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Grashei M, Wodtke P, Skinner JG, Sühnel S, Setzer N, Metzler T, Gulde S, Park M, Witt D, Mohr H, Hundshammer C, Strittmatter N, Pellegata NS, Steiger K, Schilling F. Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging of pH, perfusion and renal filtration using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled Z-OMPD. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5060. [PMID: 37604826 PMCID: PMC10442412 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
pH alterations are a hallmark of many pathologies including cancer and kidney disease. Here, we introduce [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD as a hyperpolarized extracellular pH and perfusion sensor for MRI which allows to generate a multiparametric fingerprint of renal disease status and to detect local tumor acidification. Exceptional long T1 of two minutes at 1 T, high pH sensitivity of up to 1.9 ppm per pH unit and suitability of using the C1-label as internal frequency reference enables pH imaging in vivo of three pH compartments in healthy rat kidneys. Spectrally selective targeting of both 13C-resonances enables simultaneous imaging of perfusion and filtration in 3D and pH in 2D within one minute to quantify renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rates and renal pH in healthy and hydronephrotic kidneys with superior sensitivity compared to clinical routine methods. Imaging multiple biomarkers within a single session renders [1,5-13C2]Z-OMPD a promising new hyperpolarized agent for oncology and nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Wodtke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Sühnel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Setzer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Metzler
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gulde
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mihyun Park
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Daniela Witt
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hermine Mohr
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Biosciences, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Natalia S Pellegata
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology (CEP), Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, TUM School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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2
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Guglielmetti C, Cordano C, Najac C, Green AJ, Chaumeil MM. Imaging immunomodulatory treatment responses in a multiple sclerosis mouse model using hyperpolarized 13C metabolic MRI. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:71. [PMID: 37217574 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the ability of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including T1 contrast-enhanced (CE) MRI, to monitor high-efficacy therapies and predict long-term disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been challenged. Therefore, non-invasive methods to improve MS lesions detection and monitor therapy response are needed. METHODS We studied the combined cuprizone and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CPZ-EAE) mouse model of MS, which presents inflammatory-mediated demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system as commonly seen in MS patients. Using hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopy (MRS) metabolic imaging, we measured cerebral metabolic fluxes in control, CPZ-EAE and CPZ-EAE mice treated with two clinically-relevant therapies, namely fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate. We also acquired conventional T1 CE MRI to detect active lesions, and performed ex vivo measurements of enzyme activities and immunofluorescence analyses of brain tissue. Last, we evaluated associations between imaging and ex vivo parameters. RESULTS We show that hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate conversion to lactate is increased in the brain of untreated CPZ-EAE mice when compared to the control, reflecting immune cell activation. We further demonstrate that this metabolic conversion is significantly decreased in response to the two treatments. This reduction can be explained by increased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and a decrease in immune cells. Importantly, we show that hyperpolarized 13C MRS detects dimethyl fumarate therapy, whereas conventional T1 CE MRI cannot. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, hyperpolarized MRS metabolic imaging of [1-13C]pyruvate detects immunological responses to disease-modifying therapies in MS. This technique is complementary to conventional MRI and provides unique information on neuroinflammation and its modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Guglielmetti
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Christian Cordano
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology, C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ari J Green
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Francisco, CA, San Francisco, USA
| | - Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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3
