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Wang Y, Lilienfeldt N, Hekimi S. Understanding coenzyme Q. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1533-1610. [PMID: 38722242 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00040.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone, comprises a benzoquinone head group and a long isoprenoid side chain. It is thus extremely hydrophobic and resides in membranes. It is best known for its complex function as an electron transporter in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) but is also required for several other crucial cellular processes. In fact, CoQ appears to be central to the entire redox balance of the cell. Remarkably, its structure and therefore its properties have not changed from bacteria to vertebrates. In metazoans, it is synthesized in all cells and is found in most, and maybe all, biological membranes. CoQ is also known as a nutritional supplement, mostly because of its involvement with antioxidant defenses. However, whether there is any health benefit from oral consumption of CoQ is not well established. Here we review the function of CoQ as a redox-active molecule in the ETC and other enzymatic systems, its role as a prooxidant in reactive oxygen species generation, and its separate involvement in antioxidant mechanisms. We also review CoQ biosynthesis, which is particularly complex because of its extreme hydrophobicity, as well as the biological consequences of primary and secondary CoQ deficiency, including in human patients. Primary CoQ deficiency is a rare inborn condition due to mutation in CoQ biosynthetic genes. Secondary CoQ deficiency is much more common, as it accompanies a variety of pathological conditions, including mitochondrial disorders as well as aging. In this context, we discuss the importance, but also the great difficulty, of alleviating CoQ deficiency by CoQ supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noah Lilienfeldt
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Siegfried Hekimi
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Feng Y, Zheng H, Yin C, Liang D, Zhang S, Chen J, Mai F, Lan Z, Zhu M, Mai Z, Shen S, Jayawardana T, Wu R, Tang W, Zhang R, He X, Zheng S, Hu Q, Han Y, Yang Y, Gong S, Wang Z, El-Omar EM, Luo W, Chen X, Chen G, Li P, Chen X. β-resorcylic acid released by Limosilactobacillus reuteri protects against cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity and infertility. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101678. [PMID: 39096912 PMCID: PMC11384965 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (CIPOI) triggers gonadotoxicity in women undergoing cancer treatment, leading to loss of ovarian reserves and subfertility, with no effective therapies available. In our study, fecal microbiota transplantation in a cisplatin-induced POI mouse model reveals that a dysbiotic gut microbiome negatively impacts ovarian health in CIPOI. Multi-omics analyses show a significant decrease in Limosilactobacillus reuteri and its catabolite, β-resorcylic acid , in the CIPOI group in comparison to healthy controls. Supplementation with L. reuteri or β-RA mitigates cisplatin-induced hormonal disruptions, morphological damages, and reductions in follicular reserve. Most importantly, β-RA pre-treatment effectively preserves oocyte function, embryonic development, and fetus health, thereby protecting against chemotherapy-induced subfertility. Our results provide evidence that β-RA suppresses the nuclear accumulation of sex-determining region Y-box 7, which in turn reduces Bcl-2-associated X activation and inhibits granulosa cell apoptosis. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut-ovary axis for fertility preservation in CIPOI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Feng
- Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunhua Yin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siyou Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingrui Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feihong Mai
- Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zixin Lan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Menglin Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhensheng Mai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sj Shen
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thisun Jayawardana
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rong Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Tang
- Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Renfang Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- Health Medical Center, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yubin Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Shenhai Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- Institute of Ecological Science, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Emad M El-Omar
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueqin Chen
- Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Pan Li
- UNSW Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Xia Chen
- Central Laboratory of the Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China.
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3
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Schneider R, Mansour B, Kolvenbach CM, Buerger F, Salmanullah D, Lemberg K, Merz LM, Mertens ND, Saida K, Yousef K, Franken GAC, Bao A, Yu S, Hölzel S, Nicolas-Frank C, Steinsapir A, Goncalves KA, Shril S, Hildebrandt F. Phenotypic quantification of Nphs1-deficient mice. J Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s40620-024-01987-8. [PMID: 39003671 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-01987-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is the second most frequent cause of chronic kidney disease in children and young adults. The most severe form of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome is congenital nephrotic syndrome Finnish type (CNSF), caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in NPHS1, encoding nephrin. Since each of the 68 monogenic causes of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome represents a rare cause of the disease, tailoring therapeutic interventions to multiple molecular targets remains challenging, suggesting gene replacement therapy (GRT) as a viable alternative. To set the ground for a gene replacement study in vivo, we established rigorous, quantifiable, and reproducible phenotypic assessment of a conditional Nphs1 knockout mouse model. METHODS By breeding a floxed Nphs1fl/- mouse (Nphs1tm1Afrn/J) previously studied for pancreatic β-cell survival with a podocin promoter-driven Cre recombinase mouse model (Tg(NPHS2-Cre)295Lbh/J), we generated mice with podocyte-specific nephrin deficiency (Nphs1fl/fl NPHS2-Cre +). RESULTS We observed a median survival to postnatal day P5 in nephrin-deficient mice, whereas heterozygous control mice and wild type (WT) control group showed 90% and 100% survival, respectively (at P50 days). Light microscopy analysis showed a significantly higher number of renal-tubular microcysts per kidney section in nephrin-deficient mice compared to the control groups (P < 0.0022). Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated reduced foot process (FP) density in nephrin-deficient mice compared to controls (P < 0.0001). Additionally, proteinuria quantitation using urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was significantly higher in nephrin-deficient mice compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the first comprehensive description of the kidney phenotype in a nephrin-deficient mouse model, laying the foundation for future gene replacement therapy endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Schneider
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Bshara Mansour
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Caroline M Kolvenbach
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Florian Buerger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Daanya Salmanullah
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Katharina Lemberg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Lea M Merz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nils D Mertens
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Ken Saida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Kirollos Yousef
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Gijs A C Franken
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Aaron Bao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Seyoung Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Selina Hölzel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Camille Nicolas-Frank
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Andrew Steinsapir
- Deerfield Discovery and Development, Deerfield Management Company, L.P. (Series C), New York, USA
| | - Kevin A Goncalves
- Deerfield Discovery and Development, Deerfield Management Company, L.P. (Series C), New York, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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4
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Fabra MA, Paredes-Fuentes AJ, Torralba Carnerero M, Moreno Férnandez de Ayala DJ, Arroyo Luque A, Sánchez Cuesta A, Staiano C, Sanchez-Pintos P, Luz Couce M, Tomás M, Marco-Hernández AV, Orellana C, Martínez F, Roselló M, Caro A, Oltra Soler JS, Monfort S, Sánchez A, Rausell D, Vitoria I, Del Toro M, Garcia-Cazorla A, Julia-Palacios NA, Jou C, Yubero D, López LC, Hernández Camacho JD, López Lluch G, Ballesteros Simarro M, Rodríguez Aguilera JC, Calvo GB, Cascajo Almenara MV, Artuch R, Santos-Ocaña C. New variants expand the neurological phenotype of COQ7 deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38973597 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The protein encoded by COQ7 is required for CoQ10 synthesis in humans, hydroxylating 3-demethoxyubiquinol (DMQ10) in the second to last steps of the pathway. COQ7 mutations lead to a primary CoQ10 deficiency syndrome associated with a pleiotropic neurological disorder. This study shows the clinical, physiological, and molecular characterization of four new cases of CoQ10 primary deficiency caused by five mutations in COQ7, three of which have not yet been described, inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in all patients. However, the specific combination of the identified variants in each patient generated precise pathophysiological and molecular alterations in fibroblasts, which would explain the differential in vitro response to supplementation therapy. Our results suggest that COQ7 dysfunction could be caused by specific structural changes that affect the interaction with COQ9 required for the DMQ10 presentation to COQ7, the substrate access to the active site, and the maintenance of the active site structure. Remarkably, patients' fibroblasts share transcriptional remodeling, supporting a modification of energy metabolism towards glycolysis, which could be an adaptive mechanism against CoQ10 deficiency. However, transcriptional analysis of mitochondria-associated pathways showed distinct and dramatic differences between patient fibroblasts, which correlated with the extent of pathophysiological and neurological alterations observed in the probands. Overall, this study suggests that the combination of precise genetic diagnostics and the availability of new structural models of human proteins could help explain the origin of phenotypic pleiotropy observed in some genetic diseases and the different responses to available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alcázar Fabra
