1
|
Grignon M, Bai Y. A cross-sectional analysis of the association between social capital and willingness to get COVID-19 vaccine in Ontario, Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2023; 114:175-184. [PMID: 36752981 PMCID: PMC9907866 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examine the role of social capital in intention to take the vaccine at the end of the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This study uses observational, cross-sectional data from the Ontario sample of the fall 2020 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), a representative sample of the population with added questions relative to symptoms of COVID-19 and intentions to get vaccinated. Questions on social capital were asked to respondents from Ontario only, yielding a sample of 6516. Odds ratios (OR) and marginal effects at sample mean of an index of social capital (at the individual or aggregated level) on changes in intentions to get vaccinated are estimated from logistic regression models. RESULTS Individual-level social capital is associated with greater willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19 (OR 1.09). Associations with aggregated-level social capital are less precisely estimated. Associations are the same for both males and females but vary across age categories: individual-level social capital is associated with higher willingness to get vaccinated among working-age respondents, but aggregate-level social capital is associated with higher willingness to get vaccinated among older adults. CONCLUSION Vaccine hesitancy is not a random phenomenon, nor is it explained by individual characteristics such as education or income only. It also reflects the state of the social environment in which individuals live and public health messaging should take this into account if it is to be successful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Grignon
- Department of Economics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Yihong Bai
- Department of Economics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
School immunization coverage in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective cohort study. Vaccine 2023; 41:1333-1341. [PMID: 36642632 PMCID: PMC9826994 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on immunization coverage for adolescents, and little is known about how coverage has changed throughout the pandemic. We aimed to: (1) assess the change in coverage for school-based vaccines in Alberta, Canada resulting from the pandemic; (2) determine whether coverage differed by geographic health zone and school type; and (3) ascertain whether coverage has returned to pre-pandemic levels. METHODS Using a retrospective cohort design, we used administrative health data to compare coverage for human papillomavirus (HPV) and meningococcal conjugate A, C, Y, W-135 (MenC-ACYW) vaccines between pre-pandemic (2017-2018 school year) and pandemic (2019-2020 and 2020-2021 school years) cohorts (N = 289,420). Coverage was also compared by health zone and authority type. The 2019-2020 cohort was followed over one year to assess catch-up. RESULTS Compared to 2017-2018, immunization coverage for HPV was significantly lower in the 2019-2020 (absolute difference: 60.8%; 95% CI: 60.4-61.3%) and 2020-2021 cohorts (absolute difference: 59.9%; 95% CI: 59.4-60.3%). There was a smaller, significant decline in MenC-ACYW coverage comparing 2017-2018 to 2019-2020 (absolute difference: 6.1%; 95% CI: 5.6-6.5%) and 2020-2021 (absolute difference: 32.2%; 95% CI: 31.6-32.7%). Private schools had low coverage overall, while coverage fluctuated by zone. During follow-up of the 2019-2020 cohort, coverage for HPV and MenC-ACYW increased from 5.6% to 50.2%, and 80.7% to 83.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION There was a substantial decrease in school-based immunization coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic, and coverage has not returned to pre-pandemic levels, suggesting further catch-up is needed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kaya E, Özdemir M, Üçer H, Koçyiğit BF. YOUTUBE AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 VACCINE. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS 2022. [DOI: 10.47316/cajmhe.2022.3.3.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: YouTube is a very important source of information. The videos in YouTube provide a message with information. The purpose of this article was to assess the main message of available materials about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines on YouTube.
Methods: In this study, the four search terms "COVID-19 vaccine", "COVID-19 vaccination", "Coronavirus vaccine", "Coronavirus vaccination" were scanned on the YouTube (www.youtube.com) media platform on 9 February 2021. We examined video parameters i.e., durations, view counts, likes, dislikes, comments, messages and sources of the 83 videos about COVID-19 vaccine.
Results: The messages were defined as 52 (62.6%) positive, 12 (14.5%) negative, and 17 (20.5%) ambiguous about getting vaccinated. Significant differences were determined between the message category groups in respect of the like ratio (p = 0.014). Positive group videos were less liked.
Conclusion: More negative messages about the COVID-19 vaccine were found in media-sourced videos. Negative and ambiguous videos were more attractive to YouTube users. Scientists, policymakers, and community leaders should play a role in disseminating information about COVID-19 vaccine and vaccination.
