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Wen D, Chen Y, Tian X, Hou W. Physical exercise improves the premature muscle aging and lifespan reduction induced by high-salt intake and muscle CG2196(salt) overexpression in Drosophila. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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2
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Vaibhvi V, Künzel S, Roeder T. Hemocytes and fat body cells, the only professional immune cell types in Drosophila, show strikingly different responses to systemic infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040510. [PMID: 36505446 PMCID: PMC9726733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly Drosophila is an excellent model to study the response of different immunocompetent organs during systemic infection. In the present study, we intended to test the hypothesis that the only professional immune organs of the fly, the fat body and hemocytes, show substantial similarities in their responses to systemic infection. However, comprehensive transcriptome analysis of isolated organs revealed highly divergent transcript signatures, with the few commonly regulated genes encoding mainly classical immune effectors from the antimicrobial peptide family. The fat body and the hemocytes each have specific reactions that are not present in the other organ. Fat body-specific responses comprised those enabling an improved peptide synthesis and export. This reaction is accompanied by transcriptomic shifts enabling the use of the energy resources of the fat body more efficiently. Hemocytes, on the other hand, showed enhanced signatures related to phagocytosis. Comparing immune-induced signatures of both cell types with those of whole-body responses showed only a minimal correspondence, mostly restricted again to antimicrobial peptide genes. In summary, the two major immunocompetent cell types of Drosophila show highly specific responses to infection, which are closely linked to the primary function of the respective organ in the landscape of the systemic immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhvi Vaibhvi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Zoology Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Künzel
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Zoology Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany,German Center for Lung Research, Airway Research Center North, Kiel, Germany,*Correspondence: Thomas Roeder,
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Vimal N, Angmo N, Sengupta M, Seth RK. Radiation Hormesis to Improve the Quality of Adult Spodoptera litura (Fabr.). INSECTS 2022; 13:933. [PMID: 36292881 PMCID: PMC9604102 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mass rearing of insects of high biological quality is a crucial attribute for the successful implementation of sterile insect release programs. Various ontogenetic stages of Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) were treated with a range of low doses of ionizing radiation (0.25-1.25 Gy) to assess whether these gamma doses could elicit a stimulating effect on the growth and viability of developing moths. Doses in the range of 0.75 Gy to 1.0 Gy administered to eggs positively influenced pupal weight, adult emergence, and growth index, with a faster developmental period. The enhanced longevity of adults derived from eggs treated with 0.75 Gy and 1.0 Gy, and for larvae and pupae treated with 1.0 Gy, indicated a hormetic effect on these life stages. Furthermore, the use of these hormetic doses upregulated the relative mRNA expression of genes associated with longevity (foxo, sirtuin 2 like/sirt1, atg8) and viability/antioxidative function (cat and sod), suggesting a positive hormetic effect at the transcriptional level. These results indicated the potential use of low dose irradiation (0.75-1 Gy) on preimaginal stages as hormetic doses to improve the quality of the reared moths. This might increase the efficiency of the inherited sterility technique for the management of these lepidopteran pests.
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Tahanzadeh N, Knop M, Seidler Y, Dirndorfer S, Lürsen K, Bruchhaus I, Lang R, Rimbach G, Roeder T. An aqueous extract of the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis extends lifespan in a sex-specific manner by interfering with the Tor-FoxO axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6427-6448. [PMID: 35980274 PMCID: PMC9467403 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Food has a decisive influence on our health, to the extent where even lifespan can be directly affected by it. In the present work, we have examined the effects of an aqueous extract of the marine brown alga Eisenia bicyclis in terms of its potential to extend lifespan. For this purpose, we used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model. The experiments showed that small amounts of Eisenia extract can extend lifespan by up to 40%. This effect is not only related to the median but also to the maximum lifespan. Interestingly, this life-extending effect is sex-specific, i.e. it occurs exclusively in females. Even under stressful nutritional conditions such as a high sugar diet, this effect is detectable. Mechanistic studies showed that this life-prolonging effect depends on a functional Tor and a functional FoxO signaling pathway. It can be concluded that components of the Eisenia extract prolong lifespan by interacting with the Tor-FoxO axis. This study may serve to stimulate further investigations, which on the one hand show such a life-prolonging effect also in other organisms and on the other hand identify the substances responsible for this effect. Finally, it may also encourage the increased use of arame as a health-promoting food supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Tahanzadeh
- Kiel University, Department Molecular Physiology, Zoology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirjam Knop
- Kiel University, Department Molecular Physiology, Zoology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yvonne Seidler
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Kai Lürsen
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel, Germany
| | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department Parasitology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Leibniz Institute for Food Systems Biology, TU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Kiel University, Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Kiel University, Department Molecular Physiology, Zoology, Kiel, Germany
- DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, Airway Research Center North, Kiel, Germany
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5
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Komata S, Kajitani R, Itoh T, Fujiwara H. Genomic architecture and functional unit of mimicry supergene in female limited Batesian mimic Papilio butterflies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210198. [PMID: 35694751 PMCID: PMC9189499 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been suggested that dimorphic female-limited Batesian mimicry of two closely related Papilio butterflies, Papilio memnon and Papilio polytes, is controlled by supergenes. Whole-genome sequencing, genome-wide association studies and functional analyses have recently identified mimicry supergenes, including the doublesex (dsx) gene. Although supergenes of both the species are composed of highly divergent regions between mimetic and non-mimetic alleles and are located at the same chromosomal locus, they show critical differences in genomic architecture, particularly with or without an inversion: P. polytes has an inversion, but P. memnon does not. This review introduces and compares the detailed genomic structure of mimicry supergenes in two Papilio species, including gene composition, repetitive sequence composition, breakpoint/boundary site structure, chromosomal inversion and linkage disequilibrium. Expression patterns and functional analyses of the respective genes within or flanking the supergene suggest that dsx and other genes are involved in mimetic traits. In addition, structural comparison of the corresponding region for the mimicry supergene among further Papilio species suggests three scenarios for the evolution of the mimicry supergene between the two Papilio species. The structural features revealed in the Papilio mimicry supergene provide insight into the formation, maintenance and evolution of supergenes. This article is part of the theme issue 'Genomic architecture of supergenes: causes and evolutionary consequences'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Komata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Rei Kajitani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Takehiko Itoh
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Fujiwara
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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6
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Chong MC, Silva A, James PF, Wu SSX, Howitt J. Exercise increases the release of NAMPT in extracellular vesicles and alters NAD + activity in recipient cells. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13647. [PMID: 35661560 PMCID: PMC9282849 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a loss of metabolic homeostasis, with cofactors such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) declining over time. The decrease in NAD+ production has been linked to the age‐related loss of circulating extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), the rate‐limiting enzyme in the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway. eNAMPT is found almost exclusively in extracellular vesicles (EVs), providing a mechanism for the distribution of the enzyme in different tissues. Currently, the physiological cause for the release of eNAMPT is unknown, and how it may be affected by age and physical exercise. Here, we show that release of small EVs into the bloodstream is stimulated following moderate intensity exercise in humans. Exercise also increased the eNAMPT content in EVs, most prominently in young individuals with higher aerobic fitness. Both mature fit and young unfit individuals exhibited a limited increase in EV‐eNAMPT release following exercise, indicating that this mechanism is related to both the age and physical fitness of a person. Notably, unfit mature individuals were unable to increase the release of eNAMPT in EVs after exercise, suggesting that lower fitness levels and aging attenuate this important signalling mechanism in the body. EVs isolated from exercising humans containing eNAMPT were able to alter the abundance of NAD+ and SIRT1 activity in recipient cells compared to pre‐exercise EVs, indicating a pathway for inter‐tissue signalling promoted through exercise. Our results suggest a mechanism to limit age‐related NAD+ decline, through the systemic delivery of eNAMPT via EVs released during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Chee Chong
- School of Health Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | | | | | - Sam Shi Xuan Wu
- School of Health Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Jason Howitt
- School of Health Sciences Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Institute Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Alterations in biogenic amines levels associated with age-related muscular tissue impairment in Drosophila melanogaster. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3739-3748. [PMID: 35844402 PMCID: PMC9280237 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While holding on youth may be a universal wish, aging is a natural process associated with physical and physiological impairment in living organisms. Drosophila provides useful insights into aging-related events. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the age-related changes in muscle function and architecture in relation to the biogenic amine titers. To achieve this aim, visceral and skeletal muscles performance was tested in newly-eclosed, sexually mature and old adult flies using climbing and gut motility assays. In addition, age-related ultrastructural alterations of muscular tissue were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The titer of selected biogenic amines was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results demonstrated that old flies were dramatically slower in upward movement than either newly-eclosed or sexually mature flies. Similarly, gut contraction rate was significantly lower in old flies than the sexually mature, although it was markedly higher than that in the newly-eclosed flies. In TEM examination, there were several ultrastructural changes in the midgut epithelium, legs and thorax muscles of old flies. Regarding biogenic amine titers, the old flies had significantly lower concentrations of octopamine, dopamine and serotonin than the sexually mature. We concluded that aging has adverse effects on muscular system function and ultrastructure, synchronized with biogenic amine titers changes. Our results highlighted the need for more researches on therapeutics that may balance the levels of age-related alterations in biogenic amines.
