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MacDonald NE, Comeau J, Dubé È, Graham J, Greenwood M, Harmon S, McElhaney J, Meghan McMurtry C, Middleton A, Steenbeek A, Taddio A. Royal society of Canada COVID-19 report: Enhancing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Canada. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2021-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine acceptance exists on a continuum from a minority who strongly oppose vaccination, to the “moveable middle” heterogeneous group with varying uncertainty levels about acceptance or hesitancy, to the majority who state willingness to be vaccinated. Intention for vaccine acceptance varies over time. COVID-19 vaccination decisions are influenced by many factors including knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs; social networks; communication environment; COVID-19 community rate; cultural and religious influences; ease of access; and the organization of health and community services and policies. Reflecting vaccine acceptance complexity, the Royal Society of Canada Working Group on COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance developed a framework with four major factor domains that influence vaccine acceptance (people, communities, health care workers; immunization knowledge; health care and public health systems including federal/provincial/territorial/indigenous factors)—each influencing the others and all influenced by education, infection control, extent of collaborations, and communications about COVID-19 immunization. The Working Group then developed 37 interrelated recommendations to support COVID vaccine acceptance nested under four categories of responsibility: 1. People and Communities, 2. Health Care Workers, 3. Health Care System and Local Public Health Units, and 4. Federal/Provincial/Territorial/Indigenous. To optimize outcomes, all must be engaged to ensure co-development and broad ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noni E. MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Jeannette Comeau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Dalhousie University and IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ève Dubé
- Scientific Group on Immunization at the Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anthropology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Janice Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - Margo Greenwood
- School of Education, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
- Department of First Nations Studies, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
- National Collaborating Centre for Indigenous Health, Prince George, BC V2N 4Z9, Canada
| | - Shawn Harmon
- Department of Pediatrics, Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Janet McElhaney
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - C. Meghan McMurtry
- Pediatric Pain, Health and Communication Lab (PPHC), University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Clinical and Health Psychologist with the Pediatric Chronic Pain Program, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Alan Middleton
- Schulich Executive Education Centre, York University, North York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Audrey Steenbeek
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Anna Taddio
- Clinical Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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Masoudi S, Harmon S, Mehralivand S, Walker S, Ning H, Choyke P, Turkbey B, Citrin D. Cross Modality Domain Adaptation To Generate Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Images From Computed Tomography Simulation For More Accurate Prostate Delineation In Radiotherapy Treatment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Xu S, Levy E, Yan P, Amalou A, Harmon S, Cero C, Zhu K, Lea H, Cypess A, Wood B. Abstract No. 609 Artificial intelligence–assisted multimodality image fusion in image-guided biopsy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Horn A, Smith C, Harmon S, Ning H, Pomper M, Schott E, Cooley-Zgela T, Choyke P, Mena Gonzalez E, Turkbey B, Citrin D, Lindenberg L, Rowe L. Evaluating Patterns of Prostate Cancer Recurrence on 18F-DCFBC PET/CT Imaging in Relationship to RTOG Consensus Post-prostatectomy and Pelvic Lymph Node Treatment Volumes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Smith C, Chaurasia A, Harmon S, Rowe L, Greer M, Valle L, Choyke P, Citrin D, Turkbey B. Associations between MRI Findings and Urinary Tract Symptoms after IMRT for Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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MacDonald NE, Harmon S, Dube E, Taylor B, Steenbeek A, Crowcroft N, Graham J. Is physician dismissal of vaccine refusers an acceptable practice in Canada? A 2018 overview. Paediatr Child Health 2018; 24:92-97. [PMID: 30996599 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite robust evidence that routine immunization is effective and safe, some parents refuse some or all vaccines for their children. In 2007, concern that Canadian paediatricians and family physicians might be considering dismissal of vaccine refusers from their practices prompted an ethical, legal, and public health analysis which concluded that dismissal was professionally problematic. We now reassess this important issue in the Canadian context updating ethical, legal, and public health considerations highlighting changes since 2007. In light of the recent strengthening of Ontario's school immunization requirements that include stiffer steps to qualify for a medical, conscience, or religious belief exemption, physicians and health care workers may be under more pressure from vaccine refusers in their practice leading some to contemplate dismissal or even consider no longer offering immunizations at all in their practice. Given the challenges that vaccine refusers may present, we offer an overview for managing vaccine refusal by parents/patients in a medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noni E MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Shawn Harmon
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia.,JK Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and Law, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eve Dube
- Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec and Université Laval, Québec, Québec
| | - Beth Taylor
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Audrey Steenbeek
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Natasha Crowcroft
- Public Health Ontario, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto, Toronto Ontario
| | - Janice Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia.,Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
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MacDonald NE, Harmon S, Dube E, Steenbeek A, Crowcroft N, Opel DJ, Faour D, Leask J, Butler R. Mandatory infant & childhood immunization: Rationales, issues and knowledge gaps. Vaccine 2018; 36:5811-5818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Popat S, Whatley S, O’Connor R, Brown A, Harmon S. Bodily Extensions and Performance. Int J Perform Arts Digit Media 2017; 13:101-104. [PMID: 29226918 PMCID: PMC5720339 DOI: 10.1080/14794713.2017.1358525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Morrison M, Bell J, George C, Harmon S, Munsie M, Kaye J. The European General Data Protection Regulation: challenges and considerations for iPSC researchers and biobanks. Regen Med 2017; 12:693-703. [PMID: 28976812 PMCID: PMC5857917 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and their associated genetic and clinical information are being used in a wide range of applications, with large biobanks being established to support and increase their scientific use. The new European General Data Protection Regulations, which comes into effect in 2018, will have implications for biobanks that generate, store and allow research access to iPSC. This paper describes some of the challenges that iPSC biobanks face and suggests some points for the development of appropriate governance structures to address these new requirements. These suggestions also have implications for iPSC research in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Morrison
