies reveal compartment-specific needs for metabolic reprogramming during kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Guan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital and Nephrology Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hanako Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; The Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ken Ishii
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; The Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Olena Davidoff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; The Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Feng Sha
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; The Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Talat A Ikizler
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; The Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Chuan-Ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital and Nephrology Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Volker H Haase
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; The Vanderbilt O'Brien Kidney Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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7
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Yazlovitskaya EM, Plosa E, Bock F, Viquez OM, Mernaugh G, Gewin LS, De Arcangelis A, Georges-Labouesse E, Sonnenberg A, Blackwell TS, Pozzi A, Zent R. The laminin-binding integrins regulate nuclear factor κB-dependent epithelial cell polarity and inflammation. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:273835. [PMID: 34841431 PMCID: PMC8729780 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main laminin-binding integrins α3β1, α6β1 and α6β4 are co-expressed in the developing kidney collecting duct system. We previously showed that deleting the integrin α3 or α6 subunit in the ureteric bud, which gives rise to the kidney collecting system, caused either a mild or no branching morphogenesis phenotype, respectively. To determine whether these two integrin subunits cooperate in kidney collecting duct development, we deleted α3 and α6 in the developing ureteric bud. The collecting system of the double knockout phenocopied the α3 integrin conditional knockout. However, with age, the mice developed severe inflammation and fibrosis around the collecting ducts, resulting in kidney failure. Integrin α3α6-null collecting duct epithelial cells showed increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and displayed mesenchymal characteristics, causing loss of barrier function. These features resulted from increased nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activity, which regulated the Snail and Slug (also known as Snai1 and Snai2, respectively) transcription factors and their downstream targets. These data suggest that laminin-binding integrins play a key role in the maintenance of kidney tubule epithelial cell polarity and decrease pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by regulating NF-κB-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia M. Yazlovitskaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Erin Plosa
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Olga M. Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Glenda Mernaugh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Leslie S. Gewin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Adele De Arcangelis
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964/ULP, F-67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964/ULP, F-67404 Illkirch, France,Author for correspondence ()
| | - Arnoud Sonnenberg
- Division of Cell Biology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy S. Blackwell
- Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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8
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Li H, Kurtzeborn K, Kupari J, Gui Y, Siefker E, Lu B, Mätlik K, Olfat S, Montaño-Rodríguez AR, Huh SH, Costantini F, Andressoo JO, Kuure S. Postnatal prolongation of mammalian nephrogenesis by excess fetal GDNF. Development 2021; 148:268366. [PMID: 34032268 PMCID: PMC8180252 DOI: 10.1242/dev.197475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nephron endowment, defined during the fetal period, dictates renal and related cardiovascular health throughout life. We show here that, despite its negative effects on kidney growth, genetic increase of GDNF prolongs the nephrogenic program beyond its normal cessation. Multi-stage mechanistic analysis revealed that excess GDNF maintains nephron progenitors and nephrogenesis through increased expression of its secreted targets and augmented WNT signaling, leading to a two-part effect on nephron progenitor maintenance. Abnormally high GDNF in embryonic kidneys upregulates its known targets but also Wnt9b and Axin2, with concomitant deceleration of nephron progenitor proliferation. Decline of GDNF levels in postnatal kidneys normalizes the ureteric bud and creates a permissive environment for continuation of the nephrogenic program, as demonstrated by morphologically and molecularly normal postnatal nephron progenitor self-renewal and differentiation. These results establish that excess GDNF has a bi-phasic effect on nephron progenitors in mice, which can faithfully respond to GDNF dosage manipulation during the fetal and postnatal period. Our results suggest that sensing the signaling activity level is an important mechanism through which GDNF and other molecules contribute to nephron progenitor lifespan specification. Summary: Dosage of neurotropic factor GDNF regulates nephron progenitors and in utero growth factor augmentation can extend postnatal lifespan and differentiation of nephron progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristen Kurtzeborn
