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Kieronska-Rudek A, Kij A, Bar A, Kurpinska A, Mohaissen T, Grosicki M, Stojak M, Sternak M, Buczek E, Proniewski B, Kuś K, Suraj-Prazmowska J, Panek A, Pietrowska M, Zapotoczny S, Shanahan CM, Szabo C, Chlopicki S. Phylloquinone improves endothelial function, inhibits cellular senescence, and vascular inflammation. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01225-w. [PMID: 38980631 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01225-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phylloquinon (PK) and menaquinones (MK) are both naturally occurring compounds belonging to vitamin K group. Present study aimed to comprehensively analyze the influence of PK in several models of vascular dysfunction to determine whether PK has vasoprotective properties, similar to those previously described for MK. Effects of PK and MK on endothelial dysfunction were studied in ApoE/LDLR-/- mice in vivo, in the isolated aorta incubated with TNF, and in vascular cells as regard inflammation and cell senescence (including replicative and stress-induced models of senescence). Moreover, the vascular conversion of exogenous vitamins to endogenous MK-4 was analyzed. PK, as well as MK, given for 8 weeks in diet (10 mg/kg) resulted in comparable improvement in endothelial function in the ApoE/LDLR-/- mice. Similarly, PK and MK prevented TNF-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the isolated aorta. In in vitro studies in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, we identified that both PK and MK displayed anti-senescence effects via decreasing DNA damage while in endothelial cells anti-inflammatory activity was ascribed to the modulation of NFκB activation. The activity of PK and MK was comparable in terms of their effect on senescence and inflammation. Presence of endogenous synthesis of MK-4 from PK in aorta and endothelial and smooth muscle cells suggests a possible involvement of MK in vascular effects of PK. In conclusion, PK and MK display comparable vasoprotective effects, which may be ascribed, at least in part, to the inhibition of cell senescence and inflammation. The vasoprotective effect of PK in the vessel wall can be related to the direct effects of PK, as well as to the action of MK formed from PK in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kieronska-Rudek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Kurpinska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tasnim Mohaissen
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Grosicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marta Stojak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sternak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Buczek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Kamil Kuś
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prazmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Panek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Centre for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Szczepan Zapotoczny
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
- Chair of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Deb S, Berei J, Miliavski E, Khan MJ, Broder TJ, Akurugo TA, Lund C, Fleming SE, Hillwig R, Ross J, Puri N. The Effects of Smoking on Telomere Length, Induction of Oncogenic Stress, and Chronic Inflammatory Responses Leading to Aging. Cells 2024; 13:884. [PMID: 38891017 PMCID: PMC11172003 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, potential biomarkers of aging, are known to shorten with continued cigarette smoke exposure. In order to further investigate this process and its impact on cellular stress and inflammation, we used an in vitro model with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and observed the downregulation of telomere stabilizing TRF2 and POT1 genes after CSE treatment. hTERT is a subunit of telomerase and a well-known oncogenic marker, which is overexpressed in over 85% of cancers and may contribute to lung cancer development in smokers. We also observed an increase in hTERT and ISG15 expression levels after CSE treatment, as well as increased protein levels revealed by immunohistochemical staining in smokers' lung tissue samples compared to non-smokers. The effects of ISG15 overexpression were further studied by quantifying IFN-γ, an inflammatory protein induced by ISG15, which showed greater upregulation in smokers compared to non-smokers. Similar changes in gene expression patterns for TRF2, POT1, hTERT, and ISG15 were observed in blood and buccal swab samples from smokers compared to non-smokers. The results from this study provide insight into the mechanisms behind smoking causing telomere shortening and how this may contribute to the induction of inflammation and/or tumorigenesis, which may lead to comorbidities in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Deb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (S.D.); (J.B.); (E.M.); (M.J.K.); (T.J.B.); (T.A.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Joseph Berei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (S.D.); (J.B.); (E.M.); (M.J.K.); (T.J.B.); (T.A.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Edward Miliavski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (S.D.); (J.B.); (E.M.); (M.J.K.); (T.J.B.); (T.A.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Muhammad J. Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (S.D.); (J.B.); (E.M.); (M.J.K.); (T.J.B.); (T.A.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Taylor J. Broder
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (S.D.); (J.B.); (E.M.); (M.J.K.); (T.J.B.); (T.A.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Thomas A. Akurugo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (S.D.); (J.B.); (E.M.); (M.J.K.); (T.J.B.); (T.A.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Cody Lund
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (S.D.); (J.B.); (E.M.); (M.J.K.); (T.J.B.); (T.A.A.); (C.L.)
| | - Sara E. Fleming
- Department of Pathology, UW Health SwedishAmerican Hospital, Rockford, IL 61107, USA;
| | - Robert Hillwig
- Department of Health Sciences Education, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA;
| | - Joseph Ross
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA;
| | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (S.D.); (J.B.); (E.M.); (M.J.K.); (T.J.B.); (T.A.A.); (C.L.)
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3
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Frydrychová RČ, Konopová B, Peska V, Brejcha M, Sábová M. Telomeres and telomerase: active but complex players in life-history decisions. Biogerontology 2024; 25:205-226. [PMID: 37610666 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies on human telomeres have established that telomeres exert a significant influence on lifespan and health of organisms. However, recent research has indicated that the original idea that telomeres affect lifespan in a universal and central manner across all eukaryotic species is an oversimplification. Indeed, findings from a variety of animal species revealed that the role of telomere biology in aging is more subtle and intricate than previously recognized. Here, we show how telomere biology varies depending on the taxon. We also show how telomere biology corresponds to basic life history traits and affects the life table of a species and investments in growth, body size, reproduction, and lifespan; telomeres are hypothesized to shape evolutionary perspectives for species in an active but complex manner. Our evaluation is based on telomere biology data from many examples from throughout the animal kingdom that vary according to the degree of organismal complexity and life history strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Čapková Frydrychová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Konopová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vratislav Peska
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloslav Brejcha
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michala Sábová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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Yegorov YE. Olovnikov, Telomeres, and Telomerase. Is It Possible to Prolong a Healthy Life? BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1704-1718. [PMID: 38105192 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The science of telomeres and telomerase has made tremendous progress in recent decades. In this review, we consider it first in a historical context (the Carrel-Hayflick-Olovnikov-Blackburn chain of discoveries) and then review current knowledge on the telomere structure and dynamics in norm and pathology. Central to the review are consequences of the telomere shortening, including telomere position effects, DNA damage signaling, and increased genetic instability. Cell senescence and role of telomere length in its development are discussed separately. Therapeutic aspects and risks of telomere lengthening methods including use of telomerase and other approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegor E Yegorov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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5
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Rey-Millet M, Pousse M, Soithong C, Ye J, Mendez-Bermudez A, Gilson E. Senescence-associated transcriptional derepression in subtelomeres is determined in a chromosome-end-specific manner. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13804. [PMID: 36924026 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a continuous process leading to physiological deterioration with age. One of the factors contributing to aging is telomere shortening, causing alterations in the protein protective complex named shelterin and replicative senescence. Here, we address the question of the link between this telomere shortening and the transcriptional changes occurring in senescent cells. We found that in replicative senescent cells, the genes whose expression escaped repression are enriched in subtelomeres. The shelterin protein TRF2 and the nuclear lamina factor Lamin B1, both downregulated in senescent cells, are involved in the regulation of some but not all of these subtelomeric genes, suggesting complex mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. Indeed, the subtelomeres containing these derepressed genes are enriched in factors of polycomb repression (EZH2 and H3K27me3), insulation (CTCF and MAZ), and cohesion (RAD21 and SMC3) while being associated with the open A-type chromatin compartment. These findings unveil that the subtelomere transcriptome associated with senescence is determined in a chromosome-end-specific manner according to the type of higher-order chromatin structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rey-Millet
- CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Mélanie Pousse
- CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Chan Soithong
- CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Geriatrics, Medical center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Hematology, Cancer and Aging, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/CNRS/INSERM/University Côte d'Azur, Shanghai, China
| | - Aaron Mendez-Bermudez
- CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Medical center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Hematology, Cancer and Aging, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/CNRS/INSERM/University Côte d'Azur, Shanghai, China
| | - Eric Gilson
- CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, Faculty of Medicine Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Medical center on Aging of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,International Laboratory in Hematology, Cancer and Aging, Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, RuiJin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine/CNRS/INSERM/University Côte d'Azur, Shanghai, China.,Department of medical genetics, CHU, Nice, France
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6
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González-Amor M, Dorado B, Andrés V. Emerging roles of interferon-stimulated gene-15 in age-related telomere attrition, the DNA damage response, and cardiovascular disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1128594. [PMID: 37025175 PMCID: PMC10071045 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1128594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Population aging and age-related cardiovascular disease (CVD) are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, generating a huge medical and socioeconomic burden. The complex regulation of aging and CVD and the interaction between these processes are crucially dependent on cellular stress responses. Interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein expressed in many vertebrate cell types that can be found both free and conjugated to lysine residues of target proteins via a post-translational process termed ISGylation. Deconjugation of ISG15 (deISGylation) is catalyzed by the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 18 (USP18). The ISG15 pathway has mostly been studied in the context of viral and bacterial infections and in cancer. This minireview summarizes current knowledge on the role of ISG15 in age-related telomere shortening, genomic instability, and DNA damage accumulation, as well as in hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, major CVD risk factors prevalent in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- María González-Amor
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Novel Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Dorado
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Novel Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Molecular and Genetic Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Novel Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Vicente Andrés,
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7
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The diverse repertoire of ISG15: more intricate than initially thought. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1779-1792. [PMID: 36319753 PMCID: PMC9722776 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ISG15, the product of interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene 15, is the first identified ubiquitin-like protein (UBL), which plays multifaceted roles not only as a free intracellular or extracellular molecule but also as a post-translational modifier in the process of ISG15 conjugation (ISGylation). ISG15 has only been identified in vertebrates, indicating that the functions of ISG15 and its conjugation are restricted to higher eukaryotes and have evolved with IFN signaling. Despite the highlighted complexity of ISG15 and ISGylation, it has been suggested that ISG15 and ISGylation profoundly impact a variety of cellular processes, including protein translation, autophagy, exosome secretion, cytokine secretion, cytoskeleton dynamics, DNA damage response, telomere shortening, and immune modulation, which emphasizes the necessity of reassessing ISG15 and ISGylation. However, the underlying mechanisms and molecular consequences of ISG15 and ISGylation remain poorly defined, largely due to a lack of knowledge on the ISG15 target repertoire. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanistic understanding and molecular consequences of ISG15 and ISGylation. We also highlight new insights into the roles of ISG15 and ISGylation not only in physiology but also in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, especially in cancer, which could contribute to therapeutic intervention in human diseases.