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, HeLEX – Center for Health, Law & Emerging Technologies, University of Oxford, Ewert House, Ewert Place, Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7DD, UK
| | - Jessica Bell
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, HeLEX – Center for Health, Law & Emerging Technologies, University of Oxford, Ewert House, Ewert Place, Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7DD, UK
- Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Carol George
- School of Law, Kenyon Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences & Law, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Shawn Harmon
- School of Law, Kenyon Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences & Law, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Megan Munsie
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Stem Cells Center for Stem Cell Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jane Kaye
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, HeLEX – Center for Health, Law & Emerging Technologies, University of Oxford, Ewert House, Ewert Place, Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 7DD, UK
- Melbourne Law School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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De Sousa PA, Steeg R, Wachter E, Bruce K, King J, Hoeve M, Khadun S, McConnachie G, Holder J, Kurtz A, Seltmann S, Dewender J, Reimann S, Stacey G, O'Shea O, Chapman C, Healy L, Zimmermann H, Bolton B, Rawat T, Atkin I, Veiga A, Kuebler B, Serano BM, Saric T, Hescheler J, Brüstle O, Peitz M, Thiele C, Geijsen N, Holst B, Clausen C, Lako M, Armstrong L, Gupta SK, Kvist AJ, Hicks R, Jonebring A, Brolén G, Ebneth A, Cabrera-Socorro A, Foerch P, Geraerts M, Stummann TC, Harmon S, George C, Streeter I, Clarke L, Parkinson H, Harrison PW, Faulconbridge A, Cherubin L, Burdett T, Trigueros C, Patel MJ, Lucas C, Hardy B, Predan R, Dokler J, Brajnik M, Keminer O, Pless O, Gribbon P, Claussen C, Ringwald A, Kreisel B, Courtney A, Allsopp TE. Rapid establishment of the European Bank for induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (EBiSC) - the Hot Start experience. Stem Cell Res 2017; 20:105-114. [PMID: 28334554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A fast track "Hot Start" process was implemented to launch the European Bank for Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (EBiSC) to provide early release of a range of established control and disease linked human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines. Established practice amongst consortium members was surveyed to arrive at harmonised and publically accessible Standard Operations Procedures (SOPs) for tissue procurement, bio-sample tracking, iPSC expansion, cryopreservation, qualification and distribution to the research community. These were implemented to create a quality managed foundational collection of lines and associated data made available for distribution. Here we report on the successful outcome of this experience and work flow for banking and facilitating access to an otherwise disparate European resource, with lessons to benefit the international research community. ETOC: The report focuses on the EBiSC experience of rapidly establishing an operational capacity to procure, bank and distribute a foundational collection of established hiPSC lines. It validates the feasibility and defines the challenges of harnessing and integrating the capability and productivity of centres across Europe using commonly available resources currently in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A De Sousa
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Chancellors Building, 49 Little France Crescent, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; Roslin Cells Ltd(1), Head office, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; EBiSC banking facility, Babraham Research Campus, B260 Meditrina, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
| | - Rachel Steeg
- Roslin Cells Ltd(1), Head office, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; EBiSC banking facility, Babraham Research Campus, B260 Meditrina, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Elisabeth Wachter
- Roslin Cells Ltd(1), Head office, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; EBiSC banking facility, Babraham Research Campus, B260 Meditrina, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Kevin Bruce
- Roslin Cells Ltd(1), Head office, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; EBiSC banking facility, Babraham Research Campus, B260 Meditrina, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Jason King
- Roslin Cells Ltd(1), Head office, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; EBiSC banking facility, Babraham Research Campus, B260 Meditrina, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Marieke Hoeve
- Roslin Cells Ltd(1), Head office, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; EBiSC banking facility, Babraham Research Campus, B260 Meditrina, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Shalinee Khadun
- Roslin Cells Ltd(1), Head office, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; EBiSC banking facility, Babraham Research Campus, B260 Meditrina, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - George McConnachie
- Roslin Cells Ltd(1), Head office, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; EBiSC banking facility, Babraham Research Campus, B260 Meditrina, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Julie Holder
- Roslin Cells Ltd(1), Head office, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; EBiSC banking facility, Babraham Research Campus, B260 Meditrina, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Andreas Kurtz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Stefanie Seltmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Johannes Dewender
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Sascha Reimann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Augustenburger Platz, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Glyn Stacey
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Authority, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, ENG 3GQ, UK
| | - Orla O'Shea
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Authority, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, ENG 3GQ, UK
| | - Charlotte Chapman
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Authority, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, ENG 3GQ, UK
| | - Lyn Healy
- UK Stem Cell Bank, Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Authority, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, ENG 3GQ, UK
| | - Heiko Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (IBMT), Josef-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, 66280 Sulzbach, Germany; Molecular & Cellular Biotechnology/Nanotechnology, Saarland University, Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Bryan Bolton
- European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Trisha Rawat
- European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Isobel Atkin
- European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Anna Veiga
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Centre for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernd Kuebler
