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Du J, Li Y, Jia X, Kong X, Liang L, Wang D, Li A, Chen Q, Su H, Li W, Xu D. Elevated c-kit expression in failed autologous arteriovenous fistulas in end-stage renal disease patients. J Vasc Access 2024; 25:423-431. [PMID: 35855563 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221112541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum stem cell factor is elevated in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the c-kit receptor, which is the specific membrane receptor of stem cell factor, in failed autologous arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) in end-stage renal disease patients. METHODS A total of 14 ESRD patients with initial AVFs creation and 16 ESRD patients with reconstruction were enrolled in this study. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and elastic Verhoeff-Van Gieson (EVG) staining were used for histomorphometric analyses. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of c-kit in the intima, and a correlation analysis was performed with the intimal area and the percentage of area stenosis. A double-label immunofluorescence method was used to explore the colocalization of c-kit with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and CD31. The expression of c-kit and the related PI3K/Akt signaling axis, including PI3K, P-PI3K, Akt, P-Akt473, P-Akt308, and mTOR, was measured by western blotting. RESULTS Internal elastic lamina (IEL) area, intimal area, percentage of area stenosis, and average optical density (AOD) of c-kit in the intima were significantly higher in the failed group than in the preoperative group (p ⩽ 0.001). The AOD of c-kit in the intima was positively correlated with the intimal area and the percentage of stenosis (intimal area: R = 0.744, p < 0.001; the percentage of stenosis: R = 0.923, p < 0.001). C-kit colocalized with α-SMA but not with CD31 in studies of c-kit target cells. Moreover, the levels of c-kit and P-PI3K, P-Akt473 and mTOR in the PI3K/Akt axis were also higher in the failed group than in the initial group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS C-kit and related proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt pathway were elevated in failed AVFs among ESRD patients and that the expression level of c-kit in the intima correlates with the degree of AVF stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Blood Purification Center, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Blood Purification Center, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Anzhuang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinlan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Nephrology Research Institute of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Hu S, Wang R, Ma T, Lei Q, Yuan F, Zhang Y, Wang D, Cheng J. Association between preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio and late arteriovenous fistula dysfunction in hemodialysis patients: a cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11184. [PMID: 37433824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38202-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction is a critical complication in hemodialysis (HD) patients, with inflammation potentially contributing to its development. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) and AVF dysfunction in Chinese HD patients. A total of 726 adults with end-stage renal disease who underwent new AVF placement between 2011 and 2019 were included. Multivariable Cox regression and Fine and Gray competing risk models were employed to assess the relationship between CAR and AVF dysfunction, considering death and renal transplantation as competing risks. Among 726 HD patients, 29.2% experienced AVF dysfunction during a median follow-up of 36 months. Adjusted analyses revealed that higher CAR levels were associated with an increased risk of AVF dysfunction, with a 27% higher risk per one-unit increase in CAR. Furthermore, patients with CAR values ≥ 0.153 exhibited a 75% elevated risk compared to those with CAR values < 0.035 (P = 0.004). The relationship between CAR and AVF dysfunction varied by the site of internal jugular vein catheter placement (P for trend = 0.011). Notably, the Fine and Gray analysis confirmed the association between CAR and AVF dysfunction, with a 31% increased risk per one-unit increase in CAR. The highest CAR tertile remained an independent predictor of AVF dysfunction (HR = 1.77, 95% CI 1.21-2.58, P = 0.003). These findings highlight the potential of CAR as a prognostic marker for AVF dysfunction in Chinese HD patients. Clinicians should consider CAR levels and catheter placement site when assessing the risk of AVF dysfunction in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Hu
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, No.8, Aviation Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Runjing Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Tean Ma
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, No.8, Aviation Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qingfeng Lei
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, No.8, Aviation Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Fanli Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, No.8, Aviation Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Jianli County People's Hospital, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
| | - Junzhang Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, No.8, Aviation Road, Shashi District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
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Chang CJ, Lai YJ, Tung YC, Wu LS, Hsu LA, Tseng CN, Chang GJ, Yang KC, Yeh YH. Osteopontin mediation of disturbed flow-induced endothelial mesenchymal transition through CD44 is a novel mechanism of neointimal hyperplasia in arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis access. Kidney Int 2023; 103:702-718. [PMID: 36646166 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) for hemodialysis access, neointimal hyperplasia (NH) is prone to occur in the region exposed to disturbed flow. We hypothesized that disturbed flow contributes to NH in AVF by inducing endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndMT) through activation of the osteopontin/CD44 axis. In rats with aortocaval fistula, a rodent model of AVF, we demonstrated development of EndMT and expression of osteopontin and CD44 specifically in the vicinity of the arteriovenous junction using immunostaining. Duplex scan confirmed this region was exposed to a disturbed flow. A mixed ultrastructural phenotype of endothelium and smooth muscle cells was found in luminal endothelial cells of the arteriovenous junction by electron microscopy ascertaining the presence of EndMT. Endothelial lineage tracing using Cdh5-Cre/ERT2;ROSA26-tdTomato transgenic mice showed that EndMT was involved in NH of AVF since the early stage and that the endothelial-derived cells contributed to 24% of neointimal cells. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture, osteopontin treatment induced EndMT, which was suppressed by CD44 knockdown. Exposure to low oscillatory wall shear stress using a parallel-plate system induced EndMT in HUVECs, also suppressed by osteopontin or CD44 knockdown. In AVF of CD44 knockout mice, EndMT was mitigated and NH decreased by 35% compared to that in wild-type mice. In dysfunctional AVF of patients with uremia, expressions of osteopontin, CD44, and mesenchymal markers in endothelial cells overlying the neointima was also found by immunostaining. Thus, the osteopontin/CD44 axis regulates disturbed flow-induced EndMT, plays an important role in neointimal hyperplasia of AVF, and may act as a potential therapeutic target to prevent AVF dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jen Chang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Lai
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chang Tung
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Sheng Wu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Nan Tseng
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jyh Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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The PPAR-γ Agonist Pioglitazone Modulates Proliferation and Migration in HUVEC, HAOSMC and Human Arteriovenous Fistula-Derived Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054424. [PMID: 36901853 PMCID: PMC10003103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) following intimal hyperplasia (IH) increases morbidity and mortality rates in patients undergoing hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease. The peroxisome-proliferator associated receptor (PPAR-γ) may be a therapeutic target in IH regulation. In the present study, we investigated PPAR-γ expression and tested the effect of pioglitazone, a PPAR-γ agonist, in different cell types involved in IH. As cell models, we used Human Endothelial Umbilical Vein Cells (HUVEC), Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (HAOSMC), and AVF cells (AVFCs) isolated from (i) normal veins collected at the first AVF establishment (T0), and (ii) failed AVF with IH (T1). PPAR-γ was downregulated in AVF T1 tissues and cells, in comparison to T0 group. HUVEC, HAOSMC, and AVFC (T0 and T1) proliferation and migration were analyzed after pioglitazone administration, alone or in combination with the PPAR-γ inhibitor, GW9662. Pioglitazone negatively regulated HUVEC and HAOSMC proliferation and migration. The effect was antagonized by GW9662. These data were confirmed in AVFCs T1, where pioglitazone induced PPAR-γ expression and downregulated the invasive genes SLUG, MMP-9, and VIMENTIN. In summary, PPAR-γ modulation may represent a promising strategy to reduce the AVF failure risk by modulating cell proliferation and migration.