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Jäger K, Mensch J, Grimmig ME, Neuner B, Gorzelniak K, Türkmen S, Demuth I, Hartmann A, Hartmann C, Wittig F, Sporbert A, Hermann A, Fuellen G, Möller S, Walter M. A conserved long-distance telomeric silencing mechanism suppresses mTOR signaling in aging human fibroblasts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2814. [PMID: 35977016 PMCID: PMC9385144 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences at the ends of each chromosome. It has been hypothesized that telomere attrition evolved as a tumor suppressor mechanism in large long-lived species. Long telomeres can silence genes millions of bases away through a looping mechanism called telomere position effect over long distances (TPE-OLD). The function of this silencing mechanism is unknown. We determined a set of 2322 genes with high positional conservation across replicatively aging species that includes known and candidate TPE-OLD genes that may mitigate potentially harmful effects of replicative aging. Notably, we identified PPP2R2C as a tumor suppressor gene, whose up-regulation by TPE-OLD in aged human fibroblasts leads to dephosphorylation of p70S6 kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin suppression. A mechanistic link between telomeres and a tumor suppressor mechanism supports the hypothesis that replicative aging fulfills a tumor suppressor function and motivates previously unknown antitumor and antiaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Jäger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Mensch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Elisabeth Grimmig
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bruno Neuner
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gorzelniak
- Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Seval Türkmen
- LNS Hematooncogenetics, National Center of Genetics Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxemburg
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ilja Demuth
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Hartmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christiane Hartmann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Wittig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anje Sporbert
- Advanced Light Microscopy, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section “Albrecht-Kossel”, Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Möller
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Walter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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Melatonin Alleviates Oxidative Stress Induced by H2O2 in Porcine Trophectodern Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061047. [PMID: 35739944 PMCID: PMC9219737 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental oxidative stress has been implicated as a main risk factor for placental dysfunction. Alleviation of oxidative stress and enhancement of antioxidant capacity of porcine trophectoderm (PTr2) cells are effective means to maintaining normal placental function. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin (MT) on H2O2-induced oxidative damage in PTr2 cells. Our data revealed that pretreatment with MT could significantly improve the decrease in cell viability induced by H2O2, and reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the ratio of apoptotic cells. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of untreated versus melatonin-treated PTr2 cells by RNA-seq analysis and found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were highly enriched in the Wnt signaling, TGF-beta signaling and mTOR signaling pathways. Moreover, pretreatment with MT upregulated the antioxidant-related genes such as early growth response3 (EGR3), WAP four-disulfide core domain1 (WFDC1), heme oxygenase1 (HMOX1) and vimentin (VIM). These findings reveal that melatonin protects PTr2 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage.
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10
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Mirzalieva O, Juncker M, Schwartzenburg J, Desai S. ISG15 and ISGylation in Human Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030538. [PMID: 35159348 PMCID: PMC8834048 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of >500 genes, which are collectively called ISGs (IFN-stimulated genes). One of the earliest ISGs induced by IFNs is ISG15 (Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15). Free ISG15 protein synthesized from the ISG15 gene is post-translationally conjugated to cellular proteins and is also secreted by cells into the extracellular milieu. ISG15 comprises two ubiquitin-like domains (UBL1 and UBL2), each of which bears a striking similarity to ubiquitin, accounting for its earlier name ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP). Like ubiquitin, ISG15 harbors a characteristic β-grasp fold in both UBL domains. UBL2 domain has a conserved C-terminal Gly-Gly motif through which cellular proteins are appended via an enzymatic cascade similar to ubiquitylation called ISGylation. ISG15 protein is minimally expressed under physiological conditions. However, its IFN-dependent expression is aberrantly elevated or compromised in various human diseases, including multiple types of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders (Ataxia Telangiectasia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), inflammatory diseases (Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD), bacteriopathy and viropathy), and in the lumbar spinal cords of veterans exposed to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). ISG15 and ISGylation have both inhibitory and/or stimulatory roles in the etiology and pathogenesis of human diseases. Thus, ISG15 is considered a “double-edged sword” for human diseases in which its expression is elevated. Because of the roles of ISG15 and ISGylation in cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis, conferring anti-cancer drug sensitivity to tumor cells, and its elevated expression in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and veterans exposed to TBI, both ISG15 and ISGylation are now considered diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for these ailments. In the current review, we shall cover the exciting journey of ISG15, spanning three decades from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shyamal Desai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-568-4388; Fax: +1-504-568-2093
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11
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Stephens Z, Ferrer A, Boardman L, Iyer RK, Kocher JPA. Telogator: a method for reporting chromosome-specific telomere lengths from long reads. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:1788-1793. [PMID: 35022670 PMCID: PMC8963315 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Telomeres are the repetitive sequences found at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are often thought of as a 'biological clock,' with their average length shortening during division in most cells. In addition to their association with senescence, abnormal telomere lengths are well known to be associated with multiple cancers, short telomere syndromes and as risk factors for a broad range of diseases. While a majority of methods for measuring telomere length will report average lengths across all chromosomes, it is known that aberrations in specific chromosome arms are biomarkers for certain diseases. Due to their repetitive nature, characterizing telomeres at this resolution is prohibitive for short read sequencing approaches, and is challenging still even with longer reads. RESULTS We present Telogator: a method for reporting chromosome-specific telomere length from long read sequencing data. We demonstrate Telogator's sensitivity in detecting chromosome-specific telomere length in simulated data across a range of read lengths and error rates. Telogator is then applied to 10 germline samples, yielding a high correlation with short read methods in reporting average telomere length. In addition, we investigate common subtelomere rearrangements and identify the minimum read length required to anchor telomere/subtelomere boundaries in samples with these haplotypes. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Telogator is written in Python3 and is available at github.com/zstephens/telogator. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Stephens
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Lisa Boardman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Ravishankar K Iyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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12
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Lin J, Epel E. Stress and telomere shortening: Insights from cellular mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101507. [PMID: 34736994 PMCID: PMC8920518 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Short telomeres confer risk of degenerative diseases. Chronic psychological stress can lead to disease through many pathways, and research from in vitro studies to human longitudinal studies has pointed to stress-induced telomere damage as an important pathway. However, there has not been a comprehensive model to describe how changes in stress physiology and neuroendocrine pathways can lead to changes in telomere biology. Critically short telomeres or the collapse of the telomere structure caused by displacement of telomere binding protein complex shelterin elicit a DNA damage response and lead to senescence or apoptosis. In this narrative review, we summarize the key roles glucocorticoids, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondria, and inflammation play in mediating the relationship between psychological stress and telomere maintenance. We emphasis that these mediators are interconnected and reinforce each other in positive feedback loops. Telomere length has not been studied across the lifespan yet, but the initial setting point at birth appears to be the most influential point, as it sets the lifetime trajectory, and is influenced by stress. We describe two types of intergenerational stress effects on telomeres - prenatal stress effects on telomeres during fetal development, and 'telotype transmission" -the directly inherited transmission of short telomeres from parental germline. It is clear that the initial simplistic view of telomere length as a mitotic clock has evolved into a far more complex picture of both transgenerational telomere influences, and of interconnected molecular and cellular pathways and networks, as hallmarks of aging where telomere maintenance is a key player interacting with mitochondria. Further mechanistic investigations testing this comprehensive model of stress mediators shaping telomere biology and the telomere-mitochondrial nexus will lead to better understanding from cell to human lifespan aging, and could lead to anti-aging interventions.