- Barcelona Stem Cell Bank, Centre for Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Miranda Serano
- Andalusian Public Health Care System, Avda Conocimiento sn, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Tomo Saric
- Centre for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Centre for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Centre, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Centre, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelia Thiele
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, LIFE & BRAIN Centre, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Hubrecht Institute for developmental biology and stem cell research, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht University, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals and UMC Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bjørn Holst
- Bioneer A/S, Kogle Alle 2, DK-2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Shailesh K Gupta
- AstraZeneca, R&D, Innovative Medicines, Discovery Sciences, Reagents and Assay Development, HC3006, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Alexander J Kvist
- AstraZeneca, R&D, Innovative Medicines, Discovery Sciences, Reagents and Assay Development, HC3006, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- AstraZeneca, R&D, Innovative Medicines, Discovery Sciences, Reagents and Assay Development, HC3006, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Jonebring
- AstraZeneca, R&D, Innovative Medicines, Discovery Sciences, Reagents and Assay Development, HC3006, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Brolén
- AstraZeneca, R&D, Innovative Medicines, Discovery Sciences, Reagents and Assay Development, HC3006, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andreas Ebneth
- Janssen Research & Development (A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V), Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Socorro
- Janssen Research & Development (A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V), Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Patrik Foerch
- UCB Biopharma (since May 2014), Discovery Research, Chemin du Foriest, Braine l'Alleud B-1420, Belgium
| | - Martine Geraerts
- UCB Biopharma (since May 2014), Discovery Research, Chemin du Foriest, Braine l'Alleud B-1420, Belgium
| | | | - Shawn Harmon
- University of Edinburgh School of Law, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Carol George
- University of Edinburgh School of Law, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Ian Streeter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Laura Clarke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Peter W Harrison
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Adam Faulconbridge
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Luca Cherubin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Tony Burdett
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Cesar Trigueros
- Inbiomed, P° Mikeletegi, 81, 20009 San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Minal J Patel
- Cellular Generation and Phenotyping (CGaP) facility, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinston CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Christa Lucas
- Cellular Generation and Phenotyping (CGaP) facility, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinston CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Barry Hardy
- Douglas Connect, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rok Predan
- Douglas Connect, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joh Dokler
- Douglas Connect, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maja Brajnik
- Douglas Connect, Technology Park Basel, Hochbergerstrasse 60C, 4057 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Keminer
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ole Pless
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Claussen
- Fraunhofer IME ScreeningPort, Schnackenburgallee 114, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Beate Kreisel
- ARTTIC, 58A rue du Dessous des Berges, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Aidan Courtney
- Roslin Cells Ltd(1), Head office, Nine Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Rd, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; EBiSC banking facility, Babraham Research Campus, B260 Meditrina, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Timothy E Allsopp
- Pfizer Ltd (Neusentis), The Portway Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, UK
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Perk T, Bradshaw T, Harmon S, Perlman S, Liu G, Jeraj R. SU-D-303-01: Spatial Distribution of Bone Metastases In Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4923888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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12
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Campbell N, Harmon S, Narum SR. P1004 Genotyping in thousands by sequencing (GT-seq): A low cost, high-throughput, targeted SNP genotyping method. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jas2016.94supplement416a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Weisman A, Harmon S, Perk T, Scarpelli M, Liu G, Jeraj R. WE-FG-202-05: Quantification of Bone Flare On [F-18] NaF PET/CT in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Harmon S, Perk T, Lin C, Eickhoff J, Choyke P, Dahut W, Apolo A, Humm J, Larson S, Morris MJ, Perlman S, Liu G, Jeraj R. MO-AB-BRA-05: [18F]NaF PET/CT Imaging Biomarkers in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ferjancic P, Harmon S, Chen S, Simoncic U, Jeraj R. WE-H-207A-05: Spatial Co-Localization of F-18 NaF Vs. F-18 FDG Defined Disease Volumes. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lin C, Perk T, Harmon S, Perlman S, Liu G, Jeraj R. WE-H-207A-04: Impact of Lesion Location On the Repeatability of 18F-NaF PET/CT. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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17
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Roth A, Harmon S, Perk T, Jeraj R. SU-F-J-06: Optimized Patient Inclusion for NaF PET Response-Based Biopsies. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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18
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Harmon S, Galavis P, Jeraj R. SU-E-J-245: Sensitivity of FDG PET Feature Analysis in Multi-Plane Vs. Single-Plane Extraction. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lin C, Bradshaw T, Perk T, Harmon S, Liu G, Jeraj R. TU-AB-BRA-05: Repeatability of [F-18]-NaF PET Imaging Biomarkers for Bone Lesions: A Multicenter Study. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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20
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Scarpelli M, Perlman S, Harmon S, Perk T, Scully P, Bruce J, Liu G, Jeraj R. TU-G-BRA-07: Characterization of Tumor Proliferation During Successive Cycles of Anti-Angiogenic Therapy Using [F-18]FLT PET/CT. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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Harmon S, Wendelberger B, Jeraj R. SU-E-J-98: Radiogenomics: Correspondence Between Imaging and Genetic Features Based On Clustering Analysis. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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22
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Lin C, Harmon S, Perk T, Jeraj R. TH-E-BRF-08: Subpopulations of Similarly-Responding Lesions in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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23