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Zhong YX, Zhou CC, Zheng YF, Dai HK, Chen RY, Wang YR, Zhan CY, Luo JL, Xie AN. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Endothelial Dysfunction Promotes Neointima Formation after Arteriovenous Grafts in Mice on High-fat Diet. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:115-122. [PMID: 36640244 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction is one candidate for triggering neointima formation after arteriovenous grafts (AVGs), but the factors mediating this process are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-induced endothelial dysfunction in neointima formation following AVGs in high-fat diet (HFD) mice. METHODS CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) knockout (KO) mice were created. Mice were fed with HFD to produce HFD model. AVGs model were applied in the groups of WT ND, WT HFD, and CHOP KO HFD. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured with oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) (40 mg/L) for the indicated time lengths (0, 6, 12, 24 h). ERS inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was used to block ERS. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the changes of ICAM1. Changes of ERS were detected by real-time RT-PCR. Protein expression levels and ERS activation were detected by Western blotting. Endothellial cell function was determined by endothelial permeability assay and transendothelial migration assay. RESULTS HFD increased neointima formation in AVGs associated with endothelial dysfunction. At the same time, ERS was increased in endothelial cells (ECs) after AVGs in mice consuming the HFD. In vitro, ox-LDL was found to stimulate ERS, increase the permeability of the EC monolayer, and cause endothelial dysfunction. Blocking ERS with TUDCA or CHOP siRNA reversed the EC dysfunction caused by ox-LDL. In vivo, knockout of CHOP (CHOP KO) protected the function of ECs and decreased neointima formation after AVGs in HFD mice. CONCLUSION Inhibiting ERS in ECs could improve the function of AVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xia Zhong
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chen-Chen Zhou
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying-Fang Zheng
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Kai Dai
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ren-Yu Chen
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Rou Wang
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Zhan
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin-Long Luo
- Emergency and Intensive Care Unit, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ai-Ni Xie
- Divison of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Guo Q, Chen G, Cheng H, Qing Y, Truong L, Ma Q, Wang Y, Cheng J. Temporal regulation of notch activation improves arteriovenous fistula maturation. J Transl Med 2022; 20:543. [PMID: 36419038 PMCID: PMC9682688 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation is a process involving remodeling of venous arm of the AVFs. It is a challenge to balance adaptive AVF remodeling and neointima formation. In this study we temporally controlled Notch activation to promote AVF maturation while avoiding neointima formation. METHODS Temporal Notch activation was controlled by regulating the expression of Notch transcription factor, RBP-Jκ, or dnMAML1 (dominant negative MAML2) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). AVF mouse model was created and VSMC phenotype dynamic changes during AVF remodeling were determined. RESULTS Activated Notch was found in the nuclei of neointimal VSMCs in AVFs from uremic mice. We found that the VSMCs near the anastomosis became dedifferentiated and activated after AVF creation. These dedifferentiated VSMCs regained smooth muscle contractile markers later during AVF remodeling. However, global or VSMC-specific KO of RBP-Jκ at early stage (before or 1 week after AVF surgery) blocked VSMC differentiation and neointima formation in AVFs. These un-matured AVFs showed less intact endothelium and increased infiltration of inflammatory cells. Consequently, the VSMC fate in the neointima was completely shut down, leading to an un-arterialized AVF. In contrast, KO of RBP-Jκ at late stage (3 weeks after AVF surgery), it could not block neointima formation and vascular stenosis. Inhibition of Notch activation at week 1 or 2, could maintain VSMC contractile markers expression and facilitate AVF maturation. CONCLUSIONS This work uncovers the molecular and cellular events in each segment of AVF remodeling and found that neither sustained increasing nor blocking of Notch signaling improves AVF maturation. It highlights a novel strategy to improve AVF patency: temporally controlled Notch activation can achieve a balance between adaptive AVF remodeling and neointima formation to improve AVF maturation. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Adaptive vascular remodeling is required for AVF maturation. The balance of wall thickening of the vein and neointima formation in AVF determines the fate of AVF function. Sustained activation of Notch signaling in VSMCs promotes neointima formation, while deficiency of Notch signaling at early stage during AVF remodeling prevents VSMC accumulation and differentiation from forming a functional AVFs. These responses also delay EC regeneration and impair EC barrier function with increased inflammation leading to failed vascular remodeling of AVFs. Thus, a strategy to temporal regulate Notch activation will improve AVF maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Guo
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of Nephrology, Key Laboratory of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Health and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XSection of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Guang Chen
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XSection of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA ,grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223 Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huangzhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hunter Cheng
- grid.240145.60000 0001 2291 4776Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Ying Qing
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XSection of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Luan Truong
- grid.63368.380000 0004 0445 0041Department of Pathology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Quan Ma
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XSection of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Yun Wang
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XSection of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XSection of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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Feng S, Peden EK, Guo Q, Lee TH, Li Q, Yuan Y, Chen C, Huang F, Cheng J. Downregulation of the endothelial histone demethylase JMJD3 is associated with neointimal hyperplasia of arteriovenous fistulas in kidney failure. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101816. [PMID: 35278430 PMCID: PMC9052161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Jumonji domain-containing protein-3 (JMJD3), a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase, promotes endothelial regeneration, but its function in neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) has not been explored. In this study, we examined the contribution of endothelial JMJD3 to NIH of AVFs and the mechanisms underlying JMJD3 expression during kidney failure. We found that endothelial JMJD3 expression was negatively associated with NIH of AVFs in patients with kidney failure. JMJD3 expression in endothelial cells (ECs) was also downregulated in the vasculature of chronic kidney disease (CKD) mice. In addition, specific knockout of endothelial JMJD3 delayed EC regeneration, enhanced endothelial mesenchymal transition, impaired endothelial barrier function as determined by increased Evans blue staining and inflammatory cell infiltration, and accelerated neointima formation in AVFs created by venous end to arterial side anastomosis in CKD mice. Mechanistically, JMJD3 expression was downregulated via binding of transforming growth factor beta 1-mediated Hes family transcription factor Hes1 to its gene promoter. Knockdown of JMJD3 enhanced H3K27 methylation, thereby inhibiting transcriptional activity at promoters of EC markers and reducing migration and proliferation of ECs. Furthermore, knockdown of endothelial JMJD3 decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production, leading to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that decreased expression of endothelial JMJD3 impairs EC regeneration and function and accelerates neointima formation in AVFs. We propose increasing the expression of endothelial JMJD3 could represent a new strategy for preventing endothelial dysfunction, attenuating NIH, and improving AVF patency in patients with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Feng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China; Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Eric K Peden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, USA
| | - Qunying Guo
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Qingtian Li
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Changyi Chen
- Department of Surgery, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fengzhang Huang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA.
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Hu S, Wang D, Ma T, Yuan F, Zhang Y, Gao X, Lei Q, Cheng J. Association between Preoperative Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Late Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cohort Study. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:854-860. [PMID: 34749361 DOI: 10.1159/000519822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation appears to be at the biological core of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction, and the occurrence of AVF dysfunction is related to high death and disability in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Despite several studies on the correlations between AVF dysfunction and inflammatory indicators, how AVF dysfunction is related to the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) is much unclear. We hypothesize that preoperative MLR is associated with AVF dysfunction in Chinese HD patients. METHODS In this single-center retrospective cohort study, totally 769 adult HD patients with a new AVF created between 2011 and 2019 were included. Association of preoperative MLR with AVF dysfunction (thrombosis or decrease of normal vessel diameter by >50%, requiring either surgical revision or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) was assessed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS The patients were aged 55.8 ± 12.2 years and were mostly males (55%). During the average 32-month follow-up (maximum 119 months), 223 (29.0%) patients had permanent vascular access dysfunction. In adjusted multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, the risk of AVF dysfunction was 4.32 times higher with 1 unit increase in MLR (hazard ratio [HR]: 5.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.1-9.11). Compared with patients with MLR <0.28, HRs associated with an MLR of 0.28-0.41 and ≥0.41 are 1.54 (95% CI: 1.02-2.32) and 3.17 (2.18-4.62), respectively. CONCLUSIONS A higher preoperative MLR is independently connected with a severer risk of AVF dysfunction in HD patients. Its clinical value should be determined in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Hu
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China,
| | - Dan Wang
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Tean Ma
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Fanli Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Jianli County People's Hospital, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Lei
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Junzhang Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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Liu Y, Su YY, Yang Q, Zhou T. Stem cells in the treatment of renal fibrosis: a review of preclinical and clinical studies of renal fibrosis pathogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:333. [PMID: 34112221 PMCID: PMC8194041 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis commonly leads to glomerulosclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis and the main pathological basis involves tubular atrophy and the abnormal increase and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Renal fibrosis can progress to chronic kidney disease. Stem cells have multilineage differentiation potential under appropriate conditions and are easy to obtain. At present, there have been some studies showing that stem cells can alleviate the accumulation of ECM and renal fibrosis. However, the sources of stem cells and the types of renal fibrosis or renal fibrosis models used in these studies have differed. In this review, we summarize the pathogenesis (including signaling pathways) of renal fibrosis, and the effect of stem cell therapy on renal fibrosis as described in preclinical and clinical studies. We found that stem cells from various sources have certain effects on improving renal function and alleviating renal fibrosis. However, additional clinical studies should be conducted to confirm this conclusion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yan-Yan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongsha Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
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10
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Shih YC, Chen PY, Ko TM, Huang PH, Ma H, Tarng DC. MMP-9 Deletion Attenuates Arteriovenous Fistula Neointima through Reduced Perioperative Vascular Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115448. [PMID: 34064140 PMCID: PMC8196691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression is upregulated in vascular inflammation and participates in vascular remodeling, including aneurysm dilatation and arterial neointima development. Neointima at the arteriovenous (AV) fistula anastomosis site primarily causes AV fistula stenosis and failure; however, the effects of MMP-9 on perioperative AV fistula remodeling remain unknown. Therefore, we created AV fistulas (end-to-side anastomosis) in wild-type (WT) and MMP-9 knockout mice with chronic kidney disease to further clarify this. Neointima progressively developed in the AV fistula venous segment of WT mice during the four-week postoperative course, and MMP-9 knockout increased the lumen area and attenuated neointima size by reducing smooth muscle cell and collagen components. Early perioperative AV fistula mRNA sequencing data revealed that inflammation-related gene sets were negatively enriched in AV fistula of MMP-9 knockout mice compared to that in WT mice. qPCR results also showed that inflammatory genes, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), were downregulated. In addition, Western blot results showed that MMP-9 knockout reduced CD44 and RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation. In vitro, MMP-9 addition enhanced IL-6 and MCP-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as cell migration, which was reversed by an MMP-9 inhibitor. In conclusion, MMP-9 knockout attenuated AV fistula stenosis by reducing perioperative vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chung Shih
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-C.S.); (H.M.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Chen
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.-M.K.)
