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Goryunova AV, Danilova LY, Shevchenko YS, Voronkova NA, Goryunov AV. [The clinic of autistic disorders at an early age]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:14-19. [PMID: 37942968 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312309214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study disorders of mental development and psychopathological symptoms in young children with autistic disorders of various origins. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two hundred and sixty-five children, aged 9 months to 4 years, (201 boys, 64 girls) with symptoms of autistic disorder were examined. The patients were divided into two age groups - the 1st group consisted of 36 children, aged 9 months to 2 years, the 2nd group consisted of 229 children from 2 years to 4 years. Psychopathological, neurological and clinical-dynamic methods were used, taking into account the results of consultations with a speech therapist, defectologist, psychologist. RESULTS The number of visits to a psychiatrist by parents of children older than two years becomes significantly higher - 13.6% (n=36) and 86.4% (n=112), respectively (p≤0.05), as well as the diagnosis of autistic disorder - 8.3% (n=3) and 16.2% (n=37) respectively, p≤0.05). In both age groups, the diagnosis of «Other general developmental disorders» (F84.8) was most often established, with a significant predominance in the younger group - 80.5% and 72%, respectively (p≤0.05). Characteristic symptoms-markers of autism for both age groups are highlighted. It is shown that the diagnoses of childhood autism, Kanner syndrome, exposed at the first treatment, were preserved in all patients after three years. By the age of four, it was possible to clarify the diagnosis in 32% of cases. At the same time, 68% of patients, aged 4 years, retained a clinically undifferentiated diagnosis of F84.8. CONCLUSION The study showed an increase in the diagnosis of autistic disorder during the first years of life. The necessity of increasing the knowledge of early-age psychiatry among specialists and the organization of a system of early detection, timely treatment and rehabilitation of autistic disorders in children of the first years of life in children's polyclinics is noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Goryunova
- Russian Medical Academy of Advanced Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - L Yu Danilova
- Russian Medical Academy of Advanced Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu S Shevchenko
- Russian Medical Academy of Advanced Professional Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Voronkova
- Sukhareva Research Practical Center of Children and Adolescents Mental Health, Moscow, Russia
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Zabirova KR, Gamirova RG, Gorobets EA, Gaynetdinova DD, Volgina SY. Features of neurological status in children with autism spectrum disorders. ROSSIYSKIY VESTNIK PERINATOLOGII I PEDIATRII (RUSSIAN BULLETIN OF PERINATOLOGY AND PEDIATRICS) 2022. [DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2022-67-5-153-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The article analyzes the features of the neurological status, characterizes group differences in motor functions in children with autism spectrum disorders depending on the presence and severity of delayed psychological and speech development.Material and methods. The analysis of data on the neurological status of children with autism spectrum disorders was based on 51 patients records for the period from 2016 to 2021; 43 boys (84%) and 8 girls (16%) aged 3 to 10 years. All patients were divided into 2 groups according to the criterion of the presence or absence of a severe delay in psychological and speech development. The first group included children with severe forms of delayed psychological and speech development — 23 (45%), the second — 28 (55%) patients with mild forms or without delayed psychological and speech development.Results. The children in the first group were characterized by the predominance of diffuse muscular hypotension (96%); stereotypies manifested in movements looking like «wings» (22%), other stereotyped movements (48%); disorders such as echolalia, ataxia, pyramidal insufficiency syndrome, and strabismus were equally common in both groups.Conclusion. Analysis of the data showed the predominance of several neurological disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders who have a severe delay in psychological and speech development and made it possible to identify neurological characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorders regardless of the level of psychological and speech development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. G. Gamirova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University;
Children’s City Hospital No. 8
