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Passchier EMJ, Bisseling Q, Helman G, van Spaendonk RML, Simons C, Olsthoorn RCL, van der Veen H, Abbink TEM, van der Knaap MS, Min R. Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts: a variant update and review of the literature. Front Genet 2024; 15:1352947. [PMID: 38487253 PMCID: PMC10938252 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1352947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The leukodystrophy megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is characterized by infantile-onset macrocephaly and chronic edema of the brain white matter. With delayed onset, patients typically experience motor problems, epilepsy and slow cognitive decline. No treatment is available. Classic MLC is caused by bi-allelic recessive pathogenic variants in MLC1 or GLIALCAM (also called HEPACAM). Heterozygous dominant pathogenic variants in GLIALCAM lead to remitting MLC, where patients show a similar phenotype in early life, followed by normalization of white matter edema and no clinical regression. Rare patients with heterozygous dominant variants in GPRC5B and classic MLC were recently described. In addition, two siblings with bi-allelic recessive variants in AQP4 and remitting MLC have been identified. The last systematic overview of variants linked to MLC dates back to 2006. We provide an updated overview of published and novel variants. We report on genetic variants from 508 patients with MLC as confirmed by MRI diagnosis (258 from our database and 250 extracted from 64 published reports). We describe 151 unique MLC1 variants, 29 GLIALCAM variants, 2 GPRC5B variants and 1 AQP4 variant observed in these MLC patients. We include experiments confirming pathogenicity for some variants, discuss particularly notable variants, and provide an overview of recent scientific and clinical insight in the pathophysiology of MLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. J. Passchier
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Quinty Bisseling
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guy Helman
- Translational Bioinformatics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Cas Simons
- Translational Bioinformatics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, The Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Hieke van der Veen
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Truus E. M. Abbink
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjo S. van der Knaap
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier Min
- Department of Child Neurology, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Fu L, Ping J, Guo F, Song J, Luo M, Chen L. PLA2G12B Mediates Arachidonic Acid Metabolism through Activation of the NF-κB Pathway to Promote Membrane Nephropathy. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:652-665. [PMID: 37757774 DOI: 10.1159/000533805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The disruption of podocyte structure and function are the main pathological mechanism of membranous nephropathy (MN). Phospholipases A2, Group XII B (PLA2G12B) was reported involved in the regulation of MN by interfering with arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, but there is a lack of sufficient evidence. In this study, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of PLA2G12B in MN. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were used to establish MN model to extract primary podocytes, then divided into control, model, si-phospholipases A2 receptor (PLA2R), PLA2G12B, PLA2G12B + si-PLA2R, PLA2G12B + nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibitor, PLA2G12B + NF-κB inhibitor + si-PLA2R groups. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence were used to detect kidney histological arrangement, serum levels of cholesterol-related indices, and AA. Genes and proteins associated with metabolism and inflammatory factors were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS The results revealed that AA metabolites were activated in the MN model mice, and the expression of PLA2G12B and NF-κB pathway levels were elevated. Besides, cellular experiments demonstrated that prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), thromboxane A2 (TXA2), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and NF-κB pathway were significantly increased in the PLA2G12B group. Also, PLA2G12B promotes apoptosis and suppresses cell activity in podocytes, and these effects could be antagonized by NF-κB inhibitors. Furthermore, with the inference of si-PLA2R, the NF-κB inhibitors' effects were reversed. CONCLUSION Promotional effects of PLA2G12B in primary MN are associated with the regulation of AA metabolism and NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fu
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital and Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jinliang Ping
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital and Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Fei Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medical Acupuncture, Huzhou Central Hospital and Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Song
- Department of Pathology, Huzhou Central Hospital and Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Mingjun Luo
- Department of Hemodialysis Center, Huzhou Central Hospital and Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Lijing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huzhou Central Hospital and Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