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ming Ko
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.-M.K.)
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Center of Intelligent Drug System and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Hsu Ma
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan; (Y.-C.S.); (H.M.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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11
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Li L, Liu Q, Shang T, Song W, Xu D, Allen TD, Wang X, Jeong J, Lobe CG, Liu J. Aberrant Activation of Notch1 Signaling in Glomerular Endothelium Induces Albuminuria. Circ Res 2021; 128:602-618. [PMID: 33435713 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Glomerular capillaries are lined with a highly specialized fenestrated endothelium and contribute to the glomerular filtration barrier. The Notch signaling pathway is involved in regulation of glomerular filtration barrier, but its role in glomerular endothelium has not been investigated due to the embryonic lethality of animal models with genetic modification of Notch pathway components in the endothelium. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of aberrant activation of the Notch signaling in glomerular endothelium and the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS We established the ZEG-NICD1 (notch1 intracellular domain)/Tie2-tTA/Tet-O-Cre transgenic mouse model to constitutively activate Notch1 signaling in endothelial cells of adult mice. The triple transgenic mice developed severe albuminuria with significantly decreased VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin) expression in the glomerular endothelium. In vitro studies showed that either NICD1 (Notch1 intracellular domain) lentiviral infection or treatment with Notch ligand DLL4 (delta-like ligand 4) markedly reduced VE-cadherin expression and increased monolayer permeability of human renal glomerular endothelial cells. In addition, Notch1 activation or gene knockdown of VE-cadherin reduced the glomerular endothelial glycocalyx. Further investigation demonstrated that activated Notch1 suppression of VE-cadherin was through the transcription factors SNAI1 (snail family transcriptional repressor 1) and ERG (Ets related gene), which bind to the -373 E-box and the -134/-118 ETS (E26 transformation-specific) element of the VE-cadherin promoter, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal novel regulatory mechanisms whereby endothelial Notch1 signaling dictates the level of VE-cadherin through the transcription factors SNAI1 and ERG, leading to dysfunction of glomerular filtration barrier and induction of albuminuria. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Li
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center (L.L., Q.L., J.L.), Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,School of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.L., T.S., W.S., X.W.)
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center (L.L., Q.L., J.L.), Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tongyao Shang
- School of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.L., T.S., W.S., X.W.)
| | - Wei Song
- School of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.L., T.S., W.S., X.W.)
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Nephrology (D.X.), Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Thaddeus D Allen
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Division, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (T.D.A., J.J., C.G.L.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics (T.D.A., C.G.L.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Tradewind BioScience, Daly City, California (T.D.A.)
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China (L.L., T.S., W.S., X.W.)
| | - James Jeong
- General Internal Medicine, Markham Stouffville Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (J.J.)
| | - Corrinne G Lobe
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Division, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre (T.D.A., J.J., C.G.L.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics (T.D.A., C.G.L.), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ju Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center (L.L., Q.L., J.L.), Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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12
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Guo Q, Huang F, Qing Y, Feng S, Xiao X, Wang Y, Liang M, Wang T, Mitch WE, Cheng J. Decreased Jagged1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells delays endothelial regeneration in arteriovenous graft. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:2142-2155. [PMID: 31913453 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS It is well-established that endothelial dysfunction promotes activation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). Whether decreased accumulation of VSMCs affects endothelial regeneration and functions in arteriovenous graft (AVG) remodelling has not been studied. We sought to identify mechanisms by which the Notch ligand, Jagged1, in VSMCs regulates endothelial cell (EC) functions in AVGs. METHODS AND RESULTS AVGs were created in transgenic mice bearing VSMC-specific knockout (KO) or overexpression of Jagged1. VSMC migration, EC regeneration, and its barrier functions as well as AVG remodelling were evaluated. Jagged1 expression was induced in VSMCs of neointima in the AVGs. Jagged1 KO in VSMCs inhibited the accumulation of extracellular matrix as well as VSMC migration. Fewer α-SMA-positive VSMCs were found in AVGs created in VSMC-specific Jagged1 KO mice (VSMCJagged1 KO mice) vs. in WT mice. Decreased VSMCs in AVGs were associated with deterioration of EC functions. In AVGs created in transgenic mice bearing Jagged1 KO in VSMCs exhibited delayed EC regeneration and impaired EC barrier function. Barrier dysfunction of ECs increased inflammatory cell infiltration and dysregulation of AVG remodelling and arterialization. The increased expression of IL-1β in macrophages was associated with expression of adhesion markers in ECs in AVGs created in VSMCJagged1 KO mice. In contrast, AVGs created in mice with overexpression of Jagged1 in VSMCs exhibited improved EC regeneration plus decreased macrophage infiltration. This led to AVG remodelling and arterialization. In co-cultures of ECs and VSMCs, Jagged1 deficiency in VSMCs suppressed N-cadherin and integrin β3 expression in ECs. Inhibition of integrin β3 activation delayed EC spreading and migration. Notably, Jagged1 overexpression in VSMCs or treatment with recombinant Jagged1 stimulated the expression of N-cadherin and integrin β3 in ECs. Jagged1-induced responses were blocked by inhibition of Notch signalling. CONCLUSIONS Jagged1 expression in VSMCs maintains EC barrier functions and blocks infiltration of macrophages. These responses promote remodelling and arterialization of AVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunying Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fengzhang Huang
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ying Qing
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaozhen Feng
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Xiao
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ming Liang
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Cai C, Kilari S, Singh AK, Zhao C, Simeon ML, Misra A, Li Y, Misra S. Differences in Transforming Growth Factor-β1/BMP7 Signaling and Venous Fibrosis Contribute to Female Sex Differences in Arteriovenous Fistulas. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e017420. [PMID: 32757791 PMCID: PMC7660821 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.017420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Women have decreased hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation and patency rates. We determined the mechanisms responsible for the sex‐specific differences in AVF maturation and stenosis formation by performing whole transcriptome RNA sequencing with differential gene expression and pathway analysis, histopathological changes, and in vitro cell culture experiments from male and female smooth muscle cells. Methods and Results Mice with chronic kidney disease and AVF were used. Outflow veins were evaluated for gene expression, histomorphometric analysis, Doppler ultrasound, immunohistologic analysis, and fibrosis. Primary vascular smooth muscle cells were collected from female and male aorta vessels. In female AVFs, RNA sequencing with real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated a significant decrease in the average gene expression of BMP7 (bone morphogenetic protein 7) and downstream IL17Rb (interleukin 17 receptor b), with increased transforming growth factor‐β1 (Tgf‐β1) and transforming growth factor‐β receptor 1 (Tgfβ‐r1). There was decreased peak velocity, negative vascular remodeling with higher venous fibrosis and an increase in synthetic vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype, decrease in proliferation, and increase in apoptosis in female outflow veins at day 28. In vitro primary vascular smooth muscle cell experiments performed under hypoxic conditions demonstrated, in female compared with male cells, that there was increased gene expression of Tgf‐β1, Tgfβ‐r1, andCol1 with increased migration. Conclusions In female AVFs, there is decreased gene expression of BMP7 and IL17Rb with increased Tgf‐β1 and Tgfβ‐r1, and the cellular and vascular differences result in venous fibrosis with negative vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery Union Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Sreenivasulu Kilari
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Avishek K Singh
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Chenglei Zhao
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.,Department of Vascular Surgery The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Michael L Simeon
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Avanish Misra
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery Union Hospital Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Sanjay Misra
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN.,Department of Radiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
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14
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Chavkin NW, Hirschi KK. Single Cell Analysis in Vascular Biology. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:42. [PMID: 32296715 PMCID: PMC7137757 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to quantify DNA, RNA, and protein variations at the single cell level has revolutionized our understanding of cellular heterogeneity within tissues. Via such analyses, individual cells within populations previously thought to be homogeneous can now be delineated into specific subpopulations expressing unique sets of genes, enabling specialized functions. In vascular biology, studies using single cell RNA sequencing have revealed extensive heterogeneity among endothelial and mural cells even within the same vessel, key intermediate cell types that arise during blood and lymphatic vessel development, and cell-type specific responses to disease. Thus, emerging new single cell analysis techniques are enabling vascular biologists to elucidate mechanisms of vascular development, homeostasis, and disease that were previously not possible. In this review, we will provide an overview of single cell analysis methods and highlight recent advances in vascular biology made possible through single cell RNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Chavkin
