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Ma C, Li Y, Tian M, Deng Q, Qin X, Lu H, Gao J, Chen M, Weinstein LS, Zhang M, Bu P, Yang J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang W. Gsα Regulates Macrophage Foam Cell Formation During Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2024; 134:e34-e51. [PMID: 38375634 PMCID: PMC10978275 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many cardiovascular pathologies are induced by signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors via Gsα (G protein stimulatory α subunit) proteins. However, the specific cellular mechanisms that are driven by Gsα and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis remain unclear. METHODS High-throughput screening involving data from single-cell and bulk sequencing were used to explore the expression of Gsα in atherosclerosis. The differentially expression and activity of Gsα were analyzed by immunofluorescence and cAMP measurements. Macrophage-specific Gsα knockout (Mac-GsαKO) mice were generated to study the effect on atherosclerosis. The role of Gsα was determined by transplanting bone marrow and performing assays for foam cell formation, Dil-ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) uptake, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS ScRNA-seq showed elevated Gnas in atherosclerotic mouse aorta's cholesterol metabolism macrophage cluster, while bulk sequencing confirmed increased GNAS expression in human plaque macrophage content. A significant upregulation of Gsα and active Gsα occurred in macrophages from human and mouse plaques. Ox-LDL could translocate Gsα from macrophage lipid rafts in short-term and promote Gnas transcription through ERK1/2 activation and C/EBPβ phosphorylation via oxidative stress in long-term. Atherosclerotic lesions from Mac-GsαKO mice displayed decreased lipid deposition compared with those from control mice. Additionally, Gsα deficiency alleviated lipid uptake and foam cell formation. Mechanistically, Gsα increased the levels of cAMP and transcriptional activity of the cAMP response element binding protein, which resulted in increased expression of CD36 and SR-A1. In the translational experiments, inhibiting Gsα activation with suramin or cpGN13 reduced lipid uptake, foam cell formation, and the progression of atherosclerotic plaques in mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Gsα activation is enhanced during atherosclerotic progression and increases lipid uptake and foam cell formation. The genetic or chemical inactivation of Gsα inhibit the development of atherosclerosis in mice, suggesting that drugs targeting Gsα may be useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yihui Li
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mi Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia, Jinan, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoteng Qin
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanlin Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangang Gao
- School of Life Science and Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Experimental Teratology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Min Chen
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - Lee S. Weinstein
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peili Bu
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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2
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Finch NC, Neal CR, Welsh GI, Foster RR, Satchell SC. The unique structural and functional characteristics of glomerular endothelial cell fenestrations and their potential as a therapeutic target in kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F465-F478. [PMID: 37471420 PMCID: PMC10639027 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00036.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) fenestrations are a critical component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Their unique nondiaphragmed structure is key to their function in glomerular hydraulic permeability, and their aberration in disease can contribute to loss of glomerular filtration function. This review provides a comprehensive update of current understanding of the regulation and biogenesis of fenestrae. We consider diseases in which GEnC fenestration loss is recognized or may play a role and discuss methods with potential to facilitate the study of these critical structures. Literature is drawn from GEnCs as well as other fenestrated cell types such as liver sinusoidal endothelial cells that most closely parallel GEnCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Finch
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
- Langford Vets, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R Neal
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin I Welsh
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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3
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Gimenez I, Hugo C, Todorov VT. Editorial: Recent advances on renoprotection and kidney regeneration. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1204789. [PMID: 37179821 PMCID: PMC10173307 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1204789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Gimenez
- Renal and Cardiovascular Physiopathology (FISIOPREN), Aragon’s Health Sciences Institute, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christian Hugo
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir T. Todorov
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Vladimir T. Todorov,
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4