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Bin-Jumah MN, Nadeem MS, Gilani SJ, Al-Abbasi FA, Ullah I, Alzarea SI, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Uddin A, Murtaza BN, Kazmi I. Genes and Longevity of Lifespan. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031499. [PMID: 35163422 PMCID: PMC8836117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased the average human lifespan worldwide. Several environmental and physiological factors contribute to the aging process. However, about 40% human life expectancy is inherited among generations, many lifespan associated genes, genetic mechanisms and pathways have been demonstrated during last decades. In the present review, we have evaluated many human genes and their non-human orthologs established for their role in the regulation of lifespan. The study has included more than fifty genes reported in the literature for their contributions to the longevity of life. Intact genomic DNA is essential for the life activities at the level of cell, tissue, and organ. Nucleic acids are vulnerable to oxidative stress, chemotherapies, and exposure to radiations. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity, damaged DNA is not replicated and transferred to next generations rather the presence of deleterious DNA initiates signaling cascades leading to the cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation and DNA damage can eventually lead towards apoptosis. The importance of calorie restriction therapy in the extension of lifespan has also been discussed. The role of pathways involved in the regulation of lifespan such as DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box protein O1), TOR and JNK pathways has also been particularized. The study provides an updated account of genetic factors associated with the extended lifespan and their interactive contributory role with cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Nasser Bin-Jumah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
- Environment and Biomaterial Unit, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (I.K.)
| | - Sadaf Jamal Gilani
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Aziz Uddin
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan;
| | - Bibi Nazia Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22310, Pakistan;
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.S.N.); (I.K.)
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9
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Lamont EI, Lee M, Burgdorf D, Ibsen C, McQualter J, Sarhan R, Thompson O, Schulze SR. Mocs1 ( Molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1) may contribute to lifespan extension in Drosophila. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000517. [PMID: 35098048 PMCID: PMC8790633 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
While evaluating the effect on lifespan of decreased ribosomal protein (Rp) expression in Drosophila, we discovered a potential function in the same process for the Molybdenum cofactor synthesis 1 (Mocs1) gene. We utilized the UAS-GAL4 inducible system, by crossing tissue-specific GAL4 drivers to the Harvard Drosophila Transgenic RNAi Project (TrIP) responder lines for Rp gene knockdown. We also employed a negative control that knocked down a gene unrelated to Drosophila (GAL4). Relative to the genetic background in which no driven transgenes were present, lifespan was significantly lengthened in females, both for Rp knockdown and the negative GAL4 control. We reasoned that the Mocs1 gene, located immediately downstream of the integration site on the third chromosome where all the TrIP responders are targeted might be responsible for the lifespan effects observed, due to the potential for upregulation using the UAS-GAL4 system. We repeated the lifespan experiment using an enhancer trap in the same location as the TrIP transgenes, and found that lifespan was significantly lengthened in females that possessed both the driver and responder, relative to controls, implicating Mocs1 in the biology of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor I. Lamont
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - David Burgdorf
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Camille Ibsen
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Jazmyne McQualter
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Ryan Sarhan
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Olivia Thompson
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Sandra R Schulze
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA,
Correspondence to: Sandra R Schulze ()
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10
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Parra-Peralbo E, Talamillo A, Barrio R. Origin and Development of the Adipose Tissue, a Key Organ in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:786129. [PMID: 34993199 PMCID: PMC8724577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.786129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic organ, well known for its function in energy storage and mobilization according to nutrient availability and body needs, in charge of keeping the energetic balance of the organism. During the last decades, adipose tissue has emerged as the largest endocrine organ in the human body, being able to secrete hormones as well as inflammatory molecules and having an important impact in multiple processes such as adipogenesis, metabolism and chronic inflammation. However, the cellular progenitors, development, homeostasis and metabolism of the different types of adipose tissue are not fully known. During the last decade, Drosophila melanogaster has demonstrated to be an excellent model to tackle some of the open questions in the field of metabolism and development of endocrine/metabolic organs. Discoveries ranged from new hormones regulating obesity to subcellular mechanisms that regulate lipogenesis and lipolysis. Here, we review the available evidences on the development, types and functions of adipose tissue in Drosophila and identify some gaps for future research. This may help to understand the cellular and molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of this fascinating key tissue, contributing to establish this organ as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Talamillo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
| | - Rosa Barrio
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain
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11
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Scholl A, Ndoja I, Jiang L. Drosophila Trachea as a Novel Model of COPD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312730. [PMID: 34884534 PMCID: PMC8658011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Clinical studies and research in rodent models demonstrated that failure of repair mechanisms to cope with increased ROS and inflammation in the lung leads to COPD. Despite this progress, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of COPD remain poorly understood, resulting in a lack of effective treatments. Thus, an informative, simple model is highly valued and desired. Recently, the cigarette smoke-induced Drosophila COPD model showed a complex set of pathological phenotypes that resemble those seen in human COPD patients. The Drosophila trachea has been used as a premier model to reveal the mechanisms of tube morphogenesis. The association of these mechanisms to structural changes in COPD can be analyzed by using Drosophila trachea. Additionally, the timeline of structural damage, ROS, and inflammation can be studied in live organisms using fluorescently-tagged proteins. The related function of human COPD genes identified by GWAS can be screened using respective fly homologs. Finally, the Drosophila trachea can be used as a high-throughput drug screening platform to identify novel treatments for COPD. Therefore, Drosophila trachea is an excellent model that is complementary to rodent COPD models.
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12
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Pasyukova EG, Symonenko AV, Rybina OY, Vaiserman AM. Epigenetic enzymes: A role in aging and prospects for pharmacological targeting. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101312. [PMID: 33657446 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of interventions aimed at improving healthspan is one of the priority tasks for the academic and public health authorities. It is also the main objective of a novel branch in biogerontological research, geroscience. According to the geroscience concept, targeting aging is an effective way to combat age-related disorders. Since aging is an exceptionally complex process, system-oriented integrated approaches seem most appropriate for such an interventional strategy. Given the high plasticity and adaptability of the epigenome, epigenome-targeted interventions appear highly promising in geroscience research. Pharmaceuticals targeted at mechanisms involved in epigenetic control of gene activity are actively developed and implemented to prevent and treat various aging-related conditions such as cardiometabolic, neurodegenerative, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. In this review, we describe the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in aging; characterize enzymes contributing to the regulation of epigenetic processes; particularly focus on epigenetic drugs, such as inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases that may potentially affect aging-associated diseases and longevity; and discuss possible caveats associated with the use of epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Pasyukova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Alexander V Symonenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Olga Y Rybina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov Sq. 2, Moscow, 123182, Russia; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Moscow Pedagogical State University», M. Pirogovskaya Str. 1/1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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13
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Al Dubayee M, Alshahrani A, Almalk M, Hakami A, Homoud B, Alzneidi N, Aldhalaan J, Aljbli G, Nasr A, Farahat AI, Aljada A. Metformin alters peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) senescence biomarkers gene expression in type 2 diabetic patients. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107758. [PMID: 33187870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is increasing evidence showing that cell senescence is increased in circulating PBMC in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the data are contradictory. This study examined several senescence biomarkers, including LMNA/C transcript variants, p16INK4a, p53, and p21Cip1/WAF, in PBMC of T2DM patients and the effect of Metformin on these senescence markers. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 30 lean, 30 obese, 20 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and 30 T2DM on Metformin. PBMC were isolated and mRNA expression of the senescence biomarkers were quantified by RT-qPCR. The effect of ectopic expression of LMNA and LMNC in human monocytic cells lines (THP-1 and U937) on several inflammatory mediators were also examined. RESULTS LMNA expression was significantly higher in PBMC of obese and T2DM patients. LMNC expression was significantly inhibited in T2DM patients. LMNAΔ10 and Progerin mRNA expression was not detected in PBMC of all groups. Expression of p16INK4a, p21Cip1/WAF and p53 were inhibited significantly in T2DM. Metformin treatment reverted LMNA, LMNC, and p53 expression levels to normal levels. Upregulation of LMNA in monocytic THP-1 and U937 cell lines induced CD68, TNFα, CCL2, IL-6 and NOS2. CONCLUSIONS These data support the notion that LMNA may mediate senescence in PBMCs of T2DM by upregulating inflammatory pathways. Metformin may exert its anti-inflammatory property by modulation of senescence mediator LMNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al Dubayee
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Saudi Arabia.