- Department of Cell Biology, Developmental Genomics Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, Developmental Genomics Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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15
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Cai C, Zhao C, Kilari S, Sharma A, Singh AK, Simeon ML, Misra A, Li Y, Misra S. Effect of sex differences in treatment response to angioplasty in a murine arteriovenous fistula model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F565-F575. [PMID: 31813252 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00474.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure to mature and venous neointimal hyperplasia formation are the two major causes of hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula (AVF) vascular access failure. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is the firstline treatment for both of these conditions, but, clinically, women have decreased patency rates compared with men. The hypothesis to be tested in the present study was that female mice after PTA of venous areas of higher intimal thickening have increased gene expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFβ-R1) accompanied with histological changes of fibrosis compared with male mice. Seventeen male and eighteen female C57BL/6J mice were used in this study. Chronic kidney disease was induced by partial nephrectomy, and, 28 days later, an AVF was created to connect the left carotid artery to the right jugular vein. Two weeks later, the higher intimal thickening area was treated with PTA, and mice were euthanized 3 days later for gene expression analysis or 14 days later for histopathological analysis. Doppler ultrasound was performed weekly after AVF creation. At day 3, female AVF had significantly higher average gene expression of TGF-β1 and TGFβ-R1 compared with male AVF. At day 14, female outflow veins had a smaller venous diameter, lumen vessel area, decreased wall shear stress, lower average peak systolic velocity, and an increased neointima area-to-media area ratio. Moreover, female outflow veins showed a significant increase in α-smooth muscle actin and fibroblast-specific protein-1. There was a decrease in M1/M2 with an increase in CD68.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chenglei Zhao
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sreenivasulu Kilari
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amit Sharma
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Avishek K Singh
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael L Simeon
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Avanish Misra
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanjay Misra
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Radiology, Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota
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16
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Wang XF, Zhang BH, Lu XQ, Wang RQ. DLX5 gene regulates the Notch signaling pathway to promote glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in uremic rats. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21825-21837. [PMID: 31297803 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Uremia largely results from the accumulation of organic waste products normally cleared by the kidneys, which commonly accompanies kidney failure and chronic kidney disease. However, genetic investigations in a uremia remain largely unclear. This study aimed to determine the expression patterns of distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) in uremia rat model and further to study its effects on glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Uremic expression chip was applied to screen differentially expressed genes in uremia. Next, we used small interfering RNA-mediated RNA interference to specifically silence DLX5 in experimental uremic rats to understand the regulatory mechanism of DLX5. To understand effect of Notch1 signaling pathway in uremia, we also treated experimental uremic rats with γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), an inhibitor of Notch1 signaling pathway. The expression of fibronectin (FN), laminin (LN), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Hes1, Hes5, and Jagged2 was determined. The semiquantitative assessment was applied to verify the effects of DLX5 on glomerulosclerosis. In the uremic expression chip, we found that DLX5 was upregulated in uremia samples, and considered to regulate the Notch signaling pathway. We found that small interfering RNA-mediated DLX5 inhibition or Notch1 signaling pathway inhibitory treatment relieved and delayed the kidney injury and glomerulosclerosis in uremia. Meanwhile, inhibition of DLX5 or Nothch1 signaling pathway reduced expression of FN, LN, Nothch1, TGF-β1, Hes1, Hes5, and Jagged2. Intriguingly, we discovered that Notch1 signaling pathway was inhibited after silencing DLX5. In conclusion, these findings highlight that DLX5 regulates Notch signaling, which may, in turn, promote complications of uremia such as kidney fibrosis, providing a novel therapeutic target for treating uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fang Wang
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Hao Zhang
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lu
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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17
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Rehman M, Vodret S, Braga L, Guarnaccia C, Celsi F, Rossetti G, Martinelli V, Battini T, Long C, Vukusic K, Kocijan T, Collesi C, Ring N, Skoko N, Giacca M, Del Sal G, Confalonieri M, Raspa M, Marcello A, Myers MP, Crovella S, Carloni P, Zacchigna S. High-throughput screening discovers antifibrotic properties of haloperidol by hindering myofibroblast activation. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123987. [PMID: 30996132 PMCID: PMC6538355 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of various diseases, with very limited therapeutic solutions. A key event in the fibrotic process is the expression of contractile proteins, including α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) by fibroblasts, which become myofibroblasts. Here, we report the results of a high-throughput screening of a library of approved drugs that led to the discovery of haloperidol, a common antipsychotic drug, as a potent inhibitor of myofibroblast activation. We show that haloperidol exerts its antifibrotic effect on primary murine and human fibroblasts by binding to sigma receptor 1, independent from the canonical transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Its mechanism of action involves the modulation of intracellular calcium, with moderate induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress response, which in turn abrogates Notch1 signaling and the consequent expression of its targets, including αSMA. Importantly, haloperidol also reduced the fibrotic burden in 3 different animal models of lung, cardiac, and tumor-associated fibrosis, thus supporting the repurposing of this drug for the treatment of fibrotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Corrado Guarnaccia
- Biotechnology Development, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fulvio Celsi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo,” Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chiara Collesi
- Molecular Medicine, and
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Natasa Skoko
- Biotechnology Development, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- Molecular Medicine, and
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- National Laboratory CIB, Area Science Park Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council, CNR-Campus International Development (EMMA-INFRAFRONTIER-IMPC), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Michael P. Myers
- Protein Networks Laboratories, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biotechnology Development, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Computational Biomedicine Section, Institute of Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- Cardiovascular Biology
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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18
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Elucidating the role of graft compliance mismatch on intimal hyperplasia using an ex vivo organ culture model. Acta Biomater 2019; 89:84-94. [PMID: 30878448 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing clinical need to address high failure rates of small diameter (<6 mm) synthetic vascular grafts. Although there is a strong empirical correlation between low patency rates and low compliance of synthetic grafts, the mechanism by which compliance mismatch leads to intimal hyperplasia is poorly understood. To elucidate this relationship, synthetic vascular grafts were fabricated that varied compliance independent of other graft variables. A computational model was then used to estimate changes in fluid flow and wall shear stress as a function of graft compliance. The effect of compliance on arterial remodeling in an ex vivo organ culture model was then examined to identify early markers of intimal hyperplasia. The computational model prediction of low wall shear stress of low compliance grafts and clinical control correlated well with alterations in arterial smooth muscle cell marker, extracellular matrix, and inflammatory marker staining patterns at the distal anastomoses. Conversely, high compliance grafts displayed minimal changes in fluid flow and arterial remodeling, similar to the sham control. Overall, this work supports the intrinsic link between compliance mismatch and intimal hyperplasia and highlights the utility of this ex vivo organ culture model for rapid screening of small diameter vascular grafts. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We present an ex vivo organ culture model as a means to screen vascular grafts for early markers of intimal hyperplasia, a leading cause of small diameter vascular graft failure. Furthermore, a computational model was used to predict the effect of graft compliance on wall shear stress and then correlate these values to changes in arterial remodeling in the organ culture model. Combined, the ex vivo bioreactor system and computational model provide insight into the mechanistic relationship between graft-arterial compliance mismatch and the onset of intimal hyperplasia.