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13
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Ruiz A, Flores-Gonzalez J, Buendia-Roldan I, Chavez-Galan L. Telomere Shortening and Its Association with Cell Dysfunction in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:425. [PMID: 35008850 PMCID: PMC8745057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are localized at the end of chromosomes to provide genome stability; however, the telomere length tends to be shortened with each cell division inducing a progressive telomere shortening (TS). In addition to age, other factors, such as exposure to pollutants, diet, stress, and disruptions in the shelterin protein complex or genes associated with telomerase induce TS. This phenomenon favors cellular senescence and genotoxic stress, which increases the risk of the development and progression of lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and lung cancer. In an infectious environment, immune cells that exhibit TS are associated with severe lymphopenia and death, whereas in a noninfectious context, naïve T cells that exhibit TS are related to cancer progression and enhanced inflammatory processes. In this review, we discuss how TS modifies the function of the immune system cells, making them inefficient in maintaining homeostasis in the lung. Finally, we discuss the advances in drug and gene therapy for lung diseases where TS could be used as a target for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.); (J.F.-G.); (I.B.-R.)
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14
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Ohori M, Nakayama Y, Ogasawara-Shimizu M, Toyoshiba H, Nakanishi A, Aparicio S, Araki S. Gene regulatory network analysis defines transcriptome landscape with alternative splicing of human umbilical vein endothelial cells during replicative senescence. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:869. [PMID: 34856941 PMCID: PMC8641155 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cell senescence is the state of permanent cell cycle arrest and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. However, a comprehensive understanding of the gene regulatory network, including genome-wide alternative splicing machinery, involved in endothelial cell senescence is lacking. Results We thoroughly described the transcriptome landscape of replicative senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Genes with high connectivity showing a monotonic expression increase or decrease with the culture period were defined as hub genes in the co-expression network. Computational network analysis of these genes led to the identification of canonical and non-canonical senescence pathways, such as E2F and SIRT2 signaling, which were down-regulated in lipid metabolism, and chromosome organization processes pathways. Additionally, we showed that endothelial cell senescence involves alternative splicing. Importantly, the first and last exon types of splicing, as observed in FLT1 and ACACA, were preferentially altered among the alternatively spliced genes during endothelial senescence. We further identified novel microexons in PRUNE2 and PSAP, each containing 9 nt, which were altered within the specific domain during endothelial senescence. Conclusions These findings unveil the comprehensive transcriptome pathway and novel signaling regulated by RNA processing, including gene expression and splicing, in replicative endothelial senescence. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08185-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Ohori
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Nakayama
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.,Present address: Discovery Technology Research Laboratories, Tsukuba Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, 17-2 Wadai, 300-4247, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mari Ogasawara-Shimizu
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Toyoshiba
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.,Present address: Life Science AI, FRONTEO Healthcare Inc., 2-12-23 Konan, Minato-ku, 108-0075, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakanishi
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Samuel Aparicio
- Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, 675 W10th Avenue, V5Z 1L3, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, V6T 2B5, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shinsuke Araki
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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15
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Lee KH, Kim DY, Kim W. Regulation of Gene Expression by Telomere Position Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312807. [PMID: 34884608 PMCID: PMC8657463 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diseases that involve malignant tumors in the elderly affect the quality of human life; therefore, the relationship between aging and pathogenesis in geriatric diseases must be under-stood to develop appropriate treatments for these diseases. Recent reports have shown that epigenetic regulation caused by changes in the local chromatin structure plays an essential role in aging. This review provides an overview of the roles of telomere shortening on genomic structural changes during an age-dependent shift in gene expression. Telomere shortening is one of the most prominent events that is involved in cellular aging and it affects global gene expression through genome rearrangement. This review provides novel insights into the roles of telomere shortening in disease-affected cells during pathogenesis and suggests novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ha Lee
- Division of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea;
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-Y.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Wanil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-Y.K.); (W.K.)
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16
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Hayman TJ, Glazer PM. Regulation of the Cell-Intrinsic DNA Damage Response by the Innate Immune Machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12761. [PMID: 34884568 PMCID: PMC8657976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genomic integrity is crucial for cell survival. As such, elegant DNA damage response (DDR) systems have evolved to ensure proper repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and other lesions that threaten genomic integrity. Towards this end, most therapeutic studies have focused on understanding of the canonical DNA DSB repair pathways to enhance the efficacy of DNA-damaging therapies. While these approaches have been fruitful, there has been relatively limited success to date and potential for significant normal tissue toxicity. With the advent of novel immunotherapies, there has been interest in understanding the interactions of radiation therapy with the innate and adaptive immune responses, with the ultimate goal of enhancing treatment efficacy. While a substantial body of work has demonstrated control of the immune-mediated (extrinsic) responses to DNA-damaging therapies by several innate immune pathways (e.g., cGAS-STING and RIG-I), emerging work demonstrates an underappreciated role of the innate immune machinery in directly regulating tumor cell-intrinsic/cell-autonomous responses to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Hayman
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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17
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Gruber HJ, Semeraro MD, Renner W, Herrmann M. Telomeres and Age-Related Diseases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101335. [PMID: 34680452 PMCID: PMC8533433 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are at the non-coding ends of linear chromosomes. Through a complex 3-dimensional structure, they protect the coding DNA and ensure appropriate separation of chromosomes. Aging is characterized by a progressive shortening of telomeres, which compromises their structure and function. Because of their protective function for genomic DNA, telomeres appear to play an important role in the development and progression of many age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), malignancies, dementia, and osteoporosis. Despite substantial evidence that links telomere length with these conditions, the nature of these observations remains insufficiently understood. Therefore, future studies should address the question of causality. Furthermore, analytical methods should be further improved with the aim to provide informative and comparable results. This review summarize the actual knowledge of telomere biology and the possible implications of telomere dysfunction for the development and progression of age-related diseases. Furthermore, we provide an overview of analytical techniques for the measurement of telomere length and telomerase activity.
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18
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Thery F, Eggermont D, Impens F. Proteomics Mapping of the ISGylation Landscape in Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:720765. [PMID: 34447387 PMCID: PMC8383068 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
During infection, pathogen sensing and cytokine signaling by the host induce expression of antimicrobial proteins and specialized post-translational modifications. One such protein is ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) conserved among vertebrates. Similar to ubiquitin, ISG15 covalently conjugates to lysine residues in substrate proteins in a process called ISGylation. Mice deficient for ISGylation or lacking ISG15 are strongly susceptible to many viral pathogens and several intracellular bacterial pathogens. Although ISG15 was the first UBL discovered after ubiquitin, the mechanisms behind its protective activity are poorly understood. Largely, this stems from a lack of knowledge on the ISG15 substrate repertoire. To unravel the antiviral activity of ISG15, early studies used mass spectrometry-based proteomics in combination with ISG15 pulldown. Despite reporting hundreds of ISG15 substrates, these studies were unable to identify the exact sites of modification, impeding a clear understanding of the molecular consequences of protein ISGylation. More recently, a peptide-based enrichment approach revolutionized the study of ubiquitin allowing untargeted discovery of ubiquitin substrates, including knowledge of their exact modification sites. Shared molecular determinants between ISG15 and ubiquitin allowed to take advantage of this technology for proteome-wide mapping of ISG15 substrates and modification sites. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of mass spectrometry-based proteomics studies on protein ISGylation. We critically discuss the relevant literature, compare reported substrates and sites and make suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Thery
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Denzel Eggermont
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Dong X, Sun S, Zhang L, Kim S, Tu Z, Montagna C, Maslov AY, Suh Y, Wang T, Campisi J, Vijg J. Age-related telomere attrition causes aberrant gene expression in sub-telomeric regions. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13357. [PMID: 34018656 PMCID: PMC8208793 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere attrition has been proposed as a biomarker and causal factor in aging. In addition to causing cellular senescence and apoptosis, telomere shortening has been found to affect gene expression in subtelomeric regions. Here, we analyzed the distribution of age-related differentially expressed genes from the GTEx RNA sequencing database of 54 tissue types from 979 human subjects and found significantly more upregulated than downregulated genes in subtelomeric regions as compared to the genome-wide average. Our data demonstrate spatial relationships between telomeres and gene expression in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Dong
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and MetabolismDepartment of Genetics, Cell Biology and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Shixiang Sun
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and MetabolismDepartment of Genetics, Cell Biology and DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Seungsoo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Zhidong Tu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale BiologyIcahn School of Medicine Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Alexander Y. Maslov
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- Laboratory of Applied Genomic TechnologiesVoronezh State University of Engineering TechnologyVoronezhRussia
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of Genetics and DevelopmentColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population HealthAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
| | | | - Jan Vijg
- Department of GeneticsAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNYUSA
- School of Public HealthCenter for Single‐Cell OmicsShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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20
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The Power of Stress: The Telo-Hormesis Hypothesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051156. [PMID: 34064566 PMCID: PMC8151059 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptative response to stress is a strategy conserved across evolution to promote survival. In this context, the groundbreaking findings of Miroslav Radman on the adaptative value of changing mutation rates opened new avenues in our understanding of stress response. Inspired by this work, we explore here the putative beneficial effects of changing the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, the telomeres, in response to stress. We first summarize basic principles in telomere biology and then describe how various types of stress can alter telomere structure and functions. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis of stress-induced telomere signaling with hormetic effects.