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Grist JT, Bøgh N, Hansen ES, Schneider AM, Healicon R, Ball V, Miller JJJJ, Smart S, Couch Y, Buchan AM, Tyler DJ, Laustsen C. Developing a metabolic clearance rate framework as a translational analysis approach for hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1613. [PMID: 36709217 PMCID: PMC9884306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging is a promising technique for in vivo metabolic interrogation of alterations between health and disease. This study introduces a formalism for quantifying the metabolic information in hyperpolarized imaging. This study investigated a novel perfusion formalism and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) model in pre-clinical stroke and in the healthy human brain. Simulations showed that the proposed model was robust to perturbations in T1, transmit B1, and kPL. A significant difference in ipsilateral vs contralateral pyruvate derived cerebral blood flow (CBF) was detected in rats (140 ± 2 vs 89 ± 6 mL/100 g/min, p < 0.01, respectively) and pigs (139 ± 12 vs 95 ± 5 mL/100 g/min, p = 0.04, respectively), along with an increase in fractional metabolism (26 ± 5 vs 4 ± 2%, p < 0.01, respectively) in the rodent brain. In addition, a significant increase in ipsilateral vs contralateral MCR (0.034 ± 0.007 vs 0.017 ± 0.02/s, p = 0.03, respectively) and a decrease in mean transit time (31 ± 8 vs 60 ± 2 s, p = 0.04, respectively) was observed in the porcine brain. In conclusion, MCR mapping is a simple and robust approach to the post-processing of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Grist
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK
- Department of Radiology, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nikolaj Bøgh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Esben Søvsø Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna M Schneider
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Healicon
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vicky Ball
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack J J J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sean Smart
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yvonne Couch
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Oxford, UK
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Aarhus University Hospital, MR Center, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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4
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Stewart NJ, Sato T, Takeda N, Hirata H, Matsumoto S. Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Tool for Imaging Tissue Redox State, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:81-94. [PMID: 34218688 PMCID: PMC8792501 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-labeled redox-sensitive metabolic tracers can provide noninvasive functional imaging biomarkers, reflecting tissue redox state, oxidative stress, and inflammation, among others. The capability to use endogenous metabolites as 13C-enriched imaging tracers without structural modification makes HP 13C MRI a promising tool to evaluate redox state in patients with various diseases. Recent Advances: Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo metabolic imaging of 13C-labeled tracers polarized by parahydrogen-induced polarization techniques, which offer a cost-effective alternative to the more widely used dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization-based hyperpolarizers. Critical Issues: Although the fluxes of many metabolic pathways reflect the change in tissue redox state, they are not functionally specific. In the present review, we summarize recent challenges in the development of specific 13C metabolic tracers for biomarkers of redox state, including that for detecting reactive oxygen species. Future Directions: Applications of HP 13C metabolic MRI to evaluate redox state have only just begun to be investigated. The possibility to gain a comprehensive understanding of the correlations between tissue redox potential and metabolism under different pathological conditions by using HP 13C MRI is promoting its interest in the clinical arena, along with its noninvasive biomarkers to evaluate the extent of disease and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,POLARIS, Imaging Sciences, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuyuki Sato
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering & Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science & Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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5
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Bertelsen LB, Hansen ESS, Sadowski T, Ruf S, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized pyruvate to measure the influence of PKM2 activation on glucose metabolism in the healthy kidney. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4583. [PMID: 34240478 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate if hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate can inform us on the metabolic consequences for the kidney glucose metabolism upon treatment with the pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) activator TEPP-46, which has shown promise as a novel therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy. A healthy male Wistar rat model was employed to study the conversion of [1-13 C]pyruvate to [1-13 C]lactate in the kidney 2 and 4 h after treatment with TEPP-46. All rats were scanned with hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate kidney MR and vital parameters and blood samples were taken after scanning. The PKM2 activator TEPP-46 increases the glycolytic activity in the kidneys, leading to an increased lactate production, as seen by hyperpolarized pyruvate-to-lactate conversion. The results are supported by an increase in blood lactate, a decreased blood glucose level and an increased pyruvate kinase (PK) activity. The metabolic changes observed in both kidneys following treatment with TEPP-46 are largely independent of renal function and could as such represent a new and extremely sensitive metabolic readout for future drugs targeting PKM2. These results warrant further studies in disease models to evaluate if [1-13 C]pyruvate-to-[1-13 C]lactate conversion can predict treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sven Ruf