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Abraham J Paredes-Fuentes
- Hospital San Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad U703 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Torralba Carnerero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel J Moreno Férnandez de Ayala
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo Luque
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez Cuesta
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmine Staiano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Sanchez-Pintos
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Congénitas, Hospital de Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, CIBERER, MetabERN, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GCV14/ER/5 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Luz Couce
- Unidad de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Metabólicas Congénitas, Hospital de Santiago de Compostela, IDIS, CIBERER, MetabERN, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- GCV14/ER/5 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Tomás
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Servicio de Neuropediatría, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Orellana
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad de Genética, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Martínez
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad de Genética, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Roselló
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad de Genética, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Caro
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad de Genética, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Monfort
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad de Genética, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad de Genética, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Rausell
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Valencia, Spain
| | - Isidro Vitoria
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Unidad de Metabolopatías, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mireia Del Toro
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, CIBERER, MetabERN, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels Garcia-Cazorla
- Hospital San Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad U703 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia A Julia-Palacios
- Hospital San Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad U703 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Jou
- Hospital San Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad U703 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delia Yubero
- Hospital San Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad U703 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Diego Hernández Camacho
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Guillermo López Lluch
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ballesteros Simarro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez Aguilera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea Calvo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Victoria Cascajo Almenara
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Hospital San Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Unidad U703 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, CABD, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad U729 CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
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5
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Corral-Sarasa J, Martínez-Gálvez JM, González-García P, Wendling O, Jiménez-Sánchez L, López-Herrador S, Quinzii CM, Díaz-Casado ME, López LC. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid rescues multisystemic disease and perinatal lethality in a mouse model of mitochondrial disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114148. [PMID: 38697100 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency syndrome is conventionally treated with limited efficacy using exogenous CoQ10. Poor outcomes result from low absorption and bioavailability of CoQ10 and the clinical heterogenicity of the disease. Here, we demonstrate that supplementation with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB), the precursor of the benzoquinone ring in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, completely rescues multisystemic disease and perinatal lethality in a mouse model of CoQ deficiency. 4HB stimulates endogenous CoQ biosynthesis in tissues of Coq2 mutant mice, normalizing mitochondrial function and rescuing cardiac insufficiency, edema, and neurodevelopmental delay. In contrast, exogenous CoQ10 supplementation falls short in fully restoring the phenotype. The treatment is translatable to human use, as proven by in vitro studies in skin fibroblasts from patients with pathogenic variants in COQ2. The therapeutic approach extends to other disorders characterized by deficiencies in the production of 4HB and early steps of CoQ biosynthesis and instances of secondary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Corral-Sarasa
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Martínez-Gálvez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Biofisika Institute (CSIC, UBV-EHU) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Pilar González-García
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Olivia Wendling
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, CELPHEDIA, PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), 1 rue Laurent Fries, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | | | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C López
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), 18016 Granada, Spain.
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6
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Li Y, Xu C, Zhao F, Liu Q, Qiu X, Li M, Yang Y, Yu S, Tong H, Zhang L, Chen B, Qu L, Yu Z. Podocyte-specific Nup160 knockout mice develop nephrotic syndrome and glomerulosclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:667-676. [PMID: 38224683 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
More than 60 monogenic genes mutated in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) have been identified. Our previous study found that mutations in nucleoporin 160 kD (NUP160) are implicated in SRNS. The NUP160 gene encodes a component of the nuclear pore complex. Recently, two siblings with homozygous NUP160 mutations presented with SRNS and a nervous system disorder. However, replication of nephrotic syndrome (NS)-associated phenotypes in a mammalian model following loss of Nup160 is needed to prove that NUP160 mutations cause SRNS. Here, we generated a podocyte-specific Nup160 knockout (Nup160podKO) mouse model using CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/loxP technologies. We investigated NS-associated phenotypes in these Nup160podKO mice. We verified efficient abrogation of Nup160 in Nup160podKO mice at both the DNA and protein levels. We showed that Nup160podKO mice develop typical signs of NS. Nup160podKO mice exhibited progression of proteinuria to average albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) levels of 15.06 ± 2.71 mg/mg at 26 weeks, and had lower serum albumin levels of 13.13 ± 1.34 g/l at 30 weeks. Littermate control mice had urinary ACR mean values of 0.03 mg/mg and serum albumin values of 22.89 ± 0.34 g/l at the corresponding ages. Further, Nup160podKO mice exhibited glomerulosclerosis compared with littermate control mice. Podocyte-specific Nup160 knockout in mice led to NS and glomerulosclerosis. Thus, our findings strongly support that mutations in NUP160 cause SRNS. The newly generated Nup160podKO mice are a reliable mammalian model for future study of the pathogenesis of NUP160-associated SRNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966 Heng Yu Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
| | - Chan Xu
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966 Heng Yu Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 Xi Er Huan Bei Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966 Heng Yu Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 Xi Er Huan Bei Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Xiaojian Qiu
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966 Heng Yu Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathology, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 Xi Er Huan Bei Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Yonghui Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966 Heng Yu Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Shentong Yu
- Department of Pathology, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 Xi Er Huan Bei Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Huajuan Tong
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966 Heng Yu Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 Xi Er Huan Bei Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Bing Chen