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Kupari
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yujuan Gui
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Edward Siefker
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Benson Lu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kärt Mätlik
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Soophie Olfat
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana R Montaño-Rodríguez
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sung-Ho Huh
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Franklin Costantini
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaan-Olle Andressoo
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Satu Kuure
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,GM-unit, Laboratory Animal Centre, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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9
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van Ineveld RL, Margaritis T, Kooiman BAP, Groenveld F, Ariese HCR, Lijnzaad P, Johnson HR, Korving J, Wehrens EJ, Holstege F, van Rheenen J, Drost J, Rios AC, Bos FL. LGR6 marks nephron progenitor cells. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1568-1583. [PMID: 33848015 PMCID: PMC8597161 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) undergo a stepwise process to generate all mature nephron structures. Mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) is considered a multistep process of NPC differentiation to ensure progressive establishment of new nephrons. However, despite this important role, to date, no marker for NPCs undergoing MET in the nephron exists. Results Here, we identify LGR6 as a NPC marker, expressed in very early cap mesenchyme, pre‐tubular aggregates, renal vesicles, and in segments of S‐shaped bodies, following the trajectory of MET. By using a lineage tracing approach in embryonic explants in combination with confocal imaging and single‐cell RNA sequencing, we provide evidence for the multiple fates of LGR6+ cells during embryonic nephrogenesis. Moreover, by using long‐term in vivo lineage tracing, we show that postnatal LGR6+ cells are capable of generating the multiple lineages of the nephrons. Conclusions Given the profound early mesenchymal expression and MET signature of LGR6+ cells, together with the lineage tracing of mesenchymal LGR6+ cells, we conclude that LGR6+ cells contribute to all nephrogenic segments by undergoing MET. LGR6+ cells can therefore be considered an early committed NPC population during embryonic and postnatal nephrogenesis with potential regenerative capability. Lgr6 is expressed in the earliest cap mesenchyme pool, a niche where nephrogenic progenitor cells (NPCs) are found. Lgr6 marks NPCs undergoing mesenchymal to epithelial transition, following the main process of nephron development. Using ex vivo and vivo lineage tracing, we show that mesenchymal Lgr6 expressing cells give rise to multiple types of mesenchymal derived nephron segments, including specialized glomerular epithelium, such as podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravian L van Ineveld
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Femke Groenveld
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus C R Ariese
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Lijnzaad
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah R Johnson
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen J Wehrens
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Holstege
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne C Rios
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L Bos
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Minuth W. In Search of Imprints Left by the Impairment of Nephrogenesis. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:69-82. [DOI: 10.1159/000504085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical aspects dealing with the impairment of nephrogenesis in preterm and low birth weight babies were intensely researched. In this context it was shown that quite different noxae can harm nephron formation, and that the morphological damage in the fetal kidney is rather complex. Some pathological findings show that the impairment leads to changes in developing glomeruli that are restricted to the maturation zone of the outer cortex in the fetal human kidney. Other data show also imprints on the stages of nephron anlage including the niche, the pretubular aggregate, the renal vesicle, and comma- and S-shaped bodies located in the overlying nephrogenic zone of the rodent and human kidneys. During our investigations it was noticed that the stages of nephron anlage in the fetal human kidney during the phase of late gestation have not been described in detail. To contribute, these stages were recorded along with corresponding images. The initial nephron formation in the rodent kidney served as a reference. Finally, the known imprints left by the impairment in both specimens were listed and discussed. In sum, the relatively paucity of data on nephron formation in the fetal human kidney during the late phase of gestation is a call to start with intense research so that concepts for a therapeutic prolongation of nephrogenesis can be designed.