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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6
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Wen Y, Qi H, Østergaard Mariager C, Mose Nielsen P, Bonde Bertelsen L, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Laustsen C. Sex Differences in Kidney Function and Metabolism Assessed Using Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate Interleaved Spectroscopy and Nonspecific Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6:5-13. [PMID: 32280745 PMCID: PMC7138520 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic sex differences have recently been shown to be particularly important in tailoring treatment strategies. Sex has a major effect on fat turnover rates and plasma lipid delivery in the body. Differences in kidney structure and transporters between male and female animals have been found. Here we investigated sex-specific renal pyruvate metabolic flux and whole-kidney functional status in age-matched healthy Wistar rats. Blood oxygenation level–dependent and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to assess functional status. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was used to assess the metabolic differences between male and female rats. Female rats had a 41% ± 3% and 41% ± 5% lower absolute body and kidney weight, respectively, than age-matched male rats. No difference was seen between age-matched male and female rats in the kidney-to-body weight ratio. A 56% ± 11% lower lactate production per mL/100 mL/min was found in female rats than in age-matched male rats measured by hyperpolarized magnetic resonance and DCE MRI. Female rats had a 33% ± 11% higher glomerular filtration rate than age-matched male rats measured by DCE MRI. A similar renal oxygen tension (T2*) was found between age-matched male and female rats as shown by blood oxygenation level–dependent MRI. The results were largely independent of the pyruvate volume and the difference in body weight. This study shows an existing metabolic difference between kidneys in age-matched male and female rats, which indicates that sex differences need to be considered when performing animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Wen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | | | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; and
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7
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Analysis Methods for Hyperpolarized Carbon ( 13C) MRI of the Kidney. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33476032 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13C MR is a novel medical imaging modality with substantially different signal dynamics as compared to conventional 1H MR, thus requiring new methods for processing the data in order to access and quantify the embedded metabolic and functional information. Here we describe step-by-step analysis protocols for functional renal hyperpolarized 13C imaging. These methods are useful for investigating renal blood flow and function as well as metabolic status of rodents in vivo under various experimental physiological conditions.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This analysis protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and experimental procedure.
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8
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Magnetization Lifetimes Prediction and Measurements Using Long-Lived Spin States in Endogenous Molecules. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235495. [PMID: 33255255 PMCID: PMC7727668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetization storage in biologically-relevant molecules opens new possibilities for the investigation of metabolic pathways, provided the lifetimes of magnetization are sufficiently long. Dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization-based spin-order enhancement, sustained by long-lived states can measure the ratios between concentrations of endogenous molecules on a cellular pathway. These ratios can be used as meters of enzyme function. Biological states featuring intracellular amino-acid concentrations that are depleted or replenished in the course of in-cell or in-vivo tests of drugs or radiation treatments can be revealed. Progressing from already-established long-lived states, we investigated related spin order in the case of amino acids and other metabolites featuring networks of coupled spins counting up to eight nuclei. We detail a new integrated theoretical approach between quantum chemistry simulations, chemical shifts, J-couplings information from databanks, and spin dynamics calculations to deduce a priori magnetization lifetimes in biomarkers. The lifetimes of long-lived states for several amino acids were also measured experimentally in order to ascertain the approach. Experimental values were in fair agreement with the computed ones and prior data in the literature.
