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Ibukun FA, Ugalahi MO, Bekibele CO. Unilateral visual impairment and blindness in school children - prevalence and aetiology in Saki-East LGA of Oyo State, Nigeria. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:2117-2123. [PMID: 38448733 PMCID: PMC11269637 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study determined the prevalence and aetiology of unilateral visual impairment (VI) and blindness and its associated factors in school children. METHODS We conducted a multistage, cross-sectional study in primary and secondary schools of Saki-East Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Unilateral VI was defined as presenting visual acuity (PVA) worse than +0.3 LogMAR (6/12) and unilateral blindness as PVA worse than +1.3 LogMAR (3/60) in the worse eye. Detailed ocular examinations were performed for students with unilateral VI, and Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore associations with independent variables. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 11 ± 3.2 years. Thirty-six (0.98%) of 3671 children had unilateral VI, and fifteen children had unilateral blindness (0.41%), giving a combined prevalence of 1.39 ± 0.5%. History of ocular trauma was reported by 14 (27.5%) participants with unilateral VI and blindness. In addition, those with a history of ocular trauma were 6.5 times more likely to be blind or have a severe VI (95% CI 1.5-2.8) than those without a history of ocular trauma. Uncorrected refractive error was the major cause of unilateral VI in 26 (51%) participants, while traumatic cataract was the main cause of unilateral blindness seen in 5 (9.8%) participants, none of whom had a previous eye examination. CONCLUSION Fourteen per thousand school children had unilateral VI in this study; the major causes were refractive error and cataract, which are treatable. Ocular trauma was a significant risk factor for unilateral VI and blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folahan Adesola Ibukun
- Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Mary Ogbenyi Ugalahi
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Charles Obu Bekibele
- College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Li Y, Xu C, Liu Z, Qu Z, Xi W, Zhang X, Gao L. Effects of physical activity patterns on myopia among children and adolescents: A latent class analysis. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13296. [PMID: 38895956 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The daily physical activity (PA) patterns of children and adolescents are intricate and ambiguous, with varying effects on myopia resulting from different combinations of PA. This study aims to scrutinize the spectrum of PA patterns among children and adolescents and assess their impact on myopia. METHODS Data sourced from the 2014 National Student Physical Fitness Survey (Tianjin segment) encompassed PA records and visual acuity measurements of participants. Latent Class Analysis and a generalized linear model were employed to investigate the relationship between PA categories and visual acuity across different educational stages. RESULTS The study comprised 6465 primary and middle school students, among whom 50.13% were male. PA patterns were categorized into high (27.16%), medium (29.88%) and low visual acuity regulation groups (13.97%) and the nonmainstream group (28.99%). Following adjustments for sex, age, region and BMI, the medium visual acuity regulation group exhibited a lower risk of myopia (OR = 0.617, 95% CI = 0.424-0.897, p = 0.012; OR = 0.654, 95% CI = 0.438-0.976, p = 0.038) compared to the nonmainstream group among junior and senior middle school students. CONCLUSION The efficacy of diverse PA patterns in mitigating myopia risk varies across educational stages and is influenced by sex-specific factors. It is imperative to advance myopia management strategies by emphasizing tailored PA interventions, discerning between PA patterns and delivering timely guidance and interventions tailored to distinct educational stages and sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Department Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonghui Liu
- Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyi Qu
- Department Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Xi
- Department Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Nitzan I, Shakarchy N, Megreli J, Akavian I, Derazne E, Afek A, Peled A. Body mass index and visual impairment in Israeli adolescents: A nationwide study. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13083. [PMID: 37989292 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research on the association between body mass index (BMI) and visual impairment (VI) in youth has reported inconsistent findings. We aimed to investigate this association in a national cohort of Israeli adolescents. METHODS This retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study included 1 697 060 adolescents (56.4% men; mean age 17 years) who underwent mandatory pre-military service assessments from 1993 to 2017. BMI was classified based on the US age- and sex-matched percentiles. Unilateral or bilateral VI was classified as best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) worse than 6/9 in either or both eyes, respectively. Sex-stratified regression models adjusted for sociodemographic variables were used to analyse the BMI-VI relationship. RESULTS Overall, 17 871 (1.05%) and 5148 (0.30%) adolescents had unilateral and bilateral VI, respectively. Compared with high-normal BMI (50th to 85th percentile), adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for unilateral and bilateral VI gradually increased with higher BMI, reaching 1.33 (1.13-1.55) and 1.80 (1.37-2.35) in men with severe obesity, and 1.51 (1.24-1.84) and 1.52 (1.08-2.14) in women with severe obesity, respectively. Men with underweight also had increased ORs for unilateral and bilateral VI (1.23; 1.14-1.33 and 1.59; 1.37-1.84, respectively), a pattern not observed in women (0.96; 0.86-1.07 and 1.02; 0.83-1.25, respectively). Results were maintained when the outcome was restricted to mild VI, as well as in subgroups of adolescents with unimpaired health and those without moderate-to-severe myopia. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal BMI, and particularly obesity, is associated with increased OR for VI in late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Nitzan
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine and 'Tzameret', Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nitzan Shakarchy
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine and 'Tzameret', Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Megreli
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine and 'Tzameret', Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Inbal Akavian
- Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine and 'Tzameret', Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Estela Derazne
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Management, Chaim Sheba Medical Center at Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Alon Peled
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Assaf-Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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Masarwa D, Niazov Y, Ben Natan M, Mostovoy D. The role of parental health beliefs in seeking an eye examination for their child. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:269. [PMID: 37312052 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the role of parental health beliefs in parent seeking of eye examinations for their children, using the Health Belief Model. METHODS In this quantitative correlational survey study, 100 parents who presented to Barzilai University Medical Center in July 2021 to perform an eye examination to their child completed a questionnaire. RESULTS Only 29.6% of the parents knew that a vision screening is performed in first grade, and 10% of the parents were unsure about where to find local eye care for their kids. Moreover, 19% of the parents indicated that they were concerned that their child would be prescribed glasses unnecessarily, and 10% believed that wearing glasses would weaken their child's eyes. Various parental health beliefs regarding children's eye examinations were found associated with parent seeking of eye examinations for their child. Thus, perceived susceptibility (r = 0.52, p < 0.01), perceived benefits (r = 0.39, p < 0.01), and perceived barriers (r=-0.31, p < 0.01) are associated with parent seeking of eye examinations for their child. Also, parents' level of knowledge was associated with seeking eye examinations for their child (r = 0.20, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Parent perceptions of the child's susceptibility to vision problems and perceived barriers to seeking eye examinations predicted parents seeking of eye examinations for their child. Interventions aimed at increasing timely eye examinations among children should focus on raising parent awareness of vision problems in childhood, dispelling misconceptions, and providing parents with practical information regarding available services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dua Masarwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Yulia Niazov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Merav Ben Natan
- Pat Matthews Academic School of Nursing, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel.
| | - Dina Mostovoy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
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Santiago HC, Rullán M, Ortiz K, Rivera A, Nieves M, Piña J, Torres Z, Mercado Y. Prevalence of refractive errors in children of Puerto Rico. Int J Ophthalmol 2023; 16:434-441. [PMID: 36935800 PMCID: PMC10009595 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.03.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the prevalence of refractive error in 5- to 17-year-old schoolchildren in Puerto Rico. METHODS A quantitative descriptive study of 2867 children aged 5 to 17y from all seven educational regions of Puerto Rico was conducted from 2016-2019. Refractive error was determined via static and subjective refraction. Children with distance acuity ≤20/40 or near visual acuity ≤20/32 had a cycloplegic refraction. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, and t test calculations. RESULTS Twenty percent of the children had a spherical equivalent refractive error ≤ -0.50 D, 3.2% had a spherical equivalent ≥ +2.00 D, and 10.4% had astigmatism ≥1 D. There was a statistically (but non-clinically) significant myopic change in spherical equivalent refractive error with age (P<0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age (P<0.001) but not hyperopia (P=0.59) or astigmatism (P=0.51). Males had a significantly higher hyperopic spherical equivalent than females (P<0.001). Females had a higher prevalence of myopia (P<0.001) than males, but there was no difference in the hyperopia (P=0.74) or astigmatism prevalence (P=0.87). CONCLUSION The prevalence of a spherical equivalent equal to or less than -0.50 D (myopia, 20.7%) is one of the highest among similar-aged children worldwide. Further studies should explore the rate of myopia progression in children in Puerto Rico. Individual children must be monitored to examine the need for treatment of myopia progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor C Santiago