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11
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O'Hara RE, Arsenault MG, Esparza Gonzalez BP, Patriquen A, Hartwig S. Three Optimized Methods for In Situ Quantification of Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Embryonic Kidneys Using BrdU, EdU, and PCNA. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2019; 6:2054358119871936. [PMID: 31523438 PMCID: PMC6734617 DOI: 10.1177/2054358119871936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nephron progenitor cells derived from the metanephric mesenchyme undergo a complex balance of self-renewal and differentiation throughout kidney development to give rise to the mature nephron. Cell proliferation is an important index of progenitor population dynamics. However, accurate and reproducible in situ quantification of cell proliferation within progenitor populations can be technically difficult to achieve due to the complexity and harsh tissue treatment required of certain protocols. Objective: To optimize and compare the performance of the 3 most accurate S phase–specific labeling methods used for in situ detection and quantification of nephron progenitor and ureteric bud cell proliferation in the developing kidney, namely, 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU), 5-ethynyl-2’-deoxyuridine (EdU), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Methods: Protocols for BrdU, EdU, and PCNA were optimized for fluorescence labeling on paraformaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse kidney tissue sections, with co-labeling of nephron progenitor cells and ureteric bud with Six2 and E-cadherin antibodies, respectively. Image processing and analysis, including quantification of proliferating cells, were carried out using free ImageJ software. Results: All 3 methods detect similar ratios of nephron progenitor and ureteric bud proliferating cells. The BrdU staining protocol is the lengthiest and most complex protocol to perform, requires tissue denaturation, and is most subject to interexperimental signal variability. In contrast, bound PCNA and EdU protocols are relatively more straightforward, consistently yield clear results, and far more easily lend themselves to co-staining; however, the bound PCNA protocol requires substantive additional postexperimental analysis to distinguish the punctate nuclear PCNA staining pattern characteristic of proliferating cells. Conclusions: All 3 markers exhibit distinct advantages and disadvantages in quantifying cell proliferation in kidney progenitor populations, with EdU and PCNA protocols being favored due to greater technical ease and reproducibility of results associated with these methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie E O'Hara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Michel G Arsenault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Blanca P Esparza Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Ashley Patriquen
- Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Sunny Hartwig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
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12
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Minuth WW. Concepts for a therapeutic prolongation of nephrogenesis in preterm and low-birth-weight babies must correspond to structural-functional properties in the nephrogenic zone. Mol Cell Pediatr 2017; 4:12. [PMID: 29218481 PMCID: PMC5721096 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-017-0078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous investigations are dealing with anlage of the mammalian kidney and primary development of nephrons. However, only few information is available about the last steps in kidney development leading at birth to a downregulation of morphogen activity in the nephrogenic zone and to a loss of stem cell niches aligned beyond the organ capsule. Surprisingly, these natural changes in the developmental program display similarities to processes occurring in the kidneys of preterm and low-birth-weight babies. Although those babies are born at a time with a principally intact nephrogenic zone and active niches, a high proportion of them suffers on impairment of nephrogenesis resulting in oligonephropathy, formation of atypical glomeruli, and immaturity of parenchyma. The setting points out that up to date not identified noxae in the nephrogenic zone hamper primary steps of parenchyma development. In this situation, a possible therapeutic aim is to prolong nephrogenesis by medications. However, actual data provide information that administration of drugs is problematic due to an unexpectedly complex microanatomy of the nephrogenic zone, in niches so far not considered textured extracellular matrix and peculiar contacts between mesenchymal cell projections and epithelial stem cells via tunneling nanotubes. Thus, it remains to be figured out whether disturbance of morphogen signaling altered synthesis of extracellular matrix, disturbed cell-to-cell contacts, or modified interstitial fluid impair nephrogenic activity. Due to most unanswered questions, search for eligible drugs prolonging nephrogenesis and their reliable administration is a special challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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13
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Minuth W. Reading First Coordinates from the Nephrogenic Zone in Human Fetal Kidney. Nephron Clin Pract 2017; 138:137-146. [DOI: 10.1159/000481441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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14