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19
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Liang M, Guo Q, Huang F, Han G, Song K, Luo J, Cheng H, Hu H, Peden EK, Chen C, Mitch WE, Du J, Fu X, Truong L, Cheng J. Notch signaling in bone marrow-derived FSP-1 cells initiates neointima formation in arteriovenous fistulas. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1347-1358. [PMID: 30799025 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neointima formation is a major contributor to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. We have previously shown that activation of the Notch signaling pathway contributes to neointima formation by promoting the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into the venous anastomosis. In the current study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the dedifferentiation and migration of VSMCs, and in particular the role of bone marrow-derived fibroblast specific protein 1 (FSP-1)+ cells, another cell type found in models of vascular injury. Using VSMC-specific reporter mice, we found that most of the VSMCs participating in AVF neointima formation originated from dedifferentiated VSMCs. We also observed infiltration of bone marrow-derived FSP-1+ cells into the arterial anastomosis where they could interact with VSMCs. In vitro, conditioned media from FSP-1+ cells stimulated VSMC proliferation and phenotype switching. Activated Notch signaling transformed FSP-1+ cells into type I macrophages and stimulated secretion of cytokines and growth factors. Pretreatment with a Notch inhibitor or knockout of the canonical downstream factor RBP-Jκ in bone marrow-derived FSP1+ cells decreased FSP1+ cell infiltration into murine AVFs, attenuating VSMC dedifferentiation and neointima formation. Our results suggest that targeting Notch signaling could provide a new therapeutic strategy to improve AVF patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qunying Guo
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fengzhang Huang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guofeng Han
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ke Song
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hunter Cheng
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Pain Center, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric K Peden
- Department of Vascular Surgery, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Changyi Chen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luan Truong
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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20
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Tian D, Zeng X, Wang W, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Protective effect of rapamycin on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in HUVECs through the Notch signaling pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 113:20-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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21
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Allon M, Litovsky SH, Tey JCS, Sundberg CA, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Fang Y, Cheung AK, Shiu YT. Abnormalities of vascular histology and collagen fiber configuration in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. J Vasc Access 2019; 20:31-40. [PMID: 29742957 PMCID: PMC6212345 DOI: 10.1177/1129729818773305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Several histologic features have been identified in the upper-extremity arteries and veins of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease, which may affect arteriovenous fistula maturation. However, it is unclear whether these chronic kidney disease vascular features are abnormal. METHODS: We obtained upper-extremity arterial and venous specimens from 125 advanced chronic kidney disease patients undergoing arteriovenous fistula creation and from 15 control subjects. We quantified medial fibrosis, micro-calcification, and intimal hyperplasia with appropriate histology stains. We characterized medial collagen fiber configuration in second-harmonic-generation microscopy images for the fiber anisotropy index and the dominant fiber direction. RESULTS: The advanced chronic kidney disease patients were significantly younger than control subjects (53 ± 14 years vs 76 ± 11 years, p < 0.001). After controlling for age, the chronic kidney disease patients had greater arterial medial fibrosis (69% ± 14% vs 51% ± 10%, p < 0.001) and greater arterial micro-calcification (3.03% ± 5.17% vs 0.01% ± 0.03%, p = 0.02), but less arterial intimal thickness (30 ± 25 µm vs 63 ± 25 µm, p < 0.001), as compared to control subjects. The anisotropy index of medial collagen fibers was lower in both arteries (0.24 ± 0.10 vs 0.44 ± 0.04, p < 0.001) and veins (0.28 ± 0.09 vs 0.53 ± 0.10, p < 0.001) in chronic kidney disease patients, indicating that orientation of the fibers was more disordered. The dominant direction of medial collagen fibers in chronic kidney disease patients was greater in the arteries (49.3° ± 23.6° vs 4.0° ± 2.0°, p < 0.001) and the veins (30.0° ± 19.6° vs 3.9° ± 2.1°, p < 0.001), indicating that the fibers in general were aligned more perpendicular to the lumen. CONCLUSION: Advanced chronic kidney disease is associated with several abnormalities in vascular histology and collagen fiber configuration. Future research is needed to investigate whether these abnormalities affect the maturation outcomes of arteriovenous fistulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Allon
- Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Silvio H. Litovsky
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason Chieh Sheng Tey
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chad A. Sundberg
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yun Fang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alfred K. Cheung
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan-Ting Shiu
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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22
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Huang S, Park J, Qiu C, Chung KW, Li SY, Sirin Y, Han SH, Taylor V, Zimber-Strobl U, Susztak K. Jagged1/Notch2 controls kidney fibrosis via Tfam-mediated metabolic reprogramming. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005233. [PMID: 30226866 PMCID: PMC6161902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While Notch signaling has been proposed to play a key role in fibrosis, the direct molecular pathways targeted by Notch signaling and the precise ligand and receptor pair that are responsible for kidney disease remain poorly defined. In this study, we found that JAG1 and NOTCH2 showed the strongest correlation with the degree of interstitial fibrosis in a genome-wide expression analysis of a large cohort of human kidney samples. Transcript analysis of mouse kidney disease models, including folic-acid (FA)-induced nephropathy, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), or apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1)-associated kidney disease, indicated that Jag1 and Notch2 levels were higher in all analyzed kidney fibrosis models. Mice with tubule-specific deletion of Jag1 or Notch2 (Kspcre/Jag1flox/flox and Kspcre/Notch2flox/flox) had no kidney-specific alterations at baseline but showed protection from FA-induced kidney fibrosis. Tubule-specific genetic deletion of Notch1 and global knockout of Notch3 had no effect on fibrosis. In vitro chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and genome-wide expression studies identified the mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) as a direct Notch target. Re-expression of Tfam in tubule cells prevented Notch-induced metabolic and profibrotic reprogramming. Tubule-specific deletion of Tfam resulted in fibrosis. In summary, Jag1 and Notch2 play a key role in kidney fibrosis development by regulating Tfam expression and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizheng Huang
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jihwan Park
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chengxiang Qiu
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Szu-yuan Li
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yasemin Sirin
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Verdon Taylor
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Zimber-Strobl
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environment and Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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23
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Zhang L, Wu JH, Otto JC, Gurley SB, Hauser ER, Shenoy SK, Nagi K, Brian L, Wertman V, Mattocks N, Lawson JH, Freedman NJ. Interleukin-9 mediates chronic kidney disease-dependent vein graft disease: a role for mast cells. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1551-1559. [PMID: 29048463 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a powerful independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, including vein graft failure. Because CKD impairs the clearance of small proteins, we tested the hypothesis that CKD exacerbates vein graft disease by elevating serum levels of critical cytokines that promote vein graft neointimal hyperplasia. Methods and results We modelled CKD in C57BL/6 mice with 5/6ths nephrectomy, which reduced glomerular filtration rate by 60%, and we modelled vein grafting with inferior-vena-cava-to-carotid interposition grafting. CKD increased vein graft neointimal hyperplasia four-fold, decreased vein graft re-endothelialization two-fold, and increased serum levels of interleukin-9 (IL-9) five-fold. By quantitative immunofluorescence and histochemical staining, vein grafts from CKD mice demonstrated a ∼two-fold higher prevalence of mast cells, and a six-fold higher prevalence of activated mast cells. Concordantly, vein grafts from CKD mice showed higher levels of TNF and NFκB activation, as judged by phosphorylation of NFκB p65 on Ser536 and by expression of VCAM-1. Arteriovenous fistula veins from humans with CKD also showed up-regulation of mast cells and IL-9. Treating CKD mice with IL-9-neutralizing IgG reduced vein graft neointimal area four-fold, increased vein graft re-endothelialization ∼two-fold, and reduced vein graft total and activated mast cell levels two- and four-fold, respectively. Treating CKD mice with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn reduced neointimal hyperplasia and increased re-endothelialization in vein grafts. In vitro, IL-9 promoted endothelial cell apoptosis but had no effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation. Conclusion CKD aggravates vein graft disease through mechanisms involving IL-9 and mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth R Hauser
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics.,Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karim Nagi
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil J Freedman
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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24
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New developments in mechanotransduction: Cross talk of the Wnt, TGF-β and Notch signalling pathways in reaction to shear stress. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Long Noncoding RNA uc001pwg.1 Is Downregulated in Neointima in Arteriovenous Fistulas and Mediates the Function of Endothelial Cells Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:4252974. [PMID: 29387090 PMCID: PMC5745761 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4252974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate important roles for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as essential regulators of gene expression. However, the specific roles of lncRNAs in stenotic lesions of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure are still largely unknown. We first analyzed the expression profiles of lncRNAs in human stenosed and nonstenotic uremic veins using RNA-sequencing methodology. A total of 19 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in stenotic lesions. Among these, uc001pwg.1 was one of the most significantly downregulated lncRNAs and enriched in both control vein segments and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Further studies revealed that uc001pwg.1 overexpression could increase nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation and nitric oxide (NO) production in endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (HiPSCs). Mechanistically, uc001pwg.1 improves endothelial function via mediating MCAM expression. This study represents the first effort of identifying a novel candidate lncRNA for modulating the function of iPSC-ECs, which may facilitate the improvement of stem cell-based therapies for AVF failure.
