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Wang Y, Niu Y, Ye C, He X, Frederique L, Zhang Z, Hsu K, Lin X, Andrew S, Zhang X, Frederic F, Wu Y. Efficacy of a moisturizing cream and facial mask for alleviating skin problems associated with medical mask use: A half-face, randomized controlled study. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:2097-2102. [PMID: 38400600 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged use of medical masks has increased skin-related issues. AIM To evaluate the efficacy of a facial cream and facial mask in mitigating medical mask related skin symptoms. METHODS Healthy women were randomly assigned to apply a facial cream (n = 32) or a facial mask plus a facial cream (n = 32) on half-faces after wearing medical masks for 4 h (Tb). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dryness score, and redness area were assessed at Tb and 10 min after using the cream (T1) in the facial cream group, and at Tb, 1 h after using the facial mask (T2), and 10 min after using the cream (T3) in the combined use group. RESULTS In the facial cream group, the treated half-face showed significantly better improvements from Tb to T1 in TEWL (-2.95 ± 0.38 vs. -0.68 ± 0.35 g/h·cm2, p < 0.001) and skin dryness score (-1.00 ± 0.12 vs. 0.00 ± 0.00, p < 0.001). In the combined use group, the treated half-face showed significantly better improvements from Tb to T2 and T3 in TEWL (T2, -3.46 ± 0.33 vs. -0.09 ± 0.13 g/h·cm2; T3, -4.67 ± 0.31 vs. -0.28 ± 0.22 g/h·cm2) and skin dryness score (T2, -0.63 ± 0.13 vs. 0.03 ± 0.03; T3, -0.94 ± 0.17 vs. 0.19 ± 0.07) (all p < 0.001) then the untreated half-face. The combined use group had significantly lower TEWL at T3 than T2 (p < 0.05). The reduction in redness area was similar between the treated and untreated half-faces in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The test facial cream and mask significantly improved skin barrier function and alleviated dryness symptoms associated with medical mask use, with the combined use offering superior benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqing Niu
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengda Ye
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng He
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhongxing Zhang
- L'Oreal Dermatological Beauty, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, China
| | - Kungchi Hsu
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrong Lin
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, China
| | - Steel Andrew
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghua Zhang
- L'Oreal Dermatological Beauty, L'Oréal China, Shanghai, China
| | - Flament Frederic
- Research and Innovation Center, L'Oréal France, Chevilly-Larue, France
| | - Yan Wu
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Koprubasi S, Basar F, Senel Kukner A. The impact of prolonged face mask use on ocular surface health during COVID-19 pandemic: a clinical, and conjunctiva impression cytology study. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:59. [PMID: 38345673 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-02990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between prolonged face mask use and ocular surface health utilizing conjunctival impression cytology, the Schirmer test, the tear break-up time (TBUT) test, and the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire. METHODS In this cross-sectional prospective study, individuals who used face masks for at least eight hours per day for at least six months were compared to healthy volunteers who used face masks for no more than one hour per day. Each participant completed an OSDI questionnaire. The Schirmer test (under anesthesia), the TBUT test, and conjunctiva impression cytology analysis according to the Nelson classification method were performed on each participant. RESULTS This study included 102 (49 male, 53 female) face mask users with an average age of 33.29 ± 7.71 years and 110 (60 male, 50 female) healthy controls with an average age of 32.96 ± 7.10 years (p = 0.746). The total OSDI score was significantly higher in face mask users than the control group (25.18 ± 3.54 vs 9.46 ± 2.13, p < 0.001). The mean Schirmer test value and TBUT were significantly lower in the study group than the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in total score and stage of the Nelson classification system (p < 0.001, and p = 0.024, respectively). All conjunctiva impression cytology assessments, including cellularity, cell-cell contact, nucleus/cytoplasma ratio, goblet cell amount, and metaplasia, revealed statistically significant deterioration in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.025, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION The prolonged use of face masks leads to dry eyes. The findings of conjunctiva impression cytology indicate the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of mask associated dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyra Koprubasi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Emek Mah. Namık Kemal Cad. No:54, 34785, Sancaktepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Feyza Basar
- Department of Pathology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amber Senel Kukner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sancaktepe Sehit Prof. Dr. Ilhan Varank Training and Research Hospital, Emek Mah. Namık Kemal Cad. No:54, 34785, Sancaktepe, Istanbul, Turkey