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He L, Xu Z, Niu X, Li R, Wang F, You Y, Gao J, Zhao L, Shah KM, Fan J, Liu M, Luo J. GPRC5B protects osteoarthritis by regulation of autophagy signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2976-2989. [PMID: 37521864 PMCID: PMC10372909 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. However, current treatment modalities mainly relieve pain and inhibit cartilage degradation, but do not promote cartilage regeneration. In this study, we show that G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member B (GPRC5B), an orphan G-protein-couple receptor, not only inhibits cartilage degradation, but also increases cartilage regeneration and thereby is protective against OA. We observed that Gprc5b deficient chondrocytes had an upregulation of cartilage catabolic gene expression, along with downregulation of anabolic genes in vitro. Furthermore, mice deficient in Gprc5b displayed a more severe OA phenotype in the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) induced OA mouse model, with upregulation of cartilage catabolic factors and downregulation of anabolic factors, consistent with our in vitro findings. Overexpression of Gprc5b by lentiviral vectors alleviated the cartilage degeneration in DMM-induced OA mouse model by inhibiting cartilage degradation and promoting regeneration. We also assessed the molecular mechanisms downstream of Gprc5b that may mediate these observed effects and identify the role of protein kinase B (AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-autophagy signaling pathway. Thus, we demonstrate an integral role of GPRC5B in OA pathogenesis, and activation of GPRC5B has the potential in preventing the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Ziwei Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Rong Li
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Fanhua Wang
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Yu You
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jingduo Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
| | - Karan M. Shah
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, the Medical School, the University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201613, China
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Wei M, Qiu Z, Li H, Lu B, Wang C, Ji L. Integrating network pharmacology approach and experimental validation to reveal the alleviation of Shenkangning capsule on chronic nephritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 299:115676. [PMID: 36057408 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenkangning (SKN), a Chinese patent medicine composed by eight Chinese medicinal herbs, is commonly applied to treat chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) in clinic. However, its mechanism is still not clear now. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is designed to evaluate the SKN-provided alleviation on adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy, to reveal its mechanism by integrating network pharmacology analysis and experimental evidences, and to further find the main drug that makes a major contribution to its efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS ADR was intravenously injected to mice to induce focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Renal histological evaluation was conducted. The level of urinary protein, and serum amounts of creatinine, urea nitrogen (BUN) and albumin were detected. The potential mechanisms were predicted by network pharmacology analysis and further validated by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western-blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS SKN (1, 10 g/kg) improved ADR-induced nephropathy in mice. Network pharmacology results predicted that inflammation and oxidative stress were crucially involved in the SKN-provided amelioration on nephropathy. SKN reduced the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of its downstream genes in ADR-induced nephropathy in mice. Furthermore, SKN also restored the reduced expression of both podocin and synaptopodin, which are podocyte-associated proteins. Further results showed that the toxic drug Danfupian (DFP) had no contribution to the SKN-provided alleviation on ADR-induced nephropathy in mice. After integrating the results from evaluating anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant and anti-injury of podocytes in vitro and from comparing the activity of the whole SKN and SKN without Astragali Radix (Huangqi, HQ) in vivo, we found that HQ played a crucial contribution to the SKN-provided amelioration on ADR-induced nephropathy in mice. CONCLUSION SKN improved ADR-induced nephropathy through suppressing renal inflammation and oxidative stress injury via abrogating NF-κB activation and activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. HQ played a main contribution to the SKN-provided amelioration on ADR-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhimiao Qiu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Han Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bin Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lili Ji
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Differential Spleen miRNA Expression Profile of Beagle Dogs Infected with Toxocara canis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192638. [PMID: 36230377 PMCID: PMC9558963 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxocara canis is an unnoticed zoonotic helminth that causes severe disease in animals and humans. The spleen has a wide range of immunological functions in protecting the host against infection by many pathogens, but the function of the spleen in T. canis infection is still to be clarified, especially for the role of spleen microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, deep sequencing of spleen RNA samples of 18 Beagle puppies was conducted to uncover the miRNAs expression profiling at 24 h post-infection (hpi), 96 hpi, and 36 days post infection (dpi). A total of 20, 34, and 19 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were identified at 24 hpi, 96 hpi, and 36 dpi, respectively. These DEmiRNAs (e.g., cfa-miR-206, cfa-miR-331, and cfa-miR-339) could play critical roles in Beagle puppies against T. canis infection, such as influencing inflammatory and immune-related cells and cytokines, by regulating target genes that are tightly associated with host immune function and enriched in immune response and immune pathways based on GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis. The current study discovered marked alterations of spleen miRNAs after T. canis infection, with potential effects on the pathogenesis of toxocariasis.