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21
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Narovlyansky AN, Poloskov VV, Ivanova AM, Mezentseva MV, Suetina IA, Russu LI, Chelarskaya ES, Izmest'eva AV, Ospelnikova TP, Zubashev IK, Sarymsakov AA, Ershov FI. [Interferon-regulating activity of the CelAgrip drug and its influence on the formation of reactive oxygen species and expression of innate immunity genes in Burkitt's lymphome cells cultures.]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 65:87-94. [PMID: 32515564 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-2-87-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interferons (IFN) and IFN inducers are effective in suppressing viral reproduction and correcting of the innate immunity mechanisms. The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis of the possible involvement of the IFN inducer CelAgrip (CA) as an activator or suppressor of antiviral effects in Burkitt's lymphoma (LB) cell cultures with different ability to produce Epstein-Barr virus antigens (EBV). MATERIAL AND METHODS The kinetic analysis of the dynamics of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and determination of gene group expression by real-time PCR in response to CA treatment were done in human cell lines LB P3HR-1 and Namalva, spontaneously producing and not producing EBV antigens. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION When treating CA in Namalva cells, a decrease in the ROS activation index was found; in P3HR-1 cells, an increase was observed. After treatment with CA, there was no reliable activation of the IFN-α, IFN-β and IFN-λ genes in Namalva cells, but the expression of the ISG15 and P53(TP53) genes was increased more than 1200 times and 4.5 times, respectively. When processing the CA of P3HR-1 cells, the expression of IFN-α genes increased by more than 200 times, IFN-λ - 100 times, and the ISG15 gene - 2.2 times. The relationship between IFN-inducing action of CA and the activity of ISG15 and ROS in LB cell cultures producing and not producing EBV antigens is supposed. CONCLUSION In Namalva cells that do not produce EBV antigens the treatment of CA results in suppression of ROS generation and activation of the expression of genes ISG15 and P53 (TP53); in P3HR-1 cells producing EBV antigens, the opposite picture is observed - the formation of ROS and the expression of the IFN-α and IFN-λ genes are activated and the activity of the ISG15 and P53 (TP53) genes is suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Narovlyansky
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - V V Poloskov
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A M Ivanova
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - M V Mezentseva
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - I A Suetina
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - L I Russu
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - E S Chelarskaya
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A V Izmest'eva
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - T P Ospelnikova
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - I K Zubashev
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
| | - A A Sarymsakov
- Institute of Polymer Chemystry and Physics, Tashkent, 100128, Uzbekistan
| | - F I Ershov
- National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya, Moscow, 123098, Russia
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22
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Tecalco-Cruz AC. Molecular Pathways of Interferon-Stimulated Gene 15: Implications in Cancer. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2021; 22:19-28. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203721999201208200747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a 15-kDa ubiquitin-like protein that
can be detected as either free ISG15 or covalently associated with its target proteins through a process
termed ISGylation. Interestingly, extracellular free ISG15 has been proposed as a cytokinelike
protein, whereas ISGylation is a posttranslational modification. ISG15 is a small protein with
implications in some biological processes and pathologies that include cancer. This review highlights
the findings of both free ISG15 and protein ISGylation involved in several molecular pathways,
emerging as central elements in some cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles C. Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa en Ciencias Genomicas, Universidad Autonoma de la Ciudad de Mexico (UACM), Apdo. Postal 03100, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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23
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Raso MC, Djoric N, Walser F, Hess S, Schmid FM, Burger S, Knobeloch KP, Penengo L. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 accelerates replication fork progression inducing chromosomal breakage. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151903. [PMID: 32597933 PMCID: PMC7401800 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202002175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is highly regulated by the ubiquitin system, which plays key roles upon stress. The ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 (interferon-stimulated gene 15) is induced by interferons, bacterial and viral infection, and DNA damage, but it is also constitutively expressed in many types of cancer, although its role in tumorigenesis is still largely elusive. Here, we show that ISG15 localizes at the replication forks, in complex with PCNA and the nascent DNA, where it regulates DNA synthesis. Indeed, high levels of ISG15, intrinsic or induced by interferon-β, accelerate DNA replication fork progression, resulting in extensive DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. This effect is largely independent of ISG15 conjugation and relies on ISG15 functional interaction with the DNA helicase RECQ1, which promotes restart of stalled replication forks. Additionally, elevated ISG15 levels sensitize cells to cancer chemotherapeutic treatments. We propose that ISG15 up-regulation exposes cells to replication stress, impacting genome stability and response to genotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Raso
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Djoric
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Walser
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Hess
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Marc Schmid
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Burger
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Lorenza Penengo
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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24
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Campion CG, Verissimo T, Cossette S, Tremblay J. Does Subtelomeric Position of COMMD5 Influence Cancer Progression? Front Oncol 2021; 11:642130. [PMID: 33768002 PMCID: PMC7985453 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.642130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The COMMD proteins are a family of ten pleiotropic factors which are widely conserved throughout evolution and are involved in the regulation of many cellular and physiological processes. COMMD proteins are mainly expressed in adult tissue and their downregulation has been correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in cancer. Among this family, COMMD5 emerged as a versatile modulator of tumor progression. Its expression can range from being downregulated to highly up regulated in a variety of cancer types. Accordingly, two opposing functions could be proposed for COMMD5 in cancer. Our studies supported a role for COMMD5 in the establishment and maintenance of the epithelial cell phenotype, suggesting a tumor suppressor function. However, genetic alterations leading to amplification of COMMD5 proteins have also been observed in various types of cancer, suggesting an oncogenic function. Interestingly, COMMD5 is the only member of this family that is located at the extreme end of chromosome 8, near its telomere. Here, we review some data concerning expression and role of COMMD5 and propose a novel rationale for the potential link between the subtelomeric position of COMMD5 on chromosome 8 and its contrasting functions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole G Campion
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Verissimo
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Suzanne Cossette
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Johanne Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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25
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Zhang N, Li Y, Lai TP, Shay JW, Danuser G. Imaging assay to probe the role of telomere length shortening on telomere-gene interactions in single cells. Chromosoma 2021; 130:61-73. [PMID: 33555479 PMCID: PMC7889534 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-020-00747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive non-coding nucleotide sequences (TTAGGGn) capping the ends of chromosomes. Progressive telomere shortening with increasing age has been associated with shifts in gene expression through models such as the telomere position effect (TPE), which suggests reduced interference of the telomere with transcriptional activity of increasingly more distant genes. A modification of the TPE model, referred to as Telomere Position Effects over Long Distance (TPE-OLD), explains why some genes 1-10 MB from a telomere are still affected by TPE, but genes closer to the telomere are not. Here, we describe an imaging approach to systematically examine the occurrence of TPE-OLD at the single cell level. Compared to existing methods, the pipeline allows rapid analysis of hundreds to thousands of cells, which is necessary to establish TPE-OLD as an acceptable mechanism of gene expression regulation. We examined two human genes, ISG15 and TERT, for which TPE-OLD has been described before. For both genes, we found less interaction with the telomere on the same chromosome in old cells compared to young cells; and experimentally elongated telomeres in old cells rescued the level of telomere interaction for both genes. However, the dependency of the interactions on the age progression from young to old cells varied. One model for the differences between ISG15 and TERT may relate to the markedly distinct interstitial telomeric sequence arrangement in the two genes. Overall, this provides a strong rationale for the role of telomere length shortening in the regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tsung-Po Lai
- Center of Human Development and Aging, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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26
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More than Meets the ISG15: Emerging Roles in the DNA Damage Response and Beyond. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111557. [PMID: 33203188 PMCID: PMC7698331 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome stability is a crucial priority for any organism. To meet this priority, robust signalling networks exist to facilitate error-free DNA replication and repair. These signalling cascades are subject to various regulatory post-translational modifications that range from simple additions of chemical moieties to the conjugation of ubiquitin-like proteins (UBLs). Interferon Stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15) is one such UBL. While classically thought of as a component of antiviral immunity, ISG15 has recently emerged as a regulator of genome stability, with key roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) to modulate p53 signalling and error-free DNA replication. Additional proteomic analyses and cancer-focused studies hint at wider-reaching, uncharacterised functions for ISG15 in genome stability. We review these recent discoveries and highlight future perspectives to increase our understanding of this multifaceted UBL in health and disease.