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Minuth WW, Denk L. Special Morphological Features at the Interface of the Renal Stem/Progenitor Cell Niche Force to Reinvestigate Transport of Morphogens During Nephron Induction. Biores Open Access 2016; 5:49-60. [PMID: 26862472 PMCID: PMC4744892 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2015.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of a nephron depends on reciprocal signaling of different morphogens between epithelial and mesenchymal cells within the renal stem/progenitor cell niche. Previously, it has been surmised that a close proximity exists between both involved cell types and that morphogens are transported between them by diffusion. However, actual morphological data illustrate that mesenchymal and epithelial stem/progenitor cell bodies are separated by a striking interface. Special fixation of specimens by glutaraldehyde (GA) solution including cupromeronic blue, ruthenium red, or tannic acid for electron microscopy depicts that the interface is not void but filled in extended areas by textured extracellular matrix. Surprisingly, projections of mesenchymal cells cross the interface to contact epithelial cells. At those sites the plasma membranes of a mesenchymal and an epithelial cell are connected via tunneling nanotubes. Regarding detected morphological features in combination with involved morphogens, their transport cannot longer be explained solely by diffusion. Instead, it has to be sorted according to biophysical properties of morphogens and to detected environment. Thus, the new working hypothesis is that morphogens with good solubility such as glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are transported by diffusion. Morphogens with minor solubility such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secreted and stored for delivery on demand in illustrated extracellular matrix. In contrast, morphogens with poor solubility such as Wnts are transported in mesenchymal cell projections along the plasma membrane or via illustrated tunneling nanotubes. However, the presence of an intercellular route between mesenchymal and epithelial stem/progenitor cells by tunneling nanotubes also makes it possible that all morphogens are transported this way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Denk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg , Regensburg, Germany
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15
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Elias BC, Das A, Parekh DV, Mernaugh G, Adams R, Yang Z, Brakebusch C, Pozzi A, Marciano DK, Carroll TJ, Zent R. Cdc42 regulates epithelial cell polarity and cytoskeletal function during kidney tubule development. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:4293-305. [PMID: 26490995 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.164509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho GTPase Cdc42 regulates key signaling pathways required for multiple cell functions, including maintenance of shape, polarity, proliferation, migration, differentiation and morphogenesis. Although previous studies have shown that Cdc42 is required for proper epithelial development and maintenance, its exact molecular function in kidney development is not well understood. In this study, we define the specific role of Cdc42 during murine kidney epithelial tubulogenesis by deleting it selectively at the initiation of ureteric bud or metanephric mesenchyme development. Deletion in either lineage results in abnormal tubulogenesis, with profound defects in polarity, lumen formation and the actin cytoskeleton. Ultimately, these defects lead to renal failure. Additionally, in vitro analysis of Cdc42-null collecting duct cells shows that Cdc42 controls these processes by regulating the polarity Par complex (Par3-Par6-aPKC-Cdc42) and the cytoskeletal proteins N-Wasp and ezrin. Thus, we conclude that the principal role of Cdc42 in ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme development is to regulate epithelial cell polarity and the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha C Elias
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Amrita Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Diptiben V Parekh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Glenda Mernaugh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca Adams
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zhufeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thomas J Carroll
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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16
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Yuri S, Nishikawa M, Yanagawa N, Jo OD, Yanagawa N. Maintenance of Mouse Nephron Progenitor Cells in Aggregates with Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129242. [PMID: 26075891 PMCID: PMC4468097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on how to maintain and expand nephron progenitor cells (NPC) in vitro is important to provide a potentially valuable source for kidney replacement therapies. In our present study, we examined the possibility of optimizing NPC maintenance in the "re-aggregate" system. We found that Six2-expressing (Six2(+))-NPC could be maintained in aggregates reconstituted with dispersed cells from E12.5 mouse embryonic kidneys for at least up to 21 days in culture. The maintenance of Six2(+)-NPC required the presence of ureteric bud cells. The number of Six2(+)-NPC increased by more than 20-fold at day 21, but plateaued after day 14. In an attempt to further sustain NPC proliferation by passage subculture, we found that the new (P1) aggregates reconstituted from the original (P0) aggregates failed to maintain NPC. However, based on the similarity between P1 aggregates and aggregates derived from E15.5 embryonic kidneys, we suspected that the differentiated NPC in P1 aggregates may interfere with NPC maintenance. In support of this notion, we found that preventing NPC differentiation by DAPT, a γ-secretase inhibitor that inhibits Notch signaling pathway, was effective to maintain and expand Six2(+)-NPC in P1 aggregates by up to 65-fold. The Six2(+)-NPC in P1 aggregates retained their potential to epithelialize upon exposure to Wnt signal. In conclusion, we demonstrated in our present study that the "re-aggregation" system can be useful for in vitro maintenance of NPC when combined with γ-secretase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yuri
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, California, United States of America
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SY); (NY)
| | - Masaki Nishikawa
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, California, United States of America
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Naomi Yanagawa
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, California, United States of America
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Oak D. Jo
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, California, United States of America
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Norimoto Yanagawa
- Medical and Research Services, Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System at Sepulveda, North Hills, California, United States of America
- University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SY); (NY)
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17