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Dong X, Limjunyawong N, Sypek EI, Wang G, Ortines RV, Youn C, Alphonse MP, Dikeman D, Wang Y, Lay M, Kothari R, Vasavda C, Pundir P, Goff L, Miller LS, Lu W, Garza LA, Kim BS, Archer NK, Dong X. Keratinocyte-derived defensins activate neutrophil-specific receptors Mrgpra2a/b to prevent skin dysbiosis and bacterial infection. Immunity 2022; 55:1645-1662.e7. [PMID: 35882236 PMCID: PMC9474599 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Healthy skin maintains a diverse microbiome and a potent immune system to fight off infections. Here, we discovered that the epithelial-cell-derived antimicrobial peptides defensins activated orphan G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) Mrgpra2a/b on neutrophils. This signaling axis was required for effective neutrophil-mediated skin immunity and microbiome homeostasis. We generated mutant mouse lines lacking the entire Defensin (Def) gene cluster in keratinocytes or Mrgpra2a/b. Def and Mrgpra2 mutant animals both exhibited skin dysbiosis, with reduced microbial diversity and expansion of Staphylococcus species. Defensins and Mrgpra2 were critical for combating S. aureus infections and the formation of neutrophil abscesses, a hallmark of antibacterial immunity. Activation of Mrgpra2 by defensin triggered neutrophil release of IL-1β and CXCL2 which are vital for proper amplification and propagation of the antibacterial immune response. This study demonstrated the importance of epithelial-neutrophil signaling via the defensin-Mrgpra2 axis in maintaining healthy skin ecology and promoting antibacterial host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Sypek
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger V Ortines
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin P Alphonse
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dustin Dikeman
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Lay
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruchita Kothari
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chirag Vasavda
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Priyanka Pundir
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Loyal Goff
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lloyd S Miller
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luis A Garza
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian S Kim
- Kimberly and Eric J. Waldman Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nathan K Archer
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Fu W, Franchini L, Orlandi C. Comprehensive Spatial Profile of the Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptor GPRC5B Expression in Mouse Brain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:891544. [PMID: 35812210 PMCID: PMC9259939 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.891544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan G Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are GPCRs whose endogenous ligands are unknown or still debated. Due to the lack of pharmacological modulators, the physiological function of orphan GPCRs is understudied. However, relevant physiological roles associated with orphan GPCRs have been revealed by analysis of animal models and genome wide association studies illuminating an untapped potential for drug discovery. G Protein Coupled Receptor class C Group 5 Member B (GPRC5B) is among the most expressed GPCRs in the central nervous system. Thus, the expression profiling of GPRC5B is an essential step toward understanding GPRC5B function in health and disease. In this study, we generated new GPRC5B polyclonal antibodies and investigated the expression levels of GPRC5B across different organs and brain regions. We identified high levels of GPRC5B glycosylation both in transfected cells and in mouse brain. Moreover, in situ hybridization imaging analysis indicated that Gprc5b was expressed at the highest level in olfactory bulb, hippocampus, cerebellum, and pons. To dissect expression within various neuronal populations, we conducted a comprehensive spatial profiling of Gprc5b across excitatory and inhibitory neuronal types in medial prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, hippocampal regions, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. Overall, we discovered that GABAergic neurons displayed higher Gprc5b expression levels than glutamatergic neurons in most of the analyzed regions with the important exception of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Overall, the expression analysis of GPRC5B in mouse brain will guide functional studies ultimately positioning GPRC5B in pathophysiological mechanisms and drug discovery.