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Trave I, Salvi I, Cozzani E, Donadoni R, Parodi A. Has the Use of the Mask Exacerbated Rosacea During the Pandemic? Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:dpc.1304a230. [PMID: 37992377 PMCID: PMC10656128 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1304a230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the COVID-19 pandemic, personal protective equipment, particularly face masks, became an essential requirement to engage in various activities. Several articles reported an increase of recurrences of dermatologic facial diseases (ie, acne, rosacea) related to mask use. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the number of recurrences of rosacea related to face mask use. METHODS This prospective study was conducted on adult patients with a pre-pandemic diagnosis of mild and moderate papulopustular rosacea. All patients had previously achieved either partial or complete remission after a 4-month treatment with topical ivermectin in 2019. We collected data in two different phases characterized by different intensity of mask use during the pandemic and post-pandemic period. We collected data through clinical assessment of the disease, questionnaires on personal habits and standardized skin surface biopsy to study the Demodex mites count. RESULTS We enrolled a total of 30 patients. In the pandemic period, 5/30 patients had a relapse of mild papulopustular rosacea; the Demodex sample resulted positive in 4/5 relapsed patients. In the post-pandemic period, 4/30 patients reported a relapse of mild rosacea (3 patients) and moderate papulopustular rosacea (1 patient). At the Demodex exam, 1/4 relapsed patients resulted positive. CONCLUSIONS We did not find a significant increase in relapses of papulopustular rosacea during the pandemic. An appropriate anti-parasitic treatment may reduce the number of recurrences due to mask use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Trave
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, IRCCS - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Salvi
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, IRCCS - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, IRCCS - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rebecca Donadoni
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, IRCCS - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Section of Dermatology - Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, IRCCS - Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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VINDENES HK, BERTELSEN RJ, LYGRE SHL, MORKEN T, MØLLERLØKKEN OJ, IRGENS-HANSEN K. Changes in Infection Prevention Practices and Occurrence of Skin Symptoms among Healthcare Workers, Cleaners and Day-care Workers in Norway during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv00840. [PMID: 36600529 PMCID: PMC9885284 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.3420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in increased attention on infection prevention measures. This study aims to assess whether changes in hand hygiene procedures, use of personal protective equipment and moisturizers during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with changes in the occurrence of skin symptoms among healthcare workers, cleaners, and day-care workers. A total of 602 participants (40%) responded to an electronic questionnaire, including questions on previous and current occupational exposure and skin problems. Increased frequency of hand washing, use of hand disinfectants, use of disposable gloves and moisturizers were all associated with an increased symptom score on the hands, wrists, forearms. Participants who increased their use of masks or respirators had a higher risk of facial skin symptoms, compared with those with non-increased occupational exposure. In conclusion, a change of behaviour among healthcare workers, cleaners and day-care workers during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, with an increase in occupational exposures and use of moisturizers, was associated with higher occurrence of facial skin symptoms and symptoms on the hands, wrists and forearms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde K. VINDENES
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen,Department of Dermatology, Haukeland University Hospital
| | - Randi J. BERTELSEN
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital,Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen
| | | | - Tone MORKEN
- National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care, Norwegian Research Centre AS, NORCE
| | - Ole J. MØLLERLØKKEN
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kaja IRGENS-HANSEN
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Justin LYS, Yew YW. Facial dermatoses induced by face masks: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:473-484. [PMID: 35980367 PMCID: PMC9539048 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The use of masks for infection control was common in the COVID-19 pandemic. As numerous cross-sectional studies have suggested a link between the use of such masks and various facial dermatoses, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies was conducted to evaluate this association, as well as potential risk factors for the development of such facial dermatoses. Observational studies were searched for in MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register. Thirty-seven observational studies with a total of 29 557 study participants were identified. This study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist and quality was assessed via the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale., Overall prevalence of facial dermatoses was 55%. Individually, acne, facial dermatitis, itch and pressure injuries were consistently reported as facial dermatoses, with a pooled prevalence of 31%, 24%, 30% and 31%, respectively. Duration of mask-wear was the most significant risk factor for the development of facial dermatoses (95% CI: 1.31-1.54, p < 0.001). Overall, facial dermatoses associated with mask wear are common, and consist of distinct entities. They are related to duration of use. Appropriate and tailored treatment is important to improve the outcomes for these affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lim Yi Shen Justin