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Mayra Rullán
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Katerin Ortiz
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Andrés Rivera
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Mónica Nieves
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - José Piña
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Zulmaris Torres
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
| | - Yvette Mercado
- Inter American University of Puerto Rico, School of Optometry, 500 John Will Harris, Bayamón, Puerto Rico 00957, USA
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Kwarteng MA, Katsvanga CC, Kyei S. Childhood Vision Impairment and Refractive Error in Zimbabwe: A Hospital-based Retrospective Study. Ethiop J Health Sci 2022; 32:723-728. [PMID: 35950070 PMCID: PMC9341013 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v32i4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to determine the causes and distribution of vision impairment and refractive error among children in Zimbabwe. Methods A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among children (3–16) who attended the Eye Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe, from January 2010 to December 2020. Patients' records were collated, and variables such as visual acuity, ocular morbidities, and vision impairment were analysed. Results During this time, 1038 children with mean age of 10.63 ± 3.54 years visited the facility. The majority of them were males (53.2%). Prior to treatment, 9.9% of the children had vision impairment which reduced to 3.5% after intervention. Uncorrected refractive error accounted for the majority of vision impairment (67.0%), followed by keratoconus (7.8%), corneal opacity/ulceration (6.8%), and amblyopia (6.8%), among other conditions. Astigmatism (60.6%) was the most prevalent type of refractive error followed by myopia (37.5%). Conclusion The prevalence of childhood vision impairment is higher than that found in similar hospital-based studies conducted in Africa. The most common reason for childhood vision impairment was uncorrected refractive error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Agyemang Kwarteng
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe.,Discipline of Optometry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Chido Cleopatra Katsvanga
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe
| | - Samuel Kyei
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bindura University of Science Education, Zimbabwe.,Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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Signorini S, Luparia A, Cappagli G, Perotto E, Antonini M, Morelli F, Aprile G, Ballante E, Figini S, Borgatti R. Visual Function Score: A New Clinical Tool to Assess Visual Function and Detect Visual Disorders in Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:868974. [PMID: 35558364 PMCID: PMC9087345 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.868974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A comprehensive assessment of visual functioning at an early age is important not only for identifying and defining visual impairment but also for planning personalized rehabilitation programs based on the visual diagnosis. Since existing tools to evaluate visual functioning present some important limitations (e.g., they are based on qualitative reports, they do not take into account environmental adaptations of visual testing or they have not been formally validated as clinical instruments), the present work has the main aim to propose a new clinical tool (Visual Function Score, VFS) to detect and define visual disorders at an early age. METHODS The Visual Function Score was administered to one hundred visually impaired children (age range 4 months to 17.75 years old) in the form of a professional-reported protocol for a total of 51 items, each of which is assigned a score from 1 to 9 (or from 0 to 9 in some specific cases). The VFS produces three sub-scores and a global score (from 0 to 100), resulting in a quantitative evaluation of visual functioning. RESULTS The VFS can detect the well-known differences between different types of visual impairment (cerebral, oculomotor, and peripheral or grouped as central and peripheral) and takes into account different environments in the definition of a quantitative score of visual functioning. DISCUSSION Overall, the use of a quantitative tool to evaluate visual functions and functional vision such as the VFS would be fundamental to monitor the progresses of patients over time in response to rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Signorini
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Luparia
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Cappagli
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Perotto
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Antonini