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Smolak A, Gearing RE, Alonzo D, Baldwin S, Harmon S, McHugh K. Social support and religion: mental health service use and treatment of schizophrenia. Community Ment Health J 2013; 49:444-50. [PMID: 22855264 PMCID: PMC3570737 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-012-9536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The perceptions and religious beliefs held by family members, mental health and health care professionals, and the community may affect the treatment of individuals with schizophrenia. To better identify and understand the influence of families, professionals and community members on individual's treatment for schizophrenia, this review paper examines: (1) the religious perceptions of families, professionals, and the public towards schizophrenia; (2) religious perceptions of the etiology of schizophrenia; (3) how others perceive religion as a coping mechanism; and (4) how religion influences treatment engagement and help-seeking behaviors. MEDLINE and PsycInfo databases were systematically searched from 1980 to 2010 using the terms schizophrenia, schizoaffective, schizophreniform, psychotic disorder not otherwise specified and religion, religiosity, spirituality, and faith. Forty-three (n = 43) original research studies met the inclusion criteria. This study found that religious beliefs influence the treatment of schizophrenia in the following ways: Religious themes were positively associated with coping, treatment engagement and help-seeking behavior. Evidence of religious underpinnings was found in perceptions of etiology. The findings also indicate that there is often both a preference among family members and caregivers to utilize religious-based professionals and caution toward mental health professionals. Researchers and professionals may find avenues for improving treatment through examining the interaction of religious and schizophrenia at the social support level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Smolak
- Columbia University School of Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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24
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Harmon S, Morrison C, Tuite M, Jeraj R. TH-A-WAB-05: Selection of Candidate Lesions for Image-Guided Bone Biopsy Using [F-18]NaF PET/CT Response to Therapy. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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25
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Harmon S, Titz B, Jeraj R. TH-C-213AB-10: Computational Tumor Modeling for Dose Painting Candidate Stratification. Med Phys 2012. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4736299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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26
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Gilmore R, Harmon S, Keane G, Gannon C, O'Donnell JS. Variation in anticoagulant composition regulates differential effects of prothrombin complex concentrates on thrombin generation. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:2154-6. [PMID: 19740099 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Fang X, Faraci FM, Kaduce TL, Harmon S, Modrick ML, Hu S, Moore SA, Falck JR, Weintraub NL, Spector AA. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid is a potent dilator of mouse basilar artery: role of cyclooxygenase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H2301-7. [PMID: 16782846 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00349.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), an arachidonic acid (AA) metabolite synthesized by cytochrome P-450 omega-oxidases, is reported to produce vasoconstriction in the cerebral circulation. However, we find that like 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET), 20-HETE produces dilation of mouse basilar artery preconstricted with U-46619 in vitro. Indomethacin inhibited the vasodilation produced by 20-HETE but not by 14,15-EET, suggesting a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent mechanism. Metabolic studies indicated several mechanisms that may play a role in this process. Mouse brain endothelial cells (MBEC) converted 20-HETE to 20-OH-PGE(2), which was as potent as PGE(2) in dilating the basilar artery. 20-HETE also stimulated AA release and PGE(2) and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) production in MBEC. Furthermore, the basilar artery converted 20-HETE to 20-COOH-AA, which also produced COX-dependent dilation of the basilar artery. 20-COOH-AA increased AA release and PGE(2) and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) production by the MBEC, but to a lesser extent than 20-HETE. Whereas the conversion of 20-HETE to 20-OH-PGE(2) and production of endogenous prostaglandins probably are primarily responsible for vasodilation, the production of 20-COOH-AA also may contribute to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fang
- Dept. of Medicine, Harbor Hospital Center, 3001 S. Hanover St., Baltimore MD 21225, USA.
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28
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Abstract
This article highlights and summarises the key developments in medical law in the jurisdictions of the United Kingdom in 2005 and to April 2006. Topics are mental health and mental capacity, data protection, freedom of information and the impact on health data, the Human Tissue Act, genetic research databanks, Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act--Review of the legislation, consultations and related case law, developments in embryo and embryonic stem cell research, clinical trials and human subject research, medical futility, and physician assisted dying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Gertz
- Arts and Humanities Research Council Research Centre for Studies in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, School of Law, University of Edinburgh
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29
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Comparisons of platelet RNAs could provide crucial information on platelet function, thrombopoiesis and the etiology of megakaryocyte (MK) or platelet disorders. OBJECTIVES We developed a method for stringent purification of platelets from small blood samples from single donors. Purity of the platelet preparations was verified by an RT-PCR assay. We tested three methods to identify the differences in RNA between platelet sources. METHODS Differential hybridization to cDNA macro-arrays and suppressive-subtractive hybridization PCR (SSH-PCR) were used to compare RNAs from normal platelets to those from a Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) patient. Affymetrix GeneChip U133 plus 2.0 arrays were used to compare male and female platelet RNAs. RESULTS Macroarrays identified approximately 7500 platelet transcripts, but failed to identify differentially expressed transcripts with confidence. SSH-PCR produced libraries almost exclusively of mitochondrial-derived transcripts, but included nuclear-encoded genes that could not be confirmed by immunoblotting of normal and BSS platelet lysates. The Affymetrix platform gave reproducible profiles from our small-scale purified platelet preparations, whereas a partially purified platelet preparation produced a drastically skewed transcript profile. The microarray analysis identified the heparanase precursor transcript as overexpressed in female platelets, and we observed variable yet consistently higher levels of heparanase protein in female platelets compared with male platelets in four independent donor pairs. CONCLUSIONS This demonstrates for the first time that differential platelet transcript levels can identify changes in expression level of platelet proteins. Combined with our small-scale platelet preparation method, this establishes a system to compare platelets from the limited clinical sources to help elucidate molecular bases for platelet or megakaryocyte pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Hillmann