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27
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Froidure A, Mahieu M, Hoton D, Laterre PF, Yombi JC, Koenig S, Ghaye B, Defour JP, Decottignies A. Short telomeres increase the risk of severe COVID-19. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:19911-19922. [PMID: 33104521 PMCID: PMC7655194 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are non-coding DNA sequences that protect chromosome ends and shorten with age. Short telomere length (TL) is associated with chronic diseases and immunosenescence. The main risk factor for mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is older age, but outcome is very heterogeneous among individuals of the same age group. Therefore, we hypothesized that TL influences COVID-19-related outcomes. In a prospective study, we measured TL by Flow-FISH in 70 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and compared TL distribution with our reference cohort of 491 healthy volunteers. We also correlated TL with baseline clinical and biological parameters. We stained autopsy lung tissue from six non-survivor COVID-19 patients to detect senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, a marker of cellular aging. We found a significantly higher proportion of patients with short telomeres (<10th percentile) in the COVID-19 patients as compared to the reference cohort (P<0.001). Short telomeres were associated with a higher risk of critical disease, defined as admission to intensive care unit (ICU) or death without ICU. TL was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Finally, lung tissue from patients with very short telomeres exhibit signs of senescence in structural and immune cells. Our results suggest that TL influences the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Froidure
- Department of Pulmonology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manon Mahieu
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine Hoton
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre-François Laterre
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Intensive Care, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean Cyr Yombi
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandra Koenig
- Department of Pulmonology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Ghaye
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Radiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Defour
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Hematology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Du L, Liu Q, Shen F, Fan Z, Hou R, Yue B, Zhang X. Transcriptome analysis reveals immune-related gene expression changes with age in giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) blood. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:249-262. [PMID: 30641486 PMCID: PMC6339791 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), an endangered species endemic to western China, has long been threatened with extinction that is exacerbated by highly contagious and fatal diseases. Aging is the most well-defined risk factor for diseases and is associated with a decline in immune function leading to increased susceptibility to infection and reduced response to vaccination. Therefore, this study aimed to determine which genes and pathways show differential expression with age in blood tissues. We obtained 210 differentially expressed genes by RNA-seq, including 146 up-regulated and 64 down-regulated genes in old pandas (18-21yrs) compared to young pandas (2-6yrs). We identified ISG15, STAT1, IRF7 and DDX58 as the hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network. All of these genes were up-regulated with age and played important roles in response to pathogen invasion. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that up-regulated genes were mainly involved in innate immune response, while the down-regulated genes were mainly related to B cell activation. These may suggest that the innate immunity is relatively well preserved to compensate for the decline in the adaptive immune function. In conclusion, our findings will provide a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying immune changes associated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianming Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.,College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Fujun Shen
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rong Hou
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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29
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Geng Y, Shen F, Wu W, Zhang L, Luo L, Fan Z, Hou R, Yue B, Zhang X. First demonstration of giant panda's immune response to canine distemper vaccine. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:103489. [PMID: 31473266 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) is a high fatal virus to the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), where CDV vaccination is a key preventative measure in captive giant pandas. However, the immune response of giant pandas to CDV vaccination has been little studied. In this study, we investigated the blood transcriptome expression profiles of five giant panda cubs after three inoculations, 21 days apart. Blood samples were collected before vaccination (0 Day), and 24 h after each of the three inoculations; defined here as 1 Day, 21 Day, and 42 Day. Compared to 0 Day, we obtained 1262 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during inoculations. GO and KEGG pathways enrichment analysis of these DEGs found 222 GO terms and 40 pathways. The maximum immune-related terms were enriched by DEGs from comparisons of 21 Day and 0 Day. In the PPI analysis, we identified RSAD2, IL18, ISG15 immune-related hub genes from 1 Day and 21 Day comparison. Compared to 0 Day, innate immune-related genes, TLR4 and TLR8, were up-regulated at 1 Day, and the expressions of IRF1, RSAD2, MX1, and OAS2 were highest at 21 Day. Of the adaptive immune-related genes, IL15, promoting T cell differentiation into CD8+T cells, was up-regulated after the first two inoculations, IL12β, promoting T cell differentiation into memory cells, and IL10, promoting B cell proliferation and differentiation, were down-regulated during three inoculations. Our results indicated that the immune response of five giant panda cubs was strongest after the second inoculation, most likely protected against CDV infection through innate immunity and T cells, but did not produce enough memory cells to maintain long-term immunity after CDV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Fujun Shen
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Li Luo
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Zhenxin Fan
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Rong Hou
- The Sichuan Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, 610081, China.
| | - Bisong Yue
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China.
| | - Xiuyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
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30
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Young E, Abid HZ, Kwok PY, Riethman H, Xiao M. Comprehensive Analysis of Human Subtelomeres by Whole Genome Mapping. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008347. [PMID: 31986135 PMCID: PMC7004388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed comprehensive knowledge of the structures of individual long-range telomere-terminal haplotypes are needed to understand their impact on telomere function, and to delineate the population structure and evolution of subtelomere regions. However, the abundance of large evolutionarily recent segmental duplications and high levels of large structural variations have complicated both the mapping and sequence characterization of human subtelomere regions. Here, we use high throughput optical mapping of large single DNA molecules in nanochannel arrays for 154 human genomes from 26 populations to present a comprehensive look at human subtelomere structure and variation. The results catalog many novel long-range subtelomere haplotypes and determine the frequencies and contexts of specific subtelomeric duplicons on each chromosome arm, helping to clarify the currently ambiguous nature of many specific subtelomere structures as represented in the current reference sequence (HG38). The organization and content of some duplicons in subtelomeres appear to show both chromosome arm and population-specific trends. Based upon these trends we estimate a timeline for the spread of these duplication blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Young
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Heba Z. Abid
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Harold Riethman
- Medical Diagnostic & Translational Sciences, Old Dominium University, Norfolk, VA, United States of America
| | - Ming Xiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease in the School of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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31
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Abstract
Many recent advances have emerged in the telomere and telomerase fields. This Timeline article highlights the key advances that have expanded our views on the mechanistic underpinnings of telomeres and telomerase and their roles in ageing and disease. Three decades ago, the classic view was that telomeres protected the natural ends of linear chromosomes and that telomerase was a specific telomere-terminal transferase necessary for the replication of chromosome ends in single-celled organisms. While this concept is still correct, many diverse fields associated with telomeres and telomerase have substantially matured. These areas include the discovery of most of the key molecular components of telomerase, implications for limits to cellular replication, identification and characterization of human genetic disorders that result in premature telomere shortening, the concept that inhibiting telomerase might be a successful therapeutic strategy and roles for telomeres in regulating gene expression. We discuss progress in these areas and conclude with challenges and unanswered questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Woodring E Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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32
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Alnafakh RAA, Adishesh M, Button L, Saretzki G, Hapangama DK. Telomerase and Telomeres in Endometrial Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:344. [PMID: 31157162 PMCID: PMC6533802 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres at the termini of human chromosomes are shortened with each round of cell division due to the “end replication problem” as well as oxidative stress. During carcinogenesis, cells acquire or retain mechanisms to maintain telomeres to avoid initiation of cellular senescence or apoptosis and halting cell division by critically short telomeres. The unique reverse transcriptase enzyme complex, telomerase, catalyzes the maintenance of telomeres but most human somatic cells do not have sufficient telomerase activity to prevent telomere shortening. Tissues with high and prolonged replicative potential demonstrate adequate cellular telomerase activity to prevent telomere erosion, and high telomerase activity appears to be a critical feature of most (80–90%) epithelial cancers, including endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancers regress in response to progesterone which is frequently used to treat advanced endometrial cancer. Endometrial telomerase is inhibited by progestogens and deciphering telomere and telomerase biology in endometrial cancer is therefore important, as targeting telomerase (a downstream target of progestogens) in endometrial cancer may provide novel and more effective therapeutic avenues. This review aims to examine the available evidence for the role and importance of telomere and telomerase biology in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafah A A Alnafakh
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Meera Adishesh
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Button
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Saretzki
- The Ageing Biology Centre and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Dharani K Hapangama
- Liverpool Women's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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33