| | - Awad Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Saudi Arabia.
| | - Malak Almalk
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Alanoud Hakami
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bareen Homoud
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nowar Alzneidi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jumana Aldhalaan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghaidaa Aljbli
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amre Nasr
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed I Farahat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Anand RS, Ganesan D, Selvam S, Rajasekaran S, Jayavelu T. Distinct utilization of biotin in and between adipose and brain during aging is associated with a lipogenic shift in Wistar rat brain. Nutr Res 2020; 79:68-76. [PMID: 32650222 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-specific metabolism determines their functions that collectively sense and respond to numerous stress cues to achieve systemic homeostasis. Chronic stress skews such metabolic profiles and leads to failure of organs as evidenced by a bias towards lipid synthesis and storage in the aging brain, muscle, and liver under Alzheimer's disease, sarcopenia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, respectively. In contrast, the tissue destined for lipid synthesis and storage, such as adipose, limits its threshold and develops diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying factors that contribute to this lipogenic shift between organs are unknown. From this perspective, differential biotin utilization between lipid-rich tissues such as adipose and brain during aging was hypothesized owing to the established role of biotin in lipogenesis. The same was tested using young and aged Wistar rats. We found that adipose-specific biotin content was much higher than the brain irrespective of aging status, as well as its associated cues. However, within tissues, the adipose fails to maintain its biotinylation levels during aging whereas the brain seizes more biotin and exhibits lipid accumulation. Furthermore, mimicking the age-related stress cues in vitro such as high glucose and endoplasmic reticulum stress deprive the astroglial biotin content, but not that of adipocytes. Lipid accumulation in the aging brain was also correlated with increased S-adenosylmethionine levels and biotin utilization by astrocytes. In summary, differential biotin utilization between adipose and brain under aging and their respective cell types like adipocytes and astrocytes under age-associated stress cues connects well with the lipogenic shift in rat brain.
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15
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Ma S, Sun H, Yang W, Gao M, Xu H. Impact of Probiotic Combination in InR[E19]/TM2 Drosophila melanogaster on Longevity, Related Gene Expression, and Intestinal Microbiota: A Preliminary Study. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1027. [PMID: 32664584 PMCID: PMC7409141 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin receptor (InR) pertains to the insulin receptor family, which plays a key role in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-like signaling (IIS) pathway. Insulin signaling defects may result in the development of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, and the InR mutant has been suggested to bear insulin signaling deficiency. Numerous studies have reported that probiotics are beneficial for the treatment of diabetes; however, the effect of probiotics on patients with InR deficiency has seldom been reported. Therefore, we chose the InR[E19]/TM2 Drosophila melanogaster to investigate. The results indicated that probiotics significantly reduce the mean and median lifespan of InR[E19]/TM2 Drosophila (by 15.56% and 23.82%, respectively), but promote that of wild-type files (by 9.31% and 16.67%, respectively). Significant differences were obtained in the expression of lifespan- and metabolism-related genes, such as Imp-L2, Tor, and GstD2, between the standard diet groups and the probiotics groups. Furthermore, analysis of 16S rDNA via high throughput sequencing revealed that the gut bacterial diversity of Drosophila fed with a probiotic combination also differs from that of Drosophila fed with a standard diet. In summary, these findings indicate that a probiotic combination indeed affects InR[E19]/TM2 Drosophila, but not all of its impacts are positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.M.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (M.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.M.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (M.G.)
| | - Weichao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.M.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (M.G.)
| | - Mingfu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.M.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (M.G.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; (S.M.); (H.S.); (W.Y.); (M.G.)
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16
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Smith HJ, Sharma A, Mair WB. Metabolic Communication and Healthy Aging: Where Should We Focus Our Energy? Dev Cell 2020; 54:196-211. [PMID: 32619405 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a loss of metabolic homeostasis and plasticity, which is causally linked to multiple age-onset pathologies. The majority of the interventions-genetic, dietary, and pharmacological-that have been found to slow aging and protect against age-related disease in various organisms do so by targeting central metabolic pathways. However, targeting metabolic pathways chronically and ubiquitously makes it difficult to define the downstream effects responsible for lifespan extension and often results in negative effects on growth and health, limiting therapeutic potential. Insight into how metabolic signals are relayed between tissues, cells, and organelles opens up new avenues to target metabolic regulators locally rather than globally for healthy aging. In this review, we discuss the pro-longevity effects of targeting metabolic pathways in specific tissues and how these interventions communicate with distal cells to modulate aging. These studies may be crucial in designing interventions that promote longevity without negative health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Smith
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arpit Sharma
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William B Mair
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Trostnikov MV, Veselkina ER, Krementsova AV, Boldyrev SV, Roshina NV, Pasyukova EG. Modulated Expression of the Protein Kinase GSK3 in Motor and Dopaminergic Neurons Increases Female Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. Front Genet 2020; 11:668. [PMID: 32695143 PMCID: PMC7339944 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most eukaryotic genes express multiple transcripts and proteins, and a sophisticated gene expression strategy plays a crucial role in ensuring the cell-specificity of genetic information and the correctness of phenotypes. The Drosophila melanogaster gene shaggy encodes several isoforms of the conserved glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which is vitally important for multiple biological processes. To characterize the phenotypic effects of differential shaggy expression, we explored how the multidirectional modulation of the expression of the main GSK3 isoform, Shaggy-PB, in different tissues and cells affects lifespan. To this end, we used lines with transgenic constructs that encode mutant variants of the protein. The effect of shaggy misexpression on lifespan depended on the direction of the presumed change in GSK3 activity and the type of tissue/cell. The modulation of GSK3 activity in motor and dopaminergic neurons improved female lifespan but caused seemingly negative changes in the structural (mitochondrial depletion; neuronal loss) and functional (perturbed locomotion) properties of the nervous system, indicating the importance of analyzing the relationship between lifespan and healthspan in invertebrate models. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular and cellular bases of lifespan extension, demonstrating that the fine-tuning of transcript-specific shaggy expression in individual groups of neurons is sufficient to provide a sex-specific increase in survival and slow aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Trostnikov
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina R Veselkina
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V Krementsova
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Kinetics and Mechanisms of Enzymatic and Catalytic Reactions, N. M. Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan V Boldyrev
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Biodiversity, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Roshina
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Genetic Basis of Biodiversity, N. I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena G Pasyukova
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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18
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von Frieling J, Faisal MN, Sporn F, Pfefferkorn R, Nolte SS, Sommer F, Rosenstiel P, Roeder T. A high-fat diet induces a microbiota-dependent increase in stem cell activity in the Drosophila intestine. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008789. [PMID: 32453733 PMCID: PMC7274450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over-consumption of high-fat diets (HFDs) is associated with several pathologies. Although the intestine is the organ that comes into direct contact with all diet components, the impact of HFD has mostly been studied in organs that are linked to obesity and obesity related disorders. We used Drosophila as a simple model to disentangle the effects of a HFD on the intestinal structure and physiology from the plethora of other effects caused by this nutritional intervention. Here, we show that a HFD, composed of triglycerides with saturated fatty acids, triggers activation of intestinal stem cells in the Drosophila midgut. This stem cell activation was transient and dependent on the presence of an intestinal microbiota, as it was completely absent in germ free animals. Moreover, major components of the signal transduction pathway have been elucidated. Here, JNK (basket) in enterocytes was necessary to trigger synthesis of the cytokine upd3 in these cells. This ligand in turn activated the JAK/STAT pathway in intestinal stem cells. Chronic subjection to a HFD markedly altered both the microbiota composition and the bacterial load. Although HFD-induced stem cell activity was transient, long-lasting changes to the cellular composition, including a substantial increase in the number of enteroendocrine cells, were observed. Taken together, a HFD enhances stem cell activity in the Drosophila gut and this effect is completely reliant on the indigenous microbiota and also dependent on JNK signaling within intestinal enterocytes. High-fat diets have been associated with a plethora of morbidities. The major research focus has been on its effects on obesity related disorders, mostly omitting the intestine, although it is the organ that makes the first contact with all diet components. Here, we aimed to understand the effects of HFD on the intestine itself. Using Drosophila as a model, we showed that a HFD and more specifically, trigylcerides with saturated fatty acids, induced a transient activation of intestinal stem cells. This response completely depended on the presence of an intestinal microbiota, as in germ free flies this reaction was completely abolished. Mechanistically, we found that HFD induces JNK signaling in enterocytes, which triggers production of the cytokine upd3. This ligand of the JAK/STAT pathway, in turn activates STAT signaling in intestinal stem cells, leading to their activation. All these components of the JNK- and JAK/STAT-pathways are necessary for a HFD to lead to increased stem cell production. Moreover, HFD changed both, composition and abundance of the microbiota. As fecal transfer experiments failed to recapitulate the HFD phenotype, we assume that the increased bacterial load is the major cause for the HFD triggered stem cell activation in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Frieling