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9
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Irrera P, Consolino L, Cutrin JC, Zöllner FG, Longo DL. Dual assessment of kidney perfusion and pH by exploiting a dynamic CEST-MRI approach in an acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury murine model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4287. [PMID: 32153058 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several factors can lead to acute kidney injury, but damage following ischemia and reperfusion injuries is the main risk factor and usually develops into chronic disease. MRI has often been proposed as a method with which to assess renal function. It does so by measuring the renal perfusion of an injected Gd-based contrast agent. The use of pH-responsive agents as part of the CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer)-MRI technique has recently shown that pH homeostasis is also an important indicator of kidney functionality. However, there is still a need for methods that can provide more than one type of information following the injection of a single contrast agent for the characterization of renal function. Herein we propose, for the first time, dynamic CEST acquisition following iopamidol injection to quantify renal function by assessing both perfusion and pH homeostasis. The aim of this study is to assess renal functionality in a murine unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury model at two time points (3 and 7 days) after acute kidney injury. The renal-perfusion estimates measured with iopamidol were compared with those obtained with a gadolinium-based agent, via a dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI approach, to validate the proposed method. Compared with the contralateral kidneys, the clamped ones showed a significant decrease in renal perfusion, as measured using the DCE-MRI approach, which is consistent with reduced filtration capability. Dynamic CEST-MRI findings provided similar results, indicating that the clamped kidneys displayed significantly reduced renal filtration that persisted up to 7 days after the damage. In addition, CEST-MRI pH imaging showed that the clamped kidneys displayed significantly increased pH values, reflecting the disturbance to pH homeostasis. Our results demonstrate that a single CEST-MRI contrast agent can provide multiple types of information related to renal function and can discern healthy kidneys from pathological ones by combining perfusion measurements with renal pH mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Irrera
- Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Centro di Imaging Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Cutrin
- Centro di Imaging Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Frank G Zöllner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Torino, Italy
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Pedersen M, Ursprung S, Jensen JD, Jespersen B, Gallagher F, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarised 13C-MRI metabolic and functional imaging: an emerging renal MR diagnostic modality. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 33:23-32. [PMID: 31782036 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established modality for assessing renal morphology and function, as well as changes that occur during disease. However, the significant metabolic changes associated with renal disease are more challenging to assess with MRI. Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI is an emerging technique which provides an opportunity to probe metabolic alterations at high sensitivity by providing an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of 20,000-fold or more. This review will highlight the current status of hyperpolarised 13C-MRI and its translation into the clinic and how it compares to metabolic measurements provided by competing technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Ursprung
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jens Dam Jensen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ferdia Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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11
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Grist JT, Mariager CØ, Qi H, Nielsen PM, Laustsen C. Detection of acute kidney injury with hyperpolarized [ 13 C, 15 N]Urea and multiexponential relaxation modeling. Magn Reson Med 2019; 84:943-949. [PMID: 31840294 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the utility of Laplacian fitting to describe the differences in hyperpolarized [13 C, 15 N]urea T2 relaxation in ischemic and healthy rodent kidneys. METHODS Six rats with unilateral renal ischemia were investigated. [13 C, 15 N]Urea T2 mapping was undertaken with a radial fast spin echo method, with subsequent postprocessing performed with regularized Laplacian fitting. RESULTS Simulations showed that Laplacian fitting was stable down to a signal-to-noise ratio of 20. In vivo results showed a significant increase in the mono- and decrease in biexponential pools in ischemia reperfusion injury kidneys, in comparison to healthy (14 ± 10% versus 4 ± 2%, 85 ± 10% versus 95 ± 3%; P < .05). CONCLUSION We demonstrate, for the first time, the differences in multiexponential behavior of [13 C, 15 N]urea between the healthy and ischemic rodent kidney. The distribution of relaxation pools were found to be both visually and numerically significantly different. The ability to improve the information level in hyperpolarized MR, by using the relaxation contrast mechanisms is an appealing option, that can easily be adopted in large animals and even in clinical studies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Grist