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Xu W, Nelson-Maney NP, Bálint L, Kwon HB, Davis RB, Dy DCM, Dunleavey JM, St. Croix B, Caron KM. Orphan G-Protein Coupled Receptor GPRC5B Is Critical for Lymphatic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105712. [PMID: 35628521 PMCID: PMC9146384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have focused on the molecular signaling pathways that govern the development and growth of lymphatics in the hopes of elucidating promising druggable targets. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are currently the largest family of membrane receptors targeted by FDA-approved drugs, but there remain many unexplored receptors, including orphan GPCRs with no known biological ligand or physiological function. Thus, we sought to illuminate the cadre of GPCRs expressed at high levels in lymphatic endothelial cells and identified four orphan receptors: GPRC5B, AGDRF5/GPR116, FZD8 and GPR61. Compared to blood endothelial cells, GPRC5B is the most abundant GPCR expressed in cultured human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), and in situ RNAscope shows high mRNA levels in lymphatics of mice. Using genetic engineering approaches in both zebrafish and mice, we characterized the function of GPRC5B in lymphatic development. Morphant gprc5b zebrafish exhibited failure of thoracic duct formation, and Gprc5b-/- mice suffered from embryonic hydrops fetalis and hemorrhage associated with subcutaneous edema and blood-filled lymphatic vessels. Compared to Gprc5+/+ littermate controls, Gprc5b-/- embryos exhibited attenuated developmental lymphangiogenesis. During the postnatal period, ~30% of Gprc5b-/- mice were growth-restricted or died prior to weaning, with associated attenuation of postnatal cardiac lymphatic growth. In cultured human primary LECs, expression of GPRC5B is required to maintain cell proliferation and viability. Collectively, we identify a novel role for the lymphatic-enriched orphan GPRC5B receptor in lymphangiogenesis of fish, mice and human cells. Elucidating the roles of orphan GPCRs in lymphatics provides new avenues for discovery of druggable targets to treat lymphatic-related conditions such as lymphedema and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - Nathan P. Nelson-Maney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - László Bálint
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - Hyouk-Bum Kwon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - Reema B. Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - Danielle C. M. Dy
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
| | - James M. Dunleavey
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute–Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.D.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Brad St. Croix
- Tumor Angiogenesis Unit, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Cancer Institute–Frederick, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (J.M.D.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Kathleen M. Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (W.X.); (N.P.N.-M.); (L.B.); (H.-B.K.); (R.B.D.); (D.C.M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Freundt GV, von Samson-Himmelstjerna FA, Nitz JT, Luedde M, Waltenberger J, Wieland T, Frey N, Preusch M, Hippe HJ. The orphan receptor GPRC5B activates pro-inflammatory signaling in the vascular wall via Fyn and NFκB. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 592:60-66. [PMID: 35033869 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is driven by an inflammatory process of the vascular wall. The novel orphan G-protein coupled receptor 5B of family C (GPRC5B) is involved in drosophila sugar and lipid metabolism as well as mice adipose tissue inflammation. Here, we investigated the role of GPRC5B in the pro-atherogenic mechanisms of hyperglycemia and vascular inflammation. METHODS Immortalized and primary endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were used for stimulation with high glucose or different cytokines. Adenoviral- or plasmid-driven GPRC5B overexpression and siRNA-mediated knockdown were performed in these cells to analyze functional and mechanistic pathways of GPRC5B. RESULTS In ECs and VSMCs, stimulation with high glucose, TNFα or LPS induced a significant upregulation of endogenous GPRC5B mRNA and protein levels. GPRC5B overexpression and knockdown increased and attenuated, respectively, the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 as well as the pro-atherogenic vascular adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Furthermore, the expression and activity of the metalloproteinase MMP-9, a component of atherosclerotic plaque stabilization, were significantly enhanced by GPRC5B overexpression. Mechanistically, GPRC5B increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and activated NFκB through a direct interaction with the tyrosine kinase Fyn. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that GPRC5B is upregulated in response to high glucose and pro-inflammatory signaling. GPRC5B functionally modulates the inflammatory activity in cells of the vascular wall, suggesting a pro-atherogenic GPRC5B-dependent positive feedback loop via Fyn and NFκB. Thus, GPRC5B warrants further attention as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of vascular inflammation and possibly atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Verena Freundt
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Thorge Nitz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Waltenberger
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, D- 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Maybachstr. 14, D-68169, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Preusch
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Hippe
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, D-24105, Kiel, Germany.