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Tan H, Tong X, Gao Z, Xu Y, Tan L, Zhang W, Xiang R, Xu Y. The hMeDIP-Seq identified INPP4A as a novel biomarker for eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Epigenomics 2022; 14:757-775. [PMID: 35765979 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) is an endotype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps characterized by more severe symptoms, a stronger association with asthma and a greater recurrence risk. It is unknown whether DNA hydroxymethylation could influence ECRSwNP. Methods: Hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was carried out in three distinct groups (control, ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP). Additional qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve were performed. Results: Between ECRSwNP and NECRSwNP, 26 genes exhibited differential DNA hydroxymethylation. Consistent with their hydroxymethylation level, GNAL, INPP4A and IRF4 expression levels were significantly different between ECRSwNP and the other two groups. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that INPP4A mRNA has a high predictive accuracy for ECRSwNP. Conclusion: DNA hydroxymethylation regulates the expression of multiple genes in ECRSwNP. INPP4A mRNA was markedly decreased in ECRSwNP polyps and can predict ECRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoting Tong
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ziang Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lu Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
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5
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Desposito D, Schiessl IM, Gyarmati G, Riquier-Brison A, Izuhara AK, Kadoya H, Der B, Shroff UN, Hong YK, Peti-Peterdi J. Serial intravital imaging captures dynamic and functional endothelial remodeling with single-cell resolution. JCI Insight 2021; 6:123392. [PMID: 33848265 PMCID: PMC8262275 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells are important in the maintenance of healthy blood vessels and in the development of vascular diseases. However, the origin and dynamics of endothelial precursors and remodeling at the single-cell level have been difficult to study in vivo owing to technical limitations. Therefore, we aimed to develop a direct visual approach to track the fate and function of single endothelial cells over several days and weeks in the same vascular bed in vivo using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) of transgenic Cdh5-Confetti mice and the kidney glomerulus as a model. Individual cells of the vascular endothelial lineage were identified and tracked owing to their unique color combination, based on the random expression of cyan/green/yellow/red fluorescent proteins. Experimental hypertension, hyperglycemia, and laser-induced endothelial cell ablation rapidly increased the number of new glomerular endothelial cells that appeared in clusters of the same color, suggesting clonal cell remodeling by local precursors at the vascular pole. Furthermore, intravital MPM allowed the detection of distinct structural and functional alterations of proliferating endothelial cells. No circulating Cdh5-Confetti+ cells were found in the renal cortex. Moreover, the heart, lung, and kidneys showed more significant clonal endothelial cell expansion compared with the brain, pancreas, liver, and spleen. In summary, we have demonstrated that serial MPM of Cdh5-Confetti mice in vivo is a powerful technical advance to study endothelial remodeling and repair in the kidney and other organs under physiological and disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorinne Desposito
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Ina Maria Schiessl
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Georgina Gyarmati
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Anne Riquier-Brison
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Audrey K Izuhara
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Balint Der
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Urvi Nikhil Shroff
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
| | - Young-Kwon Hong
- Department of Surgery, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Janos Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, and
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6
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Abstract
Renin cells are essential for survival perfected throughout evolution to ensure normal development and defend the organism against a variety of homeostatic threats. During embryonic and early postnatal life, they are progenitors that participate in the morphogenesis of the renal arterial tree. In adult life, they are capable of regenerating injured glomeruli, control blood pressure, fluid-electrolyte balance, tissue perfusion, and in turn, the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells. Throughout life, renin cell descendants retain the plasticity or memory to regain the renin phenotype when homeostasis is threatened. To perform all of these functions and maintain well-being, renin cells must regulate their identity and fate. Here, we review the major mechanisms that control the differentiation and fate of renin cells, the chromatin events that control the memory of the renin phenotype, and the major pathways that determine their plasticity. We also examine how chronic stimulation of renin cells alters their fate leading to the development of a severe and concentric hypertrophy of the intrarenal arteries and arterioles. Lastly, we provide examples of additional changes in renin cell fate that contribute to equally severe kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez
- Departments of Pediatrics an Biology, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - R. Ariel Gomez
- Departments of Pediatrics an Biology, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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7