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Shen Y, Li N, Sun S, Dong L, Wang Y, Chang L, Zhang X, Wang F. Non-invasive, targeted, and non-viral ultrasound-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasmid delivery for treatment of autism in a rat model. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:986571. [PMID: 36117626 PMCID: PMC9475200 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.986571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism has clinical manifestations such as social interaction disorder, speech and intellectual development disorder, narrow interest range, and stereotyped and repetitive behavior, all of which bring considerable economic and mental burden to society and families, and represent a public health problem requiring urgent attention. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in supporting survival, differentiation, growth, and synapse formation of neurons and participates in the plasticity of nerves. However, it is difficult for BDNF to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) due to its large molecular weight. Low-frequency focused ultrasound (FUS) combined with microbubbles (MBs) has been demonstrated to be a promising method for opening the BBB non-invasively, transiently, and locally. Here, we studied the therapeutic effect of FUS combined with BDNF plasmid-loaded cationic microbubbles (BDNFp-CMBs) in a rat model of autism. BDNF-CMBs were prepared and the transfection efficiency of FUS combined with BDNF-CMBs was tested in vitro. A rat model of autism was established from the juvenile male offspring of Sprague-Dawley (SD) pregnant rats treated with sodium valproate (VPA) solution through intraperitoneal injection. The autism rats were randomized into three groups: the VPA group, which received no treatment, the BDNFp group, which was treated by injection of BDNFp, and the FUS + BDNFp-CMBs group, which was administered FUS combined with BDNFp-CMBs. Age-matched normal rats served as the control group (Con). Following treatment, stereotyped, exploratory, and social–behavioral tests were performed on the animals in each group. The rat brains were then collected for subsequent histological examination, and the changes in synaptic structures in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were detected under transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the constructed BDNFp could be loaded onto CMBs with high loading efficiency. The BDNFp-CMBs prepared in this study showed good stability in vivo. FUS combined BDNFp-CMBs could effectively and non-invasively open the BBB of rats. The stereotyped, exploratory, and social behaviors of the FUS + BDNFp-CMBs group were significantly improved. Compared to the VPA group, the abnormality of neuronal morphology and number in the PFC of the FUS + BDNFp-CMBs was alleviated to a certain extent and was accompanied by restoration of the damaged synapses in the encephalic region. Our work demonstrates the positive therapeutic effect of BDNF delivered by FUS non-invasively across the BBB into the PFC in a rat model of autism, offering a potential strategy for treating autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Health Science Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nana Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shuneng Sun
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Health Science Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongling Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liansheng Chang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Liansheng Chang,
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Health Science Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Xinyu Zhang,
| | - Feng Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Feng Wang,
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Gutkevich E, Pustovaya A, Shushpanova O, Chelysheva L, Simashkova N. Clinical and Neuropsychological Features of Subcortical Structures Cerebral Organization in the Development of Autism Spectrum Mental Disorders in Children. КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ И СПЕЦИАЛЬНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ 2022. [DOI: 10.17759/cpse.2022110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The article deals with the peculiarities of the cerebral organization of subcortical structures in children with autism spectrum disorders. The study involved 48 children aged from 3 to 8 years (M=5.75; SD=2.61) having ICD-10 diagnoses F84.0, F84.1, F84.5. All children underwent registration of acoustic evoked brainstem potentials and neuropsychological examination. The relationship of the indicators of acoustic evoked potentials of the brain stem with the functioning of different blocks of the brain was established: the block of cortical tone and the brain energy block (Block I), the block of reception, processing and storage of exteroceptive information (Block II), the block of programming, regulation and control of the course of mental activity (Block III). For children with difficulties in activation and energy components of activity, perception of auditory information by subcortical structures of the brain causes certain difficulties (difficulties in work of the I block of the brain). Children with difficulties in right hemispheric holistic information processing strategy and a high level of its development are characterized by a reduced level of control over the course of thought activity, with difficulties in automating thinking and speech and difficulties in coordinating movements (difficulties in the work of Block II of the brain). The identified features of the cerebral organization of the processes of perception of auditory information and processes of mental activity in children with autism spectrum disorders are manifested in disorders of the course of thought activity, the function of peripheral receptors and conduction pathways to the cortical centers of the auditory analyzer, in a lowered level of control over the auditory analyzer. In connection with these processes there are difficulties with automatization of thinking and speech, coordination of movements in children.