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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30
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Fang X, Hu S, Xu B, Snyder GD, Harmon S, Yao J, Liu Y, Sangras B, Falck JR, Weintraub NL, Spector AA. 14,15-Dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 290:H55-63. [PMID: 16113065 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00427.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), lipid mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P-450 epoxygenases, are converted by soluble epoxide hydrolase (SEH) to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Originally considered as inactive degradation products of EETs, DHETs have biological activity in some systems. Here we examined the capacity of EETs and DHETs to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha). We find that among the EET and DHET regioisomers, 14,15-DHET is the most potent PPARalpha activator in a COS-7 cell expression system. Incubation with 10 microM 14,15-DHET produced a 12-fold increase in PPARalpha-mediated luciferase activity, an increase similar to that produced by the PPARalpha agonist Wy-14643 (20 microM). Although 10 microM 14,15-EET produced a threefold increase in luciferase activity, this was abrogated by the SEH inhibitor dicyclohexylurea. 14-Hexyloxytetradec-5(Z)-enoic acid, a 14,15-EET analog that cannot be converted to a DHET, did not activate PPARalpha. However, PPARalpha was activated by 2-(14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoyl)glycerol, which was hydrolyzed and the released 14,15-EET converted to 14,15-DHET. COS-7 cells incorporated 14,15-[3H]DHET from the medium, and the cells also retained a small amount of the DHET formed during incubation with 14,15-[3H]EET. Binding studies indicated that 14,15-[3H]DHET binds to the ligand binding domain of PPARalpha with a Kd of 1.4 microM. Furthermore, 14,15-DHET increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, a PPARalpha-responsive gene, in transfected HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that 14,15-DHET, produced from 14,15-EET by the action of SEH, may function as an endogenous activator of PPARalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fang
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Univ. of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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31
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Fang X, Weintraub NL, Oltman CL, Stoll LL, Kaduce TL, Harmon S, Dellsperger KC, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Spector AA. Human coronary endothelial cells convert 14,15-EET to a biologically active chain-shortened epoxide. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002; 283:H2306-14. [PMID: 12388281 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00448.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) play an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity and function. Conversion to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by soluble epoxide hydrolases is thought to be the major pathway of EET metabolism in mammalian vascular cells. However, when human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCEC) were incubated with (3)H-labeled 14,15-EET, chain-shortened epoxy fatty acids, rather than DHET, were the most abundant metabolites. After 4 h of incubation, 23% of the total radioactivity remaining in the medium was converted to 10,11-epoxy-hexadecadienoic acid (16:2), a product formed from 14,15-EET by two cycles of beta-oxidation, whereas only 15% was present as 14,15-DHET. Although abundantly present in the medium, 10,11-epoxy-16:2 was not detected in the cell lipids. Exogenously applied (3)H-labeled 10,11-epoxy-16:2 was neither metabolized nor retained in the cells, suggesting that 10,11-epoxy-16:2 is a major product of 14,15-EET metabolism in HCEC. 10,11-Epoxy-16:2 produced potent dilation in coronary microvessels. 10,11-Epoxy-16:2 also potently inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced production of IL-8, a proinflammatory cytokine, by HCEC. These findings implicate beta-oxidation as a major pathway of 14,15-EET metabolism in HCEC and provide the first evidence that EET-derived chain-shortened epoxy fatty acids are biologically active.
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MESH Headings
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/chemistry
- 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Coronary Vessels/cytology
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/physiology
- Culture Media, Conditioned/chemistry
- Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Epoxy Compounds/chemistry
- Epoxy Compounds/metabolism
- Epoxy Compounds/pharmacology
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/biosynthesis
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/chemistry
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/pharmacology
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/biosynthesis
- Mass Spectrometry
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Vasodilator Agents/metabolism
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
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Matsunaga S, Harmon S, Gohlsch B, Ohlendieck K, Pette D. Inactivation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-atpase in low-frequency stimulated rat muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2002; 22:685-91. [PMID: 12222829 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016310607568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Continuous low-frequency stimulation (CLFS) by implanted electrodes for 12-24 h led to a significant (approximately 30%) decrease in the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase in fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of intact rats. The decline in catalytic activity after 24 h of CLFS was accompanied by an approximately twofold increase in dinitrophenylhydrazine-reactive carbonyl groups of the enzyme. It also correlated with an immunochemically determined 30% decrease in Ca2(+)-ATPase protein. Recovery studies after 12 h of CLFS revealed a relatively slow (48-72 h) re-establishment of normal catalytic activity. These findings suggest that the 30% decline of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in low-frequency stimulated rat muscle led to an irreversible modification by protein oxidation. The decrease in Ca(2+)-ATPase protein most likely resulted from the degradation of inactive Ca(2+)-ATPase molecules. The relatively slow recovery of Ca(2+)-ATPase activity suggests that de novo synthesis of the enzyme may be necessary to re-attain normal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Matsunaga
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
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33