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Muhammed Naeem Faisal
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Femke Sporn
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roxana Pfefferkorn
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stella Solveig Nolte
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Roeder
- Zoological Institute, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research, Airway Research Center North, Kiel, Germany
- * E-mail:
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19
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Mating status affects Drosophila lifespan, metabolism and antioxidant system. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 246:110716. [PMID: 32339661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In Drosophila melanogaster, lifespan and fitness traits were investigated as a function of mating status. Four mating protocols were used: virgin males and females, males and females allowed to copulate only once; males and females that had multiple copulations with one partner over the 5-day mating period; and polygamous males and females that had multiple copulations with different partners over the 5-day mating period. Virgin females had the longest lifespan, and polygamous females had the shortest lifespan, potentially due to injuries, infections or exposure to toxic accessory gland products obtained from different males. Reduced lifespan was also observed in males mated to multiple females. Unexpectedly, mating decreased the amount of food eaten by flies. Mating to different partners decreased the amount of fat in both sexes. The number of eggs laid and their quality was increased in females mated to multiple males. Mating status influenced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (PX) activities, as well as the content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The mRNA levels of the insulin receptor (InR) gene were significantly increased in the polygamously mated female group compared to the virgin group. Levels of dTOR mRNA were lower in polygamous females. These results indicate that insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) and Drosophila target of rapamycin (dTOR) pathways can mediate the link between mating status and longevity in Drosophila.
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20
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Li Y, Romey-Glüsing R, Tahan Zadeh N, von Frieling J, Hoffmann J, Huebbe P, Bruchhaus I, Rimbach G, Fink C, Roeder T. Furbellow (Brown Algae) Extract Increases Lifespan in Drosophila by Interfering with TOR-Signaling. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1172. [PMID: 32331413 PMCID: PMC7230866 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal products are well known for their health promoting effects. Nonetheless, an in depth understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is still only fragmentary. Here, we show that aqueous furbelow extracts (brown algae, Saccorhiza polyschides) lengthen the life of both sexes of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster substantially, if used as nutritional additives to conventional food. This life prolonging effect became even more pronounced in the presence of stressors, such as high-fat dieting of living under drought conditions. Application of the extracts did not change food intake, excretion, or other major physiological parameters. Nevertheless, effects on the intestinal microbiota were observed, leading to an increased species richness, which is usually associated with healthy conditions. Lifespan extension was not observed in target of rapamycin (TOR)-deficient animals, implying that functional TOR signaling is necessary to unfold the positive effects of brown algae extract (BAE) on this important trait. The lack of life lengthening in animals with deregulated TOR signaling exclusively targeted to body fat showed that this major energy storage organ is instrumental for transmitting these effects. In addition, expression of Imaginal morphogenesis protein-Late 2 (Imp-L2), an effective inhibitor of insulin signaling implies that BAE exerts their positive effects through interaction with the tightly interwoven TOR- and insulin-signaling systems, although insulin levels were not directly affected by this intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Renja Romey-Glüsing
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Navid Tahan Zadeh
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Jakob von Frieling
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
| | - Patricia Huebbe
- Department of Food Sciences, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (P.H.); (G.R.)
| | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Department of Food Sciences, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany; (P.H.); (G.R.)
| | - Christine Fink
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, D-24098 Kiel, Germany; (Y.L.); (R.R.-G.); (N.T.Z.); (J.v.F.); (J.H.); (C.F.)
- DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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21
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Green CL, Mitchell SE, Derous D, Wang Y, Chen L, Han JDJ, Promislow DEL, Lusseau D, Douglas A, Speakman JR. The Effects of Graded Levels of Calorie Restriction: XIV. Global Metabolomics Screen Reveals Brown Adipose Tissue Changes in Amino Acids, Catecholamines, and Antioxidants After Short-Term Restriction in C57BL/6 Mice. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:218-229. [PMID: 31220223 PMCID: PMC7530471 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals undergoing calorie restriction (CR) often lower their body temperature to conserve energy. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is stimulated through norepinephrine when rapid heat production is needed, as it is highly metabolically active due to the uncoupling of the electron transport chain from ATP synthesis. To better understand how BAT metabolism changes with CR, we used metabolomics to identify 883 metabolites that were significantly differentially expressed in the BAT of C57BL/6 mice, fed graded CR (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% CR relative to their individual baseline intake), compared with mice fed ad libitum (AL) for 12 hours a day. Pathway analysis revealed that graded CR had an impact on the TCA cycle and fatty acid degradation. In addition, an increase in nucleic acids and catecholamine pathways was seen with graded CR in the BAT metabolome. We saw increases in antioxidants with CR, suggesting a beneficial effect of mitochondrial uncoupling. Importantly, the instigator of BAT activation, norepinephrine, was increased with CR, whereas its precursors l-tyrosine and dopamine were decreased, indicating a shift of metabolites through the activation pathway. Several of these key changes were correlated with food anticipatory activity and body temperature, indicating BAT activation may be driven by responses to hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Green
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Sharon E Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Davina Derous
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Pathology and Department of Biology, University of Washington at Seattle
| | - David Lusseau
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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22
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von Frieling J, Roeder T. Factors that affect the translation of dietary restriction into a longer life. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:814-824. [PMID: 31889425 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional interventions, such as dietary or calorie restriction, are known to have a variety of health-promoting effects. The most impressive are the direct effects on life expectancy, which have been reproduced in many animal models. A variety of dietary restriction protocols have been described, which differ either in their macronutrient composition or in the time window for consumption. Mechanistically, the effects of dietary restriction are mediated mainly through signaling pathways that have central roles in the maintenance of cellular energy balance. Among these, target of rapamycin and insulin signaling appear to be the most important. Such nutritional interventions can have their effects in two different ways: either by direct interaction with the metabolism of the host organism, or by modulating the composition and performance of its endogenous microbiome. Various dietary restriction regimens have been identified that significantly alter the microbiome and thus profoundly modulate host metabolism. This review aims to discuss the mechanisms by which dietary restriction can affect life expectancy, and in particular the role of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob von Frieling
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Physiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.,DZL, German Center for Lung Research, ARCN, Kiel, Germany
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23
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Johnson AA, Stolzing A. The role of lipid metabolism in aging, lifespan regulation, and age-related disease. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13048. [PMID: 31560163 PMCID: PMC6826135 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging body of data suggests that lipid metabolism has an important role to play in the aging process. Indeed, a plethora of dietary, pharmacological, genetic, and surgical lipid‐related interventions extend lifespan in nematodes, fruit flies, mice, and rats. For example, the impairment of genes involved in ceramide and sphingolipid synthesis extends lifespan in both worms and flies. The overexpression of fatty acid amide hydrolase or lysosomal lipase prolongs life in Caenorhabditis elegans, while the overexpression of diacylglycerol lipase enhances longevity in both C. elegans and Drosophila melanogaster. The surgical removal of adipose tissue extends lifespan in rats, and increased expression of apolipoprotein D enhances survival in both flies and mice. Mouse lifespan can be additionally extended by the genetic deletion of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, treatment with the steroid 17‐α‐estradiol, or a ketogenic diet. Moreover, deletion of the phospholipase A2 receptor improves various healthspan parameters in a progeria mouse model. Genome‐wide association studies have found several lipid‐related variants to be associated with human aging. For example, the epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles of apolipoprotein E are associated with extreme longevity and late‐onset neurodegenerative disease, respectively. In humans, blood triglyceride levels tend to increase, while blood lysophosphatidylcholine levels tend to decrease with age. Specific sphingolipid and phospholipid blood profiles have also been shown to change with age and are associated with exceptional human longevity. These data suggest that lipid‐related interventions may improve human healthspan and that blood lipids likely represent a rich source of human aging biomarkers.
