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Patridge E, Gorakshakar A, Molusky MM, Ogundijo O, Janevski A, Julian C, Hu L, Vuyisich M, Banavar G. Microbial functional pathways based on metatranscriptomic profiling enable effective saliva-based health assessments for precision wellness. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:834-842. [PMID: 38328005 PMCID: PMC10847690 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that an important step towards improving overall health is to accurately measure biomarkers of health from the molecular activities prevalent in the oral cavity. We present a general methodology for computationally quantifying the activity of microbial functional pathways using metatranscriptomic data. We describe their implementation as a collection of eight oral pathway scores using a large salivary sample dataset (n = 9350), and we evaluate score associations with oropharyngeal disease phenotypes within an unseen independent cohort (n = 14,129). Through this validation, we show that the relevant oral pathway scores are significantly worse in individuals with periodontal disease, acid reflux, and nicotine addiction, compared with controls. Given these associations, we make the case to use these oral pathway scores to provide molecular health insights from simple, non-invasive saliva samples, and as molecular endpoints for actionable interventions to address the associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Patridge
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Anmol Gorakshakar
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | | | - Oyetunji Ogundijo
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Angel Janevski
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Cristina Julian
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Lan Hu
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | | | - Guruduth Banavar
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
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Niu X, Rong X, Sun H. Potential interaction of sugar intake and tobacco exposure on dental caries in adults-A cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1792-1800. [PMID: 39035310 PMCID: PMC11259629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose We suspected that there might be an interaction between sugar intake and tobacco exposure on the risk of dental caries. The study aimed to investigate the associations of sugar intake or tobacco exposure with the risk of dental caries. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study obtained data of 18804 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2018. Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to explore the associations of total sugar intake or tobacco exposure with the risk of dental caries. The relative excess risk of interaction (RERI), attributable proportion of interaction (API), and synergy index (SI) evaluated the interaction between total sugar intake and tobacco exposure on the risk of dental caries. The effect size of odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) was inputted. Results The OR of dental caries in adults with cotinine >10 ng/mL was 1.59 (95%CI: 1.38-1.82). The increased risk of dental caries was found in people with total sugar >19.5%E compared to those with total sugar ≤19.5%E (OR = 1.55, 95%CI: 1.34-1.78). Compared to people with cotinine ≤10 ng/mL and total sugar ≤19.5%E, adults with cotinine >10 ng/mL and total sugar >19.5%E were correlated with elevated risk of dental caries (OR = 2.76, 95%CI: 2.29-3.33). The interaction indicators RERI was 0.980 (95%CI: 0.413-1.547), API was 0.355 (95%CI: 0.192-0.517), and SI was 2.250 (95%CI: 1.344-3.767). Conclusion There might be interaction between sugar intake and tobacco exposure on the occurrence of dental caries in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Niu
- Department of Endodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoan Rong
- Nantong University, Medical School, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hantang Sun
- Department of Endodontics and Oral Mucosal Diseases, The Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Khan MA, Vichayanrat T, Ngoenwiwatkul Y. The association between smoking and smokeless tobacco use with dental caries among Pakistani patients. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:723. [PMID: 38915022 PMCID: PMC11197218 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is widely recognised as a significant risk factor for oral cancer and periodontal diseases. However, the relationship between various types of tobacco use and dental caries has been inconsistent. This study aimed to determine the association between smoking and smokeless tobacco and dental caries among patients in a tertiary care hospital in Quetta, Pakistan. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021 among patients in a tertiary care hospital in Quetta, Pakistan. Oral examinations and interviews were performed according to the WHO Oral Health Survey basic methods (5th edition) to determine dental caries status, tobacco use, and oral health behaviours. The odds ratio and binary logistic regression were analysed to assess the association between the types (smoking tobacco, smokeless tobacco, and use of both types), duration, and frequency of tobacco use and high caries level (DMFT ≥ 5). RESULTS Four hundred participants aged 18-65 were included, and 67.8% were tobacco users. Use of both smoking and smokeless tobacco (aOR = 14.7, 95%CI = 1.87-115.96, p = 0.011), smokeless tobacco only (aOR = 5.90, 95%CI = 1.89-18.37, p = 0.002), and smoking only (aOR = 2.18, 95%CI = 1.23-3.88, p = 0.008) were associated with significantly increased risk of high caries. Using tobacco for longer periods and more frequently daily also significantly increases the risk of high caries. CONCLUSION Smoking and smokeless tobacco are significantly associated with high dental caries after adjusting for other factors. Due to the high severity of dental caries and the high prevalence of tobacco use among Pakistani patients in this study, it is highly recommended to strengthen policies aimed at reducing tobacco usage, including smokeless forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azad Khan
- Master of Science in Dentistry Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- Community Dentistry Department, Sandeman Provincial Civil Hospital, Anscomb Road, Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
| | - Tippanart Vichayanrat
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Yaowaluk Ngoenwiwatkul
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, 6 Yothi Street, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Božac E, Paljević E, Sever E, Braut A, Špalj S, Peršić Bukmir R. Clinical characteristics and caries risk assessment of tobacco heating systems smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:382. [PMID: 38888700 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study compared clinical characteristics and caries risk assessments between tobacco heating system (THS) smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS General data, data regarding fluoridation, smoking and dietary habits was obtained through a questionnaire. Caries experience was assessed by the DMFT index; the amount of biofilm by the Full mouth plaque score index; the amount of salivation by the quantum of stimulated salivation test; salivary pH with pH indicator strips and salivary number of S.mutans and Lactobacilli by cultivation on agar plates. The Cariogram method was used to assess caries risk. RESULTS No differences between the groups was detected regarding education level, average daily number of meals, fluoridation programs, systemic diseases, and caries experience. The groups significantly differed in the amount of salivary S.mutans and Lactobacilli (p < 0.001), accumulated biofilm (p = 0.034), salivation quantum (p < 0.001), and saliva pH (p = 0.009). Exposure to tobacco smoke and heated tobacco aerosol increased the accumulation of biofilm and decreased salivary pH. Smoking increased S. mutans, while THS consumption decreased salivation and Lactobacilli the most. The Cariogram analysis found no differences in chances of avoiding new caries lesions between the groups, but a significant difference in developing caries lesions due to dietary habits was detected (p < 0.001) with non-smokers having higher risk than smokers, but not than THS consumers. CONCLUSIONS THS and cigarette smoking were related to clinical characteristics that affect caries activity even though the caries risk assessment revealed no significant difference in the chances of avoiding new caries lesions between the groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE THS and cigarette smokers could have higher caries activity than non-smokers. The clinical study protocol has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the ID number: NCT06314100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Božac