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Liu L, Deng Y, Cai Y, Lu P, Guo Y, Zhang C, Li Q, Zhang T, Han M, Xu G. Ablation of Gsa impairs renal tubule proliferation after injury via CDK2/cyclin E. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F793-F803. [PMID: 32036696 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00367.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury has a high global morbidity associated with an increased risk of death and chronic kidney disease. Renal tubular epithelial cell regeneration following injury may be a decisive factor in renal repair or the progression of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease, but the underlying mechanism of abnormal renal tubular repair remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of heterotrimeric G stimulatory protein α-subunit (Gsa) in renal tubular epithelial cell regeneration. We generated renal tubule epithelium-specific Gsa knockout (GsaKspKO) mice to show the essential role of Gsa in renal tubular epithelial cell regeneration in two AKI models: acute aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) and unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (UIRI). GsaKspKO mice developed more severe renal impairment after AAN and UIRI, higher serum creatinine levels, and more substantial tubular necrosis than wild-type mice. More importantly, Gsa inactivation impaired renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation by reducing bromodeoxyuridine+ cell numbers in the AAN model and inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin E1 expression in the UIRI model. This reduced proliferation was further supported in vitro with Gsa-targeting siRNA. Downregulation of Gsa inhibited tubular epithelial cell proliferation in HK-2 and mIMCD-3 cells. Furthermore, Gsa downregulation inhibited cyclin-dependent kinase 2/cyclin E1 expression, which was dependent on the Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. In conclusion, Gsa is required for tubular epithelial cell regeneration during kidney repair after AKI. Loss of Gsa impairs renal tubular epithelial cell regeneration by blocking the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanjun Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingfan Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianjing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Steglich A, Hickmann L, Linkermann A, Bornstein S, Hugo C, Todorov VT. Beyond the Paradigm: Novel Functions of Renin-Producing Cells. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:53-81. [PMID: 32691160 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The juxtaglomerular renin-producing cells (RPC) of the kidney are referred to as the major source of circulating renin. Renin is the limiting factor in renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which represents a proteolytic cascade in blood plasma that plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure. Further cells disseminated in the entire organism express renin at a low level as part of tissue RASs, which are thought to locally modulate the effects of systemic RAS. In recent years, it became increasingly clear that the renal RPC are involved in developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes outside RAS. Based on recent experimental evidence, a novel concept emerges postulating that next to their traditional role, the RPC have non-canonical RAS-independent progenitor and renoprotective functions. Moreover, the RPC are part of a widespread renin lineage population, which may act as a global stem cell pool coordinating homeostatic, stress, and regenerative responses throughout the organism. This review focuses on the RAS-unrelated functions of RPC - a dynamic research area that increasingly attracts attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steglich
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Hickmann
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir T Todorov
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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9
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Abstract
The kidney harbours different types of endothelia, each with specific structural and functional characteristics. The glomerular endothelium, which is highly fenestrated and covered by a rich glycocalyx, participates in the sieving properties of the glomerular filtration barrier and in the maintenance of podocyte structure. The microvascular endothelium in peritubular capillaries, which is also fenestrated, transports reabsorbed components and participates in epithelial cell function. The endothelium of large and small vessels supports the renal vasculature. These renal endothelia are protected by regulators of thrombosis, inflammation and complement, but endothelial injury (for example, induced by toxins, antibodies, immune cells or inflammatory cytokines) or defects in factors that provide endothelial protection (for example, regulators of complement or angiogenesis) can lead to acute or chronic renal injury. Moreover, renal endothelial cells can transition towards a mesenchymal phenotype, favouring renal fibrosis and the development of chronic kidney disease. Thus, the renal endothelium is both a target and a driver of kidney and systemic cardiovascular complications. Emerging therapeutic strategies that target the renal endothelium may lead to improved outcomes for both rare and common renal diseases.
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10