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Hynes J, Yang Y, McGill J, Harmon S, Washtien W. Additions and Corrections-Improved Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of 5,8-Dideazaisofolic Acid and Closely Related Analogues. J Med Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jm00378a601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Fang X, Kaduce TL, Weintraub NL, Harmon S, Teesch LM, Morisseau C, Thompson DA, Hammock BD, Spector AA. Pathways of epoxyeicosatrienoic acid metabolism in endothelial cells. Implications for the vascular effects of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:14867-74. [PMID: 11278979 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011761200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are products of cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase that possess important vasodilating and anti-inflammatory properties. EETs are converted to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in mammalian tissues, and inhibition of sEH has been proposed as a novel approach for the treatment of hypertension. We observed that sEH is present in porcine coronary endothelial cells (PCEC), and we found that low concentrations of N,N'-dicyclohexylurea (DCU), a selective sEH inhibitor, have profound effects on EET metabolism in PCEC cultures. Treatment with 3 microM DCU reduced cellular conversion of 14,15-EET to 14,15-DHET by 3-fold after 4 h of incubation, with a concomitant increase in the formation of the novel beta-oxidation products 10,11-epoxy-16:2 and 8,9-epoxy-14:1. DCU also markedly enhanced the incorporation of 14,15-EET and its metabolites into PCEC lipids. The most abundant product in DCU-treated cells was 16,17-epoxy-22:3, the elongation product of 14,15-EET. Another novel metabolite, 14,15-epoxy-20:2, was present in DCU-treated cells. DCU also caused a 4-fold increase in release of 14,15-EET when the cells were stimulated with a calcium ionophore. Furthermore, DCU decreased the conversion of [3H]11,12-EET to 11,12-DHET, increased 11,12-EET retention in PCEC lipids, and produced an accumulation of the partial beta-oxidation product 7,8-epoxy-16:2 in the medium. These findings suggest that in addition to being metabolized by sEH, EETs are substrates for beta-oxidation and chain elongation in endothelial cells and that there is considerable interaction among the three pathways. The modulation of EET metabolism by DCU provides novel insight into the mechanisms by which pharmacological or molecular inhibition of sEH effectively treats hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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35
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Harmon S, Froemming GR, Leisner E, Pette D, Ohlendieck K. Low-frequency stimulation of fast muscle affects the abundance of Ca(2+)-ATPase but not its oligomeric status. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001; 90:371-9. [PMID: 11133930 DOI: 10.1152/jappl.2001.90.1.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
After chronic, low-frequency stimulation, a rapid decline in Ca(2+) pump activity is observed during the early stages of skeletal muscle transformation. However, this variation in enzymatic activity does not coincide with a drastic reduction in the amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPases. To investigate whether changes in subunit interactions within Ca(2+) pump complexes contribute to this phenomena, we performed a chemical cross-linking analysis of 4 days continuously, and 4 days discontinuously, electrostimulated fast muscle fibers. The abundance of the slow and fast Ca(2+)-ATPase isoforms sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)- ATPase types 1 and 2 was affected during the fast-to-slow transition process, demonstrating that, even after short-term stimulation, distinct changes in the isoform expression pattern of muscle proteins occur. However, the oligomeric status of both ion pump species did not change. Hence, chemical modifications of critical enzyme domains must be responsible for the rapid stimulation-induced activity changes, not variations in protein-protein interactions within Ca(2+)-ATPase units. Oligomerization appears to be of central importance to the proper physiological functioning of the Ca(2+)-ATPase and does not undergo changes during skeletal muscle conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Harmon
- Department of Pharmacology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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36
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37
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Cary ER, Fink LM, Stokes SL, Simmons VL, Kaczor DA, Harmon S, Quarles L, Escobar C, Maier DJ. Selection and implementation for coagulation instruments/reagents in a multiple hospital/clinic network. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2000; 11:599-608. [PMID: 11085279 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-200010000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Selection, standardization, and implementation of instrumentation and reagents throughout a health care facility network can often be a difficult process. However, in today's ever-changing health care setting, it is often mandated. The Veteran's Integrated Systems Network 16 (VISN 16) was faced with such a task early in 1999, with the targeted area being its coagulation laboratories. The plan outlined in this paper was drafted to help facilitate the selection, standardization and implementation of coagulation systems for 17 health care facilities that make up the VISN 16 network. The VISN, encompassing 170,000 square miles, has 10 tertiary care hospitals, six of which have close relationships with affiliate universities. There are 299,733 patients enrolled in this health delivery system. The facilities range from large institutions performing both tertiary and outpatient care to small outpatient clinics. Because of the plan's detailed, comprehensive content, which included analyses of a large number of performance parameters as well as cost-efficiency, the selection process was carried out using a checklist that could be helpful to other organizations selecting equipment and reagents for coagulation studies. An implementation process was devised, resulting in coagulation standardization across the Integrated Health Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Cary
- G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Service, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
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38
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Jaren OR, Harmon S, Chen AF, Shea MA. Paramecium calmodulin mutants defective in ion channel regulation can bind calcium and undergo calcium-induced conformational switching. Biochemistry 2000; 39:6881-90. [PMID: 10841769 DOI: 10.1021/bi000037w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin (CaM) is an essential eukaryotic protein that binds calcium ions cooperatively at four EF-hand binding sites to regulate signal transduction pathways. Interactions between the apo domains of vertebrate CaM reduce the calcium affinities of sites I and II below their intrinsic values, allowing sequential opening of the two hydrophobic clefts in CaM. Viable domain-specific mutants of Parameciumcalmodulin (PCaM) differentially affect ion channels and provide a unique opportunity to dissect the roles of the two highly homologous half-molecule domains. Calcium binding induced an increase in the level of ordered secondary structure and a decrease in Stokes radius in these mutants; such changes were identical in direction to those of wild type CaM, but the magnitude depended on the mutation. Calcium titrations monitored by changes in the intrinsic fluorescence of Y138 in site IV showed that the affinities of sites III and IV of wild type PCaM were (i) higher than those of the same sites in rat CaM, (ii) equivalent to those of the same sites in PCaM mutants altered between sites I and II, and (iii) higher than those of PCaM mutants modified in sites III and IV. Thus, calcium saturation drove all mutants to undergo conformational switching in the same direction but not to the same extent as wild type PCaM. The disruption of the allosteric mechanism that is manifest as faulty channel regulation may be explained by altered properties of switching among the 14 possible partially saturated species of PCaM rather than by an inability to adopt two end-state conformations or target interactions similar to those of the wild type protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Jaren