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
- Tan Tock Seng HospitalSingapore
| | - Yik Weng Yew
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
- National Skin CentreSingapore
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Westermann C, Zielinski N, Altenburg C, Dulon M, Kleinmüller O, Kersten JF, Nienhaus A. Prevalence of Adverse Skin Reactions in Nursing Staff Due to Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12530. [PMID: 36231831 PMCID: PMC9566727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to prevent the nosocomial transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it has become necessary for health workers to increase their use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and influencing factors for adverse skin reactions (ASR) due to occupational PPE use among nursing staff in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study uses a mixed methods design. A focus group was created with experts from the field of healthcare, and an online survey was then carried out among nursing staff. Influencing factors were identified using multivariate logistic regression via odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 2274 nursing staff took part in the survey, with 1967 included in the analysis. The prevalence of ASR was 61%, with 94% affecting at least one area of the face. Statistically significant factors of influence were Filtering Face Peace (FFP) mask wearing duration of ≥4 h, a history of contact allergies, and being female and young. A pre-existing skin disease had a protective effect. The prevalence of PPE-related ASR underlines the necessity for targeted preventive measures for nursing staff during pandemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Westermann
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hazardous Substances and Public Health, Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Healthcare and Welfare Services, 22089 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nika Zielinski
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Altenburg
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hazardous Substances and Public Health, Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Healthcare and Welfare Services, 22089 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine Dulon
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hazardous Substances and Public Health, Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Healthcare and Welfare Services, 22089 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Kleinmüller
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Felix Kersten
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Albert Nienhaus
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Hazardous Substances and Public Health, Institution for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Healthcare and Welfare Services, 22089 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Maskne-Dermatosis of a Pandemic. A Survey on the Impact of PPE on Facial Skin Among HCW and N-HCW in Poland. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2297-2308. [PMID: 36048330 PMCID: PMC9434523 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00796-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) became the new social norm for preventing COVID-19, but with an impact on the skin barrier. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing PPE wearing, following hygiene rules, and effect on facial skin, including onset or exacerbation of dermatoses among healthcare workers (HCW) and non-healthcare workers (N-HCW). Methods In 2020, an original survey was carried out among 300 N-HCW and 60 HCW with 60 questions about using PPE and skin lesions experienced before and during the pandemic. Cross-sectional statistical analysis was completed to assess the interplay between environmental factors and maskne occurrence. Results The N-HCW group included 74% females and 26% males with an average age 24.67 ± 0.74. Among HCW respondents 91.7% were women and 8.3% were men, with an average age of 30.07 ± 0.36. All participants used PPE. Volunteers for N-HCW mainly chose a disposable (53.3%) and reusable masks (37.3%), while HCW preferred surgical (66.7%) and FFP2/FFP3/N95 masks (30%) and almost never used reusable masks (3.3%). HCW mainly spent 5–8 h with PPE, and N-HCW spent 1–4 h with PPE/day. Respondents with dermatological problems before the pandemic were more aware of the maskne and paid more attention to hygiene with PPE. Significantly, HCW experienced more severe facial skin lesions than N-HCW (p < 0.0001). There was statistical significance in following the basic hygienic rules of wearing PPE between both groups, where HCW practiced them more. Conclusions Maskne is a current and urgent problem to be cured. HCW should receive help if they develop maskne, such as limited time spent in PPE and treatment of the results of wearing it, as it is the main trigger of developing maskne. In addition, education about the correct use and choice of PPE should be improved. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13555-022-00796-w.