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24
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Wen DT, Zheng L, Li JX, Cheng D, Liu Y, Lu K, Hou WQ. Endurance exercise resistance to lipotoxic cardiomyopathy is associated with cardiac NAD +/dSIR2/ PGC-1α pathway activation in old Drosophila. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio044719. [PMID: 31624074 PMCID: PMC6826281 DOI: 10.1242/bio.044719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxic cardiomyopathy is caused by excessive lipid accumulation in myocardial cells and it is a form of cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac PGC-1α overexpression prevents lipotoxic cardiomyopathy induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The level of NAD+ and Sir2 expression upregulate the transcriptional activity of PGC-1α. Exercise improves cardiac NAD+ level and PGC-1α activity. However, the relationship between exercise, NAD+/dSIR2/PGC-1α pathway and lipotoxic cardiomyopathy remains unknown. In this study, flies were fed a HFD and exercised. The heart dSir2 gene was specifically expressed or knocked down by UAS/hand-Gal4 system. The results showed that either a HFD or dSir2 knockdown remarkably increased cardiac TG level and d FAS expression, reduced heart fractional shortening and diastolic diameter, increased arrhythmia index, and decreased heart NAD+ level, dSIR2 protein, dSir2 and PGC-1α expression levels. Contrarily, either exercise or dSir2 overexpression remarkably reduced heart TG level, dFAS expression and arrhythmia index, and notably increased heart fractional shortening, diastolic diameter, NAD+ level, dSIR2 level, and heart dSir2 and PGC-1α expression. Therefore, we declared that exercise training could improve lipotoxic cardiomyopathy induced by a HFD or cardiac dSir2 knockdown in old Drosophila The NAD+/dSIR2/PGC-1α pathway activation was an important molecular mechanism of exercise resistance against lipotoxic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Tai Wen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Sports Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
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25
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Prange R, Thiedmann M, Bhandari A, Mishra N, Sinha A, Häsler R, Rosenstiel P, Uliczka K, Wagner C, Yildirim AÖ, Fink C, Roeder T. A Drosophila model of cigarette smoke induced COPD identifies Nrf2 signaling as an expedient target for intervention. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:2122-2135. [PMID: 30153653 PMCID: PMC6128429 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is among the most important causes of death. Signaling systems that are relevant for tissue repair and detoxification of reactive oxygen species or xenobiotics are thought to be impaired in lungs of patients suffering from this disease. Here, we developed a simple cigarette smoke induced Drosophila model of COPD based on chronic cigarette smoke exposure that recapitulates major pathological hallmarks of the disease and thus can be used to investigate new therapeutic strategies. Chronic cigarette smoke exposure led to premature death of the animals and induced a set of phenotypes reminiscent of those seen in COPD patients, including reduced physical activity, reduced body fat, increased metabolic rate and a substantial reduction of the respiratory surface. A detailed transcriptomic analysis revealed that especially the TGF-β, Nrf2 and the JAK/STAT signaling pathways are altered by chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Based on these results, we focused on Nrf2 signaling. A pharmacological intervention study performed with oltipraz, an activator of Nrf2 signaling, increased survival of cigarette smoke exposed animals significantly. Thus, the Drosophila COPD model recapitulates many major hallmarks of COPD and it is highly useful to evaluate the potential of alternative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Prange
- Kiel University, Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Thiedmann
- Kiel University, Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anita Bhandari
- Kiel University, Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel, Germany.,University zu Lübeck, Institute for Cardiogenetics, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Karin Uliczka
- Research Center Borstel, Invertebrate Models, Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,CPC-M, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Fink
- Kiel University, Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Kiel University, Zoology, Department of Molecular Physiology, Kiel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
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26
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Wen DT, Zheng L, Li JX, Lu K, Hou WQ. The activation of cardiac dSir2-related pathways mediates physical exercise resistance to heart aging in old Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7274-7293. [PMID: 31503544 PMCID: PMC6756900 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac aging is majorly characterized by increased diastolic dysfunction, lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and contractility debility. The Sir2/Sirt1 gene overexpression delays cell aging and reduces obesity and oxidative stress. Exercise improves heart function and delays heart aging. However, it remains unclear whether exercise delaying heart aging is related to cardiac Sir2/Sirt1-related pathways. In this study, cardiac dSir2 overexpression or knockdown was regulated using the UAS/hand-Gal4 system in Drosophila. Flies underwent exercise interventions from 4 weeks to 5 weeks old. Results showed that either cardiac dSir2 overexpression or exercise remarkably increased the cardiac period, systolic interval, diastolic interval, fractional shortening, SOD activity, dSIR2 protein, Foxo, dSir2, Nmnat, and bmm expression levels in the aging flies; they also notably reduced the cardiac triacylglycerol level, malonaldehyde level, and the diastolic dysfunction index. Either cardiac dSir2 knockdown or aging had almost opposite effects on the heart as those of cardiac dSir2 overexpression. Therefore, we claim that cardiac dSir2 overexpression or knockdown delayed or promoted heart aging by reducing or increasing age-related oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, diastolic dysfunction, and contractility debility. The activation of cardiac dSir2/Foxo/SOD and dSir2/Foxo/bmm pathways may be two important molecular mechanisms through which exercise works against heart aging in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Tai Wen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China.,Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shan Dong Province, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jin-Xiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hou
- Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shan Dong Province, China
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27
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Costa-Machado LF, Fernandez-Marcos PJ. The sirtuin family in cancer. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2164-2196. [PMID: 31251117 PMCID: PMC6738532 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1634953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are a family of protein deacylases and ADP-ribosyl-transferases, homologs to the yeast SIR2 protein. Seven sirtuin paralogs have been described in mammals, with different subcellular locations, targets, enzymatic activities, and regulatory mechanisms. All sirtuins share NAD+ as substrate, placing them as central metabolic hubs with strong relevance in lifespan, metabolism, and cancer development. Much effort has been devoted to studying the roles of sirtuins in cancer, providing a wealth of data on sirtuins roles in mouse models and humans. Also, extensive data are available on the effects of pharmacological modulation of sirtuins in cancer development. Here, we present a comprehensive and organized resume of all the existing evidence linking every sirtuin with cancer development. From our analysis, we conclude that sirtuin modulation after tumor initiation results in unpredictable outcomes in most tumor types. On the contrary, all genetic and pharmacological models indicate that sirtuins activation prior to tumor initiation can constitute a powerful preventive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Filipe Costa-Machado
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo J. Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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28
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Disordered Expression of shaggy, the Drosophila Gene Encoding a Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase GSK3, Affects the Lifespan in a Transcript-, Stage-, and Tissue-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092200. [PMID: 31060255 PMCID: PMC6540023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) is a conserved protein kinase governing numerous regulatory pathways. In Drosophila melanogaster, GSK3 is encoded by shaggy (sgg), which forms 17 annotated transcripts corresponding to 10 protein isoforms. Our goal was to demonstrate how differential sgg transcription affects lifespan, which GSK3 isoforms are important for the nervous system, and which changes in the nervous system accompany accelerated aging. Overexpression of three sgg transcripts affected the lifespan in a stage- and tissue-specific way: sgg-RA and sgg-RO affected the lifespan only when overexpressed in muscles and in embryos, respectively; the essential sgg-RB transcript affected lifespan when overexpressed in all tissues tested. In the nervous system, only sgg-RB overexpression affected lifespan, causing accelerated aging in a neuron-specific way, with the strongest effects in dopaminergic neurons and the weakest effects in GABAergic neurons. Pan-neuronal sgg-RB overexpression violated the properties of the nervous system, including the integrity of neuron bodies; the number, distribution, and structure of mitochondria; cytoskeletal characteristics; and synaptic activity. Such changes observed in young individuals indicated premature aging of their nervous system, which paralleled a decline in survival. Our findings demonstrated the key role of GSK3 in ensuring the link between the pathology of neurons and lifespan.