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Morelli
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Aprile
- Developmental Neuro-ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Ballante
- BioData Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Figini
- BioData Science Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Pinhole does not increase screening accuracy of detecting decreased best corrected visual acuity in schoolchildren. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:416. [PMID: 34856946 PMCID: PMC8638540 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Decreased best corrected visual acuity among children should be treated early in life, and vision screening in schoolchildren is an efficient and feasible selection for developing countries. Thus, the screening accuracy of different visual acuity tests is the key point for making vision screening strategies. The present study aims to explore the screening accuracy of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and pin-hole corrected visual acuity (PCVA) using different vision chart in the detection of decreased best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) among schoolchildren. Methods Grade one primary schoolchildren in urban Lhasa with data of UCVA using tumbling E chart (UCVAE), PCVA using tumbling E chart (PCVAE), UCVA using Lea Symbols chart (UCVAL), PCVA using Lea Symbols chart (PCVAL) and BCVA using Lea Symbols chart were reviewed. Decreased BCVA was defined as BCVA≤20/32(≥0.2 logMAR). Difference, reliability, and diagnostic parameters in the detection of decreased BCVA of different visual acuity results were analyzed. Results Overall, 1672 children aged 6.58 ± 0.44 years fulfilling the criteria. The prevalence of decreased BCVA was 6.8%. Although no significant differences were found between UCVAE vs UCVAL (p = .84, paired t-test) as well as PCVAE vs PCVAL (p = .24), the ICC between them was low (0.68 and 0.57, respectively). The average difference between BCVA and UCVAE, UCVAL, PCVAE, PCVAL was logMAR -0.08 (− 0.37, 0.21), − 0.08 (− 0.29, 0.17), − 0.05 (− 0.30, 0.19), − 0.06 (− 0.23, 0.12) using Bland–Altman method. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of UCVAE, PCVAE, UCVAL, PCVAL for the detection of decreased BCVA was 0.78 (0.73, 0.84), 0.76 (0.71, 0.82), 0.95 (0.94, 0.96), 0.93 (0.91, 0.95), respectively. Conclusion Pinhole does not increase the screening accuracy of detecting decreased BCVA in grade one primary schoolchildren. Visual acuity test using Lea Symbols is more efficient than Tumbling E in the screening of that age. Trial registration Data were maily from the Lhasa Childhood Eye Study which has finished the clinical registration on (ChiCTR1900026693).
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Sengo DB, Dos Santos IIDB, Faquihe MF, Tomo HBJF, Muaprato AM, Puchar S, Lôbo GMRJ, López-Izquierdo I, Caballero P. The Prevalence of Visual Impairment and Refractive Errors among a Youth Population in Mozambique: Evidence of the Need for Intervention. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:892. [PMID: 34682157 PMCID: PMC8534347 DOI: 10.3390/children8100892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Visual impairment (VI) can significantly interfere in the child's daily activities and quality of life, having a negative effect on their development and learning. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of VI and associated demographic factors in students examined during the program "Moçambique te vejo melhor". This study was cross-sectional and retrospective, based on the 2018/19 edition of the program. Eye examinations were performed in secondary school students, aged between 12 and 20 years, of five districts in Nampula province. The examination included visual acuity, non-cycloplegic refraction and assessment of the anterior and posterior segment and ocular adnexa. The prevalence of uncorrected, presenting and best-corrected VI found was 18.3%, 10.8%, and 5.0%, respectively. Refractive error (RE) had a prevalence of 24.7%, and the age groups between 15-17 years and 18-20 years were significantly associated with myopia (with OR: 4.9 and OR: 8.8, respectively), as well as the 11th and 12th grade (OR: 8.1 and OR: 10.7, respectively), and Malema district had association with myopia (ORa: 0.4) and hyperopia (ORa: 0.4 and OR: 0.3) as a protective factor. The prevalence of RE and VI was relatively high, showing the need for greater intervention at the school level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulnério B. Sengo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula City 3100, Mozambique; (D.B.S.); (I.I.D.B.D.S.); (M.F.F.); (H.B.J.F.T.); (A.M.M.); (S.P.); (G.M.R.J.L.)
| | - Isaura I. D. B. Dos Santos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula City 3100, Mozambique; (D.B.S.); (I.I.D.B.D.S.); (M.F.F.); (H.B.J.F.T.); (A.M.M.); (S.P.); (G.M.R.J.L.)
| | - Momade F. Faquihe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula City 3100, Mozambique; (D.B.S.); (I.I.D.B.D.S.); (M.F.F.); (H.B.J.F.T.); (A.M.M.); (S.P.); (G.M.R.J.L.)
| | - Hermenegildo B. J. F. Tomo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula City 3100, Mozambique; (D.B.S.); (I.I.D.B.D.S.); (M.F.F.); (H.B.J.F.T.); (A.M.M.); (S.P.); (G.M.R.J.L.)
| | - Alcino M. Muaprato
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula City 3100, Mozambique; (D.B.S.); (I.I.D.B.D.S.); (M.F.F.); (H.B.J.F.T.); (A.M.M.); (S.P.); (G.M.R.J.L.)