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966 Heng Yu Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
| | - Lijuan Qu
- Department of Pathology, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, 156 Xi Er Huan Bei Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, China
| | - Zihua Yu
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology and Immunology, Fujian Children's Hospital, 966 Heng Yu Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350014, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Women and Children's Critical Diseases Research, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, China
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7
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Li Y, Fan J, Zhu W, Niu Y, Wu M, Zhang A. Therapeutic Potential Targeting Podocyte Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 9:254-264. [PMID: 37900001 PMCID: PMC10601935 DOI: 10.1159/000530344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Podocytes are essential components of the glomerular filtration barrier and essential for the proper filtration function of the glomerulus. Podocyte injury under various stress conditions is the primary pathogenesis and key determinant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with prominent clinical manifestations of proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome. Summary Under physiological conditions, a highly coordinated mitochondrial quality control system, including antioxidant defenses, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion, fission, and mitophagy), and mitochondrial biogenesis, guarantees the sophisticated structure and various functions of podocytes. However, under FSGS pathological conditions, mitochondria encounter oxidative stress, dynamics disturbances, and defective mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, mutations in mitochondrial DNA and mitochondria-related genes are also strongly associated with FSGS. Based on these pieces of evidence, bioactive agents that function to relieve mitochondrial oxidative stress and promote mitochondrial biogenesis have been proven effective in preclinical FSGS models. Targeting the mitochondrial network is expected to provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of FSGS and delay its progression to end-stage renal disease. Key Messages Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key role in podocyte injury and FSGS progression. This review summarized recent advances in the study of mitochondrial homeostatic imbalance and dysfunction in FSGS and discussed the potential of mitochondria-targeted therapeutics in improving FSGS and retarding its progression to end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaojiao Fan
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenping Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujia Niu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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8
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Staiano C, García-Corzo L, Mantle D, Turton N, Millichap LE, Brea-Calvo G, Hargreaves I. Biosynthesis, Deficiency, and Supplementation of Coenzyme Q. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1469. [PMID: 37508007 PMCID: PMC10375973 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Originally identified as a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, Coenzyme Q (CoQ or CoQ10 for human tissues) has recently been revealed to be essential for many different redox processes, not only in the mitochondria, but elsewhere within other cellular membrane types. Cells rely on endogenous CoQ biosynthesis, and defects in this still-not-completely understood pathway result in primary CoQ deficiencies, a group of conditions biochemically characterised by decreased tissue CoQ levels, which in turn are linked to functional defects. Secondary CoQ deficiencies may result from a wide variety of cellular dysfunctions not directly linked to primary synthesis. In this article, we review the current knowledge on CoQ biosynthesis, the defects leading to diminished CoQ10 levels in human tissues and their associated clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Staiano
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura García-Corzo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Nadia Turton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Lauren E Millichap
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UX, UK
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9
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Saiki R, Katayama K, Dohi K. Recent Advances in Proteinuric Kidney Disease/Nephrotic Syndrome: Lessons from Knockout/Transgenic Mouse Models. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1803. [PMID: 37509442 PMCID: PMC10376620 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria is known to be associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, and nephrotic syndrome is defined by the level of proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. With advances in medicine, new causative genes for genetic kidney diseases are being discovered increasingly frequently. We reviewed articles on proteinuria/nephrotic syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease/nephropathy, hypertension/nephrosclerosis, Alport syndrome, and rare diseases, which have been studied in mouse models. Significant progress has been made in understanding the genetics and pathophysiology of kidney diseases thanks to advances in science, but research in this area is ongoing. In the future, genetic analyses of patients with proteinuric kidney disease/nephrotic syndrome may ultimately lead to personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Saiki
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kan Katayama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kaoru Dohi
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
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10
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Wang J, Xiao S, Cai Q, Miao J, Li J. Antioxidant Capacity and Protective Effects on H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage in PC12 Cells of the Active Fraction of Brassica rapa L. Foods 2023; 12:2075. [PMID: 37238893 PMCID: PMC10217163 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica rapa L. (BR), a traditional biennial herb belonging to the Brassica species of Brassicaceae, has been widely used for functions of anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidation, antiaging, and regulation of immunity. In this study, antioxidant activity and protective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells of the active fractions of BR were investigated in vitro. Among all active fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract from BR (BREE-Ea) showed the strongest antioxidant activity. Additionally, it was noted that BREE-Ea and n-butyl alcohol fraction of ethanol extract from BR (BREE-Ba) both have protective effects in oxidatively damaged PC12 cells, while BREE-Ea displayed the best protective effect in all determined experimental doses. Furthermore, flow cytometry (DCFH-DA staining) analysis indicated that BREE-Ea could reduce the H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increasing enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Moreover, BREE-Ea could decrease the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduce the release of extracellular lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) from H2O2-induced PC12 cells. All these results demonstrate that BREE-Ea has a good antioxidant capacity and protective effect on PC12 cells against apoptosis induced by H2O2 and that it can be used as a good edible antioxidant to improve the body's endogenous antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.); (S.X.); (Q.C.)
| | - Shuang Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.); (S.X.); (Q.C.)
| | - Qi Cai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.); (S.X.); (Q.C.)
| | - Jing Miao
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Jinyao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China; (J.W.); (S.X.); (Q.C.)
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830000, China
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11
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Neuroimaging in Primary Coenzyme-Q10-Deficiency Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030718. [PMID: 36978966 PMCID: PMC10045115 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an endogenously synthesized lipid molecule. It is best known for its role as a cofactor within the mitochondrial respiratory chain where it functions in electron transfer and ATP synthesis. However, there are many other cellular pathways that also depend on the CoQ10 supply (redox homeostasis, ferroptosis and sulfide oxidation). The CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway consists of several enzymes, which are encoded by the nuclear DNA. The majority of these enzymes are responsible for modifications of the CoQ-head group (benzoquinone ring). Only three enzymes (PDSS1, PDSS2 and COQ2) are required for assembly and attachment of the polyisoprenoid side chain. The head-modifying enzymes may assemble into resolvable domains, representing COQ complexes. During the last two decades, numerous inborn errors in CoQ10 biosynthesis enzymes have been identified. Thus far, 11 disease genes are known (PDSS1, PDSS2, COQ2, COQ4, COQ5, COQ6, COQ7, COQ8A, COQ8B, COQ9 and HPDL). Disease onset is highly variable and ranges from the neonatal period to late adulthood. CoQ10 deficiency exerts detrimental effects on the nervous system. Potential consequences are neuronal death, neuroinflammation and cerebral gliosis. Clinical features include encephalopathy, regression, movement disorders, epilepsy and intellectual disability. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most important tool for diagnostic evaluation of neurological damage in individuals with CoQ10 deficiency. However, due to the rarity of the different gene defects, information on disease manifestations within the central nervous system is scarce. This review aims to provide an overview of brain MRI patterns observed in primary CoQ10 biosynthesis disorders and to highlight disease-specific findings.