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10
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Gilmore AC, Wilson HR, Cairns TD, Botto M, Lightstone L, Bruce IN, Terence Cook H, Pickering MC. Immune gene expression and functional networks in distinct lupus nephritis classes. Lupus Sci Med 2022; 9:9/1/e000615. [PMID: 35074933 PMCID: PMC8788334 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2021-000615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the utility of the NanoString platform in elucidating kidney immune transcripts for class III, IV and V lupus nephritis (LN) using a retrospective cohort of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) kidney biopsy tissue. METHODS Immune gene transcript analysis was performed using the NanoString nCounter platform on RNA from LN (n=55), thin basement membrane (TBM) disease (n=14) and membranous nephropathy (MN) (n=9) FFPE kidney biopsy tissue. LN samples consisted of single class III (n=11), IV (n=23) and V (n=21) biopsies with no mixed lesions. Differential gene expression was performed with NanoString nSolver, with visualisations of volcano plots and heatmaps generated in R. Significant transcripts were interrogated to identify functional networks using STRING and Gene ontogeny terms. RESULTS In comparison to TBM, we identified 52 significantly differentially expressed genes common to all three LN classes. Pathway analysis showed enrichment for type I interferon (IFN) signalling, complement and MHC II pathways, with most showing the highest expression in class IV LN. Our class IV LN biopsies also showed significant upregulation of NF-κB signalling and immunological enrichment in comparison to class V LN biopsies. Transcripts from the type I IFN pathway distinguished class V LN from MN. CONCLUSION Our whole kidney section transcriptomic analysis provided insights into the molecular profile of class III, IV and V LN. The data highlighted important pathways common to all three classes and pathways enriched in our class IV LN biopsies. The ability to reveal molecular pathways in LN using FFPE whole biopsy sections could have clinical utility in treatment selection for LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Gilmore
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah R Wilson
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas D Cairns
- Imperial Lupus Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Marina Botto
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial Lupus Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Liz Lightstone
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial Lupus Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Matthew Caleb Pickering
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK .,Imperial Lupus Centre, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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11
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Zambrano S, He L, Kano T, Sun Y, Charrin E, Lal M, Betsholtz C, Suzuki Y, Patrakka J. Molecular insights into the early stage of glomerular injury in IgA nephropathy using single-cell RNA sequencing. Kidney Int 2021; 101:752-765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Alonso-Gardón M, Elorza-Vidal X, Castellanos A, La Sala G, Armand-Ugon M, Gilbert A, Di Pietro C, Pla-Casillanis A, Ciruela F, Gasull X, Nunes V, Martínez A, Schulte U, Cohen-Salmon M, Marazziti D, Estévez R. Identification of the GlialCAM interactome: the G protein-coupled receptors GPRC5B and GPR37L1 modulate megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy proteins. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1649-1665. [PMID: 34100078 PMCID: PMC8369841 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with subcortical Cysts (MLC) is a type of vacuolating leukodystrophy, which is mainly caused by mutations in MLC1 or GLIALCAM. The two MLC-causing genes encode for membrane proteins of yet unknown function that have been linked to the regulation of different chloride channels such as the ClC-2 and VRAC. To gain insight into the role of MLC proteins, we have determined the brain GlialCAM interacting proteome. The proteome includes different transporters and ion channels known to be involved in the regulation of brain homeostasis, proteins related to adhesion or signaling as several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the orphan GPRC5B and the proposed prosaposin receptor GPR37L1. Focusing on these two GPCRs, we could validate that they interact directly with MLC proteins. The inactivation of Gpr37l1 in mice upregulated MLC proteins without altering their localization. Conversely, a reduction of GPRC5B levels in primary astrocytes downregulated MLC proteins, leading to an impaired activation of ClC-2 and VRAC. The interaction between the GPCRs and MLC1 was dynamically regulated upon changes in the osmolarity or potassium concentration. We propose that GlialCAM and MLC1 associate with different integral membrane proteins modulating their functions and acting as a recruitment site for various signaling components as the GPCRs identified here. We hypothesized that the GlialCAM/MLC1 complex is working as an adhesion molecule coupled to a tetraspanin-like molecule performing regulatory effects through direct binding or influencing signal transduction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alonso-Gardón
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL - Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Xabier Elorza-Vidal
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL - Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Aida Castellanos
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL - Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Gina La Sala
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome I-00015, Italy
| | - Mercedes Armand-Ugon
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL - Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Alice Gilbert
- Physiology and Physiopathology of the Gliovascular Unit Research Group, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 724, INSERM Unité 1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome I-00015, Italy