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Nguyen K, Broucqsault N, Chaix C, Roche S, Robin JD, Vovan C, Gerard L, Mégarbané A, Urtizberea JA, Bellance R, Barnérias C, David A, Eymard B, Fradin M, Manel V, Sacconi S, Tiffreau V, Zagnoli F, Cuisset JM, Salort-Campana E, Attarian S, Bernard R, Lévy N, Magdinier F. Deciphering the complexity of the 4q and 10q subtelomeres by molecular combing in healthy individuals and patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. J Med Genet 2019; 56:590-601. [PMID: 31010831 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subtelomeres are variable regions between telomeres and chromosomal-specific regions. One of the most studied pathologies linked to subtelomeric imbalance is facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD). In most cases, this disease involves shortening of an array of D4Z4 macrosatellite elements at the 4q35 locus. The disease also segregates with a specific A-type haplotype containing a degenerated polyadenylation signal distal to the last repeat followed by a repetitive array of β-satellite elements. This classification applies to most patients with FSHD. A subset of patients called FSHD2 escapes this definition and carries a mutation in the SMCHD1 gene. We also recently described patients carrying a complex rearrangement consisting of a cis-duplication of the distal 4q35 locus identified by molecular combing. METHODS Using this high-resolution technology, we further investigated the organisation of the 4q35 region linked to the disease and the 10q26 locus presenting with 98% of homology in controls and patients. RESULTS Our analyses reveal a broad variability in size of the different elements composing these loci highlighting the complexity of these subtelomeres and the difficulty for genomic assembly. Out of the 1029 DNA samples analysed in our centre in the last 7 years, we also identified 54 cases clinically diagnosed with FSHD carrying complex genotypes. This includes mosaic patients, patients with deletions of the proximal 4q region and 23 cases with an atypical chromosome 10 pattern, infrequently found in the control population and never reported before. CONCLUSION Overall, this work underlines the complexity of these loci challenging the diagnosis and genetic counselling for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Nguyen
- Medical Genetics, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Natacha Broucqsault
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Charlene Chaix
- Medical Genetics, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Roche
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme D Robin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Vovan
- Medical Genetics, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Laurene Gerard
- Medical Genetics, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jon Andoni Urtizberea
- Pôle Soins de suite et réadaptation handicaps lourds et maladies rares neurologiques, Hôpital Marin, Assistance publique des hopitaux de Paris, Hendaye, France
| | - Remi Bellance
- Hopital Pierre Zobda-Quitman, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Christine Barnérias
- Service de Neurologie infantile, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Centre de Référence de Maladies Neuromusculaires Garches-Necker-Mondor-Hendaye (GNMH), Réseau National Français de la Filière Neuromusculaire (FILNEMUS), Paris, France
| | | | - Bruno Eymard
- Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Melanie Fradin
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre De Référence Anomalies du Développement, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Véronique Manel
- Centre référent maladies neuromusculaires rares, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Bron, France
| | - Sabrina Sacconi
- Peripheral Nervous System, Muscle and ALS Department, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France
| | - Vincent Tiffreau
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, service de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Centre hospitalier régionale de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabien Zagnoli
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, CHU Morvan, Brest, France
| | | | - Emmanuelle Salort-Campana
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France.,Centre de reference des maladies neuromusculaires, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Shahram Attarian
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France.,Centre de reference des maladies neuromusculaires, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Rafaëlle Bernard
- Medical Genetics, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Lévy
- Medical Genetics, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
| | - Frederique Magdinier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, Marseille, France
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Tedone E, Huang E, O'Hara R, Batten K, Ludlow AT, Lai TP, Arosio B, Mari D, Wright WE, Shay JW. Telomere length and telomerase activity in T cells are biomarkers of high-performing centenarians. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12859. [PMID: 30488553 PMCID: PMC6351827 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is generally recognized that the function of the immune system declines with increased age and one of the major immune changes is impaired T-cell responses upon antigen presentation/stimulation. Some "high-performing" centenarians (100+ years old) are remarkably successful in escaping, or largely postponing, major age-related diseases. However, the majority of centenarians ("low-performing") have experienced these pathologies and are forced to reside in long-term nursing facilities. Previous studies have pooled all centenarians examining heterogeneous populations of resting/unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). T cells represent around 60% of PBMC and are in a quiescence state when unstimulated. However, upon stimulation, T cells rapidly divide and exhibit dramatic changes in gene expression. We have compared stimulated T-cell responses and identified a set of transcripts expressed in vitro that are dramatically different in high- vs. low-performing centenarians. We have also identified several other measurements that are different between high- and low-performing centenarians: (a) The amount of proliferation following in vitro stimulation is dramatically greater in high-performing centenarians compared to 67- to 83-year-old controls and low-performing centenarians; (b) telomere length is greater in the high-performing centenarians; and (c) telomerase activity following stimulation is greater in the high-performing centenarians. In addition, we have validated a number of genes whose expression is directly related to telomere length and these are potential fundamental biomarkers of aging that may influence the risk and progression of multiple aging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Tedone
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ejun Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ryan O'Hara
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kimberly Batten
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Andrew T Ludlow
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Tsung-Po Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mari
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Ca' Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Woodring E Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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35
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Okamoto K, Seimiya H. Revisiting Telomere Shortening in Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020107. [PMID: 30709063 PMCID: PMC6406355 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres, the protective structures of chromosome ends are gradually shortened by each cell division, eventually leading to senescence or apoptosis. Cancer cells maintain the telomere length for unlimited growth by telomerase reactivation or a recombination-based mechanism. Recent genome-wide analyses have unveiled genetic and epigenetic alterations of the telomere maintenance machinery in cancer. While telomerase inhibition reveals that longer telomeres are more advantageous for cell survival, cancer cells often have paradoxically shorter telomeres compared with those found in the normal tissues. In this review, we summarize the latest knowledge about telomere length alterations in cancer and revisit its rationality. Finally, we discuss the potential utility of telomere length as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Okamoto
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
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36
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Laberthonnière C, Magdinier F, Robin JD. Bring It to an End: Does Telomeres Size Matter? Cells 2019; 8:E30. [PMID: 30626097 PMCID: PMC6356554 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are unique nucleoprotein structures. Found at the edge of each chromosome, their main purpose is to mask DNA ends from the DNA-repair machinery by formation of protective loops. Through life and cell divisions, telomeres shorten and bring cells closer to either cell proliferation crisis or senescence. Beyond this mitotic clock role attributed to the need for telomere to be maintained over a critical length, the very tip of our DNA has been shown to impact transcription by position effect. TPE and a long-reach counterpart, TPE-OLD, are mechanisms recently described in human biology. Still in infancy, the mechanism of action of these processes and their respective genome wide impact remain to be resolved. In this review, we will discuss recent findings on telomere dynamics, TPE, TPE-OLD, and lessons learnt from model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frédérique Magdinier
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, 13385 Marseille, France.
| | - Jérôme D Robin
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, Marseille Medical Genetics U1251, 13385 Marseille, France.
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Mukherjee AK, Sharma S, Sengupta S, Saha D, Kumar P, Hussain T, Srivastava V, Roy SD, Shay JW, Chowdhury S. Telomere length-dependent transcription and epigenetic modifications in promoters remote from telomere ends. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007782. [PMID: 30439955 PMCID: PMC6264879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere-binding proteins constituting the shelterin complex have been studied primarily for telomeric functions. However, mounting evidence shows non-telomeric binding and gene regulation by shelterin factors. This raises a key question—do telomeres impact binding of shelterin proteins at distal non-telomeric sites? Here we show that binding of the telomere-repeat-binding-factor-2 (TRF2) at promoters ~60 Mb from telomeres depends on telomere length in human cells. Promoter TRF2 occupancy was depleted in cells with elongated telomeres resulting in altered TRF2-mediated transcription of distal genes. In addition, histone modifications—activation (H3K4me1 and H3K4me3) as well as silencing marks (H3K27me3)—at distal promoters were telomere length-dependent. These demonstrate that transcription, and the epigenetic state, of telomere-distal promoters can be influenced by telomere length. Molecular links between telomeres and the extra-telomeric genome, emerging from findings here, might have important implications in telomere-related physiology, particularly ageing and cancer. Telomeres (special DNA-protein assemblies that protect chromosome ends) affect ageing and diseases such as cancer. Although this has been recognized for many years, biological processes that connect telomeres to ageing, cancer and other cellular functions remain to be fully understood. Certain proteins, believed to be only telomere-associated, engage DNA outside telomeres. This raises an interesting question. Does telomere length influence how telomere-binding proteins associate with DNA at regions distal from telomeres. If so, how does this impact function? Motivated by these questions, in the present studies we tested if extra-telomeric binding of the well-known telomere-repeat-binding-actor-2 (TRF2) depends on telomere length. Our results show that the level of DNA-bound TRF2 at telomere-distal sites changes as telomeres shorten or elongate. Consequently, TRF2-mediated gene regulation affects many genes. Notably, histone modifications that dictate chromatin compaction and access to regulatory factors, at sites distant from telomere ends also depended on telomere length. Together, this links the state of telomeres to gene regulation and epigenetics directly in ways not previously appreciated that might impact a more complete understanding of molecular processes underlying ageing and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Kishore Mukherjee
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shalu Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman Sengupta
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhurjhoti Saha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- G.N.R. Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tabish Hussain
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Srivastava
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumitabho Deb Roy
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jerry W. Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shantanu Chowdhury
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- G.N.R. Knowledge Centre for Genome Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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38