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Minuth WW, Denk L. When morphogenetic proteins encounter special extracellular matrix and cell-cell connections at the interface of the renal stem/progenitor cell niche. Anat Cell Biol 2015; 48:1-9. [PMID: 25806116 PMCID: PMC4371175 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2015.48.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Reciprocal exchange of morphogenetic proteins between epithelial and mesenchymal cells in a stem/progenitor cell niche results in formation of a nephron. To maintain diffusion of morphogenetic proteins, it is assumed that a close contact exists between involved cells. However, recent publications underline that both types of stem/progenitor cells are separated by a striking interface. To explore this microarchitecture in detail, neonatal rabbit kidneys were fixed in traditional glutaraldehyde (GA) solution for transmission electron microscopy. For contrast enhancing specimens were fixed in GA solution including cupromeronic blue, ruthenium red or tannic acid. To record same perspectives, embedded blocks of parenchyma were cut in exactly orientated vertical and transverse planes to lining collecting ducts. Electron microscopy of specimens fixed by traditional GA solution illustrates a spatial separation of stem/progenitor cells and an unobstrusively looking interface. In contrast, advanced fixation of specimens in GA solution including cupromeronic blue, ruthenium red and tannic acid unmasks earlier not visible extracellular matrix. In addition, projections of mesenchymal cells covered by matrix cross the interface to contact epithelial cells. Surprisingly, the end of a mesenchymal cell projection does not dangle but is enclosed in a fitting sleeve and connected via tunneling nanotubes with the plasma membrane of an epithelial cell. Regarding this complex ensemble the question is to what extent illustrated cell-cell connections and extracellular matrix are involved in communication and transmission of morphogenetic proteins during induction of a nephron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Denk
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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18
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Kopan R, Chen S, Little M. Nephron progenitor cells: shifting the balance of self-renewal and differentiation. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 107:293-331. [PMID: 24439811 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416022-4.00011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Within the developing mammalian kidney, several populations of progenitors form the discrete cellular components of the final organ. Fate mapping experiments revealed the cap mesenchyme (CM) to be the progenitor population for all nephron epithelial cells, whereas the neighboring stromal mesenchyme gives rise to mesangial, pericytic, renin-producing and interstitial cells. The collecting ducts are derived from a population of progenitors at the ureteric bud (UB) tip and a proportion of the endothelium is also derived from a dedicated mesenchymal progenitor. The stroma, CM, and UB interact to create spatially defined niches at the periphery of the developing organ. While the UB tip population persist, the CM represents a transient progenitor population that is exhausted to set the final organ size. The timing of CM exhaustion, and hence the final organ structure, is sensitive to disruptions such as premature birth. Here we will discuss our current understanding of the molecular processes allowing these populations to balance cell survival, self-renewal, support of branching, and maintain capacity to commit to differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Kopan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Melissa Little
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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19
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O'Brien LL, McMahon AP. Induction and patterning of the metanephric nephron. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 36:31-8. [PMID: 25194660 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The functional unit of the mammalian metanephric kidney is the nephron: a complex tubular structure dedicated to blood filtration and maintenance of several important physiological functions. Nephrons are assembled from a nephron-restricted pool of mesenchymal progenitors over an extensive developmental period that is completed prior to (human), or shortly after (mouse), birth. An appropriate balance in the expansion and commitment of nephron progenitors to nephron formation is essential for normal kidney function. Too few nephrons increase risk of kidney disease later in life while the failure of normal progenitor differentiation in Wilm's tumor patients leads to massive growth of a nephroblast population often necessitating surgical removal of the kidney. An inductive process within the metanephric mesenchyme leads to the formation of a pretubular aggregate which transitions into an epithelial renal vesicle: the precursor for nephron assembly. Growth, morphogenesis and patterning transform this simple cyst-like structure into a highly elongated mature nephron with distinct cell types positioned along a proximal (glomerular) to distal (connecting segment) axis of functional organization. This review discusses our current understanding of the specification, maintenance and commitment of nephron progenitors, and the regulatory processes that transform the renal vesicle into a nephron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L O'Brien
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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20