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Ema Paljević
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ella Sever
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alen Braut
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stjepan Špalj
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Romana Peršić Bukmir
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Harrandah A, Bahatheq J, Mandourah M, Kaki W, Alandonisi A, Subahi M, Hanafi R, Sembawa S, Bamaga I. Effect of different types of smoking on oral health and on cellular changes in oral mucosa. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:880-886. [PMID: 38883901 PMCID: PMC11178963 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Smoking is known to be a major risk factor for several diseases. Recently, electronic cigarettes have been introduced to the market; however, their effect on oral health has not been well studied yet. We aim to compare the effect of different types of smoking on oral health and to evaluate cytomorphological changes in oral mucosa among different types of smokers. Study design A total of 112 participants were recruited, conventional cigarette smokers (n = 28), electronic cigarettes smokers (n = 26), hookah smokers (n = 29) and non-smokers (n = 29). Oral examination, brush cytology and salivary flow test were performed. Cytological smears were stained and examined for cytomorphological changes. Oral symptoms, type, and frequency of smoking were obtained through questionnaires. SPSS program was used for statistical analysis. Results Most of the oral symptoms reported in this study were among conventional and electronic cigarettes smokers. While hookah smokers reported the least oral symptoms. Increase in DMFT and gingival index were observed among all smokers, mainly among conventional cigarettes smokers. Conventional cigarette and hookah smokers were found to have the most significant cellular changes. Electronic cigarette smokers had certain cellular changes as well. Conclusion All types of smoking adversely affect oral health and can induce cellular changes in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Harrandah
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Weaam Kaki
- College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mayar Subahi
- College of Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Hanafi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahinaz Sembawa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem Bamaga
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Saudi Arabia
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Zemolin NAM, Rauber ED, Brondani B, Knorst JK, Mendes FM, Ardenghi TM. Impact of licit and illicit substances on the oral health-related quality of life in adolescents. Oral Dis 2024; 30:688-696. [PMID: 36740896 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of the consumption of licit and illicit substances on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents from public schools in the south of Brazil. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out with a random sample of adolescents aged between 17 and 18 years old from Santa Maria, Brazil. The consumption of licit and illicit substances was measured through a self-administered questionnaire with questions from the National Survey of Scholar Health. The OHRQoL was collected using the Brazilian short version of Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14). Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to estimate the association between the outcome and the explanatory variables where the adolescents (first level) were nested in their schools (second level). RESULTS A total of 768 adolescents were evaluated. Of these, about 15.6% have already used illegal substances. Adolescents who reported the use of illicit substances had 28% higher CPQ11-14 scores when compared to their counterparts. Alcohol use was also related to worse levels of OHRQoL, while the consumption of cigarettes acted as a protective factor. CONCLUSIONS This study found an association between the use of alcohol and illicit drugs with worse levels of OHRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Everton Daniel Rauber
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Bruna Brondani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fausto Medeiros Mendes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Jin B, Chen H, Liu P, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang C, Jia Y, Zou R, Niu L. Assessing the association between tea intake and risk of dental caries and periodontitis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4728. [PMID: 38413668 PMCID: PMC10899219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54860-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Tea is an indispensable beverage in people's daily life. However, the relationship between tea intake and dental caries and periodontitis is controversial. We extracted datasets for tea intake and oral diseases from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) conducted by the UK Biobank and the Gene Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints consortium. We selected 38 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with tea intake as instrumental variables (IVs) (P < 5.0 × 10-8). Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to investigate the potential causality between tea intake and caries and periodontitis. Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses were utilized to estimate causal effects of tea intake on risk of caries and periodontitis after adjusting for smoking, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic factors. The results showed that higher tea intake was suggestively associated with fewer natural teeth (β = - 0.203; 95% CI = 0.680 to 0.980; P = 0.029) and higher risk of periodontitis (OR = 1.622; 95% CI = 1.194 to 2.205; P = 0.002). After Bonferroni correction, the causality of tea intake on periodontitis remained significant. The significance of periodontitis disappeared after adjusting for the socioeconomic factors in MVMR (OR = 1.603; 95% CI = 0.964 to 2.666; P = 0.069). Tea intake had no association with risk of caries. Statistical insignificance of the heterogeneity test and pleiotropy test supported the validity of the MR study. Our results provide insight into the potential relationship between tea intake and oral diseases from a dietary lifestyle perspective, which may help prevent oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Batı BÇ, Buduneli N, Meriç P. Examining awareness of tobacco's oral health effects: Dentists' role in smoking cessation among dental patients. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-41. [PMID: 38370493 PMCID: PMC10870343 DOI: 10.18332/tid/176227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco products are well-known as a major risk factor for systemic and oral diseases. Dentists may play an important role in the prevention and progression of oral problems related to smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of awareness about the poor oral health effects of tobacco products and the role of dentists in smoking cessation among dental patients. METHODS A survey containing 40 questions was prepared, and patients seeking dental treatment between June and October 2019 at the School of Dentistry, Ege University, were asked to participate. The survey included demographic variables in the first part, habits of using tobacco products in the second part, relations between smoking and oral health, and the possible role of dentists in smoking cessation in the last part. Data were tested statistically by Mann Whitney U and chi-squared tests. RESULTS A total of 501 patients participated in the survey; more than half of the participants were non-smokers (63.7%). Cigarettes (95.06%), hookah (7.69%), e-cigarettes (2.75%), and cigars (1.65%) were the most frequently consumed tobacco products. The biggest obstacle to quitting smoking was 'having smoker friends'. The rate of non-smokers (41.4%) agreeing that smoking is related to periodontal diseases was more than that of smokers (32.4%) (p<0.05). The most known side effect of tobacco products was halitosis (81.6%). Half of the respondents (46.7%) did not know about dentists' role in helping them quit smoking. The rate of participants previously recommended by a dentist to quit smoking was only 36%. CONCLUSIONS The aesthetic and social consequences of using tobacco products are well known, but smokers are substantially less aware than non-smokers of the relationship between tobacco products and oral diseases. The present findings suggest that dentists should inform their patients about the detrimental effects of tobacco products and play an active role in advising them to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Çalışkan Batı
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Nurcan Buduneli
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
| | - Pınar Meriç
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Türkiye
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Subedi K, Sigdel B, Khanal PP, Sharma D, Chaudhary G, Singh AK, Paneru S. Dental caries, tobacco usage and associated risk factor of dental caries in patients visiting a government hospital in Western, Nepal. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:219. [PMID: 38342887 PMCID: PMC10859024 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental caries, tobacco usage, and associated risk factors for dental caries in patients who visited a government hospital in Western, Nepal. METHODS This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022. Patients above 18 years visiting the dental OPD of a government hospital, and who had provided informed consent were enrolled in the study using a convenience sampling technique. As the study also involved an illiterate population, in that case, informed consent was obtained from their respective legal guardian as well. A pretested standardized, close-ended questionnaire was administered by researchers to gather information regarding the associated risk factors and oral hygiene practices. Clinical examination was done for dental caries according to the criteria by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the "DMFT" index (WHO modification 1987). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done and the odds ratio and p-value was calculated. For all tests, statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 219 participants completed the study with a mean age of 31.73 ± 12.46. The prevalence of dental caries and tobacco was found to be 80.36% and 5.02% respectively. Participants without health insurance had 2.35 times higher odds of dental caries (95% CI: 1.03-5.36). Not rinsing the mouth after eating sweets was associated with 3.07 times higher odds of dental caries (95% CI: 1.31-7.18). Those who hadn't visited a dentist in the past 12 months had lower odds (0.42; 95% CI: 0.18-0.94). Eating fresh fruit daily showed statistically higher odds (2.70; 95% CI: 1.04-6.99) of dental caries. Non-tobacco users had higher odds (14.19; 2.55-78.99) of dental caries. CONCLUSION Dental caries is highly prevalent, while tobacco usage is relatively low. Factors associated with dental caries included lack of health insurance coverage, consumption of fruits once daily, recent dental visits within the past year, not rinsing the mouth with water after consuming sweets, and non-tobacco users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Subedi
- Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Bhawana Sigdel
- Department of Dentistry, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Purna Prasad Khanal
- Orthodontic Unit, Dental Department, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Deepa Sharma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal
| | | | | | - Sunil Paneru
- Department of Dentistry, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
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Chen S, Liu Q, Yu X, Zeng X. Common risk factors for dental caries and impaired glucose regulation in Guangxi, China. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:219-228. [PMID: 37691409 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of caries and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and try to investigate their common risk factors among adult residents in Guangxi province. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 2993 adults from five different areas of Guangxi province. The sociodemographic data, history of personal habits such as diet and physical activities, physical measurements, oral examination results and biochemical laboratory test data were collected to establish a database and prepare a sound research model. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyse the risk factors for dental caries and IGR. RESULTS The prevalence rate for caries was 85.9%, and the mean DMFT score was 7.35. In multiple logistic regression, after adjustment, education level, occupation, daily consumption of vegetables, weekly consumption of carbonated beverages and weekly exercise were associated with caries (odds ratio [OR]: 2.10, OR: 1.80, OR: 1.40, OR: 2.45, OR: 2.38). The prevalence of IGR was 33.5%, and after adjustment, results showed that occupation, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein-C levels and low-density lipoprotein-C levels were significantly associated with IGR (OR: 0.80, OR: 1.70, OR: 1.56, OR: 1.88, OR: 1.60, OR: 1.43, OR: 1.48). The strength of association between caries/IGR and risk factors was a weak association or moderate association. CONCLUSIONS We have not found common risk factors between dental caries and IGR. Therefore, further studies are needed to explore these common risk factors to prevent caries and IGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Chen
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Oral Health Policy Research, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiulin Liu
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Oral Health Policy Research, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueting Yu
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Oral Health Policy Research, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaojuan Zeng
- Department of Dental Public Health, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Oral Health Policy Research, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Oral Infectious Diseases, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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11
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Javed K, Nasir MZ, Jalees M, Manzoor MA. Role of diet and dietary habits in causing dental caries among adults reporting to a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan; a case-control study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23117. [PMID: 38144297 PMCID: PMC10746458 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the association of diet and dietary practices with dental caries among adults. Design A case-control study. Setting Operative Department, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan. Participants 300 participants of both genders, aged 25-50 years. Interventions A food frequency questionnaire and a patient proforma were used to determine the frequency and preferences of diet and dietary habits that may be associated with dental caries among adults, respectively. The diet and dietary habits of 150 adults with caries (cases) were compared with those of 150 adults without dental caries (control). An independent sample T-test was applied to determine the difference in mean age. Mann-Whitney and Chi-Square tests were applied to determine the significance of diet and dietary habits respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis determined the odd ratio change in significant variables. P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results Refined sugar (p-value = 0.69), fruit juices (p-value = 0.45), carbonated beverages (p-value = 0.91), duration of consumption of sugary food (p-value = 0.07), and frequency of brushing (p-value = 0.15) were not found to be significantly associated with dental caries in adults. The gender (p-value = 0.02), preferred time for eating sugary foods (p-value <0.001), smoking (p-value <0.001), and tea consumption (p-value = 0.02) were found to be significantly associated with dental caries. Conclusion Adults who regularly consumed sugar as a snack other than regular mealtimes were more likely to be associated with dental caries. Men, smokers, and adults who frequently took shots of sugar with their tea were more likely to be associated with dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Javed
- Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Maham Jalees
- Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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12
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Paulo AC, Lança J, Almeida ST, Hilty M, Sá-Leão R. The upper respiratory tract microbiota of healthy adults is affected by Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:199. [PMID: 37658443 PMCID: PMC10474643 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microbiota of the upper respiratory tract is increasingly recognized as a gatekeeper of respiratory health. Despite this, the microbiota of healthy adults remains understudied. To address this gap, we investigated the composition of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal microbiota of healthy adults, focusing on the effect of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children. RESULTS Differential abundance analysis indicated that the microbiota of the oropharynx was significantly different from that of the nasopharynx (P < 0.001) and highly discriminated by a balance between the classes Negativicutes and Bacilli (AUC of 0.979). Moreover, the oropharynx was associated with a more homogeneous microbiota across individuals, with just two vs. five clusters identified in the nasopharynx. We observed a shift in the nasopharyngeal microbiota of carriers vs. noncarriers with an increased relative abundance of Streptococcus, which summed up to 30% vs. 10% in noncarriers and was not mirrored in the oropharynx. The oropharyngeal microbiota of smokers had a lower diversity than the microbiota of nonsmokers, while no differences were observed in the nasopharyngeal microbiota. In particular, the microbiota of smokers, compared with nonsmokers, was enriched (on average 16-fold) in potential pathogenic taxa involved in periodontal diseases of the genera Bacillus and Burkholderia previously identified in metagenomic studies of cigarettes. The microbiota of adults with contact with children resembled the microbiota of children. Specifically, the nasopharyngeal microbiota of these adults had, on average, an eightfold increase in relative abundance in Streptococcus sp., Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae, pathobionts known to colonize the children's upper respiratory tract, and a fourfold decrease in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that, in adults, the presence of S. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx is associated with a shift in the microbiota and dominance of the Streptococcus genus. Furthermore, we observed that smoking habits are associated with an increase in bacterial genera commonly linked to periodontal diseases. Interestingly, our research also revealed that adults who have regular contact with children have a microbiota enriched in pathobionts frequently carried by children. These findings collectively contribute to a deeper understanding of how various factors influence the upper respiratory tract microbiota in adults. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cristina Paulo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - João Lança
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sónia T Almeida
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Markus Hilty
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Sá-Leão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química E Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
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13
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Hashemipour M, Poyayi M, Roshani A. KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF IRANIAN DENTAL STUDENTS ABOUT SMOKING CESSATION COUNSELING. Ann Ib Postgrad Med 2023; 21:62-69. [PMID: 38298340 PMCID: PMC10811706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and Aims Today, smoking is recognized as the biggest cause of preventable premature death. dentists can play a very important role in motivating and providing smoking cessation counseling and play this role of line requires gaining sufficient knowledge and education during the student period. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge and attitude of dental students in Kerman in the field of smoking cessation counseling. Methods and materials This study was descriptive-analytical and crosssectional. The study population was fourth, fifth and sixth year dental students. A questionnaire was used to assess participants knowledge and attitude towards smoking cessation, using the 5 As of smoking cessation. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS 21, t-test and chi-square software. Results This study showed that the mean score of students' knowledge was 2.13 ± 14.12. There was a significant relationship between knowledge score, gender (women more than men) and the presence of a smoker in the family (P = 0.01, 0.001, respectively). Also, the mean attitude score was 36.25 41 5.41. There was a significant relationship between attitude score, gender (women more than men) and the presence of a smoker in the family (P = 0.01, respectively). Conclusion Results of this study showed that the students have good knowledge of the 5As (Ask, Advice, Assess, Assist, Arrange) but that they did not have much information about some parameters under Assess. Also, they have a positive attitude in this regard. Moreover, students believed that time limitations in dental visits and concerns on the effectiveness of smoking cessation consultations are the major obstacle in implementing a smoking cessation plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Hashemipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M. Poyayi
- Kerman Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - A. Roshani
- Kerman Social Determinants on Oral Health Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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14
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Mohammadi A, Darbandi M, Pasdar Y, Mohebi M, Kamari N, Ziaei N, Najafi F. The Healthy Eating Index and oral health among adults: a cross-sectional study from an Iranian RaNCD cohort data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11706. [PMID: 37474607 PMCID: PMC10359248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the association between decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and nutritional status measured by Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015), in Iranian adults. In this cross-sectional study, data from the Ravansar non-communicable diseases cohort study were analyzed. DMFT index was employed as a measurement of oral health. The HEI-2015 score was calculated based on data obtained from Food Frequency Questionnaire and categorized into quartiles. Linear regression models were used to assess the association between HEI-2015 and DMFT. From total of 7549 participants with the mean age of 45.65 ± 7.70, 3741 of them were female (49.56%). The mean of DMFT in the highest quartile of HEI-2015 was lower than the lowest quartile (12.64 ± 7.04 vs. 14.29 ± 7.54, P < 0.001). The mean of DMFT in subject who had higher socioeconomic status (SES (was significantly lower than those with low SES (P < 0.001). The mean of DMFT in the lowest quartile of HEI-2015 was significantly lower than in the highest quartile, after adjusting for confounding variables (ß = - 0.11, 95% CI - 0.54, - 0.30). The increasing dairy intake (β = - 0.08, 95% CI - 0.13, - 0.03) was associated with decreasing DMFT score and increasing refined grains (β = 0.20, 95% CI 0.02, 0.35) and sodium (β = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02, 0.12) intake was significantly associated with increasing DMFT score. A healthy diet was associated with a decrease in DMFT score in the studied population. Following a healthy diet is recommended for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mohammadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Darbandi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohebi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Negin Kamari