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12
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Banerjee R, Purhonen J, Kallijärvi J. The mitochondrial coenzyme Q junction and complex III: biochemistry and pathophysiology. FEBS J 2022; 289:6936-6958. [PMID: 34428349 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone) is the electron-carrying lipid in the mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS). In mammals, it serves as the electron acceptor for nine mitochondrial inner membrane dehydrogenases. These include the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I, CI) and succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII) but also several others that are often omitted in the context of respiratory enzymes: dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, choline dehydrogenase, electron-transferring flavoprotein dehydrogenase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, proline dehydrogenases 1 and 2, and sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase. The metabolic pathways these enzymes are involved in range from amino acid and fatty acid oxidation to nucleotide biosynthesis, methylation, and hydrogen sulfide detoxification, among many others. The CoQ-linked metabolism depends on CoQ reoxidation by the mitochondrial complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex, CIII). However, the literature is surprisingly limited as for the role of the CoQ-linked metabolism in the pathogenesis of human diseases of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in which the CoQ homeostasis is directly or indirectly affected. In this review, we give an introduction to CIII function, and an overview of the pathological consequences of CIII dysfunction in humans and mice and of the CoQ-dependent metabolic processes potentially affected in these pathological states. Finally, we discuss some experimental tools to dissect the various aspects of compromised CoQ oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi Banerjee
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne Purhonen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Wang Y, Hekimi S. The efficacy of coenzyme Q 10 treatment in alleviating the symptoms of primary coenzyme Q 10 deficiency: A systematic review. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:4635-4644. [PMID: 35985679 PMCID: PMC9443948 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) is necessary for mitochondrial electron transport. Mutations in CoQ10 biosynthetic genes cause primary CoQ10 deficiency (PCoQD) and manifest as mitochondrial disorders. It is often stated that PCoQD patients can be treated by oral CoQ10 supplementation. To test this, we compiled all studies describing PCoQD patients up to May 2022. We excluded studies with no data on CoQ10 treatment, or with insufficient description of effectiveness. Out of 303 PCoQD patients identified, we retained 89 cases, of which 24 reported improvements after CoQ10 treatment (27.0%). In five cases, the patient's condition was reported to deteriorate after halting of CoQ10 treatment. 12 cases reported improvement in the severity of ataxia and 5 cases in the severity of proteinuria. Only a subjective description of improvement was reported for 4 patients described as responding. All reported responses were partial improvements of only some symptoms. For PCoQD patients, CoQ10 supplementation is replacement therapy. Yet, there is only very weak evidence for the efficacy of the treatment. Our findings, thus, suggest a need for caution when seeking to justify the widespread use of CoQ10 for the treatment of any disease or as dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of BiologyMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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14
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González-García P, Díaz-Casado ME, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, Jiménez-Sánchez L, Bakkali M, Barriocanal-Casado E, Escames G, Chiozzi RZ, Völlmy F, Zaal EA, Berkers CR, Heck AJR, López LC. The Q-junction and the inflammatory response are critical pathological and therapeutic factors in CoQ deficiency. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102403. [PMID: 35863266 PMCID: PMC9301574 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in Coenzyme Q (CoQ) metabolism have been associated with primary mitochondrial disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic conditions. The consequences of CoQ deficiency have not been fully addressed, and effective treatment remains challenging. Here, we use mice with primary CoQ deficiency (Coq9R239X), and we demonstrate that CoQ deficiency profoundly alters the Q-junction, leading to extensive changes in the mitochondrial proteome and metabolism in the kidneys and, to a lesser extent, in the brain. CoQ deficiency also induces reactive gliosis, which mediates a neuroinflammatory response, both of which lead to an encephalopathic phenotype. Importantly, treatment with either vanillic acid (VA) or β-resorcylic acid (β-RA), two analogs of the natural precursor for CoQ biosynthesis, partially restores CoQ metabolism, particularly in the kidneys, and induces profound normalization of the mitochondrial proteome and metabolism, ultimately leading to reductions in gliosis, neuroinflammation and spongiosis and, consequently, reversing the phenotype. Together, these results provide key mechanistic insights into defects in CoQ metabolism and identify potential disease biomarkers. Furthermore, our findings clearly indicate that the use of analogs of the CoQ biosynthetic precursor is a promising alternative therapy for primary CoQ deficiency and has potential for use in the treatment of more common neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases that are associated with secondary CoQ deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Mohammed Bakkali
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Germaine Escames
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Riccardo Zenezini Chiozzi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Franziska Völlmy
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther A Zaal
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Celia R Berkers
- Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Division of Cell Biology, Metabolism & Cancer, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J R Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584CH, Utrecht, Netherlands; Netherlands Proteomics Centre, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Luis C López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18016, Granada, Spain.
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15
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A novel COQ7 mutation causing primarily neuromuscular pathology and its treatment options. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2022; 31:100877. [PMID: 35782625 PMCID: PMC9248208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is necessary as electron transporter in mitochondrial respiration and other cellular functions. CoQ10 is synthesized by all cells and defects in the synthesis pathway result in primary CoQ10 deficiency that frequently leads to severe mitochondrial disease syndrome. CoQ10 is exceedingly hydrophobic, insoluble, and poorly bioavailable, with the result that dietary CoQ10 supplementation produces no or only minimal relief for patients. We studied a patient from Turkey and identified and characterized a new mutation in the CoQ10 biosynthetic gene COQ7 (c.161G > A; p.Arg54Gln). We find that unexpected neuromuscular pathology can accompany CoQ10 deficiency caused by a COQ7 mutation. We also show that by-passing the need for COQ7 by providing the unnatural precursor 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, as has been proposed, is unlikely to be an effective and safe therapeutic option. In contrast, we show for the first time in human patient cells that the respiratory defect resulting from CoQ10 deficiency is rescued by providing CoQ10 formulated with caspofungin (CF/CoQ). Caspofungin is a clinically approved intravenous fungicide whose surfactant properties lead to CoQ10 micellization, complete water solubilization, and efficient uptake by cells and organs in animal studies. These findings reinforce the possibility of using CF/CoQ in the clinical treatment of CoQ10-deficient patients.
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16
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Xiao M, Bohnert BN, Grahammer F, Artunc F. Rodent models to study sodium retention in experimental nephrotic syndrome. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 235:e13844. [PMID: 35569011 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium retention and edema are hallmarks of nephrotic syndrome (NS). Different experimental rodent models have been established for simulating NS, however, not all of them feature sodium retention which requires proteinuria to exceed a certain threshold. In rats, puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (PAN) is a classic NS model introduced in 1955 that was adopted as doxorubicin-induced nephropathy (DIN) in 129S1/SvImJ mice. In recent years, mice with inducible podocin deletion (Nphs2Δipod ) or podocyte apoptosis (POD-ATTAC) have been developed. In these models, sodium retention is thought to be caused by activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the distal nephron through aberrantly filtered serine proteases or proteasuria. Strikingly, rodent NS models follow an identical chronological time course after the development of proteinuria featuring sodium retention within days and spontaneous reversal thereafter. In DIN and Nphs2Δipod mice, inhibition of ENaC by amiloride or urinary serine protease activity by aprotinin prevents sodium retention, opening up new and promising therapeutic approaches that could be translated into the treatment of nephrotic patients. However, the essential serine protease(s) responsible for ENaC activation is (are) still unknown. With the use of nephrotic rodent models, there is the possibility that this (these) will be identified in the future. This review summarizes the various rodent models used to study experimental nephrotic syndrome and the insights gained from these models with regard to the pathophysiology of sodium retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Xiao
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Bernhard N. Bohnert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- III. Department of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf Hamburg Germany
| | - Ferruh Artunc
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) at the University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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17
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Mechanisms and Therapeutic Effects of Benzoquinone Ring Analogs in Primary CoQ Deficiencies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040665. [PMID: 35453349 PMCID: PMC9029335 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a conserved polyprenylated lipid composed of a redox-active benzoquinone ring and a long polyisoprenyl tail that serves as a membrane anchor. CoQ biosynthesis involves multiple steps, including multiple modifications of the precursor ring 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Mutations in the enzymes involved in CoQ biosynthesis pathway result in primary coenzyme Q deficiencies, mitochondrial disorders whose clinical heterogenicity reflects the multiple biological function of CoQ. Patients with these disorders do not always respond to CoQ supplementation, and CoQ analogs have not been successful as alternative approaches. Progress made in understanding the CoQ biosynthesis pathway and studies of supplementation with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ring analogs have opened a new area in the field of primary CoQ deficiencies treatment. Here, we will review these studies, focusing on efficacy of the different 4-hydroxybenzoic acid ring analogs, models in which they have been tested, and their mechanisms of action. Understanding how these compounds ameliorate biochemical, molecular, and/or clinical phenotypes of CoQ deficiencies is important to develop the most rational treatment for CoQ deficient patients, depending on their molecular defects.