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26
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Luo J, Chen G, Liang M, Xie A, Li Q, Guo Q, Sharma R, Cheng J. Reduced Expression of Glutathione S-Transferase α 4 Promotes Vascular Neointimal Hyperplasia in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:505-517. [PMID: 29127112 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointima formation is the leading cause of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) failure. We have shown that CKD accelerates this process by transforming the vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) lining the AVF from a contractile to the synthetic phenotype. However, the underlying mechanisms affecting this transformation are not clear. Previous studies have shown that the α-class glutathione transferase isozymes have an important role in regulating 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-mediated proliferative signaling of cells. Here, using both the loss- and gain-of-function approaches, we investigated the role of glutathione S-transferase α4 (GSTA4) in modulating cellular 4-HNE levels for the transformation and proliferation of SMCs. Compared with non-CKD controls, mice with CKD had downregulated expression of GSTA4 at the mRNA and protein levels, with concomitant increase in 4-HNE in arteries and veins. This effect was associated with upregulated phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathway proteins in proliferating SMCs. Overexpressing GSTA4 blocked 4-HNE-induced SMC proliferation. Additionally, inhibitors of MAPK signaling inhibited the 4-HNE-induced responses. Compared with wild-type mice, mice lacking GSTA4 exhibited increased CKD-induced neointima formation in AVF. Transient expression of an activated form of GSTA4, achieved using a combined Tet-On/Cre induction system in mice, lowered levels of 4-HNE and reduced the proliferation of SMCs. Together, these results demonstrate the critical role of GSTA4 in blocking CKD-induced neointima formation and AVF failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Luo
- Department of Emergency, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Guang Chen
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Integrative Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Ming Liang
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Aini Xie
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qingtian Li
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Qunying Guo
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rajendra Sharma
- Department of Integrative Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas;
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27
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Liang M, Yu M, Xia R, Song K, Wang J, Luo J, Chen G, Cheng J. Yap/Taz Deletion in Gli + Cell-Derived Myofibroblasts Attenuates Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:3278-3290. [PMID: 28768710 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015121354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In damaged kidneys, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) and tissue stiffness stimulate kidney fibrosis through incompletely characterized molecular mechanisms. The transcriptional coactivators yes-associated protein (Yap) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (Taz) function as mechanosensors in cancer cells and have been implicated in the regulation of myofibroblasts in the kidney. We hypothesized that the development of kidney fibrosis depends on Yap-induced activation and proliferation of kidney fibroblasts. In mice, Yap expression increased in renal fibroblasts after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), in association with worsening of interstitial fibrosis. In cultured fibroblasts, inhibition of Yap/Taz signaling blocked TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation and ECM production, whereas constitutive activation of Yap promoted fibroblast transformation and ECM production even in the absence of TGF-β1. Moreover, in the absence of TGF-β1, fibroblasts seeded on a stiffened ECM transformed into myofibroblasts in a process dependent on the activation of Yap. In mice with UUO, the Yap inhibitor verteporfin reduced interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, Gli1+ cell-specific knockout of Yap/Taz in mice suppressed UUO-induced ECM deposition, myofibroblast accumulation, and interstitial fibrosis. In a UUO-release model, induction of Gli1+ cell-specific Yap/Taz knockout partially reversed the development of interstitial fibrosis. Thus, in the kidney, Yap is a tissue mechanosensor that can be activated by ECM and transforms fibroblasts into myofibroblasts; the interaction of Yap/Taz and ECM forms a feed-forward loop resulting in kidney fibrosis. Identifying mechanisms that interrupt this profibrotic cycle could lead to the development of anti-fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; and.,Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Michael Yu
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Ruohan Xia
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Ke Song
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Jun Wang
- Molecular Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Guang Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Departments of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health and
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28
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Tian DY, Jin XR, Zeng X, Wang Y. Notch Signaling in Endothelial Cells: Is It the Therapeutic Target for Vascular Neointimal Hyperplasia? Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081615. [PMID: 28757591 PMCID: PMC5578007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood vessels respond to injury through a healing process that includes neointimal hyperplasia. The vascular endothelium is a monolayer of cells that separates the outer vascular wall from the inner circulating blood. The disruption and exposure of endothelial cells (ECs) to subintimal components initiate the neointimal formation. ECs not only act as a highly selective barrier to prevent early pathological changes of neointimal hyperplasia, but also synthesize and release molecules to maintain vascular homeostasis. After vascular injury, ECs exhibit varied responses, including proliferation, regeneration, apoptosis, phenotypic switching, interacting with other cells by direct contact or secreted molecules and the change of barrier function. This brief review presents the functional role of the evolutionarily-conserved Notch pathway in neointimal hyperplasia, notably by regulating endothelial cell functions (proliferation, regeneration, apoptosis, differentiation, cell-cell interaction). Understanding endothelial cell biology should help us define methods to prompt cell proliferation, prevent cell apoptosis and dysfunction, block neointimal hyperplasia and vessel narrowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yuan Tian
- Trainee Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xu-Rui Jin
- Trainee Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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29
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Lee T, Misra S. New Insights into Dialysis Vascular Access: Molecular Targets in Arteriovenous Fistula and Arteriovenous Graft Failure and Their Potential to Improve Vascular Access Outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 11:1504-1512. [PMID: 27401527 PMCID: PMC4974876 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.02030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular access dysfunction remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. At present there are few effective therapies for this clinical problem. The poor understanding of the pathobiology that leads to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and graft (AVG) dysfunction remains a critical barrier to development of novel and effective therapies. However, in recent years we have made substantial progress in our understanding of the mechanisms of vascular access dysfunction. This article presents recent advances and new insights into the pathobiology of AVF and AVG dysfunction and highlights potential therapeutic targets to improve vascular access outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timmy Lee
- Department of Medicine and Division of Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Sanjay Misra
- Vascular and Interventional Radiology Translational Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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30
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The battlefield at arteriovenous crossroads: invading arterial smooth muscle cells occupy the outflow tract of fistulas. Kidney Int 2016; 88:431-3. [PMID: 26323067 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is an ongoing debate about the anatomical origin of the neointimal cells that are responsible for venous stenotic lesions in arteriovenous fistulas. Liang and co-workers show that vascular smooth muscle cells from the feeding artery contribute substantially to venous intimal hyperplasia in a murine AVF model. In addition, they show that increased Notch signaling is the driving force behind FSP-1-mediated migration of these cells to the venous outflow tract.