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Goryunova A, Goryunov A. Classification metamorphoses of autism in child psychiatry. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:5-11. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20211211125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Simashkova NV, Ivanov MV, Makushkin EV, Sharlay IA, Klyushnik TP, Kozlovskaya GV. [Screening of the risk of mental and developmental disorders in children of early age in the Russian population (2017-2019)]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 120:79-86. [PMID: 33340302 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012011179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Screening of children 18-48 months of age at risk of mental and developmental disorders in the general population. MATERIAL AND METHODS The survey was conducted by a continuous epidemiological method in primary health care institutions in the nine largest regions of Russia. For the period 2017-2019, 595 691 parents of children, aged 18-48 months, were surveyed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The prevalence risk rate for mental and developmental disorders was determined as 1.307:10 000. The prevalence rate for mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10) was 151:10 000. The analysis of the structure of mental and behavioural disorders was carried out. An increase in cases of pervasive developmental disorders (item F84) was detected - autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with an increase in the age of children. The prevalence of ASD under the age of 48 months was found to be 18:10 000, compared with 2015-2016 - 5:10 000 under the age of 24 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M V Ivanov
- Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Makushkin
- Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Sharlay
- Department of Medical Care for Children and Maternity Services, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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Kaida AI, Eismont EV, Mikhailova AA, Pavlenko VB. EEG sensorimotor rhythms in children with autism spectrum disorders. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2020.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the currently assumed causes of impaired social interaction exhibited by children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is dysfunction of the mirror neuron system (MNS), which is responsible for imitation, understanding the intentions and emotions of other people. Desynchronization of sensorimotor rhythms is considered to be the indicator of MNS activation. This study aimed to analyze the specific patterns of reactivity of the μ-rhythm in an individually determined frequency range and β-rhythm on the EEG in children with ASD during independent movements, observation, imitation and auditory perception of similar movements performed by another person. The data collected were compared to those describing normally developing children. The study involved right-handed children with ASD aged 5–10 (n = 10) and normally developing children (n = 10). In the independent movements exercise, β-rhythm desynchronization was more pronounced in children with ASD, with difference becoming significant in the P4 locus (p = 0.03). In the movements imitation exercise, the groups showed significant differences in the EEG μ-rhythm in the locus C3 (p = 0.03). Auditory perception of movements revealed significant differences in the ranges of both μ-rhythm (loci F3 and Fz (p = 0.02), F4 (p = 0.04), Cz (p = 0.009)) and β-rhythm (loci Fz (p = 0.01), F4 (p = 0.02)). In these situations, children with ASD exhibited synchronization of sensorimotor rhythms, while normally developing children showed desynchronization. The assumption is that the specific patterns revealed are the consequences of disruption of functions of MNS and anti-mirror system. The data obtained can be used in development of EEG biofeedback training protocols for children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- AI Kaida
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - EV Eismont
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - AA Mikhailova
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
| | - VB Pavlenko
- V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
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Zavadenko NN, Davydova LA. [Neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm-born children (with extremely low, very low or low body weight)]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2020; 119:12-19. [PMID: 31994509 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911912112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the incidence of neurological diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders in preterm-born children, aged 5-8 years, with extremely low (ELBW), very low (VLBW) or low body weight (LBW) at birth. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-two preterm-born children, including 36 born with ELBW, 36 born with VLBW and 50 born with LBW, were examined in the age from 5 years 0 months to 8 years 0 months. Presenting complaints were assessed by means of the structured parents' questionnaire. Diagnosis of the nervous system diseases was based on the criteria of ICD-10 and DSM-V. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Based on the assessment results, there was no any neurological or neurodevelopmental disorder in 8.3% (n=3) of children with ELBW, 16.7% (n=6) with VLBW, 22.0% (n=11) with LBW at birth. Compared to the general pediatric population, more preterm-born children with ELBW, VLBW or LBW, aged 5-8 years, had developmental dyspraxia, chronic motor tics, tension type headaches and enuresis. Moreover, the higher incidence was found for neurodevelopmental disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, specific learning disabilities, compared with population rates. All conditions were more prevalent in boys than in girls, with the exception of tension type headaches. The frequency of disorders was inversely correlated with gestational age and body weight. However, the results demonstrate reserve capacities of the developing brain in children born preterm and suffered early brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N Zavadenko
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of RF, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Davydova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of RF, Moscow, Russia
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