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18
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Liu S, Yuan Y, Xue Y, Xing C, Zhang B. Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Focus on Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:832887. [PMID: 35321238 PMCID: PMC8935076 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.832887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are a crucial cellular component in maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier, and their injury is the major determinant in the development of albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Podocytes are rich in mitochondria and heavily dependent on them for energy to maintain normal functions. Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver in the pathogenesis of podocyte injury in DKD. Impairment of mitochondrial function results in an energy crisis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the molecular mechanisms that cause mitochondrial damage and illustrate the impact of mitochondrial injury on podocytes. The related mitochondrial pathways involved in podocyte injury in DKD include mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress, and mitochondrial protein quality control. Furthermore, we discuss the role of mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) formation, which is intimately linked with mitochondrial function in podocytes. Finally, we examine the experimental evidence exploring the targeting of podocyte mitochondrial function for treating DKD and conclude with a discussion of potential directions for future research in the field of mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanggang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Xue
- Suzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Changying Xing
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Changying Xing, ; Bo Zhang,
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Pukou Branch of JiangSu Province Hospital (Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital), Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Changying Xing, ; Bo Zhang,
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19
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Primary coenzyme Q10 nephropathy, a potentially treatable form of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:3515-3527. [PMID: 33479824 PMCID: PMC8295399 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04914-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a genetically heterogeneous kidney disease that is the second most frequent cause of kidney failure in the first 2 decades of life. Despite the identification of mutations in more than 39 genes as causing SRNS, and the localization of its pathogenesis to glomerular podocytes, the disease mechanisms of SRNS remain poorly understood and no universally safe and effective therapy exists to treat patients with this condition. Recently, genetic research has identified a subgroup of SRNS patients whose kidney pathology is caused by primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency due to recessive mutations in genes that encode proteins in the CoQ10 biosynthesis pathway. Clinical and preclinical studies show that primary CoQ10 deficiency may be responsive to treatment with CoQ10 supplements bypassing the biosynthesis defects. Coenzyme Q10 is an essential component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, where it transports electrons from complexes I and II to complex III. Studies in yeast and mammalian model systems have recently identified the molecular functions of the individual CoQ10 biosynthesis complex proteins, validated these findings, and provided an impetus for developing therapeutic compounds to replenish CoQ10 levels in the tissues/organs and thus prevent the destruction of tissues due to mitochondrial OXPHOS deficiencies. In this review, we will summarize the clinical findings of the kidney pathophysiology of primary CoQ10 deficiencies and discuss recent advances in the development of therapies to counter CoQ10 deficiency in tissues.
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20
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González-García P, Barriocanal-Casado E, Díaz-Casado ME, López-Herrador S, Hidalgo-Gutiérrez A, López LC. Animal Models of Coenzyme Q Deficiency: Mechanistic and Translational Learnings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111687. [PMID: 34829558 PMCID: PMC8614664 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a vital lipophilic molecule that is endogenously synthesized in the mitochondria of each cell. The CoQ biosynthetic pathway is complex and not completely characterized, and it involves at least thirteen catalytic and regulatory proteins. Once it is synthesized, CoQ exerts a wide variety of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial functions thank to its redox capacity and its lipophilicity. Thus, low levels of CoQ cause diseases with heterogeneous clinical symptoms, which are not always understood. The decreased levels of CoQ may be primary caused by defects in the CoQ biosynthetic pathway or secondarily associated with other diseases. In both cases, the pathomechanisms are related to the CoQ functions, although further experimental evidence is required to establish this association. The conventional treatment for CoQ deficiencies is the high doses of oral CoQ10 supplementation, but this therapy is not effective for some specific clinical presentations, especially in those involving the nervous system. To better understand the CoQ biosynthetic pathway, the biological functions linked to CoQ and the pathomechanisms of CoQ deficiencies, and to improve the therapeutic outcomes of this syndrome, a variety of animal models have been generated and characterized in the last decade. In this review, we show all the animal models available, remarking on the most important outcomes that each model has provided. Finally, we also comment some gaps and future research directions related to CoQ metabolism and how the current and novel animal models may help in the development of future research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar González-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
| | - Eliana Barriocanal-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - María Elena Díaz-Casado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Herrador
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Agustín Hidalgo-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis C. López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain; (E.B.-C.); (M.E.D.-C.); (S.L.-H.); (A.H.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.G.-G.); (L.C.L.)
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21
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β-RA Targets Mitochondrial Metabolism and Adipogenesis, Leading to Therapeutic Benefits against CoQ Deficiency and Age-Related Overweight. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101457. [PMID: 34680574 PMCID: PMC8533582 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mitochondrial diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrial or nuclear genes, leading to the abnormal function of specific mitochondrial pathways. Mitochondrial dysfunction is also a secondary event in more common pathophysiological conditions, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. In both cases, the improvement and management of mitochondrial homeostasis remain challenging. Here, we show that beta-resorcylic acid (β-RA), which is a natural phenolic compound, competed in vivo with 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, which is the natural precursor of coenzyme Q biosynthesis. This led to a decrease in demethoxyubiquinone, which is an intermediate metabolite of CoQ biosynthesis that is abnormally accumulated in Coq9R239X mice. As a consequence, β-RA rescued the phenotype of Coq9R239X mice, which is a model of primary mitochondrial encephalopathy. Moreover, we observed that long-term treatment with β-RA also reduced the size and content of the white adipose tissue (WAT) that is normally accumulated during aging in wild-type mice, leading to the prevention of hepatic steatosis and an increase in survival at the elderly stage of life. The reduction in WAT content was due to a decrease in adipogenesis, an adaptation of the mitochondrial proteome in the kidneys, and stimulation of glycolysis and acetyl-CoA metabolism. Therefore, our results demonstrate that β-RA acted through different cellular mechanisms, with effects on mitochondrial metabolism; as such, it may be used for the treatment of primary coenzyme Q deficiency, overweight, and hepatic steatosis.