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31
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Kwon SH, Li L, He Y, Tey CS, Li H, Zhuplatov I, Kim SJ, Terry CM, Blumenthal DK, Shiu YT, Cheung AK. Prevention of Venous Neointimal Hyperplasia by a Multitarget Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. J Vasc Res 2016; 52:244-256. [PMID: 26788996 DOI: 10.1159/000442977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Venous neointimal hyperplasia (NH) is the predominant cause of stenosis in hemodialysis arteriovenous grafts (AVG), but there is currently no clinically used therapy to prevent NH. METHODS A porcine AVG model was used to identify potential pharmacological targets to prevent NH. Sunitinib, a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was examined as a potential anti-NH drug utilizing in vitro and ex vivo models. RESULTS In an in vivo porcine model, PDGF, VEGF and their receptors PDGFR-α and VEGFR-2 were upregulated at the venous anastomosis within 2 weeks after AVG placement, with NH development by 4 weeks. Sunitinib inhibited PDGF-stimulated proliferation, migration, phosphorylation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt proteins and changes in the expression of cell-cycle regulatory proteins in vascular smooth-muscle cells as well as VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation in vitro. In an ex vivo model, significant NH was observed in porcine vein segments perfused for 12 days under pathological shear stress. Sunitinib (100 nM) inhibited NH formation, with the intima-to-lumen area ratio decreasing from 0.45 ± 0.25 to 0.04 ± 0.02 (p < 0.05) with treatment. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate sunitinib to be a potential NH-preventive drug as well as the utility of an ex vivo model to investigate pharmacotherapies under pathophysiological flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hyung Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Li Li
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Yuxia He
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Chieh Sheng Tey
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Huan Li
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Ilya Zhuplatov
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Seung-Jung Kim
- School of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Christi M Terry
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Donald K Blumenthal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Yan-Ting Shiu
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
| | - Alfred K Cheung
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A.,Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah, U.S.A
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32
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Kang L, Grande JP, Hillestad ML, Croatt AJ, Barry MA, Katusic ZS, Nath KA. A new model of an arteriovenous fistula in chronic kidney disease in the mouse: beneficial effects of upregulated heme oxygenase-1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F466-76. [PMID: 26672617 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00288.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred hemodialysis vascular access, but it is complicated by high failure rates and attendant morbidity. This study provides the first description of a murine AVF model that recapitulates two salient features of hemodialysis AVFs, namely, anastomosis of end-vein to side-artery to create the AVF and the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD reduced AVF blood flow, observed as early as 3 days after AVF creation, and increased neointimal hyperplasia, venous wall thickness, thrombus formation, and vasculopathic gene expression in the AVF. These adverse effects of CKD could not be ascribed to preexisting alterations in blood pressure or vascular reactivity in this CKD model. In addition to vasculopathic genes, CKD induced potentially vasoprotective genes in the AVF such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and HO-2. To determine whether prior HO-1 upregulation may protect in this model, we upregulated HO-1 by adeno-associated viral gene delivery, achieving marked venous induction of the HO-1 protein and HO activity. Such HO-1 upregulation improved AVF blood flow and decreased venous wall thickness in the AVF. Finally, we demonstrate that the administration of carbon monoxide, a product of HO, acutely increased AVF blood flow. This study thus demonstrates: 1) the feasibility of a clinically relevant murine AVF model created in the presence of CKD and involving an end-vein to side-artery anastomosis; 2) the exacerbatory effect of CKD on clinically relevant features of this model; and 3) the beneficial effects in this model conferred by HO-1 upregulation by adeno-associated viral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Kang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Joseph P Grande
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Anthony J Croatt
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael A Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Zvonimir S Katusic
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karl A Nath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
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Franzoni M, Cattaneo I, Longaretti L, Figliuzzi M, Ene-Iordache B, Remuzzi A. Endothelial cell activation by hemodynamic shear stress derived from arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis access. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H49-59. [PMID: 26497959 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00098.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is the first cause of failure of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects on endothelial cells (ECs) of shear stress waveforms derived from AVF areas prone to develop IH. We used a cone-and-plate device to obtain real-time control of shear stress acting on EC cultures. We exposed human umbilical vein ECs for 48 h to different shear stimulations calculated in a side-to-end AVF model. Pulsatile unidirectional flow, representative of low-risk stenosis areas, induced alignment of ECs and actin fiber orientation with flow. Shear stress patterns of reciprocating flow, derived from high-risk stenosis areas, did not affect EC shape or cytoskeleton organization, which remained similar to static cultures. We also evaluated flow-induced EC expression of genes known to be involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and expression of cell adhesion molecules. Unidirectional flow induced a significant increase in Kruppel-like factor 2 mRNA expression, whereas it significantly reduced phospholipase D1, α4-integrin, and Ras p21 protein activator 1 mRNA expression. Reciprocating flow did not increase Kruppel-like factor 2 mRNA expression compared with static controls but significantly increased mRNA expression of phospholipase D1, α4-integrin, and Ras p21 protein activator 1. Reciprocating flow selectively increased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and IL-8 production. Furthermore, culture medium conditioned by ECs exposed to reciprocating flows selectively increased smooth muscle cell proliferation compared with unidirectional flow. Our results indicate that protective vascular effects induced in ECs by unidirectional pulsatile flow are not induced by reciprocating shear forces, suggesting a mechanism by which oscillating flow conditions may induce the development of IH in AVF and vascular access dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franzoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Irene Cattaneo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Lorena Longaretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Be rgamo, Italy; and
| | - Marina Figliuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Bogdan Ene-Iordache
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Dalmine, Italy
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Luo J, Liang M, Mitch WE, Danesh FR, Yu M, Cheng J. FSP-1 Impairs the Function of Endothelium Leading to Failure of Arteriovenous Grafts in Diabetic Mice. Endocrinology 2015; 156:2200-10. [PMID: 25774552 PMCID: PMC4430603 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To understand how endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction contributes to the failure of arteriovenous graft (AVG), we investigated the role of fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP-1) in cultured ECs and a mouse AVG model. In vitro, we uncovered a new FSP-1-dependent pathway that activates rho-associated, coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) in ECs, leading to phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 resulting in EC dysfunction. In cultured ECs, high glucose stimulated FSP-1 expression and increased permeability of an EC monolayer. The increase in permeability by the high glucose concentration was mediated by FSP-1 expression. Treatment of cultured ECs with FSP-1 caused leakage of the endothelial barrier plus increased expression of adhesion molecules and decreased expression of junction molecules. These responses were initiated by binding of FSP-1 to receptor for advanced glycation end products, which resulted in ROCK1 activation. In vivo, diabetes increased infiltration of inflammatory cells into AVGs and stimulated neointima formation. Increased FSP-1 expression and ROCK1 activation were found in AVGs of diabetic mice. Blocking FSP-1 suppressed diabetes-induced ROCK1 activation in AVGs. In mice with FSP-1 knockout or with ROCK1 knockout, accumulation of inflammatory cells and neointima formation in AVG were attenuated despite diabetes. Thus, mechanisms of inhibiting FSP-1 in ECs could improve AVG function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Luo
- Nephrology Division (J.L., M.L., W.E.M., M.Y., J.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030; Emergency Medicine (F.R.D.), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030; and Department of Emergency (J.L.), Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China 430074
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Migration of smooth muscle cells from the arterial anastomosis of arteriovenous fistulas requires Notch activation to form neointima. Kidney Int 2015; 88:490-502. [PMID: 25786100 PMCID: PMC4677993 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A major factor contributing to failure of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) is migration of smooth muscle cells into the forming neointima. To identify the source of smooth muscle cells in neointima, we created end-to-end AVFs by anastomosing the common carotid artery to the jugular vein and studied neural crest-derived smooth muscle cells from the carotid artery which are Wnt1-positive during development. In Wnt1-cre-GFP mice, smooth muscle cells in the carotid artery but not the jugular vein are labeled with GFP. About half of the cells were GFP-positive in the neointima indicating their migration from the carotid artery to the jugular vein in AVFs created in these mice. Since fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1) regulates smooth muscle cell migration, we examined FSP-1 in failed AVFs and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts from patients with ESRD or from AVFs in mice with chronic kidney disease. In smooth muscle cells of AVFs or PTFE grafts, FSP-1 and activation of Notch1 are present. In smooth muscle cells, Notch1 increased RBP-Jκ transcription factor activity and RBP-Jκ stimulated FSP-1 expression. Conditional knockout of RBP-Jκ in smooth muscle cells or general knockout of FSP-1, suppressed neointima formation in AVFs in mice. Thus, the artery of AVFs is the major source of smooth muscle cells during neointima formation. Knockout of RBP-Jκ or FSP-1 ameliorates neointima formation and might improve AVF patency during long-term follow up.
