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Saadi HF, Zamani M, Koohpeyma F, Raeisi A, Amirahmadi Z, Rezaei N, Joolidehpoor Z, Shams M, Dastghaib S. Therapeutic potential of aquatic Stevia extract in alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and liver damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:993. [PMID: 39292293 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misfolded proteins accumulate in the liver due to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) caused by high blood glucose levels in diabetes. This triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), which if persistently activated, results in cellular dysfunction. Chronic ER stress increases inflammation, insulin resistance, and apoptosis. There is growing interest in using native plants and traditional medicine for diabetes treatment. The stevia plant has recently gained attention for its potential therapeutic effects. This study investigates the protective effects of aquatic stevia extract on liver damage, ER stress, and the UPR pathway in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group that received 1 ml of water; a diabetic group induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg); a diabetic group treated with metformin (500 mg/kg); and a diabetic group treated with aquatic extracts of stevia (400 mg/kg). After 28 days, various parameters were assessed, including inflammatory markers, oxidative stress indices, antioxidant levels, gene expression, stereology, and liver tissue pathology. RESULT Compared to the diabetic control group, treatment with stevia significantly decreased serum glucose, liver enzymes, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress while increasing body weight and antioxidant levels. Additionally, stevia extract manipulated UPR gene expression and reduced apoptosis pathway activation. Histological examination revealed improved liver tissue morphology in stevia-treated diabetic rats. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that aquatic stevia extract mitigates ER stress in diabetic rats by modulating the IRE-1 arm of the UPR and apoptosis pathways, highlighting its potential therapeutic benefits for diabetes-related liver complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hediye Fahandezh Saadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Raeisi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Amirahmadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Rezaei
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Joolidehpoor
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mesbah Shams
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran.
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Oudbor L, Mokhtari Z, Dastghaib S, Mokarram P, Rajani HF, Barazesh M, Salami S. Aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni abrogates death-related signaling pathways via boosting the expression profile of oxidative defense systems. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14151. [PMID: 35365911 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous inhabitants of South America and other areas have been using stevia as a traditional medicine for years, but its impact on cell signaling pathways has not been well studied yet. We evaluated the impacts of aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni on the expression of the selected genes involved in significant cell death modalities, including p53-DNA damage and the cellular antioxidative defense in pancreatic tissues in STZ-induced diabetic rats and murine pancreatic cell lines. The in vivo study revealed that aqueous extract of Stevia significantly upregulated the expression of GSTM1 and P1 and GPX (4.67, 12.08, and 2.81 fold, respectively; all p < .05) along with significant downregulation of the genes which were upregulated by STZ, including apoptotic genes caspase-3 and -9 (-9.80 and -4.16 fold, p < .05, respectively) and necroptotic genes, RIP1K, 2 K, and 3 K (-9.48, -2.70, and -12.9 fold, respectively, all p < .05). In vitro studies also revealed comparable results. In conclusion, the observed clinical improvements in diabetic rats are the result of overexpression of major genes of antioxidative defense systems in the course of a significant downregulation of major cell death modalities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The popularity of noncaloric sweeteners, including stevia, has rocketed in recent years, but the consumption of stevia as traditional medicine has a long history. The findings of the current study provide strong mechanistic lines of evidence supporting the beneficial biological effects of stevia as a noncaloric sweetener in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Oudbor
- Cell Death and Differentiation Signaling Research Lab, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mokhtari
- Cell Death and Differentiation Signaling Research Lab, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Huda Fatima Rajani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- School of Paramedical Sciences, Gerash Faculty of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Siamak Salami
- Cell Death and Differentiation Signaling Research Lab, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mustika A, Fatimah N, Sari GM. The self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of Petiveria alliacea extract reduced the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance value, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α level in diabetic rat models. Vet World 2021; 14:3229-3234. [PMID: 35153417 PMCID: PMC8829416 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.3229-3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Metaflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis, development, and complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). This inflammation is associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, the inflammatory pathways have been targeted for pharmacological treatment. Petiveria alliacea can decrease blood glucose levels and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; however, there are still insufficient data regarding its efficacy for the treatment of DM. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of P. alliacea leaf extract on the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) value and interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five diabetic rat models were randomly divided into five groups. The first group received the SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW), the second group received it at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW, the third group received it at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW, the fourth group received 18 mg of metformin, and the fifth group only received the SNEDDS formula. The treatment was administered once a day, orally, for 14 days. On the 15th day after treatment, the rats were sacrificed to obtain blood samples for cardiac examination. The IL-6, TNF-α, and insulin levels in the serum were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The HOMA-IR value was calculated using a formula. Results: The mean IL-6 and TNF-α levels were low in the group that received the SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract. There was no significant difference in the insulin level in all treatment and control groups. However, a significant difference in the HOMA-IR value was noted between the group that received the SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract and metformin and the group that did not receive treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: The SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract reduced the HOMA-IR value and suppressed the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the STZ-induced diabetic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arifa Mustika
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nurmawati Fatimah