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1109, USA
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39
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Froemming GR, Murray BE, Harmon S, Pette D, Ohlendieck K. Comparative analysis of the isoform expression pattern of Ca(2+)-regulatory membrane proteins in fast-twitch, slow-twitch, cardiac, neonatal and chronic low-frequency stimulated muscle fibers. Biochim Biophys Acta 2000; 1466:151-68. [PMID: 10825439 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(00)00195-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although all muscle cells generate contractile forces by means of organized filament systems, isoform expression patterns of contractile and regulatory proteins in heart are not identical compared to developing, conditioned or mature skeletal muscles. In order to determine biochemical parameters that may reflect functional variations in the Ca(2+)-regulatory membrane systems of different muscle types, we performed a comparative immunoblot analysis of key membrane proteins involved in ion homeostasis. Cardiac isoforms of the alpha(1)-dihydropyridine receptor, Ca(2+)-ATPase and calsequestrin are also present in skeletal muscle and are up-regulated in chronic low-frequency stimulated fast muscle. In contrast, the cardiac RyR2 isoform of the Ca(2+)-release channel was not found in slow muscle but was detectable in neonatal skeletal muscle. Up-regulation of RyR2 in conditioned muscle was probably due to degeneration-regeneration processes. Fiber type-specific differences were also detected in the abundance of auxiliary subunits of the dihydropyridine receptor, the ryanodine receptor and the Ca(2+)-ATPase, as well as triad markers and various Ca(2+)-binding and ion-regulatory proteins. Hence, the variation in innervation of different types of muscle appears to have a profound influence on the levels and pattern of isoform expression of Ca(2+)-regulatory membrane proteins reflecting differences in the regulation of Ca(2+)-homeostasis. However, independent of the muscle cell type, key Ca(2+)-regulatory proteins exist as oligomeric complexes under native conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Froemming
- Department of Pharmacology, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Abstract
The survival of four Salmonella strains in river water microcosms was monitored by culturing techniques, direct counts, whole-cell hybridization, scanning electron microscopy, and resuscitation techniques via the direct viable count method and flow cytometry. Plate counts of bacteria resuspended in filtered and untreated river water decreased several orders of magnitude within the first week of incubation, while they did not decrease as rapidly in autoclaved water. In situ hybridization studies suggested a rapid decrease in ribosomal content, as determined by the drastic decrease in the number of detectable cells after 72 h. In contrast, direct counts remained relatively constant during 45 days in all microcosoms. Although the culturable counts of two bacterial strains in filtered water after 31 days represented approximately 0.001% of the total counts, direct viable counts and resuscitation studies with a dilution series suggested that the number of viable bacteria was at least four orders of magnitude higher. Additionally, notable changes in forward scatter and in nucleic acid content were observed only after 4 h of nutrient amendments by flow cytometry. However, cells from the resuscitation experiments did not grow on solid media unless cell-free supernatant from viable cultures was added during the resuscitation period. The results in this study suggest the presence of a not immediately culturable status in Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Santo Domingo
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA
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Lennon NJ, Harmon S, Mackey A, Ohlendieck K. Oligomerization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase SERCA2 in cardiac muscle. Mol Cell Biol Res Commun 1999; 1:182-7. [PMID: 10425224 DOI: 10.1006/mcbr.1999.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The slow/cardiac isoform of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase plays an important role in cardiac muscle Ca2+-homeostasis. To determine the native configuration of the SERCA2 ion pump, a chemical cross-linking analysis of heart microsomes was performed. Using one- and two-dimensional immunoblotting following incubation with the hydrophilic probe bis-sulfosuccinimidyl suberate or the hydrophobic crosslinker dithiobis-succinimidyl-propionate, we demonstrate here that SERCA2 forms high-molecular-mass aggregates. In contrast to the Na+/Ca2+-exchanger, Ca2+-ATPase clusters can be stabilized by hydrophilic 1.2 nm crosslinkers and are sensitive to chemical reduction. Hence, the native form of this important Ca2+-regulatory membrane protein involved in cardiac muscle relaxation appears not to exist as a monomeric ion pump unit. Protein-protein interactions might play an important role in the physiological functioning of this Ca2+-ATPase isoform, as has previously been shown for skeletal muscle Ca2+-pumps, Ca2+-binding proteins and Ca2+-channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Lennon
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield
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Gardner JW, Harmon S, Stavish PJ. The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine: status of the Federal Medical School after 25 years. Mil Med 1998; 163:288-94. [PMID: 9597843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In its first 25 years, the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS) has become a quality institution of medical education that provides a steady flow of career physicians for the military. It compares favorably with U.S. medical school averages in all aspects of undergraduate medical education: faculty, teaching facilities, matriculants, curriculum, student performance, and cost. USUHS provides excellent medical education and adds unique preparation for uniformed public service. It also provides military-specific graduate education, graduate medical education, continuing health education, medical research, clinical services, consultation, public service, and ties with international military, medical, and research institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Gardner
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799, USA
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Abstract