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29
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Fischer KE, Riddle NC. Sex Differences in Aging: Genomic Instability. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:166-174. [PMID: 28575157 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by decreasing physiological integration, reduced function, loss of resilience, and increased risk of death. Paradoxically, although women live longer, they suffer greater morbidity particularly late in life. These sex differences in human lifespan and healthspan are consistently observed in all countries and during every era for which reliable data exist. While these differences are ubiquitous in humans, evidence of sex differences in longevity and health for other species is more equivocal. Among fruit flies, nematodes, and mice, sex differences in lifespan vary depending on strain and treatment. In this review, we focus on sex differences in age-related alterations in DNA damage and mutation rates, telomere attrition, epigenetics, and nuclear architecture. We find that robust sex differences exist, eg, the higher incidence of DNA damage in men compared to women, but sex differences are not often conserved between species. For most mechanisms reviewed here, there are insufficient data to make a clear determination regarding the impact of sex, largely because sex differences have not been analyzed. Overall, our findings reveal an urgent need for well-designed studies that explicitly examine sex differences in molecular drivers of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole C Riddle
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham
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30
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Yaku K, Okabe K, Nakagawa T. NAD metabolism: Implications in aging and longevity. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 47:1-17. [PMID: 29883761 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important co-factor involved in numerous physiological processes, including metabolism, post-translational protein modification, and DNA repair. In living organisms, a careful balance between NAD production and degradation serves to regulate NAD levels. Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that NAD levels decrease with age, and the deterioration of NAD metabolism promotes several aging-associated diseases, including metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases and various cancers. Conversely, the upregulation of NAD metabolism, including dietary supplementation with NAD precursors, has been shown to prevent the decline of NAD and exhibits beneficial effects against aging and aging-associated diseases. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that genetic and/or nutritional activation of NAD metabolism can extend the lifespan of diverse organisms. Collectively, it is clear that NAD metabolism plays important roles in aging and longevity. In this review, we summarize the basic functions of the enzymes involved in NAD synthesis and degradation, as well as the outcomes of their dysregulation in various aging processes. In addition, a particular focus is given on the role of NAD metabolism in the longevity of various organisms, with a discussion of the remaining obstacles in this research field.
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31
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Drosophila larvae fed palm fruit juice (PFJ) delay pupation via expression regulation of hormetic stress response genes linked to ageing and longevity. Exp Gerontol 2018; 106:198-221. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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32
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Staats S, Lüersen K, Wagner AE, Rimbach G. Drosophila melanogaster as a Versatile Model Organism in Food and Nutrition Research. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3737-3753. [PMID: 29619822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has been widely used in the biological sciences as a model organism. Drosophila has a relatively short life span of 60-80 days, which makes it attractive for life span studies. Moreover, approximately 60% of the fruit fly genes are orthologs to mammals. Thus, metabolic and signal transduction pathways are highly conserved. Maintenance and reproduction of Drosophila do not require sophisticated equipment and are rather cheap. Furthermore, there are fewer ethical issues involved in experimental Drosophila research compared with studies in laboratory rodents, such as rats and mice. Drosophila is increasingly recognized as a model organism in food and nutrition research. Drosophila is often fed complex solid diets based on yeast, corn, and agar. There are also so-called holidic diets available that are defined in terms of their amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, and trace element compositions. Feed intake, body composition, locomotor activity, intestinal barrier function, microbiota, cognition, fertility, aging, and life span can be systematically determined in Drosophila in response to dietary factors. Furthermore, diet-induced pathophysiological mechanisms including inflammation and stress responses may be evaluated in the fly under defined experimental conditions. Here, we critically evaluate Drosophila melanogaster as a versatile model organism in experimental food and nutrition research, review the corresponding data in the literature, and make suggestions for future directions of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Kai Lüersen
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine , University of Lübeck , Ratzeburger Allee 160 , D-23538 Lübeck , Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science , University of Kiel , Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6 , D-24118 Kiel , Germany
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33
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Impaired Wnt signaling in dopamine containing neurons is associated with pathogenesis in a rotenone triggered Drosophila Parkinson's disease model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2372. [PMID: 29403026 PMCID: PMC5799194 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20836-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease, which is the one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, is characterized by a progressive loss of dopamine containing neurons. The mechanisms underlying disease initiation and development are not well understood and causative therapies are currently not available. To elucidate the molecular processes during early stages of Parkinson’s disease, we utilized a Drosophila model. To induce Parkinson’s disease-like phenotypes, we treated flies with the pesticide rotenone and isolated dopamine producing neurons of animals that were at an early disease stage. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that gene ontologies associated with regulation of cell death and neuronal functions were significantly enriched. Moreover, the activities of the MAPK/EGFR- and TGF-β signaling pathways were enhanced, while the Wnt pathway was dampened. In order to evaluate the role of Wnt signaling for survival of dopaminergic neurons in the disease model, we rescued the reduced Wnt signaling activity by ectopic overexpression of armadillo/β-catenin. This intervention rescued the rotenone induced movement impairments in the Drosophila model. Taken together, this initial study showed a highly relevant role of Wnt signaling for dopamine producing neurons during pathogenesis in Parkinson’s disease and it implies that interfering with this pathway might by a suitable therapeutic option for the future.
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34
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Wen DT, Zheng L, Yang F, Li HZ, Hou WQ. Endurance exercise prevents high-fat-diet induced heart and mobility premature aging and dsir2 expression decline in aging Drosophila. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7298-7311. [PMID: 29484111 PMCID: PMC5800903 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-Fat-Diet (HFD)-induced obesity is a major contributor to heart and mobility premature aging and mortality in both Drosophila and humans. The dSir2 genes are closely related to aging, but there are few directed reports showing that whether HFD could inhibit the expression dSir2 genes. Endurance exercise can prevent fat accumulation and reverse HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction. Endurance also delays age-relate functional decline. It is unclear whether lifetime endurance exercise can combat lifetime HFD-induced heart and mobility premature aging, and relieve the harmful HFD-induced influence on the dSir2 gene and lifespan yet. In this study, flies are fed a HFD and trained from when they are 1 week old until they are 5 weeks old. Then, triacylglycerol levels, climbing index, cardiac function, lifespan, and dSir2 mRNA expressions are measured. We show that endurance exercise improves climbing capacity, cardiac contraction, and dSir2 expression, and it reduces body and heart triacylglycerol levels, heart fibrillation, and mortality in both HFD and aging flies. So, lifelong endurance exercise delays HFD-induced accelerated age-related locomotor impairment, cardiac dysfunction, death, and dSir2 expression decline, and prevents HFD-induced premature aging in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Tai Wen
- Key Laboratory Of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory Of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Han-Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory Of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410012, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hou
- Key Laboratory Of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha, 410012, Hunan Province, China
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35
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Staats S, Wagner AE, Kowalewski B, Rieck FT, Soukup ST, Kulling SE, Rimbach G. Dietary Resveratrol Does Not Affect Life Span, Body Composition, Stress Response, and Longevity-Related Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19010223. [PMID: 29324667 PMCID: PMC5796172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the effect of the stilbene resveratrol on life span, body composition, locomotor activity, stress response, and the expression of genes encoding proteins centrally involved in ageing pathways in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster. Male and female w1118 D. melanogaster were fed diets based on sucrose, corn meal, and yeast. Flies either received a control diet or a diet supplemented with 500 µmol/L resveratrol. Dietary resveratrol did not affect mean, median, and maximal life span of male and female flies. Furthermore, body composition remained largely unchanged following the resveratrol supplementation. Locomotor activity, as determined by the climbing index, was not significantly different between control and resveratrol-supplemented flies. Resveratrol-fed flies did not exhibit an improved stress response towards hydrogen peroxide as compared to controls. Resveratrol did not change mRNA steady levels of antioxidant (catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, NADH dehydrogenase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase 2) and longevity-related genes, including sirtuin 2, spargel, and I'm Not Dead Yet. Collectively, present data suggest that resveratrol does not affect life span, body composition, locomotor activity, stress response, and longevity-associated gene expression in w1118 D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Staats
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Bianca Kowalewski
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Florian T Rieck
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institute, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sebastian T Soukup
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institute, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Sabine E Kulling