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Gadis Meinar Sari
- Department of Physiology of Faculty Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, East Java, Indonesia
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Hussein AM, Eid EA, Bin-Jaliah I, Taha M, Lashin LS. Exercise and Stevia Rebaudiana (R) Extracts Attenuate Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Rats: Possible Underlying Mechanisms. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:1117-1132. [PMID: 32310054 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200420084444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the current work, we studied the effects of exercise and stevia rebaudiana (R) extracts on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in type 2 diabetic rats and their possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups; a) normal control group, b) DM group, type 2 diabetic rats received 2 ml oral saline daily for 4 weeks, c) DM+ Exercise, type 2 diabetic rats were treated with exercise for 4 weeks and d) DM+ stevia R extracts: type 2 diabetic rats received methanolic stevia R extracts. By the end of the experiment, serum blood glucose, HOMA-IR, insulin and cardiac enzymes (LDH, CK-MB), cardiac histopathology, oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH and CAT), myocardial fibrosis by Masson trichrome, the expression of p53, caspase-3, α-SMA and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by immunostaining in myocardial tissues were measured. RESULTS T2DM caused a significant increase in blood glucose, HOMA-IR index, serum CK-MB and LDH, myocardial damage and fibrosis, myocardial MDA, myocardial α-SMA, p53, caspase-3, Nrf2 and TH density with a significant decrease in serum insulin and myocardial GSH and CAT (p< 0.05). On the other hand, treatment with either exercise or stevia R extracts significantly improved all studied parameters (p< 0.05). Moreover, the effects of stevia R was more significant than exercise (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION Both exercise and methanolic stevia R extracts showed cardioprotective effects against DCM and Stevia R offered more cardioprotective than exercise. This cardioprotective effect of these lines of treatment might be due to attenuation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, sympathetic nerve density and fibrosis and upregulation of the antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz M Hussein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A Eid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Medhat Taha
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Lashin S Lashin
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Jan SA, Habib N, Shinwari ZK, Ali M, Ali N. The anti-diabetic activities of natural sweetener plant Stevia: an updated review. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the key metabolic diseases cause due to defects in the secretion of insulin, insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, or both. Plants remained an important source of nutrition as well as medicine. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is one of the important high qualities non-caloric sugar substitute sweetener plants against diabetes disease. The compounds like steviol, rebaudioside A, stevioside, etc. can lower the sugar level many fold. In addition, it decreases oxidative stress, hence reduces the risk of diabetes. Its leaves have been used for the control and treatment of diabetes and many other metabolic diseases. In animal model experiments it reduces blood sugar level and promotes liver and kidney functions. In this review, we highlighted the most recent literature on the safe use of Stevia for the treatment of diabetes, its use as a functional food, and its mode of therapeutic action in different animal model experiments. However, keeping Stevia as a model plant; detailed investigations are needed for the identification of new metabolites and its use against diabetes and related diseases.
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Dariushnejad H, Chodari L, Ghorbanzadeh V. The Combination Effect of Voluntary Exercise and Crocin on Angiogenic miRNAs in High-Fat Diet/Low-Dose STZ-Induced Type2 Diabetes in Rats: miR-126 and miR-210. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As one of the major complications of diabetes, cardiovascular disease might result in early death in people with diabetes. miR-126 and 210 expressions undergo alterations in cardiac disease and cause heart failure. Methods: Animals were divided into the 5 groups of control (Con), diabetes (Dia), diabeticcrocin (Dia-Cro), diabetic-voluntary exercise (Dia-Exe), and diabetic-crocin-voluntary exercise (Dia-Cro-Exe). Type 2 diabetes was induced by the use of a high-fat diet (4 weeks) and injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (i.p, 35 mg/kg). Animals received crocin orally (50 mg/kg), and voluntary exercise was performed alone or together for 8 weeks. QRT–PCR method was used to determine the levels of miR-210 and miR-126 in cardiac tissue. Results: The levels of miR-210 and miR-126 in the cardiac tissue augmented in both the crocin and voluntary exercise groups in comparison with the non-treated group (p<0.001). The use of combination therapy with exercise and crocin magnified their effects on miR-210 and miR-126 levels (p<0.001). Moreover, MiR-210 levels were lower in the crocin group compared to the exercise group (p<0.001). Conclusion: The results indicated that voluntary exercise combined with crocin might provide a novel therapeutic plan for cardiovascular disease through increasing miR-210 and miR-126 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dariushnejad
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Leila Chodari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Medical Physiology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Vajihe Ghorbanzadeh
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Gholizadeh F, Dastghaib S, Koohpeyma F, Bayat E, Mokarram P. The protective effect of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni on serum hormone levels, key steroidogenesis enzymes, and testicular damage in testes of diabetic rats. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:833-840. [PMID: 31420111 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a kind of metabolic endocrine diseases, which has various effects on the gonadal system. The current study aimed to examine the effect of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni extract on the mRNA expression involved in testosterone synthesis, and stereological parameters in rat testes, for improving diabetes complications. In this study, 48 rats were randomly classified into control, diabetic (streptozocin 60 mg/kg + nicotinamide 120 mg/kg), diabetic + Stevia (400 mg/kg), and diabetic + metformin (500 mg/kg) groups. Finally, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level, the serum level of LH and testosterone, the Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd17b3 gene expressions, and changes in the testis histology were evaluated. The results indicated a decrease in body weight, serum LH and testosterone level, the star gene expression, stereological changes of testes, and an increase in the FBS level in diabetic group, compared with the control group (P<0.05). Nonetheless, Stevia significantly reduced the FBS and increased the serum LH level, in comparison with diabetic rats (P<0.05), but no significant differences in the serum testosterone level and the Star gene expression has been found. Stevia also resulted in an increase in weight, testis volume, the number of sexual lineage cells, and sperm count and motility, compared to diabetic rats (P<0.05). Due to its antioxidant properties, Stevia enhanced the alteration in spermatogenesis and stereological characteristics in diabetic rat testes. Hence, Stevia could diminish the reproductive system problems and improve infertility in diabetic male rats.
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