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22
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Daehn IS, Duffield JS. The glomerular filtration barrier: a structural target for novel kidney therapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:770-788. [PMID: 34262140 PMCID: PMC8278373 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Loss of normal kidney function affects more than 10% of the population and contributes to morbidity and mortality. Kidney diseases are currently treated with immunosuppressive agents, antihypertensives and diuretics with partial but limited success. Most kidney disease is characterized by breakdown of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Specialized podocyte cells maintain the GFB, and structure-function experiments and studies of intercellular communication between the podocytes and other GFB cells, combined with advances from genetics and genomics, have laid the groundwork for a new generation of therapies that directly intervene at the GFB. These include inhibitors of apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1), short transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT1; also known as soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1), roundabout homologue 2 (ROBO2), endothelin receptor A, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor (suPAR) and substrate intermediates for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). These molecular targets converge on two key components of GFB biology: mitochondrial function and the actin-myosin contractile machinery. This Review discusses therapies and developments focused on maintaining GFB integrity, and the emerging questions in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S Daehn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jeremy S Duffield
- Research and Development, Prime Medicine, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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23
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Navas P, Cascajo MV, Alcázar-Fabra M, Hernández-Camacho JD, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Rodríguez ABC, Ballesteros-Simarro M, Arroyo-Luque A, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Brea-Calvo G, López-Lluch G, Santos-Ocaña C. Secondary CoQ 10 deficiency, bioenergetics unbalance in disease and aging. Biofactors 2021; 47:551-569. [PMID: 33878238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) deficiency is a rare disease characterized by a decreased accumulation of CoQ10 in cell membranes. Considering that CoQ10 synthesis and most of its functions are carried out in mitochondria, CoQ10 deficiency cases are usually considered a mitochondrial disease. A relevant feature of CoQ10 deficiency is that it is the only mitochondrial disease with a successful therapy available, the CoQ10 supplementation. Defects in components of the synthesis machinery caused by mutations in COQ genes generate the primary deficiency of CoQ10 . Mutations in genes that are not directly related to the synthesis machinery cause secondary deficiency. Cases of CoQ10 deficiency without genetic origin are also considered a secondary deficiency. Both types of deficiency can lead to similar clinical manifestations, but the knowledge about primary deficiency is deeper than secondary. However, secondary deficiency cases may be underestimated since many of their clinical manifestations are shared with other pathologies. This review shows the current state of secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which could be even more relevant than primary deficiency for clinical activity. The analysis covers the fundamental features of CoQ10 deficiency, which are necessary to understand the biological and clinical differences between primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Further, a more in-depth analysis of CoQ10 secondary deficiency was undertaken to consider its origins, introduce a new way of classification, and include aging as a form of secondary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ballesteros-Simarro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo-Luque
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Bondue T, Arcolino FO, Veys KRP, Adebayo OC, Levtchenko E, van den Heuvel LP, Elmonem MA. Urine-Derived Epithelial Cells as Models for Genetic Kidney Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061413. [PMID: 34204173 PMCID: PMC8230018 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells exfoliated in human urine can include cells anywhere from the urinary tract and kidneys; however, podocytes and proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are by far the most relevant cell types for the study of genetic kidney diseases. When maintained in vitro, they have been proven extremely valuable for discovering disease mechanisms and for the development of new therapies. Furthermore, cultured patient cells can individually represent their human sources and their specific variants for personalized medicine studies, which are recently gaining much interest. In this review, we summarize the methodology for establishing human podocyte and PTEC cell lines from urine and highlight their importance as kidney disease cell models. We explore the well-established and recent techniques of cell isolation, quantification, immortalization and characterization, and we describe their current and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjessa Bondue
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
| | - Fanny O. Arcolino
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
| | - Koenraad R. P. Veys
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oyindamola C. Adebayo
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed A. Elmonem
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11628, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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25
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Watanabe M, Takahashi Y, Hiura K, Nakano K, Okamura T, Sasaki H, Sasaki N. A single amino acid substitution in PRKDC is a determinant of sensitivity to Adriamycin-induced renal injury in mouse. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 556:121-126. [PMID: 33839407 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy is frequently utilized in rodent models of podocytopathy. However, the application of this model in mice is limited to a few strains, such as BALB/c mice. The most commonly used mouse strain, C57BL/6 (B6), is resistant to ADR-induced nephropathy, as are all mouse strains with a B6 genetic background. Reportedly, the R2140C variant of the Prkdc gene is the cause of susceptibility to ADR-induced nephropathy in mice. To verify this hypothesis, we produced Prkdc mutant B6 mice, termed B6-PrkdcR2140C, that possess the R2140C mutation. After administration of ADR, B6-PrkdcR2140C mice exhibited massive proteinuria and glomerular and renal tubular injuries. In addition, there was no significant difference in the severity between B6-PrkdcR2140C and BALB/c. These findings demonstrated that B6-PrkdcR2140C show ADR-induced nephropathy susceptibility at a similar level to BALB/c, and that the PRKDC R2140C variant causes susceptibility to ADR-induced nephropathy. In future studies, ADR-induced nephropathy may become applicable to various kinds of genetically modified mice with a B6 background by mating with B6-PrkdcR2140C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Koki Hiura
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakano
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Section of Animal Models, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Section of Animal Models, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hayato Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Nobuya Sasaki
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, 034-8628, Japan.
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26
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Sidhom EH, Kim C, Kost-Alimova M, Ting MT, Keller K, Avila-Pacheco J, Watts AJ, Vernon KA, Marshall JL, Reyes-Bricio E, Racette M, Wieder N, Kleiner G, Grinkevich EJ, Chen F, Weins A, Clish CB, Shaw JL, Quinzii CM, Greka A. Targeting a Braf/Mapk pathway rescues podocyte lipid peroxidation in CoQ-deficiency kidney disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:141380. [PMID: 33444290 DOI: 10.1172/jci141380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting mitochondrial coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis lead to kidney failure due to selective loss of podocytes, essential cells of the kidney filter. Curiously, neighboring tubular epithelial cells are spared early in disease despite higher mitochondrial content. We sought to illuminate noncanonical, cell-specific roles for CoQ, independently of the electron transport chain (ETC). Here, we demonstrate that CoQ depletion caused by Pdss2 enzyme deficiency in podocytes results in perturbations in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism and the Braf/Mapk pathway rather than ETC dysfunction. Single-nucleus RNA-Seq from kidneys of Pdss2kd/kd mice with nephrotic syndrome and global CoQ deficiency identified a podocyte-specific perturbation of the Braf/Mapk pathway. Treatment with GDC-0879, a Braf/Mapk-targeting compound, ameliorated kidney disease in Pdss2kd/kd mice. Mechanistic studies in Pdss2-depleted podocytes revealed a previously unknown perturbation in PUFA metabolism that was confirmed in vivo. Gpx4, an enzyme that protects against PUFA-mediated lipid peroxidation, was elevated in disease and restored after GDC-0879 treatment. We demonstrate broader human disease relevance by uncovering patterns of GPX4 and Braf/Mapk pathway gene expression in tissue from patients with kidney diseases. Our studies reveal ETC-independent roles for CoQ in podocytes and point to Braf/Mapk as a candidate pathway for the treatment of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriene-Heidi Sidhom
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Choah Kim
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - May Theng Ting
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Keith Keller
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Andrew Jb Watts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A Vernon
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamie L Marshall
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Matthew Racette
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicolas Wieder
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulio Kleiner
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Fei Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Astrid Weins
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jillian L Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anna Greka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Lassén E, Daehn IS. Molecular Mechanisms in Early Diabetic Kidney Disease: Glomerular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249456. [PMID: 33322614 PMCID: PMC7764016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), with prevalence increasing at an alarming rate worldwide and today, there are no known cures. The pathogenesis of DKD is complex, influenced by genetics and the environment. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that contribute to DKD risk in about one-third of diabetics are still poorly understood. The early stage of DKD is characterized by glomerular hyperfiltration, hypertrophy, podocyte injury and depletion. Recent evidence of glomerular endothelial cell injury at the early stage of DKD has been suggested to be critical in the pathological process and has highlighted the importance of glomerular intercellular crosstalk. A potential mechanism may include reactive oxygen species (ROS), which play a direct role in diabetes and its complications. In this review, we discuss different cellular sources of ROS in diabetes and a new emerging paradigm of endothelial cell dysfunction as a key event in the pathogenesis of DKD.
