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Aljuhani A, Alsehli M, Seleem MA, Alraqa SY, Ahmed HEA, Rezki N, Aouad MR. Exploring of N-phthalimide-linked 1,2,3-triazole analogues with promising -anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity: synthesis, biological screening, and molecular modelling studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2351861. [PMID: 38847308 PMCID: PMC11164105 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2351861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a library of phthalimide Schiff base linked to 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles was designed, synthesised, and characterised by different spectral analyses. All analogues have been introduced for in vitro assay of their antiviral activity against COVID-19 virus using Vero cell as incubator with different concentrations. The data revealed most of these derivatives showed potent cellular anti-COVID-19 activity and prevent viral growth by more than 90% at two different concentrations with no or weak cytotoxic effect on Vero cells. Furthermore, in vitro assay was done against this enzyme for all analogues and the results showed two of them have IC50 data by 90 µM inhibitory activity. An extensive molecular docking simulation was run to analyse their antiviral mechanism that found the proper non-covalent interaction within the Mpro protease enzyme. Finally, we profiled two reversible inhibitors, COOH and F substituted analogues that might be promising drug candidates for further development have been discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosa Alsehli
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Seleem
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr, City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaya Y. Alraqa
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany E. A. Ahmed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr, City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadjet Rezki
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed R. Aouad
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
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Fernandes GFS, Lopes JR, Dos Santos JL, Scarim CB. Phthalimide as a versatile pharmacophore scaffold: Unlocking its diverse biological activities. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1346-1375. [PMID: 37492986 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phthalimide, a pharmacophore exhibiting diverse biological activities, holds a prominent position in medicinal chemistry. In recent decades, numerous derivatives of phthalimide have been synthesized and extensively studied for their therapeutic potential across a wide range of health conditions. This comprehensive review highlights the latest developments in medicinal chemistry, specifically focusing on phthalimide-based compounds that have emerged within the last decade. These compounds showcase promising biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, antiepileptic, antischizophrenia, antiplatelet, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antimycobacterial, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties. The physicochemical profiles of the phthalimide derivatives were carefully analyzed using the online platform pkCSM, revealing the remarkable versatility of this scaffold. Therefore, this review emphasizes the potential of phthalimide as a valuable scaffold for the development of novel therapeutic agents, providing avenues for the exploration and design of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliana R Lopes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean L Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cauê B Scarim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Askarzadeh M, Azizian H, Adib M, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Mojtabavi S, Faramarzi MA, Sajjadi-Jazi SM, Larijani B, Hamedifar H, Mahdavi M. Design, synthesis, in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition, docking, and molecular dynamics of new phthalimide-benzenesulfonamide hybrids for targeting type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10569. [PMID: 35732907 PMCID: PMC9217978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a new series of 14 novel phthalimide-benzenesulfonamide derivatives 4a-n were synthesized, and their inhibitory activity against yeast α-glucosidase was screened. The obtained results indicated that most of the newly synthesized compounds showed prominent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. Among them, 4-phenylpiperazin derivative 4m exhibited the strongest inhibition with the IC50 value of 52.2 ± 0.1 µM. Enzyme kinetic study of compound 4m proved that its inhibition mode was competitive and Ki value of this compound was calculated to be 52.7 µM. In silico induced fit docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed to further investigate the interaction, orientation, and conformation of the target compounds over the active site of α-glucosidase. Obtained date of these studies demonstrated that our new compounds interacted as well with the α-glucosidase active site with the acceptable binding energies. Furthermore, in silico druglikeness/ADME/Toxicity studies of compound 4m were performed and predicted that this compound is druglikeness and has good ADME and toxicity profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Askarzadeh
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Azizian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Adib