| | - Adrià Pla-Casillanis
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL - Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Xavier Gasull
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Medical School, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Casanova 143 Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Virginia Nunes
- Unitat de Genètica, Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat 08036, Spain
| | - Albert Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Martine Cohen-Salmon
- Physiology and Physiopathology of the Gliovascular Unit Research Group, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), College de France, CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 724, INSERM Unité 1050, Labex Memolife, PSL Research University, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo Scalo, Rome I-00015, Italy
| | - Raúl Estévez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Genes Disease and Therapy Program IDIBELL - Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Möller-Hackbarth K, Dabaghie D, Charrin E, Zambrano S, Genové G, Li X, Wernerson A, Lal M, Patrakka J. Retinoic acid receptor responder1 promotes development of glomerular diseases via the Nuclear Factor-κB signaling pathway. Kidney Int 2021; 100:809-823. [PMID: 34147551 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory pathways are activated in most glomerular diseases but molecular mechanisms driving them in kidney tissue are poorly known. We identified retinoic acid receptor responder 1 (Rarres1) as a highly podocyte-enriched protein in healthy kidneys. Studies in podocyte-specific knockout animals indicated that Rarres1 was not needed for the normal development or maintenance of the glomerulus filtration barrier and did not modulate the outcome of kidney disease in a model of glomerulonephritis. Interestingly, we detected an induction of Rarres1 expression in glomerular and peritubular capillary endothelial cells in IgA and diabetic kidney disease, as well as in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Analysis of publicly available RNA data sets showed that the induction of Rarres1 expression was a common molecular mechanism in chronic kidney diseases. A conditional knock-in mouse line, overexpressing Rarres1 specifically in endothelial cells, did not show any obvious kidney phenotype. However, the overexpression promoted the progression of kidney damage in a model of glomerulonephritis. In line with this, conditional knock-out mice, lacking Rarres1 in endothelial cells, were partially protected in the disease model. Mechanistically, Rarres1 promoted inflammation and fibrosis via transcription factor Nuclear Factor-κB signaling pathway by activating receptor tyrosine kinase Axl. Thus, induction of Rarres1 expression in endothelial cells is a prevalent molecular mechanism in human glomerulopathies and this seems to have a pathogenic role in driving inflammation and fibrosis via the Nuclear Factor-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Möller-Hackbarth
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dina Dabaghie
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emmanuelle Charrin
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Zambrano
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillem Genové
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xidan Li
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Renal Medicine, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Lal
- Bioscience Renal, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- KI/AZ Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Long X, Yang Z, Li Y, Sun Q, Li X, Kuang E. BRLF1-dependent viral and cellular transcriptomes and transcriptional regulation during EBV primary infection in B lymphoma cells. Genomics 2021; 113:2591-2604. [PMID: 34087421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immediate-early protein BRLF1 plays important roles in lytic infection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in which it activates lytic viral transcription and replication. However, knowledge of the influence of BRLF1 on cellular gene expression and transcriptional reprogramming during the early lytic cycle remains limited. In the present study, deep RNA-sequencing analysis identified all differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and alternative splicing in B lymphoma cells subjected to wild-type and BRLF1-deficient EBV primary infection. The BRLF1-dependent cellular DEGs were annotated, and major differentially enriched pathways were related to DNA replication and transcription, immune and inflammatory responses, cytokine-receptor interactions and chemokine signaling and metabolic processes. Furthermore, analysis of BRLF1-binding proteins by mass spectrometry shows that BRLF1 binds to and cooperates with several transcription factors and components of the spliceosome and then influences both RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription and pre-mRNA splicing. The RTA-binding RRE motifs or specific motifs of unique cooperative transcription factors in viral and cellular DEG promoter regions indicate that BRLF1 employs different strategies for regulating viral and cellular transcription. Thus, our study characterized BRLF1-dependent cellular and viral transcriptional profile during primary infection and then revealed the comprehensive virus-cell interaction and alterations of transcription during EBV primary infection and lytic replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubing Long
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Qinqin Sun
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Ersheng Kuang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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15