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Minuth WW, Denk L. Tannic acid label indicates abnormal cell development coinciding with regeneration of renal tubules. BMC Clin Pathol 2014; 14:34. [PMID: 25071418 PMCID: PMC4112905 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-14-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stem/progenitor cells are in the focus of research as a future therapeutic option to stimulate regeneration in diseased renal parenchyma. However, current data indicate that successful seeding of implanted stem/progenitor cells is prevented by harmful interstitial fluid and altered extracellular matrix. To find out possible parameters for cell adaptation, the present investigation was performed. Methods Renal stem/progenitor cells were mounted in an artificial interstitium for perfusion culture. Exposure to chemically defined but CO2-independent culture media was tested during 13 days. Cell biological features were then analyzed by histochemistry, while structural details were investigated by transmission electron microscopy after conventional and improved fixation of specimens. Results Culture of renal stem/progenitor cells as well in Leibovitz’s L-15 Medium as CO2 Independent Medium shows in fluorescence microscopy spatial development of numerous tubules. Specimens of both media fixed by conventional glutaraldehyde exhibit in electron microscopy a homogeneous cell population in developed tubules. In contrast, fixation by glutaraldehyde including tannic acid illuminates that dispersed dark marked cells of unknown function are present. The screening further demonstrates that the dark cell type does not comply with cells found in embryonic, maturing or matured renal parenchyma. Conclusions The actual data show that development of abnormal cell features must be taken into account, when regeneration of renal tubules is simulated under in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Denk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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21
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WT1 controls antagonistic FGF and BMP-pSMAD pathways in early renal progenitors. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4444. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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23
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Minuth WW, Denk L. Structural links between the renal stem/progenitor cell niche and the organ capsule. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 141:459-71. [PMID: 24429831 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A special feature of the renal stem/progenitor cell niche is its always close neighborhood to the capsule during organ development. To explore this link, neonatal kidney was investigated by histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. For adequate contrasting, fixation of specimens was performed by glutaraldehyde including tannic acid. The immunohistochemical data illustrate that renal stem/progenitor cells are not distributed randomly but are positioned specially to the capsule. Epithelial stem/progenitor cells are found to be enclosed by the basal lamina at a collecting duct (CD) ampulla tip. Only few layers of mesenchymal cells are detected between epithelial cells and the capsule. Most impressive, numerous microfibers reacting with soybean agglutinin, anti-collagen I and III originate from the basal lamina at a CD ampulla tip and line between mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells to the inner side of the capsule. This specific arrangement holds together both types of stem/progenitor cells in a cage and fastens the niche as a whole at the capsule. Electron microscopy further illustrates that the stem/progenitor cell niche is in contact with a tunnel system widely spreading between atypical smooth muscle cells at the inner side of the capsule. It seems probable that stem/progenitor cells are supplied here by interstitial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany,
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Minuth WW, Denk L. Advanced fixation for transmission electron microscopy unveils special extracellular matrix within the renal stem/progenitor cell niche. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1212:21-37. [PMID: 25063501 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2014_93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
As well in light as in transmission electron microscopy can be seen that the renal stem/progenitor cell niche shows a special arrangement of two different kinds of stem/progenitor cells. Epithelial cells are found in the tip of an ureteric bud derived CD ampulla encircled by a special basal lamina. Mesenchymal cells are separated from them by a striking interstitial interface. Specimens fixed by conventional glutaraldehyde solution show that the interface looks bright and unremarkable. In contrast, fixation of specimens with glutaraldehyde in combination with cupromeronic blue, ruthenium red, or tannic acid illustrates that the interface contains a remarkable network of extracellular matrix spanning between epithelial and mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells. After unpacking this particular extracellular matrix for electron microscopy, elaboration of related functions such as structural composition of contained molecules, binding of morphogenetic factors, and influence on parenchyma development is under current experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, University Street 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany,
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Basgen JM, Sobin C. Early chronic low-level lead exposure produces glomerular hypertrophy in young C57BL/6J mice. Toxicol Lett 2013; 225:48-56. [PMID: 24300173 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Early chronic lead exposure continues to pose serious health risks for children, particularly those living in lower socioeconomic environments. This study examined effects on developing glomeruli in young C57BL/6J mice exposed to low (30 ppm), higher (330 ppm) or no lead via dams' drinking water from birth to sacrifice on post-natal day 28. Low-level lead exposed mice [BLL mean (SD); 3.19 (0.70) μg/dL] had an increase in glomerular volume but no change in podocyte number compared to control mice [0.03 (0.01) μg/dL]. Higher-level lead exposed mice [14.68 (2.74) μg/dL] had no change in either glomerular volume or podocyte number. The increase in glomerular volume was explained by increases in glomerular capillary and mesangial volumes with no change in podocyte volume. Early chronic lead exposure yielding very low blood lead levels alters glomerular development in pre-adolescent animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Basgen
- Life Sciences Institute, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E 120th Street, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA.
| | - Christina Sobin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Health Science, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA; Border Biomedical Research Center, College of Science, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA; Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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