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Narges Ziaei
- Periodontology Department, Dental School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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15
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Kanzow P, Mielke K, Hrasky V, Wiegand S, Schliephake H, Beutner D, Wiegand A. Oral health in HPV-positive and HPV-negative patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1083067. [PMID: 36776286 PMCID: PMC9909218 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1083067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study compared oral health in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients with positive or negative human papillomavirus (HPV) status and analysed whether oral health was associated with survival. Patients referred for dental assessment prior to radio(chemo)therapy between 2009 and 2019 were included. Patient-related risk factors for OPSCC (alcohol, tobacco, HPV status), age, sex, treatment (primary treatment, intent), performance status, tumor/node/metastasis (TNM) staging, and oral health parameters (DMFT, periodontal status, teeth with/without root canal treatment and with/without periodontitis apicalis) were compared between HPV-negative and HPV-positive patients. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier statistics. The effect of patient-related risk factors and oral health parameters was analysed by cox regression analyses (α=5%). A total of 119 patients (n=50 HPV-negative, n=69 HPV-positive) was included. HPV-positive patients showed more present teeth, a higher number of filled teeth, were less often edentulous and presented a lower DMFT compared to HPV-negative patients (padj.≤0.003). Among dentulous patients, HPV-positive patients showed more present teeth and fewer teeth with periodontitis apicalis lacking a root canal treatment (padj.≤0.036). Survival probability differed between groups (p=0.006) and trended towards being associated with HPV status, tobacco exposure, performance status, T stage, N stage, and the number of missing or filled teeth as well as the number of root canal treated teeth with periodontitis apicalis and the number of teeth with periodontitis apicalis lacking a root canal treatment (p≤0.077). However, only tobacco exposure, performance status, and the number of teeth with periodontitis apicalis lacking a root canal treatment in dentulous patients remained significant in the multivariate analyses (p≤0.047). HPV-negative patients with OPSCC showed a poorer oral health compared to HPV-positive patients, but survival was not associated with oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kanzow
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,*Correspondence: Philipp Kanzow,
| | - Katharina Mielke
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentina Hrasky
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Wiegand
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Beutner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Shi M, Liu X, Song Q, Shi Y, Tai Q. Meta-analysis of the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene and the susceptibility to Graves' disease in children. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220589. [PMID: 37128592 PMCID: PMC10148602 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the correlation between the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) gene and genetic susceptibility to Graves' disease (GD) in children. Some studies found that the CTLA-4 gene polymorphism was associated with GD in children. The data up to February 2022 were retrieved from the databases. Stata 15.0 software was used for meta-analysis. A total of seven studies were included in our research. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CTLA-4 gene in general and Asian populations was correlated with children's susceptibility to GD (A vs G: OR = 0.75, 95% CI (0.660-0.86); GG vs AA: OR = 1.34, 95% CI (1.04-1.73); AG vs AA: OR = 1.32, 95% CI (1.02-1.10); AG + GG vs AA: OR = 3.81, 95% CI (2.17-6.70); GG vs AA + AG: OR = 1.23, 95% CI (1.05-1.45)). In summary, the rs231775 locus polymorphism in the CLTA-4 gene may be a risk factor for GD in Asian children. The G allele may be a susceptibility factor, while the allele A may be a protective factor against GD in Asian children. In the future, more large-scale studies may be needed to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mili Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Qiuyan Song
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Yijie Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
| | - Qirui Tai
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Yuxi City, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China
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17
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Karaman E, Yazıcı AR, Doğan BG, Gökalp S, Eni N, Etçi Ş, Yazıcı MK. Oral Health Status of Outpatients with Schizophrenia in Ankara, Türkiye: A Descriptive Study. TURK PSIKIYATRI DERGISI = TURKISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2023; 34:262-271. [PMID: 38173327 PMCID: PMC10786350 DOI: 10.5080/u27364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the oral health status and denture treatment needs of a group of outpatients with schizophrenia. METHODS One hundred and eighty-eight patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were evaluated. Socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, alcohol consumption, smoking status, oral hygiene attitudes, medical status, medications and the data related to dental visit were obtained via structured questionnaire of 45 questions. Medication information were confirmed from hospital records. The DMFT score (the Total of decayed, missing and filled teeth), denture status, Community Periodontal Index of Treatment (CPITN) and attachment loss were recorded in accordance with the criteria defined by the WHO. RESULTS The mean DMFT score was 11.1±8.6. Total number of teeth decreased, while the number of decayed teeth and DMFT scores increased with age (p<0.001). There was no relationship between the anticholinergic effects of antipsychotics and the teeth count, number of decayed, filled and missing teeth, and the DMFT scores. The CPITN assessment revealed that 71.6% of the patients had healthy periodontium, 7.4% exhibited gingival bleeding upon probing, and 21% had dental calculus. Psychotropic medication and tooth brushing habits were associated with CPITN scores. Male sex was associated with higher frequency of denture need (p<0.001), while no association was observed with the education level and antipsychotic use (p>0.001). CONCLUSION Physicians and dentists have to work in coordination to maintain good oral health of patients with schizophrenia. Patients should be encouraged for regular dental check-ups and dentist should take utmost care of the oral hygiene maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Karaman
- Assoc. Prof., Ondokuz Mayıs University School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Samsun
| | - Ayşe Rüya Yazıcı
- Prof, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Ankara
| | - Bahar Güçiz Doğan
- Prof., Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health, Ankara
| | - Saadet Gökalp
- Retired Prof., Hacettepe University School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara
| | - Nurhayat Eni
- Nurse, Hacettepe University School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ankara
| | - Şengül Etçi