- The Institute of Child Health, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Mariager CO, Lindhardt J, Nielsen PM, Schulte RF, Ringgaard S, Laustsen C. Fractional Perfusion: A Simple Semi-Parametric Measure for Hyperpolarized 13C MR. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2905724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Qi H, Mariager CØ, Nielsen PM, Schroeder M, Lindhardt J, Nørregaard R, Klein JD, Sands JM, Laustsen C. Glucagon infusion alters the hyperpolarized 13 C-urea renal hemodynamic signature. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4028. [PMID: 30426590 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Renal urea handling is central to the urine concentrating mechanism, and as such the ability to image urea transport in the kidney is an important potential imaging biomarker for renal functional assessment. Glucagon levels associated with changes in dietary protein intake have been shown to influence renal urea handling; however, the exact mechanism has still to be fully understood. Here we investigate renal function and osmolite distribution using [13 C,15 N] urea dynamics and 23 Na distribution before and 60 min after glucagon infusion in six female rats. Glucagon infusion increased the renal [13 C,15 N] urea mean transit time by 14%, while no change was seen in the sodium distribution, glomerular filtration rate or oxygen consumption. This change is related to the well-known effect of increased urea excretion associated with glucagon infusion, independent of renal functional effects. This study demonstrates for the first time that hyperpolarized 13 C-urea enables monitoring of renal urinary excretion effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Schroeder
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lindhardt
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Water Salt Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Giorgia, USA
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Giorgia, USA
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Milshteyn E, von Morze C, Reed GD, Shang H, Shin PJ, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB. Using a local low rank plus sparse reconstruction to accelerate dynamic hyperpolarized 13C imaging using the bSSFP sequence. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 290:46-59. [PMID: 29567434 PMCID: PMC6054792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acceleration of dynamic 2D (T2 Mapping) and 3D hyperpolarized 13C MRI acquisitions using the balanced steady-state free precession sequence was achieved with a specialized reconstruction method, based on the combination of low rank plus sparse and local low rank reconstructions. Methods were validated using both retrospectively and prospectively undersampled in vivo data from normal rats and tumor-bearing mice. Four-fold acceleration of 1-2 mm isotropic 3D dynamic acquisitions with 2-5 s temporal resolution and two-fold acceleration of 0.25-1 mm2 2D dynamic acquisitions was achieved. This enabled visualization of the biodistribution of [2-13C]pyruvate, [1-13C]lactate, [13C, 15N2]urea, and HP001 within heart, kidneys, vasculature, and tumor, as well as calculation of high resolution T2 maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Milshteyn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Peter J Shin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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15
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Qi H, Mariager CØ, Lindhardt J, Nielsen PM, Stødkilde‐Jørgensen H, Laustsen C. Effects of anesthesia on renal function and metabolism in rats assessed by hyperpolarized
MRI. Magn Reson Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Lindhardt
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus Denmark
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus Denmark
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16
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Mariager CØ, Nielsen PM, Qi H, Ringgaard S, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized 13
C,15
N2
-urea T2
relaxation changes in acute kidney injury. Magn Reson Med 2017; 80:696-702. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Steffen Ringgaard
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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17
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Mikkelsen EFR, Mariager CØ, Nørlinger T, Qi H, Schulte RF, Jakobsen S, Frøkiær J, Pedersen M, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]-acetate Renal Metabolic Clearance Rate Mapping. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16002. [PMID: 29167446 PMCID: PMC5700138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
11C-acetate is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer of oxidative metabolism, whereas hyperpolarized 13C-acetate can be used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for investigating specific metabolic processes. The aims of this study were to examine if the kinetic formalism of 11C-acetate PET in the kidneys is comparable to that of 13C-acetate MRI, and to compare the dynamic metabolic information of hyperpolarized 13C-acetate MRI with that obtained with 11C-acetate PET. Rats were examined with dynamic hyperpolarized 13C-acetate MRI or 11C-acetate PET before and after intravenous injection of furosemide, a loop diuretic known to alter both the hemodynamics and oxygen consumption in the kidney. The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) were estimated and compared between the two modalities experimentally in vivo and in simulations. There was a clear dependency on the mean transit time and MCR for both 13C-acetate and 11C-acetate following furosemide administration, while no dependencies on the apparent renal perfusion were observed. This study demonstrated that hyperpolarized 13C-acetate MRI is feasible for measurements of the intrarenal energetic demand via the MCR, and that the quantitative measures are correlated with those measured by 11C-acetate PET, even though the temporal window is more than 30 times longer with 11C-acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeli F R Mikkelsen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Nørlinger
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rolf F Schulte
- GE healthcare, Freisinger Landstraße 50, 85748, Munich, Germany
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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