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mojtabavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faramarzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pourakbar L, Moghaddam SS, Enshasy HAE, Sayyed RZ. Antifungal Activity of the Extract of a Macroalgae, Gracilariopsis persica, against Four Plant Pathogenic Fungi. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091781. [PMID: 34579314 PMCID: PMC8467150 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the extract of seaweeds has drawn attention as a rich source of bioactive metabolites. Seaweeds are known for their biologically active compounds whose antibacterial and antifungal activities have been documented. This research aimed to study the profile of phenolic compounds using the HPLC method and determine biologically active compounds using the GC-MS method and the antifungal activity of Gracilariopsis persica against plant pathogenic fungi. G. persica was collected from its natural habitat in Suru of Bandar Abbas, Iran, dried, and extracted by methanol. The quantitative results on phenolic compounds using the HPLC method showed that the most abundant compounds in G. persica were rosmarinic acid (20.9 ± 0.41 mg/kg DW) and quercetin (11.21 ± 0.20 mg/kg DW), and the least abundant was cinnamic acid (1.4 ± 0.10 mg/kg DW). The GC-MS chromatography revealed 50 peaks in the methanolic extract of G. persica, implying 50 compounds. The most abundant components included cholest-5-en-3-ol (3 beta) (27.64%), palmitic acid (17.11%), heptadecane (7.71%), and palmitic acid methyl ester (6.66%). The antifungal activity of different concentrations of the extract was determined in vitro. The results as to the effect of the alga extract at the rates of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μL on the mycelial growth of four important plant pathogenic fungi, including Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium expansum, and Pyricularia oryzae, revealed that the mycelial growth of all four fungi was lower at higher concentrations of the alga extract. However, the extract concentration of 1000 μL completely inhibited their mycelial growth. The antifungal activity of this alga may be related to the phenolic compounds, e.g., rosmarinic acid and quercetin, as well as compounds such as palmitic acid, oleic acid, and other components identified using the GC-MS method whose antifungal effects have already been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifeh Pourakbar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
- Correspondence:
| | - Sina Siavash Moghaddam
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran;
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia;
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s, Arts, Science & Commerce College, Shahada 425409, India;
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Irving C, Floreancig JT, Laulhé S. Amide Synthesis through the In Situ Generation of Chloro- and Imido-Phosphonium Salts. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15734-15745. [PMID: 32637849 PMCID: PMC7331200 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a methodology for the amidation of carboxylic acids by generating phosphonium salts in situ from N-chlorophthalimide and triphenylphosphine. Aliphatic, benzylic, and aromatic carboxylic acids can be transformed into their amide counter parts using primary and secondary amines. This functional group interconversion is achieved at room temperature in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic work shows the in situ formation of chloro- and imido-phosphonium salts that react as activating agents for carboxylic acids and generate an acyloxy-phosphonium species.
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Ahmed HEA, El-Nassag MAA, Hassan AH, Okasha RM, Ihmaid S, Fouda AM, Afifi TH, Aljuhani A, El-Agrody AM. Introducing novel potent anticancer agents of 1H-benzo[f]chromene scaffolds, targeting c-Src kinase enzyme with MDA-MB-231 cell line anti-invasion effect. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1074-1088. [PMID: 29923425 PMCID: PMC6022228 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1476503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In our effort to develop novel and powerful agents with anti-proliferative activity, two new series of 1H-benzo[f]chromene derivatives, 4a–h and 6a–h, were synthesised using heterocyclocondensation methodologies under microwave irradiation condition. The structures of the target compounds were established on the basis of their spectral data, IR, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, 13 C NMR-DEPT/APT, and MS data. The new compounds have been examined for their anti-proliferative activity against three cancer cell lines, MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG-2. Vinblastine and Doxorubicin have been used as positive controls in the viability assay. The obtained results confirmed that most of the tested molecules revealed strong and selective cytotoxic activity against the three cancer cell lines. Moreover, these molecules exhibited weak cytotoxicity on the HFL-1 line, which suggested that they might be ideal anticancer candidates. The SAR study of the new benzochromene compounds verified that the substituents on the phenyl ring of 1H-benzo[f]chromene nucleus, accompanied with the presence of bromine atom or methoxy group at the 8-position, increases the ability of these molecules against the different cell lines. Due to their high anti-proliferative activity, compounds 4c and 6e were selected to be examined their proficiency to inhibit the invasiveness of the highly sensitive and invasive breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. The anti-invasion behaviour of these molecules against the highly sensitive, non-oestrogen, and progesterone MDA-MB-231 cell line gave rise to their decreasing metastatic effect compared to the reference drug. Furthermore, this report explores the apoptotic mechanistic pathway of the cytotoxicity of the target compounds and reveals that most of these compounds enhance the Caspase 3/7 activity that could be considered as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E A Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmacy College, Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Taibah University , Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah , Saudi Arabia.,b Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohammed A A El-Nassag
- c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt.,d Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Hassan
- c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt.,d Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawda M Okasha
- e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Taibah University , Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Ihmaid
- a Department of Pharmacy College, Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Taibah University , Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Fouda
- f Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek H Afifi
- e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Taibah University , Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ateyatallah Aljuhani
- e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Taibah University , Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M El-Agrody
- c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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