Collapse
|
4
|
Wong CH, Zhong CC, Chung VC, Nilsen P, Wong EL, Yeoh EK. Barriers and Facilitators to Receiving the COVID-19 Vaccination and Development of Theoretically-Informed Implementation Strategies for the Public: Qualitative Study in Hong Kong. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050764. [PMID: 35632520 PMCID: PMC9143598 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: enhancing uptake of COVID-19 vaccines is an important tool for managing the pandemic. However, in Hong Kong, the COVID-19 vaccination rate in the general population was unsatisfactory during the early phase of the vaccination program. This two-part study aimed to (i) identify barriers and facilitators to receiving vaccinations, and (ii) develop theoretically-informed implementation strategies for promoting uptake. Methods: in part 1, 45 Hong Kong residents who differed in their willingness to vaccinate (willing (n = 15), were unwilling (n = 15), and were hesitant (n = 15)), were interviewed individually in February 2021. They were invited to express their perceptions of receiving the COVID-19 vaccination. The theoretical domains framework (TDF) was applied to guide the interviews and analyses. Behavioral diagnoses from these findings were then used to develop theoretically-informed implementation strategies in part 2, composed of behavior change techniques (BCTs) informed by the established BCT taxonomy. Results: in part 1, the five main barriers were (i) concerns on severe and long-term side effects; (ii) low confidence in the safety and effectiveness due to concerns of their accelerated development; (iii) unclear information on logistical arrangements of the vaccination program; (iv) insufficient data on safety and effectiveness; and (v) perceived low protection ability conferred by the vaccines. The five main facilitators included (i) healthcare professionals’ recommendations; (ii) news from TV, radio, and newspapers as main sources of trustworthy information; (iii) vaccine-related health education delivered by healthcare professionals; (iv) expectations of resuming to a normal social life; and (v) perceived benefits outweighing risks of mild and short-term side effects. Conclusions: seven implementation strategies were developed in part 2 based on the results above, namely (i) providing trustworthy vaccine-related information and scaling up the promotion; (ii) encouraging healthcare professionals to recommend vaccinations; (iii) giving incentives; (iv) using social influence approaches; (v) allowing a selection of COVID-19 vaccine brands; (vi) increasing accessibility for vaccinations; and (vii) emphasizing social responsibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlene Hl Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong; (C.H.W.); (C.C.Z.)
| | - Claire Cw Zhong
- Faculty of Medicine, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong; (C.H.W.); (C.C.Z.)
| | - Vincent Ch Chung
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong; (E.L.W.); (E.-k.Y.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-22528453; Fax: +852-26453098
| | - Per Nilsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Eliza Ly Wong
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong; (E.L.W.); (E.-k.Y.)
| | - Eng-kiong Yeoh
- Centre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong; (E.L.W.); (E.-k.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Popova AY, Andreeva EE, Babura EA, Balakhonov SV, Bashketova NS, Bulanov MV, Valeullina NN, Goryaev DV, Detkovskaya NN, Ezhlova EB, Zaitseva NN, Istorik OA, Kovalchuk IV, Kozlovskikh DN, Kombarova SV, Kurganova OP, Kutyrev VV, Lomovtsev AE, Lukicheva LA, Lyalina LV, Melnikova AA, Mikailova OM, Noskov AK, Noskova LN, Oglezneva EE, Osmolovskay TP, Patyashina MA, Penkovskaya NA, Samoilova LV, Smirnov VS, Stepanova TF, Trotsenko OE, Totolyan AA. Features of developing SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein population-based seroprevalence during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Russian Federation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2021. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-fod-1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, dubbed COVID-19, has become one of the most serious challenges for human populations in the vast majority of countries worldwide. Rapid spreading and increased mortality related to it required new approaches to manage epidemic processes on a global scale. One of such approaches was based on analyzing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence associated with COVID-19. Our aim was to summarize the results on assessing seroprevalence to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antigen (Nc) in residents from 26 regions of the Russian Federation, carried out during the first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic.Materials and methods. Seroprevalence distribution was examined in 26 model regions of the Russian Federation according to the unified method developed by the Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the Federal State Institution Saint Petersburg Pasteur Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Such approach implied formation of a group of volunteer subjects in model geographic region who were tested by ELISA for anti-Nc serum antibody level in peripheral blood. Analyzed primary data obtained in separate regions were either accepted for publication or released.Results. The current paper finalizes the data obtained in all 26 regions of the Russian Federation. The total SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was 19.5 (10.0–25.6)% with the maximum and minimum value found