| | - Sualé Puchar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula City 3100, Mozambique; (D.B.S.); (I.I.D.B.D.S.); (M.F.F.); (H.B.J.F.T.); (A.M.M.); (S.P.); (G.M.R.J.L.)
| | - Guida M. R. J. Lôbo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula City 3100, Mozambique; (D.B.S.); (I.I.D.B.D.S.); (M.F.F.); (H.B.J.F.T.); (A.M.M.); (S.P.); (G.M.R.J.L.)
| | - Inmaculada López-Izquierdo
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, Optics Area, University of Seville, Reina Mercedes St., 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Pablo Caballero
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vision problems affect academic performance, social and mental health. Most traditional vision screening methods rely on human expert assessments based on a set of vision tests. As technology advances, new instruments and computerised tools are available for complementing vision screening. The scoping review based on this protocol aims to investigate current technologies for vision screening, what vision tests can be complemented by technologies, and how these can support vision screening by providing measurements. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The planned review will utilise the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) tool. Electronic search will be performed in databases, including Web of Science, MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, Engineering Village, Cochrane and Embase. We will perform a systematic search in selected reference databases without the limitation on publications dates, or country of studies. Reference management software, like EndNote and DistillerSR, will be used to remove duplicate entries. Two authors will independently analyse the studies for inclusion eligibility. Conflicts will be resolved by discussion. We will extract the types of technologies, types of vision tests they complement and the measurements for the included studies. Overall findings will be synthesised by thematic analysis and mapping to the logic model. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval is not required for this review, as it will only summarise existing published data. We will publish the findings in an open access, peer-reviewed journal. We expect that the review results will be useful for vision screening experts, developers, researchers, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Ali
- Department of Computer science, Electrical engineering and Mathematical sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Ilona Heldal
- Department of Computer science, Electrical engineering and Mathematical sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Carsten Gunnar Helgesen
- Department of Computer science, Electrical engineering and Mathematical sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
| | - Gunta Krumina
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marianne Nesbjørg Tvedt
- Department of Computer science, Electrical engineering and Mathematical sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Hordaland, Norway
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Hung HD, Chinh DD, Tan PV, Duong NV, Anh NQ, Le NH, Tuan HX, Anh NT, Duong NTT, Kien VD. The Prevalence of Myopia and Factors Associated with It Among Secondary School Children in Rural Vietnam. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1079-1090. [PMID: 32368006 PMCID: PMC7183771 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s251218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the prevalence of myopia and associated factors among secondary school children in a rural area of Vietnam.
Methods A school-based cross-sectional study of children in grades six to nine was conducted in four secondary schools in Hoang Mai town, Nghe An Province, Vietnam, during December 2018 and January 2019. The status of myopia was defined as a spherical equivalent objective refractive error of −0.50 D or worse in either eye. A case–control study was conducted to explore factors associated with myopia, where children with myopia were considered to be cases, and children without myopia were considered to be controls. Factors associated with myopia were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results The prevalence of myopia among secondary school children was 14.2% (95% CI: 12.7–15.7%) and tended to increase with grade, from 10.5% in grade six to 17.7% in grade nine. Myopia prevalence in girls was significantly higher than in boys. Factors associated with myopia were a mother with a college/university education (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.2–5.3), parents who wore spectacles (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.1–3.8), distance from near work (OR = 5.2, 95% CI = 3.5–7.9), and taking breaks after 30 minutes of continued reading (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.5). However, there were inverse associations with myopia for children belonging to the wealthiest households (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1–0.5) and time spent performing outdoor activities (OR = 0.6, 95% CI = 0.4–0.9). Conclusion Our study showed that the prevalence of myopia is considerable among secondary children in rural areas of Vietnam. The prevalence of myopia tended to increase among children in higher grade levels. Thus, appropriate interventions should be developed and conducted to deal with the issue of school-age myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Duc Hung
- Quynh Lap National Leprosy Dermatology Hospital, Hoang Mai Town, Nghe An, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Nguyen Viet Duong
- Quynh Lap National Leprosy Dermatology Hospital, Hoang Mai Town, Nghe An, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Ho Xuan Tuan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, The University of Da Nang, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Vu Duy Kien
- OnCare Medical Technology Company Limited, Hanoi, Vietnam
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