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36
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Liang M, Woodard LE, Liang A, Luo J, Wilson MH, Mitch WE, Cheng J. Protective role of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in endothelial cells against unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1234-50. [PMID: 25783760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) can regulate vascular homeostasis and endothelial function. We studied the role of IGF-1R in oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed in wild-type (WT) mice and mice with endothelial cell (EC)-specific IGF-1R knockout (KO). After UUO in endothelial IGF-1R KO mice, endothelial barrier dysfunction was more severe than in WT mice, as seen by increased inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin phosphorylation. UUO in endothelial IGF-1R KO mice increased interstitial fibroblast accumulation and enhanced extracellular protein deposition as compared with the WT mice. Endothelial barrier function measured by transendothelial migration in response to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was impaired in ECs. Silencing IGF-1R enhanced the influence of H2O2 in disrupting the VE-protein tyrosine phosphatase/VE-cadherin interaction. Overexpression of IGF-1R suppressed H2O2-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Furthermore, by using the piggyBac transposon system, we expressed IGF-1R in VE cells in mice. The expression of IGF-1R in ECs also suppressed the inflammatory cell infiltration and renal fibrosis induced by UUO. IGF-1R KO in the VE-cadherin lineage of bone marrow cells had no significant effect on the UUO-induced fibrosis, as compared with control mice. Our results indicate that IGF-1R in the endothelium maintains the endothelial barrier function by stabilization of the VE-protein tyrosine phosphatase/VE-cadherin complex. Decreased expression of IGF-1R impairs endothelial function and increases the fibrosis of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lauren E Woodard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anlin Liang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jinlong Luo
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew H Wilson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, and Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - William E Mitch
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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37
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Liang M, Wang Y, Liang A, Dong JF, Du J, Cheng J. Impaired integrin β3 delays endothelial cell regeneration and contributes to arteriovenous graft failure in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:607-15. [PMID: 25614287 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neointima formation is associated with stenosis and subsequent thrombosis in arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). A role of integrin β3 in the neointima formation of AVGs remains poorly understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS In integrin β3(-/-) mice, we found significantly accelerated occlusion of AVGs compared with the wild-type mice. This is caused by the development of neointima and lack of endothelial regeneration. The latter is a direct consequence of impaired functions of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) and platelets in integrin β3(-/-) mice. Evidence suggests the involvement of platelet regulating CAC homing to and differentiation at graft sites via transforming growth factor-β1 and Notch signaling pathway. First, CACs deficient of integrin β3 impaired adhesion activity toward exposed subendothelium. Second, platelets from integrin β3(-/-) mice failed to sufficiently stimulate CACs to differentiate into mature endothelial cells. Finally, we found that transforming growth factor-β1 level was increased in platelets from integrin β3(-/-) mice and resulted in enhanced Notch1 activation in CACs in AVGs. These results demonstrate that integrin β3 is critical for endothelial cell homing and differentiation. The increased transforming growth factor-β1 and Notch1 signaling mediates integrin β3(-/-)-induced AVG occlusion. This accelerated occlusion of AVGs was reversed in integrin β3(-/-) mice transplanted with the bone marrow from wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that boosting integrin β3 function in the endothelial cells and platelets could prevent neointima and thrombosis in AVGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang
- From the Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.W.); Puget Sound Blood Research Institute, Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.-F.D.); Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (J.D.); and Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.L., Y.W., A.L., J.C.)
| | - Yun Wang
- From the Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.W.); Puget Sound Blood Research Institute, Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.-F.D.); Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (J.D.); and Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.L., Y.W., A.L., J.C.)
| | - Anlin Liang
- From the Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.W.); Puget Sound Blood Research Institute, Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.-F.D.); Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (J.D.); and Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.L., Y.W., A.L., J.C.)
| | - Jin-Fei Dong
- From the Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.W.); Puget Sound Blood Research Institute, Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.-F.D.); Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (J.D.); and Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.L., Y.W., A.L., J.C.)
| | - Jie Du
- From the Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.W.); Puget Sound Blood Research Institute, Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.-F.D.); Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (J.D.); and Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.L., Y.W., A.L., J.C.)
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- From the Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China (M.L.); Department of Cell Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China (Y.W.); Puget Sound Blood Research Institute, Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (J.-F.D.); Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to the Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China (J.D.); and Nephrology Division, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.L., Y.W., A.L., J.C.).
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38
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Cui J, Kessinger CW, McCarthy JR, Sosnovik DE, Libby P, Thadhani RI, Jaffer FA. In vivo nanoparticle assessment of pathological endothelium predicts the development of inflow stenosis in murine arteriovenous fistula. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 35:189-96. [PMID: 25395614 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vivo assessment of pathological endothelium within arteriovenous fistula (AVF) could provide new insights into inflow stenosis, a common cause of AVF primary failure in end-stage renal disease patients. Here we developed nanoparticle-based imaging strategies to assess pathological endothelium in vivo and elucidate its relationship to neointimal hyperplasia formation in AVF. APPROACH AND RESULTS Jugular-carotid AVFs were created in C57BL/6 mice (n=38). Pathological endothelium in the AVF was visualized and quantified in vivo using dextranated magnetofluorescent nanoparticles (CLIO-VT680 [cross-linked iron oxide-VivoTag680]). At day 14, CLIO-VT680 was deposited in AVF, but only minimally in sham-operated arteries. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that CLIO-VT680 resided within endothelial cells and in the intimal extracellular space. Endothelial cells of AVF, but not control arteries, expressed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and showed augmented endothelial permeability near the anastomosis. Intravital microscopy demonstrated that CLIO-VT680 deposited most intensely near the AVF anastomosis (P<0.0001). The day 14 intravital microscopy CLIO-VT680 signal predicted the subsequent site and magnitude of AVF neointimal hyperplasia at day 42 (r=0.58, P<0.05). CLIO-VT680 deposition in AVF was further visualized by ex vivo MRI. CONCLUSIONS AVF develop a pathological endothelial response that can be assessed in vivo via nanoparticle-enhanced imaging. AVF endothelium is activated and exhibits augmented permeability, offering a targeting mechanism for nanoparticle deposition and retention in pathological endothelium. The in vivo AVF nanoparticle signal identified and predicted subsequent inflow neointimal hyperplasia. This approach could be used to test therapeutic interventions aiming to restore endothelial health and to decrease early AVF failure caused by inflow stenosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arteriovenous Fistula/metabolism
- Arteriovenous Fistula/pathology
- Arteriovenous Fistula/physiopathology
- Blood Flow Velocity
- Capillary Permeability
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Arteries/physiopathology
- Carotid Arteries/surgery
- Carotid Arteries/ultrastructure
- Cell Proliferation
- Constriction, Pathologic
- Dextrans
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/surgery
- Endothelium, Vascular/ultrastructure
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Hyperplasia
- Jugular Veins/metabolism
- Jugular Veins/pathology
- Jugular Veins/physiopathology
- Jugular Veins/surgery
- Jugular Veins/ultrastructure
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Magnetite Nanoparticles
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neointima
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Regional Blood Flow
- Time Factors
- Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Chase W Kessinger
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jason R McCarthy
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - David E Sosnovik
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Peter Libby
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Ravi I Thadhani
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Farouc A Jaffer
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center (J.C., C.W.K., D.E.S., F.A.J.), Division of Cardiology (P.L.), Division of Nephrology (J.C., R.I.T.), Center for System Biology (J.R.M.), Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging (D.E.S.), and Wellman Center for Photomedicine (F.A.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Rostama B, Peterson SM, Vary CPH, Liaw L. Notch signal integration in the vasculature during remodeling. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:97-104. [PMID: 25464152 PMCID: PMC4304902 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling plays many important roles in homeostasis and remodeling in the vessel wall, and serves a critical role in the communication between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Within blood vessels, Notch signaling integrates with multiple pathways by mechanisms including direct protein–protein interaction, cooperative or synergistic regulation of signal cascades, and co-regulation of transcriptional targets. After establishment of the mature blood vessel, the spectrum and intensity of Notch signaling change during phases of active remodeling or disease progression. These changes can be mediated by regulation via microRNAs and protein stability or signaling, and corresponding changes in complementary signaling pathways. Notch also affects endothelial cells on a system level by regulating key metabolic components. This review will outline the most recent findings of Notch activity in blood vessels, with a focus on how Notch signals integrate with other molecular signaling pathways controlling vascular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Rostama
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, USA
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40
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Fitts MK, Pike DB, Anderson K, Shiu YT. Hemodynamic Shear Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction in Hemodialysis Access. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:33-44. [PMID: 25309636 DOI: 10.2174/1874303x01407010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Surgically-created blood conduits used for chronic hemodialysis, including native arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and synthetic AV grafts (AVGs), are the lifeline for kidney failure patients. Unfortunately, each has its own limitations: AVFs often fail to mature to become useful for dialysis and AVGs often fail due to stenosis as a result of neointimal hyperplasia, which preferentially forms at the graft-venous anastomosis. No clinical therapies are currently available to significantly promote AVF maturation or prevent neointimal hyperplasia in AVGs. Central to devising strategies to solve these problems is a complete mechanistic understanding of the pathophysiological processes. The pathology of arteriovenous access problems is likely multi-factorial. This review focuses on the roles of fluid-wall shear stress (WSS) and endothelial cells (ECs). In arteriovenous access, shunting of arterial blood flow directly into the vein drastically alters the hemodynamics in the vein. These hemodynamic changes are likely major contributors to non-maturation of an AVF vein and/or formation of neointimal hyperplasia at the venous anastomosis of an AVG. ECs separate blood from other vascular wall cells and also influence the phenotype of these other cells. In arteriovenous access, the responses of ECs to aberrant WSS may subsequently lead to AVF non-maturation and/or AVG stenosis. This review provides an overview of the methods for characterizing blood flow and calculating WSS in arteriovenous access and discusses EC responses to arteriovenous hemodynamics. This review also discusses the role of WSS in the pathology of arteriovenous access, as well as confounding factors that modulate the impact of WSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Fitts
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Daniel B Pike
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kasey Anderson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yan-Ting Shiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Dember
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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