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28
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Schijvens AM, van de Kar NC, Bootsma-Robroeks CM, Cornelissen EA, van den Heuvel LP, Schreuder MF. Mitochondrial Disease and the Kidney With a Special Focus on CoQ 10 Deficiency. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:2146-2159. [PMID: 33305107 PMCID: PMC7710892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial cytopathies include a heterogeneous group of diseases that are characterized by impaired oxidative phosphorylation, leading to multi-organ involvement and progressive clinical deterioration. Most mitochondrial cytopathies that cause kidney symptoms are characterized by tubular defects, but glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and cystic diseases have also been described. Mitochondrial cytopathies can result from mitochondrial or nuclear DNA mutations. Early recognition of defects in the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis is important, as patients with primary CoQ10 deficiency may be responsive to treatment with oral CoQ10 supplementation, in contrast to most mitochondrial diseases. A literature search was conducted to investigate kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies and to identify mitochondrial and nuclear DNA mutations involved in mitochondrial kidney disease. Furthermore, we identified all reported cases to date with a CoQ10 deficiency with glomerular involvement, including 3 patients with variable renal phenotypes in our clinic. To date, 144 patients from 95 families with a primary CoQ10 deficiency and glomerular involvement have been described based on mutations in PDSS1, PDSS2, COQ2, COQ6, and COQ8B/ADCK4. This review provides an overview of kidney involvement in genetic mitochondrial cytopathies with a special focus on CoQ10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. Schijvens
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole C. van de Kar
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M. Bootsma-Robroeks
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth A. Cornelissen
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Development and Regeneration,University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michiel F. Schreuder
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children’s Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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29
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Pozdnyakov DI, Voronkov AV, Rukovitsyna VM. Chromon-3-aldehyde derivatives restore mitochondrial function in rat cerebral ischemia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1172-1183. [PMID: 32963739 PMCID: PMC7491499 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.46369.10710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This work aimed to assess the effect of 10 new chromon-3-aldehyde derivatives on changes of mitochondrial function under the conditions of brain ischemia in rats. Materials and Methods The work was executed on BALB/c male-mice (acute toxicity was evaluated) and male Wistar rats, which were used to model cerebral ischemia by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. The test-substances, 10 derivatives of chromon-3-aldehyde and the reference drug, N-acetylcysteine, were injected after modeling of ischemia for 3 days. After that, neurological symptoms, the area of cerebral infarction, and change in mitochondrial function were evaluated. Results It was established that use of all chromon-3-aldehyde derivatives contributed to the recovery of mitochondrial function, which was reflected in enhanced ATP-generating activity, maximum respiration level, respiratory capacity, as well as reduction in the intensity of anaerobic reactions, apoptosis, and normalization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. The most pronounced changes were noted with the use of 6-acetyl substituted chromon-3-aldehyde derivative, the administration of which decreased neurological symptoms and size of brain necrosis area. Conclusion The obtained data may indicate the most pronounced neurotropic effect in a number of test-objects has the 6-acetyl substituted derivative of chromon-3 aldehyde, realized by restoration of mitochondrial function, which may be the basis for further study of chromon-3-aldehyde derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Pozdnyakov
- Department of Pharmacology Pyatigorsk Medical Pharmaceutical Institute, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V Voronkov
- Department of Pharmacology Pyatigorsk Medical Pharmaceutical Institute, Pyatigorsk, Russia
| | - Viktoriya M Rukovitsyna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Pyatigorsk Medical Pharmaceutical Institute, Pyatigorsk, Russia
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30
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Maeoka Y, Doi T, Aizawa M, Miyasako K, Hirashio S, Masuda Y, Kishita Y, Okazaki Y, Murayama K, Imasawa T, Hara S, Masaki T. A case report of adult-onset COQ8B nephropathy presenting focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with granular swollen podocytes. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:376. [PMID: 32859164 PMCID: PMC7456044 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency of genetic origin is one of a few treatable focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Renal morphologic evidence for COQ8B mutation and CoQ10 deficiencies of other gene mutations is assessed using electron microscopy with marked increase of abnormal-shaped mitochondria in podocytes. However, light microscopic morphologic features of deficiencies other than FSGS have not been reported. Case presentation A 30-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because proteinuria was found during four consecutive medical checkups. She had no medical history or family history of proteinuria and severe renal dysfunction. The swollen podocytes were stained to the same extent as mitochondria-rich proximal tubular cells under both Masson’s trichrome and hematoxylin-eosin staining, whereas no mitochondrial abnormalities were detected under the first electron microscopic views. As proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) deteriorated after pregnancy, we reevaluated the additional electron microscopic views and detected mitochondrial abnormalities. Genetic testing revealed COQ8B mutation (c.532C > T, p.R178W); therefore, we diagnosed COQ8B nephropathy. CoQ10 supplementation improved proteinuria and stopped eGFR reduction. Conclusions This is the first report of granular swollen podocytes due to mitochondrial diseases detected under light microscopy. We propose that this finding can be the clue for the diagnosis of both COQ8B nephropathy and the other CoQ10 deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiro Maeoka
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Toshiki Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Masaho Aizawa
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kisho Miyasako
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shuma Hirashio
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yukinari Masuda
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kishita
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kei Murayama
- Center for Medical Genetics, Department of Metabolism, Chiba Children's Hospital, 579-1 Heta-cho, Midori-ku, Chiba, 266-0007, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Imasawa
- Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Chibahigashi National Hospital, 673 Nitona, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8712, Japan
| | - Shigeo Hara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, 2-1-1, Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe-city, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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31
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Widmeier E, Yu S, Nag A, Chung YW, Nakayama M, Fernández-Del-Río L, Hugo H, Schapiro D, Buerger F, Choi WI, Helmstädter M, Kim JW, Ryu JH, Lee MG, Clarke CF, Hildebrandt F, Gee HY. ADCK4 Deficiency Destabilizes the Coenzyme Q Complex, Which Is Rescued by 2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Treatment. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1191-1211. [PMID: 32381600 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019070756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in ADCK4 (aarF domain containing kinase 4) generally manifest as steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and induce coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome resulting from ADCK4 mutations are not well understood, largely because the function of ADCK4 remains unknown. METHODS To elucidate the ADCK4's function in podocytes, we generated a podocyte-specific, Adck4-knockout mouse model and a human podocyte cell line featuring knockout of ADCK4. These knockout mice and podocytes were then treated with 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,4-diHB), a CoQ10 precursor analogue, or with a vehicle only. We also performed proteomic mass spectrometry analysis to further elucidate ADCK4's function. RESULTS Absence of Adck4 in mouse podocytes caused FSGS and albuminuria, recapitulating features of nephrotic syndrome caused by ADCK4 mutations. In vitro studies revealed that ADCK4-knockout podocytes had significantly reduced CoQ10 concentration, respiratory chain activity, and mitochondrial potential, and subsequently displayed an increase in the number of dysmorphic mitochondria. However, treatment of 3-month-old knockout mice or ADCK4-knockout cells with 2,4-diHB prevented the development of renal dysfunction and reversed mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes. Moreover, ADCK4 interacted with mitochondrial proteins such as COQ5, as well as cytoplasmic proteins such as myosin and heat shock proteins. Thus, ADCK4 knockout decreased the COQ complex level, but overexpression of ADCK4 in ADCK4-knockout podocytes transfected with wild-type ADCK4 rescued the COQ5 level. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that ADCK4 is required for CoQ10 biosynthesis and mitochondrial function in podocytes, and suggests that ADCK4 in podocytes stabilizes proteins in complex Q in podocytes. Our study also suggests a potential treatment strategy for nephrotic syndrome resulting from ADCK4 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Widmeier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Seyoung Yu
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Youn Wook Chung
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Makiko Nakayama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucía Fernández-Del-Río
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hannah Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Schapiro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Florian Buerger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Won-Il Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Helmstädter
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jae-Woo Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Ryu
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Catherine F Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Departments of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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32