in the Kaliningrad Region and the Republic of Crimea, respectively (50.2% vs. 4.3%). A pattern of age-related seroprevalence distribution indicates insignificant predominance of seroprevalence among subjects of 1–17 years old: 22.1 (13.1–31.8)%. Among COVID-19 convalescents positive for SARS-CoV Nc antibodies it reached 60.0 (40.0–73.3)%. The number of contact persons comprised 6285 subjects or 8.5% of total volunteer cohort, with the level of seroprevalence reaching up to 25.3 (17.95–35.8)%. A direct correlation was revealed between levels of seroprevalence in convalescent and contact volunteers. In addition, the reproductive number for SARS-CoV was calculated comprising 5.8 (4.3–8.5) suggesting that one convalescent subject can infect at least 4 healthy individuals. A high level of asymptomatic forms of COVID-19 among seropositive subjects was confirmed empirically comprising up to 93.6 (87.1–94.9)%.Conclusion. A single cross-sectional study performed during 2020 June–August timeframe allowed to assess pattern of sex- and agerelated COVID-19 seroprevalence for general population in 26 Russian Federation regions. The data obtained may serve as a basis for the longitudinal cohort investigation with serial subject sampling. The timing and duration of study will be determined by dynamics of ongoing COVID-19 epidemic.
Collapse
|
6
|
Williams I, Essue B, Nouvet E, Sandman L, Razavi SD, Noorulhuda M, Goold S, Danis M, Biemba G, Abelson J, Kapiriri L. Priority setting during the COVID-19 pandemic: going beyond vaccines. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e004686. [PMID: 33461979 PMCID: PMC7816921 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iestyn Williams
- Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Beverley Essue
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elysee Nouvet
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lars Sandman
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - S Donya Razavi
- Department of Health, Aging and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariam Noorulhuda
- Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Goold
- Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marion Danis
- Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Godfrey Biemba
- National Health Research Authority and Public Health, Lusaka Apex Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Julia Abelson
- Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lydia Kapiriri
- Department of Health, Aging and Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
MacDonald NE, Comeau J, Dubé È, Graham J, Greenwood M, Harmon S, McElhaney J, Meghan McMurtry C, Middleton A, Steenbeek A, Taddio A. Royal society of Canada COVID-19 report: Enhancing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Canada. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance exists on a continuum from a minority who strongly oppose vaccination, to the “moveable middle” heterogeneous group with varying uncertainty levels about acceptance or hesitancy, to the majority who state willingness to be vaccinated. Intention for vaccine acceptance varies over time. COVID-19 vaccination decisions are influenced by many factors including knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs; social networks; communication environment; COVID-19 community rate; cultural and religious influences; ease of access; and the organization of health and community services and policies. Reflecting vaccine acceptance complexity, the Royal Society of Canada Working Group on COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance developed a framework with four major factor domains that influence vaccine acceptance (people, communities, health care workers; immunization knowledge; health care and public health systems including federal/provincial/territorial/indigenous factors)—each influencing the others and all influenced by education, infection control, extent of collaborations, and communications about COVID-19 immunization. The Working Group then developed 37 interrelated recommendations to support COVID vaccine acceptance nested under four categories of responsibility: 1. People and Communities, 2. Health Care Workers, 3. Health Care System and Local Public Health Units, and 4. Federal/Provincial/Territorial/Indigenous. To optimize outcomes, all must be engaged to ensure co-development and broad ownership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noni E. MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jeannette Comeau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ève Dubé
- Scientific Group on Immunization at the Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Janice Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Margo Greenwood
- School of Education, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
- Department of First Nations Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
- National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Shawn Harmon
- Department of Pediatrics, Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Janet McElhaney
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - C. Meghan McMurtry
- Pediatric Pain, Health and Communication Lab (PPHC), University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Clinical and Health Psychologist with the Pediatric Chronic Pain Program, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Alan Middleton
- Schulich Executive Education Centre, York University, North York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Audrey Steenbeek
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Anna Taddio
- Clinical Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|