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Steglich A, Kessel F, Hickmann L, Gerlach M, Lachmann P, Gembardt F, Lesche M, Dahl A, Federlein A, Schweda F, Hugo CPM, Todorov VT. Renin cells with defective Gsα/cAMP signaling contribute to renal endothelial damage. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1205-1217. [PMID: 31388748 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of renin in renal renin-producing cells (RPCs) is controlled via the intracellular messenger cAMP. Interference with cAMP-mediated signaling by inducible knockout of Gs-alpha (Gsα) in RPCs of adult mice resulted in a complex adverse kidney phenotype. Therein, glomerular endothelial damage was most striking. In this study, we investigated whether Gsα knockout leads to a loss of RPCs, which itself may contribute to the endothelial injury. We compared the kidney phenotype of three RPC-specific conditional mouse lines during continuous induction of recombination. Mice expressing red fluorescent reporter protein tdTomato (tdT) in RPCs served as controls. tdT was also expressed in RPCs of the other two strains used, namely with RPC-specific Gsα knockout (Gsα mice) or with RPC-specific diphtheria toxin A expression (DTA mice, in which the RPCs should be diminished). Using immunohistological analysis, we found that RPCs decreased by 82% in the kidneys of Gsα mice as compared with controls. However, the number of tdT-positive cells was similar in the two strains, demonstrating that after Gsα knockout, the RPCs persist as renin-negative descendants. In contrast, both renin-positive and tdT-labeled cells decreased by 80% in DTA mice suggesting effective RPC ablation. Only Gsα mice displayed dysregulated endothelial cell marker expression indicating glomerular endothelial damage. In addition, a robust induction of genes involved in tissue remodelling with microvascular damage was identified in tdT-labeled RPCs isolated from Gsα mice. We concluded that Gsα/renin double-negative RPC progeny essentially contributes for the development of glomerular endothelial damage in our Gsα-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steglich
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friederike Kessel
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Hickmann
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gerlach
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Core Facility Cellular Imaging (CFCI), Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Lachmann
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Gembardt
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Dresden-concept Genome Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- Dresden-concept Genome Center, c/o Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 105, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Federlein
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schweda
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian P M Hugo
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir T Todorov
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Kurtz A. How can juxtaglomerular renin-producing cells support the integrity of glomerular endothelial cells? Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1161-1162. [PMID: 31396756 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Armin Kurtz
- Physiologisches Institut, Universität Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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12
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New automatic quantification method of immunofluorescence and histochemistry in whole histological sections. Cell Signal 2019; 62:109335. [PMID: 31170471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunofluorescent staining is a widespread tool in basic science to understand organ morphology and (patho-) physiology. The analysis of imaging data is often performed manually, limiting throughput and introducing human bias. Quantitative analysis is particularly challenging for organs with complex structure such as the kidney. In this study we present an approach for automatic quantification of fluorescent markers and histochemical stainings in whole organ sections using open source software. We validate our novel method in multiple typical challenges of basic kidney research and demonstrate its general relevance and applicability to other complex solid organs for a variety of different markers and stainings. Our newly developed software tool "AQUISTO", applied as a standard in primary data analysis, facilitates efficient large scale evaluation of cellular populations in various types of histological samples. Thereby it contributes to the characterization and understanding of (patho-) physiological processes.
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Jourde-Chiche N, Fakhouri F, Dou L, Bellien J, Burtey S, Frimat M, Jarrot PA, Kaplanski G, Le Quintrec M, Pernin V, Rigothier C, Sallée M, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Guerrot D, Roumenina LT. Endothelium structure and function in kidney health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019. [PMID: 30607032 DOI: 10.1038/s4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The kidney harbours different types of endothelia, each with specific structural and functional characteristics. The glomerular endothelium, which is highly fenestrated and covered by a rich glycocalyx, participates in the sieving properties of the glomerular filtration barrier and in the maintenance of podocyte structure. The microvascular endothelium in peritubular capillaries, which is also fenestrated, transports reabsorbed components and participates in epithelial cell function. The endothelium of large and small vessels supports the renal vasculature. These renal endothelia are protected by regulators of thrombosis, inflammation and complement, but endothelial injury (for example, induced by toxins, antibodies, immune cells or inflammatory cytokines) or defects in factors that provide endothelial protection (for example, regulators of complement or angiogenesis) can lead to acute or chronic renal injury. Moreover, renal endothelial cells can transition towards a mesenchymal phenotype, favouring renal fibrosis and the development of chronic kidney disease. Thus, the renal endothelium is both a target and a driver of kidney and systemic cardiovascular complications. Emerging therapeutic strategies that target the renal endothelium may lead to improved outcomes for both rare and common renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemie Jourde-Chiche
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre de Nephrologie et Transplantation Renale, AP-HM Hopital de la Conception, Marseille, France.
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Faculte de Pharmacie, Marseille, France.