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Telomeres and aging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 52:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Song S, Johnson FB. Epigenetic Mechanisms Impacting Aging: A Focus on Histone Levels and Telomeres. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040201. [PMID: 29642537 PMCID: PMC5924543 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and age-related diseases pose some of the most significant and difficult challenges to modern society as well as to the scientific and medical communities. Biological aging is a complex, and, under normal circumstances, seemingly irreversible collection of processes that involves numerous underlying mechanisms. Among these, chromatin-based processes have emerged as major regulators of cellular and organismal aging. These include DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and telomere regulation, including how these are influenced by environmental factors such as diet. Here we focus on two interconnected categories of chromatin-based mechanisms impacting aging: those involving changes in the levels of histones or in the functions of telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Song
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Biomedical Graduate Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - F Brad Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Institute on Aging, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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40
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Tanaka H, Phipps EA, Wei T, Wu X, Goswami C, Liu Y, Sledge GW, Mina L, Herbert BS. Altered expression of telomere-associated genes in leukocytes among BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:567-575. [PMID: 29240257 PMCID: PMC5832588 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Telomere dysfunction resulting from telomere shortening and deregulation of shelterin components has been linked to the pathogenesis of age-related disorders, including cancer. Recent evidence suggests that BRCA1/2 (BRCA1 and BRCA2) tumor suppressor gene products play an important role in telomere maintenance. Although telomere shortening has been reported in BRCA1/2 carriers, the direct effects of BRCA1/2 haploinsufficiency on telomere maintenance and predisposition to cancer development are not completely understood. In this study, we assessed the telomere-associated and telomere-proximal gene expression profiles in peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, compared to samples from sporadic and familial breast cancer individuals. We found that 25 genes, including TINF2 gene (a negative regulator of telomere length), were significantly differentially expressed in BRCA1 carriers. Leukocyte telomere length analysis revealed that BRCA1/2 carriers had relatively shorter telomeres than healthy controls. Further, affected BRCA1/2 carriers were well differentiated from unaffected BRCA1/2 carriers by the expression of telomere-proximal genes. Our results link BRCA1/2 haploinsufficiency to changes in telomere length, telomere-associated as well as telomere-proximal gene expression. Thus, this work supports the effect of BRCA1/2 haploinsufficiency in the biology underlying telomere dysfunction in cancer development. Future studies evaluating these findings will require a large study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Tanaka
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Elizabeth A. Phipps
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Chirayu Goswami
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Lida Mina
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brittney-Shea Herbert
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN
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41
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Kim W, Shay JW. Long-range telomere regulation of gene expression: Telomere looping and telomere position effect over long distances (TPE-OLD). Differentiation 2018; 99:1-9. [PMID: 29197683 PMCID: PMC5826875 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The human cellular reverse transcriptase, telomerase, is very tightly regulated in large long-lived species. Telomerase is expressed during early human fetal development, is turned off in most adult tissues, and then becomes reactivated in almost all human cancers. However, the exact mechanism regulating these switches in expression are not known. We recently described a phenomenon where genes are regulated by telomere length dependent loops (telomere position effects over long distances; TPE-OLD). The hTERT gene is ~ 1.2Mb from the human chromosome 5p end. We observed that when telomeres are long hTERT gene expression is repressed and a probe next to the 5p telomere and the hTERT locus are spatially co-localized. When telomeres are short at least one of the hTERT alleles is spatially separated from the telomere, developing more active histone marks and changes in DNA methylation in the hTERT promoter region. These findings have implications for how cells turn off telomerase when telomeres are long during fetal development and how cancer cells reactivate telomerase in cells that have short telomeres. In addition to TPE-OLD, in proliferating stem cells such as activated T-lymphocytes, telomerase can be reversibly activated and silenced by telomere looping. In telomerase positive cancer cells that are induced to differentiate and downregulate telomerase, telomere looping correlates with silencing of the hTERT gene. These studies and others support a role of telomeres in regulating gene expression via telomere looping that may involve interactions with internal telomeric sequences (ITS). In addition to telomere looping, TPE-OLD may be one mechanism of how cells time changes in physiology without initiating a DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanil Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Young E, Pastor S, Rajagopalan R, McCaffrey J, Sibert J, Mak ACY, Kwok PY, Riethman H, Xiao M. High-throughput single-molecule mapping links subtelomeric variants and long-range haplotypes with specific telomeres. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:e73. [PMID: 28180280 PMCID: PMC5605236 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate maps and DNA sequences for human subtelomere regions, along with detailed knowledge of subtelomere variation and long-range telomere-terminal haplotypes in individuals, are critical for understanding telomere function and its roles in human biology. Here, we use a highly automated whole genome mapping technology in nano-channel arrays to analyze large terminal human chromosome segments extending from chromosome-specific subtelomere sequences through subtelomeric repeat regions to terminal (TTAGGG)n repeat tracts. We establish detailed maps for subtelomere gap regions in the human reference sequence, detect many new large subtelomeric variants and demonstrate the feasibility of long-range haplotyping through segmentally duplicated subtelomere regions. These features make the method a uniquely valuable new tool for improving the quality of genome assemblies in complex DNA regions. Based on single molecule mapping of telomere-terminal DNA fragments, we provide proof of principle for a novel method to estimate telomere lengths linked to distinguishable telomeric haplotypes; this single-telomere genotyping method may ultimately enable delineation of human cis elements involved in telomere length regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Young
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
| | - Steven Pastor
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
| | | | - Jennifer McCaffrey
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
| | - Justin Sibert
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA
| | - Angel C Y Mak
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158 USA
| | - Harold Riethman
- Old Dominion University, Medical Diagnostic and Translational Sciences, Norfolk, VA, 23529 USA
| | - Ming Xiao
- Drexel University, School of Biomedical Engineering, Philadelphia, PA, 19104 USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19102 USA
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Villarroya-Beltri C, Guerra S, Sánchez-Madrid F. ISGylation - a key to lock the cell gates for preventing the spread of threats. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2961-2969. [PMID: 28842471 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.205468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is an ubiquitin-like protein whose expression and conjugation to targets (ISGylation) is induced by infection, interferon (IFN)-α and -β, ischemia, DNA damage and aging. Attention has historically focused on the antiviral effects of ISGylation, which blocks the entry, replication or release of different intracellular pathogens. However, recently, new functions of ISGylation have emerged that implicate it in multiple cellular processes, such as DNA repair, autophagy, protein translation and exosome secretion. In this Review, we discuss the induction and conjugation of ISG15, as well as the functions of ISGylation in the prevention of infections and in cancer progression. We also offer a novel perspective with regard to the latest findings on this pathway, with special attention to the role of ISGylation in the inhibition of exosome secretion, which is mediated by fusion of multivesicular bodies with lysosomes. Finally, we propose that under conditions of stress or infection, ISGylation acts as a defense mechanism to inhibit normal protein translation by modifying protein kinase R (PKR, also known as EIF2AK2), while any newly synthesized proteins are being tagged and thus marked as potentially dangerous. Then, the endosomal system is re-directed towards protein degradation at the lysosome, to effectively 'lock' the cell gates and thus prevent the spread of pathogens, prions and deleterious aggregates through exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villarroya-Beltri
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Guerra
- Preventive Medicine Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain .,Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Tanikawa N, Ohtsu A, Kawahara-Miki R, Kimura K, Matsuyama S, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Shirasuna K. Age-associated mRNA expression changes in bovine endometrial cells in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:63. [PMID: 28806906 PMCID: PMC5556672 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cells secrete various cytokines and the dysfunction of endometrial cells may directly lead to infertility. Interferon tau (IFNT) secreted by trophoblast cells, a well-known pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants, acts on the uterus to prepare for pregnancy. Aging causes cellular and organ dysfunction, and advanced maternal age is associated with reduced fertility. However, few studies have investigated age-dependent changes in the uterus. METHODS Using next generation sequencing and real-time PCR, we examined mRNA expression in bovine endometrial cells in vitro obtained from young (mean 45.2 months) and aged (mean 173.5 months) animals and the effects of IFNT depending on the age. RESULTS We showed that inflammation-related (predicted molecules are IL1A, C1Qs, DDX58, NFKB, and CCL5) and interferon-signaling (predicted molecules are IRFs, IFITs, STATs, and IFNs) pathways were activated in endometrial cells obtained from aged compared to young cows. Also, the activation of "DNA damage checkpoint regulation" and the inhibition of "mitotic mechanisms" in endometrial cells obtained from aged cows were evident. Moreover, we showed lower cell viability levels in endometrial cells obtained from aged compared to young cows. Although treatment with IFNT upregulated various types of interferon stimulated genes both in endometrial cells obtained from young and aged cows, the rate of increase by IFNT stimulus was obviously lower in endometrial cells obtained from aged compared to young cows. CONCLUSIONS Endometrial cells obtained from aged cows exhibited higher levels of inflammatory- and IFN-signaling, and dysfunction of cell division compared with young cows. In addition, a high basal level of IFN-related genes in endometrial cells of aged cows is suggested a concept of "inflammaging".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanikawa
- grid.410772.7Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
| | - Ayaka Ohtsu
- grid.410772.7Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
| | - Ryouka Kawahara-Miki
- grid.410772.7NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Koji Kimura
- 0000 0001 1302 4472grid.261356.5Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- 0000 0000 9191 6962grid.419600.aAnimal Feeding and Management Research Division, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- grid.410772.7Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- grid.410772.7Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- grid.410772.7Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
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45