- Dentist, DDS, PhD, Burdur Oral and Dental Health Center, Burdur, Turkey
| | - M. Kâzım Yazıcı
- Retired Prof., Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Departmentof Psychiatry, Ankara
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18
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Fee PA, Cassie H, Clarkson JE, Hall AF, Ricketts D, Walsh T, Goulão B. Development of a Root Caries Prediction Model in a Population of Dental Attenders. Caries Res 2022; 56:429-446. [PMID: 36044832 PMCID: PMC9808706 DOI: 10.1159/000526797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Root caries prevalence is increasing as populations age and retain more of their natural dentition. However, there is generally no accepted practice to identify individuals at risk of disease. There is a need for the development of a root caries prediction model to support clinicians to guide targeted prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to develop a prediction model for root caries in a population of regular dental attenders. Clinical and patient-reported predictors were collected at baseline by routine clinical examination and patient questionnaires. Clinical examinations were conducted at the 4-year timepoint by trained outcome assessors blind to baseline data to record root caries data at two thresholds - root caries present on any teeth (RC > 0) and root caries present on three or more teeth (RC ≥ 3). Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed with the number of participants with root caries at each outcome threshold utilized as the outcome and baseline predictors as the candidate predictors. An automatic backwards elimination process was conducted to select predictors for the final model at each threshold. The sensitivity, specificity, and c-statistic of each model's performance was assessed. A total of 1,432 patient participants were included within this prediction model, with 324 (22.6%) presenting with at least one root caries lesion, and 97 (6.8%) with lesions on three or more teeth. The final prediction model at the RC >0 threshold included increasing age, having ≥9 restored teeth at baseline, smoking, lack of knowledge of spitting toothpaste without rinsing following toothbrushing, decreasing dental anxiety, and worsening OHRQoL. The model sensitivity was 71.4%, specificity 69.5%, and c-statistic 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.81). The predictors included in the final prediction model at the RC ≥ 3 threshold included increasing age, smoking, and lack of knowledge of spitting toothpaste without rinsing following toothbrushing. The model sensitivity was 76.5%, specificity 73.6%, and c-statistic 0.81 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.86). To the authors' knowledge, this is the largest published root caries prediction model, with statistics indicating good model fit and providing confidence in its robustness. The performance of the risk model indicates that adults at risk of developing root caries can be accurately identified, with superior performance in the identification of adults at risk of multiple lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A. Fee
- Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK,*Patrick A. Fee,
| | | | | | | | | | - Tanya Walsh
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Beatriz Goulão
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Al-Marzooq F, Al Kawas S, Rahman B, Shearston JA, Saad H, Benzina D, Weitzman M. Supragingival microbiome alternations as a consequence of smoking different tobacco types and its relation to dental caries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2861. [PMID: 35190583 PMCID: PMC8861055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of smoking different tobacco types on the supragingival microbiome and its relation to dental caries. Forty supragingival plaque samples were collected from smokers of a single tobacco type and non-smokers seeking treatment at the University Dental Hospital Sharjah, UAE. DMFT (decayed, missing and filled teeth) was determined for all participants who were divided into two groups: no-low caries (NC-LC: DMFT = 0-4; n = 18) and moderate-high caries (MC-HC: DMFT = 5-20; n = 22). 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using third-generation sequencing with Nanopore technology. Microbiome composition and diversity were compared. Caries was most common among cigarette smokers. Supragingival microbiota were significantly altered among smokers of different tobacco types. In cigarette smokers, cariogenic bacteria from genus Streptococcus (including S. mutans) were significantly more among subjects with NC-LC, while Lactobacilli (including L. fermentum) were more among subjects with MC-HC. In medwakh smokers, several periodontopathogens were significantly elevated in subjects with NC-LC, while other pathogenic bacteria (as Klebsiella pneumoniae) were more in those with MC-HC. Cigarette and alternative tobacco smoking had a significant impact on the supragingival microbiome. Indeed, further studies are required to unravel the consequences of oral dysbiosis triggered by smoking. This could pave the way for microbiota-based interventional measures for restoring a healthy oral microbiome which could be a promising strategy to prevent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Al-Marzooq
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sausan Al Kawas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Betul Rahman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jenni A Shearston
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Hiba Saad
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dalenda Benzina
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O.Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Weitzman
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, USA
- College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, USA
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20
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Factors Associated with Tooth Loss in General Population of Bialystok, Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042369. [PMID: 35206557 PMCID: PMC8872086 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for tooth loss in the population of the city of Bialystok, in north-eastern Poland, taking into account the entire population and different age groups. The study included 1138 subjects divided into three subgroups: 20–44 years, 45–64 years, and 65–79 years. Participants were classified according to the number of teeth lost (0–8 vs. 9–28). Socio-economic variables, smoking history, and dental habits were collected through a questionnaire. Medical examinations provided data on the body mass index and the fasting blood glucose level. Data were statistically analysed using Mann-Whitney U, Student’s t, chi2 tests, and binary logistic regression, p < 0.05. Results: For the general population, being female (OR 1.38, 1.07–1.79, p = 0.015), having secondary education (OR 4.18, Cl 2.97–5.87, p < 0.000), higher body mass index (OR 1.13, Cl 1.10–1.17, p < 0.000), higher fasting blood glucose level (OR 1.03 1.03–1.04, p < 0.000), being former smoker (OR 1.72, Cl 1.29–2.31, p < 0.000), ever smoker (OR 1.69, Cl 1.29–2.20, p < 0.000), current smoker (OR 1.62, Cl 1.15–2.29, p < 0.006), longer smoking period (OR 1.11, Cl 1.09–1.14, p < 0.000), last visit to the dentist over a year ago (OR 1.92, Cl 0.44–2.58, p < 0.000) and tooth brushing less than two times a day (OR 1.6, Cl 1.14–2.23, p < 0.006) were associated with losing more than 8 teeth. In the subgroup aged 20–44 years, only smoking duration was a risk factor for tooth loss (p = 0.02). For the middle-aged and oldest groups, education level (respectively p < 0.001, and p = 0.001), body mass index (respectively, p < 0.001, and p = 0.037), smoking status ever/former/current (respectively p < 0.001 and p = 0.002), smoking status never/ever (respectively p < 0.001 and p = 0.009), smoking duration (p < 0.001) were related to tooth loss. Additionally, in the elderly group, fasting blood glucose level (p = 0.044) and frequency of dental visits (p = 0.007) were related to tooth loss. We concluded that in the evaluated population, tooth loss was associated with socio-demographic, medical, and behavioural factors.