| | - Fadi Fakhouri
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, INSERM, Université de Nantes and Department of Nephrology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laetitia Dou
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Faculte de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Jeremy Bellien
- Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital and INSERM, Normandy University, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre de Nephrologie et Transplantation Renale, AP-HM Hopital de la Conception, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Faculte de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Marie Frimat
- Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, U995, Lille Inflammation Research International Center (LIRIC), Lille, France
- Nephrology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre-André Jarrot
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Faculte de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital de La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Kaplanski
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Faculte de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital de La Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Moglie Le Quintrec
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lapeyronie, Département de Néphrologie Dialyse et Transplantation Rénale, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Pernin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lapeyronie, Département de Néphrologie Dialyse et Transplantation Rénale, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Rigothier
- Tissue Bioengineering, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Service de Néphrologie Transplantation, Dialyse et Aphérèse, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Sallée
- Aix-Marseille University, Centre de Nephrologie et Transplantation Renale, AP-HM Hopital de la Conception, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille University, C2VN, INSERM 1263, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) 1260, Faculte de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Guerrot
- Normandie Université, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Rouen, France
| | - Lubka T Roumenina
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Békássy ZD, Kristoffersson AC, Rebetz J, Tati R, Olin AI, Karpman D. Aliskiren inhibits renin-mediated complement activation. Kidney Int 2018; 94:689-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ruhnke L, Sradnick J, Al-Mekhlafi M, Gerlach M, Gembardt F, Hohenstein B, Todorov VT, Hugo C. Progenitor Renin Lineage Cells are not involved in the regeneration of glomerular endothelial cells during experimental renal thrombotic microangiopathy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196752. [PMID: 29771991 PMCID: PMC5957372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) frequently undergo primary or secondary injury during kidney disease such as thrombotic microangiopathy or glomerulonephritis. Renin Lineage Cells (RLCs) serve as a progenitor cell niche after glomerular damage in the adult kidney. However, it is not clear whether RLCs also contribute to endothelial replenishment in the glomerulus following endothelial injury. Therefore, we investigated the role of RLCs as a potential progenitor niche for glomerular endothelial regeneration. We used an inducible tet-on triple-transgenic reporter strain mRen-rtTAm2/LC1/LacZ to pulse-label the renin-producing RLCs in adult mice. Unilateral kidney EC damage (EC model) was induced by renal artery perfusion with concanavalin/anti-concanavalin. In this model glomerular EC injury and depletion developed within 1 day while regeneration occurred after 7 days. LacZ-labelled RLCs were restricted to the juxtaglomerular compartment of the afferent arterioles at baseline conditions. In contrast, during the regenerative phase of the EC model (day 7) a subset of LacZ-tagged RLCs migrated to the glomerular tuft. Intraglomerular RLCs did not express renin anymore and did not stain for glomerular endothelial or podocyte cell markers, but for the mesangial cell markers α8-integrin and PDGFRβ. Accordingly, we found pronounced mesangial cell damage parallel to the endothelial injury induced by the EC model. These results demonstrated that in our EC model RLCs are not involved in endothelial regeneration. Rather, recruitment of RLCs seems to be specific for the repair of the concomitantly damaged mesangium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Ruhnke
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Sradnick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moath Al-Mekhlafi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gerlach
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Gembardt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Hohenstein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir T. Todorov
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail: (CH); (VTT)
| | - Christian Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail: (CH); (VTT)
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COX-2-derived PGE 2 triggers hyperplastic renin expression and hyperreninemia in aldosterone synthase-deficient mice. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1127-1137. [PMID: 29455241 PMCID: PMC6013527 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibition or genetic loss of function defects of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) causes compensatory renin cell hyperplasia and hyperreninemia. The triggers for the compensatory stimulation of renin synthesis and secretion in this situation may be multimodal. Since cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the macula densa is frequently increased in states of a defective RAAS, we have investigated a potential role of COX-2 and its derived prostaglandins for renin expression and secretion in aldosterone synthase-deficient mice (AS−/−) as a model for a genetic defect of the RAAS. In comparison with wild-type mice (WT), AS−/− mice had 9-fold and 30-fold increases of renin mRNA and of plasma renin concentrations (PRC), respectively. Renin immunoreactivity in the kidney cortex of AS−/− mice was 10-fold higher than in WT. Macula densa COX-2 expression was 5-fold increased in AS−/− kidneys relative to WT kidneys. Treatment of AS−/− mice with the COX-2 inhibitor SC-236 for 1 week lowered both renal renin mRNA and PRC by 70%. Hyperplastic renin cells in AS−/− kidneys were found to express the prostaglandin E2 receptors EP2 and EP4. Global deletion of EP2 receptors did not alter renin mRNA nor PRC values in AS−/− mice. Renin cell-specific inducible deletion of the EP4 receptor lowered renin mRNA and PRC by 25% in AS−/− mice. Renin cell-specific inducible deletion of the EP4 receptor in combination with global deletion of the EP2 receptor lowered renin mRNA and PRC by 70–75% in AS−/− mice. Lineage tracing of renin-expressing cells revealed that deletion of EP2 and EP4 leads to a preferential downregulation of perivascular renin expression. Our findings suggest that increased macula densa COX-2 activity in AS−/− mice triggers perivascular renin expression and secretion via prostaglandin E2.
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