As an aid in the development of vector systems for use in gene therapy paradigms of central nervous system disorders such as Parkinson's disease, we have developed L-Dopa or dopamine-producing gene cassettes. Specifically, a human tyrosine hydroxylase cDNA (HTH-2) was rendered constitutively active by truncation of the N-terminal regulatory domain (tHTH). In addition, a bicistronic construct capable of directing the production of dopamine was created by inserting an internal ribosome entry site downstream of tHTH followed by the coding sequences of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. All three constructs generated immunoreactive peptides of the predicted size, were enzymatically active, and produced L-Dopa (HTH-2, tHTH) or dopamine (bicistronic construct) following transient transfection of COS-7 cells. These constructs, in conjunction with viral or nonviral expression systems, may be efficacious in gene therapy approaches to Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moffat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Todd RD, Carl J, Harmon S, O'Malley KL, Perlmutter JS. Dynamic changes in striatal dopamine D2 and D3 receptor protein and mRNA in response to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) denervation in baboons. J Neurosci 1996; 16:7776-82. [PMID: 8922433 PMCID: PMC6579075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/1996] [Revised: 09/12/1996] [Accepted: 09/16/1996] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of nigrostriatal neurons leads to striatal dopamine deficiency and subsequent development of parkinsonism. The effects of this denervation on D2-like receptors in striatum remain unclear. Most studies have demonstrated increases in striatal dopamine D2-like receptors in response to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-mediated denervation, but others have found either decreases or no change in binding. To clarify the response to denervation, we have investigated the time-dependent changes in dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptor protein and mRNA levels in unilaterally MPTP-lesioned baboons. MPTP (0.4 mg/kg) was infused into one internal carotid artery, producing a contralateral hemi-parkinsonian syndrome. After MPTP treatment, the animals were maintained for 17-480 d and then euthanized. MPTP decreased ipsilateral dopamine content by >90%, which did not change with time. Ipsilateral D2-like receptor binding in caudate and putamen initially decreased then increased two- to sevenfold over the first 100 d and returned to near baseline levels by 480 d. Relative levels of D2 mRNA were essentially unchanged over this period. D4 mRNA was not detected. In contrast, D3 mRNA increased sixfold by 2 weeks and then decreased. At the peak period of increase in binding sites, all D2-like receptors were in a micromolar affinity agonist-binding state, implying an increase in uncoupled D2 but not D3 receptor protein. Taken together, these data suggest that MPTP-induced changes in D2-like dopamine receptors are complex and include translational or post-translational mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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O'Malley KL, Harmon S, Moffat M, Uhland-Smith A, Wong S. The human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase gene can be alternatively spliced to generate unique protein isoforms. J Neurochem 1995; 65:2409-16. [PMID: 7595534 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65062409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) is expressed in a wide variety of tissues, including those where it is known to convert L-DOPA and 5-hydroxytryptophan to dopamine and serotonin, respectively. AADC has been cloned from many species and shown to undergo alternative splicing within its 5' untranslated region. Here, we report that the human AADC gene can undergo additional alternative splicing of exon 3, generating two different protein isoforms (termed AADC480 and AADC442). Both transcripts are widely expressed, with AADC442 predominating in many neuronal and nonneuronal tissues. When homogenates were prepared from COS-7 cells transfected with expression vectors containing either cDNA, AADC480 catalyzed the decarboxylation of both L-DOPA and 5-hydroxytryptophan. AADC442 was inactive in either assay. These findings suggested that AADC442 may have a different function in non-monoamine-expressing tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that the human AADC gene undergoes complex processing, leading to the formation of both tissue-specific transcripts as well as unique protein isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L O'Malley
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of standard spinal immobilization on a group of healthy volunteers with respect to induced pain and discomfort. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING University teaching hospital. TYPE OF PARTICIPANTS Twenty-one healthy volunteers with no history of back disease. INTERVENTIONS Subjects were placed in standard backboard immobilization for a 30-minute period. Number and severity of immediate and delayed symptoms were determined. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS One hundred percent of subjects developed pain within the immediate observation period. Occipital headache and sacral, lumbar, and mandibular pain were the most frequent symptoms. Fifty-five percent of subjects graded their symptoms as moderate to severe. Twenty-nine percent of subjects developed additional symptoms over the next 48 hours. CONCLUSION Standard spinal immobilization may be a cause of pain in an otherwise healthy subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center
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Harmon S. Change, Part 3. Strategies for handling imposed changes. MLO Med Lab Obs 1993; 25:60-4. [PMID: 10128453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Harmon
- Communication Management Associates, Orinda, CA
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48
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Abstract
In the mouse, the light-sensitive pool of cAMP can be eliminated in the dark by application of the dopamine D2-like receptor agonists LY 171555 (quinpirole), (+)-N0437 (2-[N-(n-propyl)-N-2-(thienylethylamino)-5-hydroxytetralin]) , or (+)-3-PPP [3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-propylpiperidine hydrochloride]. The rank-order affinity of the ability of the D2-like antagonists to block the action of LY 171555 matched that of the rat D4 receptor. Reverse transcription of retina mRNA followed by DNA amplification using D4-specific nucleotides demonstrates the presence of D4 mRNA in retina. In situ hybridization studies using D4-specific digoxygenin-labeled oligonucleotides or 35S-labeled UTP RNA probes demonstrate the presence of D4 mRNA in the photoreceptor cell layer and in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers. The modulation by D4 ligands of the dark level of light-sensitive cAMP in photoreceptors demonstrates the physiological coupling of the D4 receptor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Cohen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Bestervelt R, Franklin B, Bonzheim K, Bakalyar D, Renaud S, Harmon S, Fisher P, Wetherbee S, Gordon S. PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF A LOW-FAT DIET AND VARIED EXERCISE INTENSITY IN OVERWEIGHT MEN. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199205001-00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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O'Malley KL, Harmon S, Tang L, Todd RD. The rat dopamine D4 receptor: sequence, gene structure, and demonstration of expression in the cardiovascular system. New Biol 1992; 4:137-46. [PMID: 1554689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine receptors have been implicated in a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Here we describe the use of the polymerase chain reaction and low stringency library screening to isolate a rat genomic clone encoding a novel dopamine receptor. Sequence data and pharmacological analysis reveal this clone to be the rat analog of the human D4 receptor, which exhibits a high affinity for the antipsychotic drug clozapine. The mRNA for this receptor shows a restricted pattern of expression in the central nervous system. Significant levels of expression were found in the hypothalamus, thalamus, olfactory bulb, and frontal cortex. However, 20-fold higher levels of D4 mRNA expression were observed in the cardiovascular system. Thus, this receptor appears to mediate dopamine function in the cardiovascular system as well as the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L O'Malley
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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