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Nagasawa Y, Misaki T, Ito S, Naka S, Wato K, Nomura R, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Nakano K. Title IgA Nephropathy and Oral Bacterial Species Related to Dental Caries and Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:725. [PMID: 35054910 PMCID: PMC8775524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A relationship between IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and bacterial infection has been suspected. As IgAN is a chronic disease, bacteria that could cause chronic infection in oral areas might be pathogenetic bacteria candidates. Oral bacterial species related to dental caries and periodontitis should be candidates because these bacteria are well known to be pathogenic in chronic dental disease. Recently, several reports have indicated that collagen-binding protein (cnm)-(+) Streptococcs mutans is relate to the incidence of IgAN and the progression of IgAN. Among periodontal bacteria, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Campylobacte rectus were found to be related to the incidence of IgAN. These bacteria can cause IgAN-like histological findings in animal models. While the connection between oral bacterial infection, such as infection with S. mutans and periodontal bacteria, and the incidence of IgAN remains unclear, these bacterial infections might cause aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, which has been reported to cause IgA deposition in mesangial areas in glomeruli, probably through the alteration of microRNAs related to the expression of glycosylation enzymes. The roles of other factors related to the incidence and progression of IgA, such as genes and cigarette smoking, can also be explained from the perspective of the relationship between these factors and oral bacteria. This review summarizes the relationship between IgAN and oral bacteria, such as cnm-(+) S. mutans and periodontal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Nagasawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Taro Misaki
- Division of Nephrology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu 430-8558, Shizuoka, Japan;
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu 433-8558, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Seigo Ito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Self-Defense Gifu Hospital, Kakamigahara 502-0817, Gifu, Japan;
| | - Shuhei Naka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Okayama, Japan; (S.N.); (M.M.-N.)
| | - Kaoruko Wato
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (K.W.); (R.N.); (K.N.)
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (K.W.); (R.N.); (K.N.)
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Okayama, Japan; (S.N.); (M.M.-N.)
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (K.W.); (R.N.); (K.N.)
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Oral Health among Adult Residents in Vilnius, Lithuania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19010582. [PMID: 35010841 PMCID: PMC8745011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) oral conditions may be determined by social, biological, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. The study assessed oral health status and its determinants associated with oral health conditions among adult residents in Vilnius, Lithuania. A total of 453 of 35–74-year-olds participated (response rate 63%). A self-reported questionnaire was administered. Dental caries experience (D3MFS score), periodontal probing depth (PPD), andnumber of missing teeth were assessed clinically. Data were analyzed using χ2 test, independent samples t-test, and multivariable linear regression. The mean (sd) of D3MFS scores was 67.3 (33.5), the mean (sd) number of teeth with PPD 4+ mm was 5.9 (5.3), prevalence of periodontitis was 33%, the mean (sd) number of missing teeth was 6.9 (6.8), and prevalence of total edentulism was 3.8%. Medication use was associated with all oral health conditions, while age was associated with caries experience, and missing teeth. Sugar-containing diet was associated with caries experience, and missing teeth, and smoking with caries experience and periodontal status. Systemic diseases were associated with periodontal status, while behavioral determinants, last dental visit, and use of fluoridated toothpaste were associated with missing teeth. Oral health status among adult Vilnius residents was poor. Oral conditions were associated with both biological and behavioral determinants. Oral health promotion should focus on modifying behavioral determinants.
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Inoue Y, Zaitsu T, Akiko O, Ishimaru M, Taira K, Takahashi H, Aida J, Tamiya N. Association between exposure to secondhand smoking at home and tooth loss in Japan: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Tob Induc Dis 2021; 19:96. [PMID: 34963776 PMCID: PMC8656347 DOI: 10.18332/tid/143177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tooth loss affects oral health and physical and social functions. With widespread population aging, its prevalence is increasing. Secondhand smoking is a risk factor for oral diseases; however, in Japan, there are currently no regulations restricting exposure to secondhand smoke at home. This cross-sectional study examined the association between secondhand smoking at home and tooth loss among Japanese adults. METHODS The study examined secondary data from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, Japan. The self-reported responses of 18812 non-smokers aged ≥20 years were analyzed. The association between exposure to secondhand smoke at home and number of teeth was examined through multiple linear regression with multiple imputation. To obtain a more normal distribution, logarithmic transformation was applied to the number of teeth that deviated substantially from a normal distribution. Adjustments were made for sex, age, occupation, household size, dental check-up within the past year, and exposure to secondhand smoke outside the home. RESULTS Overall, 8.4% of the respondents were exposed to secondhand smoking at home almost every day; this percentage was larger among younger respondents, who also had more teeth than the older respondents. Although the univariate linear regression did not show a positive association between exposure to secondhand smoke and tooth loss, the multivariate-adjusted analysis revealed that respondents who were exposed to secondhand smoke at home almost every day had fewer teeth (β= -0.04; 95% CI: -0.07 – -0.01). CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that exposure to secondhand smoke at home increases the risk of tooth loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Inoue
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Zaitsu
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Oshiro Akiko
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ishimaru
- Department of Health Services Research, School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kento Taira
- Department of Health Services Research, School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Jun Aida
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanako Tamiya
- Department of Health Services Research, School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Abramovitz I, Zini A, Pribluda P, Kedem R, Zur D, Protter NE, Almoznino G. "Dental Cluster" Versus "Metabolic Cluster": Analyzing the Associations of Planned and Delivered Dental Procedures with Metabolic Syndrome, Utilizing Data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) Cross-Sectional Record-Based Nationwide Study. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070608. [PMID: 34209432 PMCID: PMC8301031 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary There are conflicting results existing regarding the association between dental status and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to analyze the association between the sum of the standard dental unit (SDU) scores of planned (SDU-P) and delivered (SDU-D) dental procedures per patient with MetS. Included were data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemi-ological (DOME) study records-based research, which integrated large socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationally representative sample of young to middle-aged military personnel (N = 131,927). The present study demonstrated that SDU-P, but not SDU-D, is a better predictor of systemic morbidities related to MetS. In other words, MetS is associated with a higher dental treatment needs burden, rather than with dental treatments performed de facto. The study concludes that dental and general health authorities should collaborate and share in-formation and focus on reducing common health-related risk factors, such as smoking and sugar consumption, in particular among high-risk populations, such as immigrants and those with lower SES and rural locality. Abstract There are conflicting results existing regarding the association between dental status and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The present research analyzed the associations of the sum of the standard dental unit (SDU) scores of planned (SDU-P) and delivered (SDU-D) dental procedures per patient with MetS components, consequences, and related conditions. The SDU score of each dental procedure represents the time and complexity of the executed procedure. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Dental, Oral, Medical Epidemiological (DOME) repository, which includes comprehensive socio-demographic, medical, and dental databases of a nationally representative sample of 132,529 military personnel. Univariate analyses revealed that SDU-P had statistically significant positive associations with all systemic morbidities related to MetS, while the SDU-D exhibited positive associations with some of the systemic morbidities and with lower ORs. SDU-P and SDU-D were associated with worse scores of auxiliary examinations used in the assessment of MetS components. SDU-P retained significant positive associations in the multivariate analysis with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (OR = 7.40 (1.91–28.57)), deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (OR = 5.61 (1.53–20.83)), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (OR = 5.05 (2.40–10.63)), and fatty liver (OR = 1.82 (1.17–2.84)). In contrast, obesity was the only systemic parameter retaining a significant association with SDU-D following multivariate analysis (OR = 1.47 (1.23–1.76)). It can be concluded that SDU-P, but not SDU-D, is a better predictor of systemic morbidities related to MetS. In other words, MetS is associated with a higher dental treatment needs burden, rather than with dental treatments performed de facto. Dental and general health authorities should collaborate and share information and focus on reducing common health-related risk factors, such as smoking and sugar consumption, in particular among high-risk populations, such as immigrants and those with lower SES and rural locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itzhak Abramovitz
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (I.A.); (A.Z.); (P.P.)