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Piapan L, Bramuzzo D, Rui F, Larese Filon F. Incidence of skin diseases in healthcare workers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic at Trieste Hospitals (northeastern Italy). Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:492-499. [PMID: 36029142 PMCID: PMC9538059 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational skin diseases (OSDs) are common in healthcare workers (HCWs). OBJECTIVES To investigate and compare the incidence and clinical features of OSDs amongst HCWs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS & METHODS Incident cases of OSDs were investigated in the cohort of HCWs at Trieste Hospitals from July 1, 2018 (3340 workers) to October 31, 2021 (137,532 person-months). RESULTS The monthly incidence was ranging from 0 to 11.90 cases per 10,000 person-months in pre-COVID-19 period (cumulative incidence 4.22; 95%CI 2.9-6.0) and from 0 to 13.61 cases per 10,000 person-months in COVID-19 period (cumulative incidence 5.06; 95%CI 3.6-6.9). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) between COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 period was 1.22 (95% CI 0.73-1.98). The incidence of OSDs in the COVID-19 period was 6.1 (4.2-8.6) and 2.7 (95%CI 1.1-5.6) cases * 10,000 person-months for women and men, respectively with an IRR of 2.25 (95%CI 0.98-5.9). Incidence in nurses in the COVID-19 period was 6.7 (95%CI 4.2-10.2) cases * 10,000 person-months. CONCLUSIONS Incidence of OSDs was a little bit higher during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the previous period but fluctuation of numbers were mainly related to calendar period, with higher incidence in winter and spring. Incidence data were higher than that observed in 2004-2013 in the same cohort. Face dermatitis cases doubled after the start of COVID-19 pandemic. Overall data demonstrated a non-significant increase of OSDs in HCWs during the pandemic, probably due to the preventive strategies set up in our cohort over the years. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Piapan
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Bramuzzo
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Rui
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Vanessa M, Elia E, Federica V, Edoardo C, Chiara A, Francesca G, Paola S. Facial Dermatoses and Use of Protective Mask During Covid-19 Pandemic: A Clinical and Psychological Evaluation in Patients Affected by Moderate-Severe Atopic Dermatitis Under Treatment With Dupilumab. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15573. [PMID: 35535633 PMCID: PMC9347943 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the SARS‐COV‐2 pandemic, using face masks became mandatory in many countries. Although evidence suggests that masks can exacerbate several inflammatory skin diseases, few studies focus on their real impact on eczema localized to the face in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate facial eczema prevalence during pandemic and its psychological impact in AD patients pre‐assessed for systemic treatment and/or in therapy with dupilumab. This study includes 71 patients affected by moderate–severe AD, treated with dupilumab at SCDU of Dermatology in Novara, Italy. We calculated the number of subjects with facial involvement in pre‐ and post‐pandemic periods and the related localization trend. We evaluated, in the two groups, clinical and psychological indicators recorded at each visit and the score modifications during the observational period. No statistically significant differences were observed in facial eczema prevalence, between pre‐ and post‐pandemic periods (p = 0.7618) and in facial eczema remission among the two groups (p = 0.1903). In post‐pandemic period, psychological scores were significantly lower (DLQI and HADS respectively with p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0025) and the reduction in EASI score during observational period was significantly greater (p = 0.0001). Our analysis revealed a potential protective effect of masks on face eczema, suggesting that they could enhance dupilumab efficacy. Face masks, covering sensitive areas, can positively contribute to mental distress in patients with facial eczema, and being associated with a lower allergic diseases incidence may sustain dupilumab in reducing AD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazzoletti Vanessa
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, Italy
| | - Esposto Elia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, Italy
| | - Veronese Federica
- SCDU Dermatologia, AOU Maggiore della Carità, C.so Mazzini 18, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Airoldi Chiara
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, Italy
| | - Graziola Francesca
- SCDU Dermatologia, AOU Maggiore della Carità, C.so Mazzini 18, Novara, Italy
| | - Savoia Paola
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, Italy
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Cosansu NC, Yuksekal G, Kutlu O, Umaroglu M, Yaldız M, Dikicier BS. The Change in The Frequency and Severity of Facial Dermatoses and Complaints in Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:3200-3205. [PMID: 35509253 PMCID: PMC9347995 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has led to a dramatic increase in the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, the increased use of PPEs may lead to facial skin complaints. Aims This survey study aims to evaluate the effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on facial dermatoses and complaints. Methods A total of 1017 volunteers (age 18–60 years), consisting of healthcare workers, participated in the study. In the present study, healthcare professionals were screened for facial dermatoses and complaints between 1 and 15 April 2021 with an online survey. Results The vast majority of the survey were women (82.4%) and between 26 and 35 years old (49.2%). The