- Department of Safety and Quality of Fruit and Vegetables, Max Rubner Institute, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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36
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Romey-Glüsing R, Li Y, Hoffmann J, von Frieling J, Knop M, Pfefferkorn R, Bruchhaus I, Fink C, Roeder T. Nutritional regimens with periodically recurring phases of dietary restriction extend lifespan in Drosophila. FASEB J 2018; 32:1993-2003. [PMID: 29196499 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700934r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional interventions such as caloric and dietary restriction increase lifespan in various animal models. To identify alternative and less demanding nutritional interventions that extend lifespan, we subjected fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster) to weekly nutritional regimens that involved alternating a conventional diet with dietary restriction. Short periods of dietary restriction (up to 2 d) followed by longer periods of a conventional diet yielded minimal increases in lifespan. We found that 3 or more days of contiguous dietary restriction (DR) was necessary to yield a lifespan extension similar to that observed with persistent DR. Female flies were more responsive to these interventions than males. Physiologic changes known to be associated with prolonged DR, such as reduced metabolic rates, showed the same time course as lifespan extension. Moreover, concurrent transcriptional changes indicative of reduced insulin signaling were identified with DR. These physiologic and transcriptional changes were sustained, as they were detectable several days after switching to conventional diets. Taken together, diets with longer periods of DR extended lifespan concurrently with physiologic and transcriptional changes that may underlie this increase in lifespan.-Romey-Glüsing, R., Li, Y., Hoffmann, J., von Frieling, J., Knop, M., Pfefferkorn, R., Bruchhaus, I., Fink, C., Roeder, T. Nutritional regimens with periodically recurring phases of dietary restriction extend lifespan in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renja Romey-Glüsing
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakob von Frieling
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mirjam Knop
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Roxana Pfefferkorn
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Fink
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Grosshansdorf, Germany
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37
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HDAC inhibitors: A new promising drug class in anti-aging research. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 166:6-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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38
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Li Y, Tiedemann L, von Frieling J, Nolte S, El-Kholy S, Stephano F, Gelhaus C, Bruchhaus I, Fink C, Roeder T. The Role of Monoaminergic Neurotransmission for Metabolic Control in the Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster. Front Syst Neurosci 2017; 11:60. [PMID: 28878633 PMCID: PMC5572263 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2017.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones control various metabolic traits comprising fat deposition or starvation resistance. Here we show that two invertebrate neurohormones, octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) as well as their associated receptors, had a major impact on these metabolic traits. Animals devoid of the monoamine OA develop a severe obesity phenotype. Using flies defective in the expression of receptors for OA and TA, we aimed to decipher the contributions of single receptors for these metabolic phenotypes. Whereas those animals impaired in octß1r, octß2r and tar1 share the obesity phenotype of OA-deficient (tβh-deficient) animals, the octß1r, octß2r deficient flies showed reduced insulin release, which is opposed to the situation found in tβh-deficient animals. On the other hand, OAMB deficient flies were leaner than controls, implying that the regulation of this phenotype is more complex than anticipated. Other phenotypes seen in tβh-deficient animals, such as the reduced ability to perform complex movements tasks can mainly be attributed to the octß2r. Tissue-specific RNAi experiments revealed a very complex interorgan communication leading to the different metabolic phenotypes observed in OA or OA and TA-deficient flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Kiel UniversityKiel, Germany
| | - Lasse Tiedemann
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Kiel UniversityKiel, Germany
| | - Jakob von Frieling
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Kiel UniversityKiel, Germany
| | - Stella Nolte
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Kiel UniversityKiel, Germany
| | - Samar El-Kholy
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Kiel UniversityKiel, Germany
| | - Flora Stephano
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Kiel UniversityKiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Gelhaus
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Kiel UniversityKiel, Germany
| | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical MedicineHamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Fink
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Kiel UniversityKiel, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN)Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Zoology, Kiel UniversityKiel, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Airway Research Center North (ARCN)Kiel, Germany
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39
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Deota S, Shukla N, Kolthur-Seetharam U. Spatio-Temporal Control of Cellular and Organismal Physiology by Sirtuins. J Indian Inst Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-016-0018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Woods JK, Rogina B. The effects of Rpd3 on fly metabolism, health, and longevity. Exp Gerontol 2016; 86:124-128. [PMID: 26927903 PMCID: PMC5002259 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of DNA structure and function is essential for changes in gene expression involved in development, growth, and maintenance of cellular function. Epigenetic changes include histone modifications such as methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins have a major role in epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure. HDACs are enzymes that catalyze the removal of acetyl groups from lysine residues within histones, as well as a range of other proteins including transcriptional factors. HDACs are highly conserved proteins divided into two families and based on sequence similarity in four classes. Here we will discuss the roles of Rpd3 in physiology and longevity with emphasis on its role in flies. Rpd3, the Drosophila HDAC1 homolog, is a class I lysine deacetylase and a member of a large family of HDAC proteins. Rpd3 has multiple functions including control of proliferation, development, metabolism, and aging. Pharmacological and dietary HDAC inhibitors have been used as therapeutics in psychiatry, cancer, and neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared K Woods
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA; Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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41
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Li Y, Hoffmann J, Li Y, Stephano F, Bruchhaus I, Fink C, Roeder T. Octopamine controls starvation resistance, life span and metabolic traits in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35359. [PMID: 27759117 PMCID: PMC5069482 DOI: 10.1038/srep35359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoamines octopamine (OA) and tyramine (TA) modulate numerous behaviours and physiological processes in invertebrates. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether these invertebrate counterparts of norepinephrine are important regulators of metabolic and life history traits. We show that flies (Drosophila melanogaster) lacking OA are more resistant to starvation, while their overall life span is substantially reduced compared with control flies. In addition, these animals have increased body fat deposits, reduced physical activity and a reduced metabolic resting rate. Increasing the release of OA from internal stores induced the opposite effects. Flies devoid of both OA and TA had normal body fat and metabolic rates, suggesting that OA and TA act antagonistically. Moreover, OA-deficient flies show increased insulin release rates. We inferred that the OA-mediated control of insulin release accounts for a substantial proportion of the alterations observed in these flies. Apparently, OA levels control the balance between thrifty and expenditure metabolic modes. Thus, changes in OA levels in response to external and internal signals orchestrate behaviour and metabolic processes to meet physiological needs. Moreover, chronic deregulation of the corresponding signalling systems in humans may be associated with metabolic disorders, such as obesity or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Zoology, Molecular Physiology, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Hoffmann
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Zoology, Molecular Physiology, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yang Li
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Zoology, Molecular Physiology, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Flora Stephano
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Zoology, Molecular Physiology, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Iris Bruchhaus
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Fink
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Zoology, Molecular Physiology, 24098 Kiel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Zoology, Molecular Physiology, 24098 Kiel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
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42
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Chromatin-modifying genetic interventions suppress age-associated transposable element activation and extend life span in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:11277-11282. [PMID: 27621458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604621113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements, highly enriched in heterochromatin, that constitute a large percentage of the DNA content of eukaryotic genomes. Aging in Drosophila melanogaster is characterized by loss of repressive heterochromatin structure and loss of silencing of reporter genes in constitutive heterochromatin regions. Using next-generation sequencing, we found that transcripts of many genes native to heterochromatic regions and TEs increased with age in fly heads and fat bodies. A dietary restriction regimen, known to extend life span, repressed the age-related increased expression of genes located in heterochromatin, as well as TEs. We also observed a corresponding age-associated increase in TE transposition in fly fat body cells that was delayed by dietary restriction. Furthermore, we found that manipulating genes known to affect heterochromatin structure, including overexpression of Sir2, Su(var)3-9, and Dicer-2, as well as decreased expression of Adar, mitigated age-related increases in expression of TEs. Increasing expression of either Su(var)3-9 or Dicer-2 also led to an increase in life span. Mutation of Dicer-2 led to an increase in DNA double-strand breaks. Treatment with the reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3TC resulted in decreased TE transposition as well as increased life span in TE-sensitized Dicer-2 mutants. Together, these data support the retrotransposon theory of aging, which hypothesizes that epigenetically silenced TEs become deleteriously activated as cellular defense and surveillance mechanisms break down with age. Furthermore, interventions that maintain repressive heterochromatin and preserve TE silencing may prove key to preventing damage caused by TE activation and extending healthy life span.