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Wang Z, Deng Z, Tutton S, Lieberman PM. The Telomeric Response to Viral Infection. Viruses 2017; 9:v9080218. [PMID: 28792463 PMCID: PMC5580475 DOI: 10.3390/v9080218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ends of linear genomes, whether viral or cellular, can elicit potent DNA damage and innate immune signals. DNA viruses entering the nucleus share many features with telomeres in their ability to either suppress or co-opt these pathways. Here, we review some of the common mechanisms that viruses and telomeres use to manage the DNA damage and innate immune response pathways. We highlight recent studies on the role of the telomere repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) in response to viral infection. We discuss how TERRA can be activated through a p53-response element embedded in a retrotransposon-like repeat found in human subtelomeres. We consider how TERRA can function as a danger signal when secreted in extracellular vesicles to induce inflammatory cytokines in neighboring cells. These findings suggest that TERRA may be part of the innate immune response to viral infection, and support the hypothesis that telomeres and viruses utilize common mechanisms to maintain genome integrity and regulate innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Zhong Deng
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Steve Tutton
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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46
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Kim W, Ludlow AT, Min J, Robin JD, Stadler G, Mender I, Lai TP, Zhang N, Wright WE, Shay JW. Regulation of the Human Telomerase Gene TERT by Telomere Position Effect-Over Long Distances (TPE-OLD): Implications for Aging and Cancer. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e2000016. [PMID: 27977688 PMCID: PMC5169358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase is expressed in early human development and then becomes silenced in most normal tissues. Because ~90% of primary human tumors express telomerase and generally maintain very short telomeres, telomerase is carefully regulated, particularly in large, long-lived mammals. In the current report, we provide substantial evidence for a new regulatory control mechanism of the rate limiting catalytic protein component of telomerase (hTERT) that is determined by the length of telomeres. We document that normal, young human cells with long telomeres have a repressed hTERT epigenetic status (chromatin and DNA methylation), but the epigenetic status is altered when telomeres become short. The change in epigenetic status correlates with altered expression of TERT and genes near to TERT, indicating a change in chromatin. Furthermore, we identified a chromosome 5p telomere loop to a region near TERT in human cells with long telomeres that is disengaged with increased cell divisions as telomeres progressively shorten. Finally, we provide support for a role of the TRF2 protein, and possibly TERRA, in the telomere looping maintenance mechanism through interactions with interstitial TTAGGG repeats. This provides new insights into how the changes in genome structure during replicative aging result in an increased susceptibility to age-related diseases and cancer prior to the initiation of a DNA damage signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanil Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew T Ludlow
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jaewon Min
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jerome D Robin
- Faculté de Médecine, Tour Pasteur 8éme Étage, Nice, France
| | - Guido Stadler
- Berkeley Lights, Inc., Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Ilgen Mender
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tsung-Po Lai
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Woodring E Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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47
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Villarroya-Beltri C, Baixauli F, Mittelbrunn M, Fernández-Delgado I, Torralba D, Moreno-Gonzalo O, Baldanta S, Enrich C, Guerra S, Sánchez-Madrid F. ISGylation controls exosome secretion by promoting lysosomal degradation of MVB proteins. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13588. [PMID: 27882925 PMCID: PMC5123068 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles secreted to the extracellular environment through fusion with the plasma membrane of specific endosomes called multivesicular bodies (MVB) and mediate cell-to-cell communication in many biological processes. Posttranslational modifications are involved in the sorting of specific proteins into exosomes. Here we identify ISGylation as a ubiquitin-like modification that controls exosome release. ISGylation induction decreases MVB numbers and impairs exosome secretion. Using ISG15-knockout mice and mice expressing the enzymatically inactive form of the de-ISGylase USP18, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that ISG15 conjugation regulates exosome secretion. ISG15 conjugation triggers MVB co-localization with lysosomes and promotes the aggregation and degradation of MVB proteins. Accordingly, inhibition of lysosomal function or autophagy restores exosome secretion. Specifically, ISGylation of the MVB protein TSG101 induces its aggregation and degradation, being sufficient to impair exosome secretion. These results identify ISGylation as a novel ubiquitin-like modifier in the control of exosome production. Multivesicular bodies (MVB) are endosomal compartments that can either fuse with the plasma membrane for the secretion of exosomes, or fuse with the lysosome and be degraded along with their contents. Here, the authors show that ISGylation of the MVB protein TSG101 impairs exosome secretion and acts as a regulator of MVB fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Villarroya-Beltri
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Baixauli
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mittelbrunn
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Fernández-Delgado
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Torralba
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Moreno-Gonzalo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Baldanta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Guerra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health and Microbiology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Immunology Service, Hospital de la Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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48
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Robin JD, Magdinier F. Physiological and Pathological Aging Affects Chromatin Dynamics, Structure and Function at the Nuclear Edge. Front Genet 2016; 7:153. [PMID: 27602048 PMCID: PMC4993774 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamins are intermediate filaments that form a complex meshwork at the inner nuclear membrane. Mammalian cells express two types of Lamins, Lamins A/C and Lamins B, encoded by three different genes, LMNA, LMNB1, and LMNB2. Mutations in the LMNA gene are associated with a group of phenotypically diverse diseases referred to as laminopathies. Lamins interact with a large number of binding partners including proteins of the nuclear envelope but also chromatin-associated factors. Lamins not only constitute a scaffold for nuclear shape, rigidity and resistance to stress but also contribute to the organization of chromatin and chromosomal domains. We will discuss here the impact of A-type Lamins loss on alterations of chromatin organization and formation of chromatin domains and how disorganization of the lamina contributes to the patho-physiology of premature aging syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme D Robin
- IRCAN, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Faculté de Médecine Nice, France
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49
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Robin JD, Ludlow AT, Batten K, Gaillard MC, Stadler G, Magdinier F, Wright WE, Shay JW. SORBS2 transcription is activated by telomere position effect-over long distance upon telomere shortening in muscle cells from patients with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. Genome Res 2015; 25:1781-90. [PMID: 26359233 PMCID: PMC4665000 DOI: 10.1101/gr.190660.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA is organized into complex three-dimensional chromatin structures, but how this spatial organization regulates gene expression remains a central question. These DNA/chromatin looping structures can range in size from 10-20 kb (enhancers/repressors) to many megabases during intra- and inter-chromosomal interactions. Recently, the influence of telomere length on chromatin organization prior to senescence has revealed the existence of long-distance chromatin loops that dictate the expression of genes located up to 10 Mb from the telomeres (Telomere Position Effect-Over Long Distances [TPE-OLD]). Here, we demonstrate the existence of a telomere loop at the 4q35 locus involving the sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2 gene, SORBS2, a skeletal muscle protein using a modification of the chromosome conformation capture method. The loop reveals a cis-acting mechanism modifying SORBS2 transcription. The expression of this gene is altered by TPE-OLD in myoblasts from patients affected with the age-associated genetic disease, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD1A, MIM 158900). SORBS2 is expressed in FSHD myoblasts with short telomeres, while not detectable in FSHD myoblasts with long telomeres or in healthy myoblasts regardless of telomere length. This indicates that TPE-OLD may modify the regulation of the 4q35 locus in a pathogenic context. Upon differentiation, both FSHD and healthy myotubes express SORBS2, suggesting that SORBS2 is normally up-regulated by maturation/differentiation of skeletal muscle and is misregulated by TPE-OLD-dependent variegation in FSHD myoblasts. These findings provide additional insights for the complexity and age-related symptoms of FSHD.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Biopsy
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
- DNA Methylation
- Epistasis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Loci
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Muscle Cells/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral/genetics
- Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral/metabolism
- Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral/pathology
- MyoD Protein/genetics
- MyoD Protein/metabolism
- Myoblasts
- RNA-Binding Proteins
- Telomere/genetics
- Telomere Shortening
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme D Robin
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Andrew T Ludlow
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kimberly Batten
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | | | - Guido Stadler
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | | | - Woodring E Wright
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; Center for Excellence in Genomics Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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50
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Liu F, Gao X, Wang J, Gao C, Li X, Li X, Gong X, Zeng X. Transcriptome Sequencing to Identify Transcription Factor Regulatory Network and Alternative Splicing in Endothelial Cells Under VEGF Stimulation. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:170-7. [PMID: 26395122 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0653-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying the response of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation. HUVECs were treated with or without 16 ng/mL VEGF for 4 days, and RNA was extracted from HUVECs. After sequencing and data filtering (tool: NGS QC Toolkit), clean data were mapped to genome hg19 (tool: TopHat2). Thereafter, 154 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between VEGF group and control group (tool: Cuffdiff), and DEGs were enriched in 11 pathways associated with cytokine receptor interaction and chemokine signaling. Protein-protein interaction network of DEGs was constructed (tool: STRING), and ISG15 and MX1 were hub DEGs. The regulatory network of DEGs and transcription factors (TFs) (tool: TRED database) was also constructed, and CCL2 and FN1 (hub DEGs) were co-regulated by NFKB1 and RELA (hub TFs). Moreover, exon usage and alternative splicing were analyzed (tool: DEXSeq), and the splicing of ADORA2A was altered under VEGF stimulation. VEGF might influence HUVECs proliferation and migration, as well as angiogenesis process by regulating the expression of ISG15, MX1, CCL2, FN1, and ADORA2A. However, more research studies are still required to verify these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Department of Neurology, Center Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Xianxin Gao
- Department of Neurology, Center Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Center Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Center Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Neurology, Center Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Neurology, Center Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Xiao Gong
- Department of Neurology, Center Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China
| | - Xiandong Zeng
- The Dean's Office, Center Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, 110024, China. .,China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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