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Takizawa N, Hironaka T, Mae K, Ueno T, Horii Y, Nagasaka A, Nakaya M. GPRC5B promotes collagen production in myofibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 561:180-186. [PMID: 34023784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a condition characterized by the overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (e.g., collagen) in the myofibroblasts, causing tissue hardening and eventual organ dysfunction. Currently, the molecular mechanisms that regulate ECM production in the myofibroblasts are still obscure. In this study, we investigated the function of GPRC5B in the cardiac and lung myofibroblasts using real-time RT-PCR and siRNA-mediated knockdown. We discovered a significantly high expression of Gprc5b in the tissues of the fibrosis mice models and confirmed that Gprc5b was consistently expressed in the myofibroblasts of fibrotic hearts and lungs. We also found that Gprc5b expression was associated and may be dependent on the actin-MRTF-SRF signaling pathway. Notably, we observed that Gprc5b knockdown reduced the expression of collagen genes in the cardiac and lung myofibroblasts. Therefore, our findings reveal that GPRC5B enhances collagen production in the myofibroblasts, which directly promotes fibrosis in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noburo Takizawa
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takanori Hironaka
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Mae
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuma Horii
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiomi Nagasaka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michio Nakaya
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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16
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Luo W, Yu Y, Wang H, Liu K, Wang Y, Huang M, Xuan C, Li Y, Qi J. Up-regulation of MMP-2 by histone H3K9 β-hydroxybutyrylation to antagonize glomerulosclerosis in diabetic rat. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1501-1509. [PMID: 32772200 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Besides energy supply, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) acts as a bioactive molecule to play multiple protective roles, even in diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the antagonizing effects of BHB against diabetic glomerulosclerosis and the underlying mechanism. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes and then treated with different concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate. After 10 weeks, body weight, blood glucose, serum creatinine and 24-h urine protein were examined. Glomerular morphological changes and the contents of collagen type IV (COL IV) were evaluated. Then, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad3 contents and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) generation were detected. Moreover, the total contents of trans-activating histone H3K9 β-hydroxybutyrylation (H3K9bhb) and the contents of H3K9bhb in the Mmp-2 promoter were measured. RESULTS It was firstly confirmed that BHB treatments reduced renal biochemical indicators and attenuated glomerular morphological changes of the diabetic rats, with COL IV content decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Then, BHB treatments were found to up-regulate renal MMP-2 generation of the diabetic rats significantly, while not affecting the increased TGF-β/Smad3 contents. Furthermore, the contents of H3K9bhb in the Mmp-2 promoter were elevated significantly for the middle and high concentrations of BHB treatments, up-regulating MMP-2 generation. CONCLUSION BHB treatments could up-regulate MMP-2 generation via causing elevated H3K9bhb in its promoter to antagonize glomerulosclerosis in the diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Luo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijin Yu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Minling Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Xuan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jinsheng Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry, Hebei Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Hebei Medical University, No. 361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Liu S, Xie F, Gan L, Peng T, Xu X, Guo S, Fu W, Wang Y, Ouyang Y, Yang J, Wang X, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Wang H. Integration of transcriptome and cistrome analysis identifies RUNX1-target genes involved in pancreatic cancer proliferation. Genomics 2020; 112:5343-5355. [PMID: 33189780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The extremely high proliferation rate of tumor cells contributes to pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. Runt-related transcription factor 1(RUNX1), a key factor in hematopoiesis that was correlated with tumor progression. However, the role of RUNX1 in PC proliferation was still unclear. We found that RUNX1 was significantly upregulated in PC tissues and its expression was negatively associated with prognosis of PC patients in a multicenter analysis according to immunohistochemical (IHC). RUNX1 downregulation in PC resulted in a significantly reduced cell proliferation rate, which was consistent with in vivo subcutaneous tumor formation assay results. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq results revealed that a portion of target genes, including HAP1, GPRC5B, PTPN21, VHL and EN2, were regulated by RUNX1, a finding successfully validated by ChIP-qPCR, qRT-PCR and Western blot. Subsequently, IHC and proliferation assays showed these target genes to be dysregulated in PC, affecting tumor growth. Our data suggest that RUNX1 plays an oncogenic role in tumor proliferation and is a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Liu
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Fuming Xie
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lang Gan
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Tao Peng
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Region of PLA, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Shixiang Guo
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wen Fu
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Ouyang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xianxing Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Huaizhi Wang
- Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, PR China; Institute of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, PR China.
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