most new‐onset facial complaints were acne (25.3%) and lip dryness (29.2%). Along with the pandemic, 50.9% of patients with seborrheic dermatitis had an increase in lesions. Another remarkable result was a 60.5% increase in acne complaints. Moreover, the rate of exacerbations of rosacea, melasma, and lip dryness was increased after the COVID‐19 pandemic (39.1%, 22.0%, and 42.7%, respectively). Exacerbations of seborrheic dermatitis, acne, and lip dryness have occurred more frequently in females when compared to males (p < 0.001). Conclusions The current pandemic has had serious impacts on facial dermatoses which had to be managed carefully. Compared to the pre‐pandemic period, there was a significant increase in the frequency and severity of complaints in facial dermatoses related to PPE. If the complaints that may develop due to PPE are known in advance, their development can be prevented by taking precautions against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Cihan Cosansu
- Sakarya University, Education and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Gulcan Yuksekal
- Yenikent State Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Omer Kutlu
- Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology
| | - Mutlu Umaroglu
- Sakarya University, Sakarya Medical Faculty, Department of Biostatistics, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mahizer Yaldız
- Sakarya University, Education and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Bahar Sevimli Dikicier
- Sakarya University, Education and Research Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Sakarya, Turkey
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Kawakami T, Obama T, Sakai S, Takagi M, Takahashi N, Oshima N, Tahara M, Ikarashi Y. Free formaldehyde in non-medical face masks purchased from the Japanese market since the COVID-19 outbreak. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:193-197. [PMID: 35240932 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2047560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began, people have been wearing face masks for many hours every day. As these face masks are in contact with the skin, it is important to pay more attention to their quality and safety. This study examined the concentration of free formaldehyde in 90 non-medical face masks and related products (33 nonwoven, 30 woven cloth, 12 polyurethane, and 15 related products) because formaldehyde is a common contact allergen in textile products. For products consisting of mixed materials, each material was sampled, resulting in 103 samples for analysis. Free formaldehyde (34-239 μg/g) was found in three cloth masks, which consisted of cotton and polyester, with antibacterial and antiviral labeling. It was confirmed that the detected formaldehyde originated from the mask-finishing treatment by a hydrochloric acid extraction discrimination test. These masks may elicit contact dermatitis if the consumers have already been sensitized to formaldehyde. However, the risk of contact dermatitis caused by formaldehyde in masks may be considered low since the frequency of formaldehyde detection in masks in Japan is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kawakami
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Obama
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinobu Sakai
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mihono Takagi
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsuko Takahashi
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naohiro Oshima
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maiko Tahara
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ikarashi
- Division of Environmental Chemistry, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
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Using face masks with spectacles versus contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101516. [PMID: 34607768 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that various subjective ocular and task-related parameters associated with wearing a face mask would be better in neophyte contact lens (CL) wear compared to habitual spectacle (Sp) wear. METHODS Thirty participants were randomised to continue in Sp (n = 15) or wear somofilcon A daily disposable CL (n = 15) ('group'). A surgical face mask (Type II R) was worn for at least one hour per day on four or more days per week. After two weeks, participants completed the Quality of Life Impact of Refractive Correction Questionnaire (QIRC), a two-part face mask usability questionnaire and graded ocular-related symptoms using 0-100 visual analogue scales. RESULTS There was no difference between groups for overall QIRC score but some individual question scores reflected better quality of life in the CL: 'outdoor activities', 'keep fit' and 'able to do things' (all p < 0.05). Differences in favour of the CL were seen for the following in the face mask usability questionnaire: 'breathing', 'heat', 'comfort on ears', 'overall comfort', 'walking', 'driving', 'reading', 'computer use', 'exercising' and 'socialising' (all p < 0.05). Significant differences were also seen for the 0-100 VAS symptoms probing vision quality in favour of the CL: glare, distance and near vision, fogging, restricted field of view and peripheral blur. CONCLUSION This work supports anecdotal reports that CL are a better vision correction option than Sp when used in conjunction with a face mask. Participants reported a range of benefits to the CL/face mask combination for vision-related symptoms, breathing and heat-related symptoms and a number of day-to-day activities including walking, driving and exercising. All of the benefits relating to the CL are likely to result in improved adherence to face mask use. Overall, the findings of this work suggest that where possible, CL should be the preferred vision correction option for people using face masks.
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