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Endodontics, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Avraham Zini
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (I.A.); (A.Z.); (P.P.)
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Community Dentistry, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Pablo Pribluda
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (I.A.); (A.Z.); (P.P.)
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Endodontics, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ron Kedem
- Medical Information Department, General Surgeon Headquarter, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer 02149, Israel; (R.K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dorit Zur
- Medical Information Department, General Surgeon Headquarter, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer 02149, Israel; (R.K.); (D.Z.)
| | - Noam E. Protter
- Chief Dental Surgeon & Head of Forensic Unit, Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel-Hashomer 02149, Israel;
| | - Galit Almoznino
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (I.A.); (A.Z.); (P.P.)
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Endodontics, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Oral Medicine, Sedation & Maxillofacial Imaging, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Big Biomedical Data Research Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-2-677-6194; Fax: +972-2-644-7919
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Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Matshik Dakafay H, O'Brien K, Montierth D, Xiao N, Ojcius DM. Effects of electronic cigarette aerosol exposure on oral and systemic health. Biomed J 2021; 44:252-259. [PMID: 33039378 PMCID: PMC8358192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional cigarette smoke harms nearly every organ of the body and is the leading cause of death in the United States and in the world. Decades of research have associated conventional cigarette smoke with several diseases and death. Heavily marketed, electronic nicotine delivery systems such as electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are available in a variety of flavors and high nicotine concentrations. In 2019, a severe lung disease outbreak linked to e-cigarette use led to several deaths, which was called electronic-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI). Even though the trend of e-cigarette use among teens continues to increase, information on the effects of e-cigarette smoke on oral and overall health are still scarce. This review discusses the possible health effects due to unregulated e-cigarette use, as well as the health effects of second-hand smoke and third-hand smoke on non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harmony Matshik Dakafay
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kenji O'Brien
- Dental Surgery Program, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dallin Montierth
- Dental Surgery Program, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Yang M, Li Q, Deng C, Yao G, Bai X, Tan X, Zhang X. Prevalence and Clinical Correlation of Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth in Elderly Inpatients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:728971. [PMID: 34594252 PMCID: PMC8476810 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.728971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a mental disease with a profound impact on human health. Patients with schizophrenia have poor oral hygiene, increasing their risk of systemic diseases, such as respiratory infections, and declining their quality of life. Therefore, this study aims to assess the oral health status of inpatients with schizophrenia, analyze its related factors, and thus provide scientific evidence for further exploration of corresponding control strategies. Methods: A total of 425 inpatients older than 50 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from two psychiatric hospitals (mean age 58.49 ± 5.72 years) were enrolled. The demographic data of the patients were checked on admission. Two independent dentists examined caries, missing teeth, and fillings. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Global Deterioration Scale were performed as cognitive tests. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status rating scale were used to determine their mental status. Results: The average decayed, missing, and filled teeth index was 12.99 ± 8.86. Linear regression analysis showed that the decayed, missing, and filled teeth index had a significantly positive relationship with age (p < 0.001) and smoking (p < 0.001) and a negative relationship with MMSE (p = 0.029). The missing teeth index had a positive relationship with age (p < 0.001), smoking (p < 0.001), and Global Deterioration Scale (p = 0.014) and a negative relationship with MMSE (p = 0.004). Conclusion: The oral health of elderly patients with schizophrenia is poor, which may be related to the cognitive level of patients and affect their quality of life. The focus should be provided to the oral care of patients with schizophrenia, and investment in their specialized oral treatment should be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Yang
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Chijun Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Yao
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Bai
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Tan
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kanmodi K. The role of dentists in clinical tobacco cessation interventions: The status in Nigeria. POPULATION MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.18332/popmed/128323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Self-Reported Oral Health, Oral Hygiene and Associated Factors in Lithuanian Adult Population, 1994-2014. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155331. [PMID: 32722169 PMCID: PMC7432783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine 20-year trends (1994-2014) in self-reported oral health and oral hygiene and to assess the associated factors in a Lithuanian population aged 20-64 years. Nationally representative cross-sectional data on 8612 men and 11,719 women were obtained from 11 biennial postal surveys of Lithuanian health behavior monitoring. Dentate status was assessed by asking about the number of missing teeth. Over the study period, the proportion of men with all teeth increased from 17.5% to 23.0% and the same proportion increased in women-from 12.5% to 19.6%. The prevalence of edentulousness was 2.8% in 2014. The proportion of individuals brushing teeth at least twice a day increased from 14.6% to 31.9% in men and from 33.0% to 58.8% in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, lower education, living in rural areas, daily smoking, confectionary consumption (only in women), obesity, no visits to a dentist during the past year, toothache and brushing teeth less than twice a day increased the odds of missing six or more teeth. Efforts should be made to promote good oral hygiene habits, prevent and control behavioral risk factors and increase access to dental care among risk groups.
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