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Berardo A, Quinzii CM. Redefining infantile-onset multisystem phenotypes of coenzyme Q 10-deficiency in the next-generation sequencing era. JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL GENETICS AND GENOMICS 2020; 4:22-35. [PMID: 33426503 PMCID: PMC7791541 DOI: 10.20517/jtgg.2020.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Primary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency encompasses a subset of mitochondrial diseases caused by mutations affecting proteins involved in the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway. One of the most frequent clinical syndromes associated with primary CoQ10 deficiency is the severe infantile multisystemic form, which, until recently, was underdiagnosed. In the last few years, the availability of genetic screening through whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing has enabled molecular diagnosis in a growing number of patients with this syndrome and has revealed new disease phenotypes and molecular defects in CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway genes. Early genetic screening can rapidly and non-invasively diagnose primary CoQ10 deficiencies. Early diagnosis is particularly important in cases of CoQ10 deficient steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, which frequently improves with treatment. In contrast, the infantile multisystemic forms of CoQ10 deficiency, particularly when manifesting with encephalopathy, present therapeutic challenges, due to poor responses to CoQ10 supplementation. Administration of CoQ10 biosynthetic intermediate compounds is a promising alternative to CoQ10; however, further pre-clinical studies are needed to establish their safety and efficacy, as well as to elucidate the mechanism of actions of the intermediates. Here, we review the molecular defects causes of the multisystemic infantile phenotype of primary CoQ10 deficiency, genotype-phenotype correlations, and recent therapeutic advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Berardo
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catarina M Quinzii
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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33
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Shayota BJ, Le NT, Bekheirnia N, Rosenfeld JA, Goldstein AC, Moritz M, Bartholomew DW, Pastore MT, Xia F, Eng C, Yang Y, Lamb DJ, Scaglia F, Braun MC, Bekheirnia MR. Characterization of the renal phenotype in RMND1-related mitochondrial disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e973. [PMID: 31568715 PMCID: PMC6900359 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear encoded gene RMND1 (Required for Meiotic Nuclear Division 1 homolog) has recently been linked to RMND1-related mitochondrial disease (RRMD). This autosomal recessive condition characteristically presents with an infantile-onset multisystem disease characterized by severe hypotonia, global developmental delay, failure to thrive, sensorineural hearing loss, and lactic acidosis. Renal disease, however, appears to be one of the more prominent features of RRMD, affecting patients at significantly higher numbers compared to other mitochondrial diseases. We report the clinical, histological, and molecular findings of four RRMD patients across three academic institutions with a focus on the renal manifestations. METHODS Four patients were identified for the purpose of this study, all of whom had molecular confirmation at the time of inclusion, which included the common pathogenic variant c.713A>G (p.N238S) as well as the three rare variants: c.485delC (p.P162fs), c.533C>T (p.T178M), and c.1317 + 1G>C splice donor variant. Medical history and laboratory findings were collected from the medical records and medical providers. RESULTS In this study, all four patients developed renal disease characterized as tubulopathy (3/4), renal tubular acidosis (2/4), interstitial nephritis (1/4), and/or end-stage renal disease (4/4) necessitating renal transplantation (2/4). Histological evaluation of renal biopsy specimens revealed generalized tubular atrophy and on electron microscopy, abundant mitochondria with pleomorphism and abnormal cristae. CONCLUSION Our experience with RRMD demonstrates a specific pattern of renal disease manifestations and clinical course. Patients are unlikely to respond to traditional chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatments, making early diagnosis and consideration of renal transplantation paramount to the management of RRMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Shayota
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | | | - Nasim Bekheirnia
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Renal SectionDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Amy C. Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Child NeurologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Michael Moritz
- Department of PediatricsDivision of NephrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | | | - Matthew T. Pastore
- Division of Molecular and Human GeneticsNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUSA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Christine Eng
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Dolores J. Lamb
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Department of UrologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Fernando Scaglia
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- BCM‐CUHK Center of Medical GeneticsPrince of Wales HospitalShaTinHong Kong SAR
| | - Michael C. Braun
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Renal SectionDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| | - Mir Reza Bekheirnia
- Texas Children's HospitalHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Molecular and Human GeneticsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
- Renal SectionDepartment of PediatricsBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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34
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Wang Y, Hekimi S. The Complexity of Making Ubiquinone. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:929-943. [PMID: 31601461 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinone (UQ, coenzyme Q) is an essential electron transfer lipid in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. It is a main source of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also has antioxidant properties. This mix of characteristics is why ubiquinone supplementation is considered a potential therapy for many diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Mutations in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway are increasingly being identified in patients. Furthermore, secondary ubiquinone deficiency is a common finding associated with mitochondrial disorders and might exacerbate these conditions. Recent developments have suggested that ubiquinone biosynthesis occurs in discrete domains of the mitochondrial inner membrane close to ER-mitochondria contact sites. This spatial requirement for ubiquinone biosynthesis could be the link between secondary ubiquinone deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction, which commonly results in loss of mitochondrial structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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35
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Berenguel Hernández AM, de la Cruz M, Alcázar-Fabra M, Prieto-Rodríguez A, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Martin J, Tormo JR, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Cortés-Rodríguez AB, Navas P, Reyes F, Vicente F, Genilloud O, Santos-Ocaña C. Design of High-Throughput Screening of Natural Extracts to Identify Molecules Bypassing Primary Coenzyme Q Deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SLAS DISCOVERY 2019; 25:299-309. [PMID: 31751168 DOI: 10.1177/2472555219877185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency syndrome is a rare disease included in the family of mitochondrial diseases, which is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by defective energy production. CoQ10 biosynthesis in humans requires at least 11 gene products acting in a multiprotein complex within mitochondria. The high-throughput screening (HTS) method based on the stabilization of the CoQ biosynthesis complex (Q-synthome) produced by the COQ8 gene overexpression is proven here to be a successful method for identifying new molecules from natural extracts that are able to bypass the CoQ6 deficiency in yeast mutant cells. The main features of the new approach are the combination of two yeast targets defective in genes with different functions on CoQ6 biosynthesis to secure the versatility of the molecule identified, the use of glycerol as a nonfermentable carbon source providing a wide growth window, and the stringent conditions required to mark an extract as positive. The application of this pilot approach to a representative subset of 1200 samples of the Library of Natural Products of Fundación MEDINA resulted in the finding of nine positive extracts. The fractionation of three of the nine extracts allowed the identification of five molecules; two of them are present in molecule databases of natural extracts and three are nondescribed molecules. The use of this screening method opens the possibility of discovering molecules with CoQ10-bypassing action useful as therapeutic agents to fight against mitochondrial diseases in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés-Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Cerqua C, Casarin A, Pierrel F, Vazquez Fonseca L, Viola G, Salviati L, Trevisson E. Vitamin K2 cannot substitute Coenzyme Q 10 as electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain of mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6553. [PMID: 31024065 PMCID: PMC6484000 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiencies are a group of heterogeneous conditions that respond to ubiquinone administration if treated soon after the onset of symptoms. However, this treatment is only partially effective due to its poor bioavailability. We tested whether vitamin K2, which was reported to act as a mitochondrial electron carrier in D. melanogaster, could mimic ubiquinone function in human CoQ10 deficient cell lines, and in yeast carrying mutations in genes required for coenzyme Q6 (CoQ6) biosynthesis. We found that vitamin K2, despite entering into mitochondria, restored neither electron flow in the respiratory chain, nor ATP synthesis. Conversely, coenzyme Q4 (CoQ4), an analog of CoQ10 with a shorter isoprenoid side chain, could efficiently substitute its function. Given its better solubility, CoQ4 could represent an alternative to CoQ10 in patients with both primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cerqua
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Casarin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabien Pierrel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Luis Vazquez Fonseca
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Giampiero Viola
- Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.,Pediatric Hematooncology Laboratory, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica IRP Città della Speranza, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy.
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