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43
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Bonkowski MS, Sinclair DA. Slowing ageing by design: the rise of NAD + and sirtuin-activating compounds. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2016; 17:679-690. [PMID: 27552971 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 535] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacylases with remarkable abilities to prevent diseases and even reverse aspects of ageing. Mice engineered to express additional copies of SIRT1 or SIRT6, or treated with sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs) such as resveratrol and SRT2104 or with NAD+ precursors, have improved organ function, physical endurance, disease resistance and longevity. Trials in non-human primates and in humans have indicated that STACs may be safe and effective in treating inflammatory and metabolic disorders, among others. These advances have demonstrated that it is possible to rationally design molecules that can alleviate multiple diseases and possibly extend lifespan in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Bonkowski
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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44
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Bindu S, Pillai VB, Gupta MP. Role of Sirtuins in Regulating Pathophysiology of the Heart. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:563-573. [PMID: 27210897 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are expanding at an alarming rate and people's propensity to develop them increases with age. Growing evidence indicates that sirtuins play a pivotal role in regulating a multitude of age-related diseases. Sirtuins are versatile molecules conserved from archaea to mammals. They are regulated by various metabolic and environmental stimuli. Seven sirtuin homologs (SIRT1-7) are present in mammals, with diverse cellular locations. Recent studies have delineated roles of sirtuins in regulating cardiac pathophysiological conditions under various stressors. SIRT1 is the most extensively studied sirtuin, while the role of other sirtuins in maintaining cardiac growth and function is still emerging. In this review we discuss the present understanding of the role of sirtuins in regulating pathophysiological conditions of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samik Bindu
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Basic Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vinodkumar B Pillai
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Basic Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahesh P Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Committee on Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Basic Science Division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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45
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Wen DT, Zheng L, Ni L, Wang H, Feng Y, Zhang M. The expression of CG9940 affects the adaptation of cardiac function, mobility, and lifespan to exercise in aging Drosophila. Exp Gerontol 2016; 83:6-14. [PMID: 27448710 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The CG9940 gene, which encodes the NAD(+) synthase protein in Drosophila, is conserved in human, zebra fish, and mosquito. NAD(+) synthase is a homodimer, which catalyzes the final step in de novo nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) biosynthesis, an amide transfer from either ammonia or glutamine to nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD). Both the CG9940 and exercise are closely relative to NAD(+) level, and NAD(+) plays important roles not only in energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions but also in aging. In our study, the expression of CG9940 was changed by UAS/GAL4 system in Drosophila. Flies were trained by a training device. Cardiac function was analyzed by M-mode traces, climbing index was measured through negative geotaxis assay, and lifespan was measured via lifespan assays. The important new findings from our present study included the following: (1) the expression of the CG9940 could affect cardiac function, mobility, and lifespan in Drosophila. Over-expression of the CG9940 gene had positive effects on Drosophila, such as enhanced aging cardiac output, reduced heart failure, delayed age-related mobility decline, and prolonged lifespan, but lower-expression of the CG9940 had negative effects on them. (2) Different expressions of the CG9940 resulted in different influences on the adaptation of cardiac function, mobility, and lifespan to exercise in aging Drosophila. Both normal-expression and over-expression of the CG9940 resulted in positive influences on the adaptation of cardiac functions, mobility, and lifespan to exercise in aging Drosophila such as exercise slowed age-related decline of cardiac function, mobility and extent of lifespan in these flies, while lower-expression of the CG9940 led to negative impacts on the adaptation of mobility and lifespan to exercise in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Tai Wen
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410012, Hunan, China.
| | - Liu Ni
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410012, Hunan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Chang Sha 410012, Hunan, China
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46
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Simó-Mirabet P, Bermejo-Nogales A, Calduch-Giner JA, Pérez-Sánchez J. Tissue-specific gene expression and fasting regulation of sirtuin family in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). J Comp Physiol B 2016; 187:153-163. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-1014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Slade JD, Staveley BE. Extended longevity and survivorship during amino-acid starvation in a Drosophila Sir2 mutant heterozygote. Genome 2016; 59:311-8. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of energy homeostasis is pivotal to survive periods of inadequate nutrition. A combination of intricate pathways and proteins are responsible for maximizing longevity during such conditions. The sirtuin deacetylase Sir2 is well conserved from single-celled yeast to mammals, and it controls a number of downstream targets that are active during periods of extreme stress. Overexpression of Sir2 has been established to enhance survival of a number of model organisms undergoing calorie restriction, during which insulin receptor signalling (IRS) is reduced, a condition that itself can enhance survivorship during starvation. Increased Sir2 expression and reduced IRS result in an increase in the activity of the transcription factor foxo, an advantageous activation during stress but lethal when overly active. We have found that a lowered gene dosage of Sir2, in mutant heterozygotes, can extend normal longevity and greatly augment survivorship during amino-acid starvation in Drosophila. Additionally, these mutants, in either heterozygous or homozygous form, do not appear to have any disadvantageous effects upon development or cell growth of the organism unlike IRS mutants. These results may advance the understanding of the biological response to starvation and allow for the development of a model organism to mimic the ability of individuals to tolerate nutrient deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Slade
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Brian E. Staveley
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 232 Elizabeth Avenue, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
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Yasukawa T, Nakahara Y, Hirai J, Inoue YH. Drosophila Ogg1 is required to suppress 8-oxo-guanine accumulation following oxidative stress. Genes Genet Syst 2016; 90:11-20. [PMID: 26119662 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.90.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during energy production processes are a major cause of oxidative DNA damage. A DNA glycosylase encoded by the Ogg1 gene removes oxidized guanine bases and is widely conserved. However, the biological role of the gene in individual organisms has not yet been characterized in Drosophila, which is a suitable model to study the influence of oxidative damage on senescence. Here, we performed a genetic analysis to confirm that Ogg1 plays an essential role in the removal of 8-oxo-guanines from nuclei. We first confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR that Ogg1 mRNA expression was reduced by 30-55% in Ogg1 mutants and in flies expressing inducible Ogg1 dsRNA compared to control flies. We then showed that additional accumulation of 8-oxo-guanines occurred in the nuclei of epithelial midgut cells after paraquat feeding in flies with downregulated Ogg1 expression. We confirmed that a transposon possessing the UAS sequence was integrated in the 5'-UTR of the Ogg1 alleles and that it is oriented in the same transcriptional direction as the gene. Using the Gal4/UAS system, which enables us to induce ectopic expression in Drosophila, we induced overexpression of Ogg1 by 40-fold. We observed a lower amount of 8-oxo-guanine in the midgut epithelial cells of adults overexpressing Ogg1. These genetic data strongly suggest that the Drosophila Ogg1 ortholog CG1795 plays an essential role in the suppression of 8-oxo-guanines, consistent with its role in other organisms. Although adult flies with reduced Ogg1 expression failed to show elevated sensitivity to paraquat, those with Ogg1 overexpression showed resistance to oxidative stress by paraquat feeding and had a significantly longer lifespan in normal feeding conditions. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative DNA damage by ROS accumulation is a major contributor to senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yasukawa
- Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology
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Abstract
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in grapes, berries, and medicinal plants, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and has been proposed to be a longevity-prolonging agent. There is also growing evidence that resveratrol has cardioprotective properties and beneficial effects on both glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, several studies have examined the use of resveratrol as a therapeutic agent to treat numerous pathological and metabolic disorders. Herein, we present insights into the mechanisms of action, biological effects, and current evidence of actions of resveratrol on the ovary. In vitro, resveratrol inhibits proliferation and androgen production by theca-interstitial cells. Resveratrol also exerts a cytostatic, but not cytotoxic, effect on granulosa cells, while decreasing aromatization and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. In vivo, resveratrol treatment reduced the size of adipocytes and improved estrus cyclicity in the previously acyclic rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In addition, resveratrol increased the ovarian follicular reserve and prolonged the ovarian life span in rats. Taken together, resveratrol emerges as a potential therapeutic agent to treat conditions associated with androgen excess, such as PCOS. The efficacy of resveratrol in the treatment of gynecological conditions requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoni J Duleba
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California
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50
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Epigenetic mechanisms of dietary restriction induced aging in Drosophila. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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