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Escobar KA, VanDusseldorp TA, Johnson KE, Stratton M, McCormick JJ, Moriarity T, Dokladny K, Vaughan RA, Kerksick CM, Kravitz L, Mermier CM. The biphasic activity of autophagy and heat shock protein response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following acute resistance exercise in resistance-trained males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05503-5. [PMID: 38771358 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Autophagy and heat shock protein (HSP) response are proteostatic systems involved in the acute and adaptive responses to exercise. These systems may upregulate sequentially following cellular stress including acute exercise, however, currently few data exist in humans. This study investigated the autophagic and HSP responses to acute intense lower body resistance exercise in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with and without branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation. METHODS Twenty resistance-trained males (22.3 ± 1.5 yr; 175.4 ± .7 cm; 86.4 ± 15.6 kg) performed a bout of intense lower body resistance exercise and markers of autophagy and HSP70 were measured immediately post- (IPE) and 2, 4, 24, 48, and 72 h post-exercise. Prior to resistance exercise, 10 subjects were randomly assigned to BCAA supplementation of 0.22 g/kg/d for 5 days pre-exercise and up to 72 h following exercise while the other 10 subjects consumed a placebo (PLCB). RESULTS There were no difference in autophagy markers or HSP70 expression between BCAA and PLCB groups. LC3II protein expression was significantly lower 2 and 4 h post-exercise compared to pre-exercise. LC3II: I ratio was not different at any time point compared to pre-exercise. Protein expression of p62 was lower IPE, 2, and 4 h post-exercise and elevated 24 h post-exercise. HSP70 expression was elevated 48 and 72 h post-exercise. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy and HSP70 are upregulated in PBMCs following intense resistance exercise with autophagy increasing initially post-exercise and HSP response in the latter period. Moreover, BCAA supplementation did not affect this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Escobar
- Physiology of Sport and Exercise Lab, Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.
| | - Trisha A VanDusseldorp
- Bonafide Health, LLC p/b JDS Therapeutics, Harrison, NY, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Jacksonville University, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Kelly E Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
| | - Matthew Stratton
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - James J McCormick
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Terence Moriarity
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, USA
| | - Karol Dokladny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, Congdon School of Health Sciences, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Chad M Kerksick
- Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology, and Health, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, MO, USA
| | - Len Kravitz
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Christine M Mermier
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Sport Science, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martinez O, de Leon-Oliva D, Boaru DL, Lopez-Gonzalez L, García-Montero C, Alvarez-Mon MA, Guijarro LG, Torres-Carranza D, Saez MA, Diaz-Pedrero R, Albillos A, Alvarez-Mon M. Autophagy in Its (Proper) Context: Molecular Basis, Biological Relevance, Pharmacological Modulation, and Lifestyle Medicine. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2532-2554. [PMID: 38725847 PMCID: PMC11077378 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.95122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to various stress conditions by the degradation of intracellular components. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of autophagy's cellular and molecular basis, biological significance, pharmacological modulation, and its relevance in lifestyle medicine. We delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern autophagy, including macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Moreover, we highlight the biological significance of autophagy in aging, immunity, metabolism, apoptosis, tissue differentiation and systemic diseases, such as neurodegenerative or cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss the latest advancements in pharmacological modulation of autophagy and their potential implications in clinical settings. Finally, we explore the intimate connection between lifestyle factors and autophagy, emphasizing how nutrition, exercise, sleep patterns and environmental factors can significantly impact the autophagic process. The integration of lifestyle medicine into autophagy research opens new avenues for promoting health and longevity through personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego de Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Gonzalez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Diego Torres-Carranza
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Agustin Albillos
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
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Huang YC, Hsu CC, Fu TC, Wang JS. Interval aerobic/resistance exercise training depresses adrenergic-induced apoptosis of lymphocytes in sedentary males. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:837-848. [PMID: 37712975 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenergic stimulation affects lymphocyte autophagy and apoptosis by activating β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK-2) downstream signaling. This study investigated how combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on the interval or continuous pattern influences aerobic/muscular fitness and β1-AR/GRK-2 signaling, and corresponding apoptosis/autophagy of lymphocytes in sedentary males. METHODS Thirty-four sedentary males were randomized into interval training (IT, age = 22.5 ± 0.6 years, fitness level = 47.5 ± 0.9 mL/min/kg, body mass index (BMI) = 22.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2, n = 17) and continuous training (CT, age = 21.6 ± 0.4 years, fitness level = 45.2 ± 1.0 mL/min/kg, BMI = 22.2 ± 0.3 kg/m2, n = 17) groups. These subjects performed IT (bicycle exercise at alternating 40% and 80%VO2 reserve (VO2R) and isokinetic exercise at alternating 60°/s and 180°/s) or CT (bicycle exercise at continuously 60%VO2R and isokinetic exercise at continuously 120°/s) for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Aerobic capacity and muscular strength/endurance were determined by the graded exercise test (GXT) and isokinetic strength test, respectively. Blood lymphocyte autophagy/apoptosis and β1-AR/GRK-2 signaling were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Both IT and CT groups increased isokinetic strengths at various angular velocities, whereas only IT significantly enhanced muscle endurance, indicated by lowered fatigue index from 47.0 ± 1.3% to 41.8 ± 1.6% (P < 0.05). Moreover, the IT group (143 ± 7%) revealed a higher improvement in VO2peak than CT group (132 ± 6%) (P < 0.05). Acute GXT augmented (i) GRK-2 and protein kinase A expressions, (ii) LAMP-2 upregulation and acridine orange staining, (iii) mitochondrial transmembrane potential diminishing, caspase-3 activation, and phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure caused by epinephrine in blood lymphocytes. However, the degree of epinephrine-induced lymphocyte PS exposure potentiated by GXT was suppressed from 65.2 ± 5.2% to 47.4 ± 6.5% following 6 weeks of the IT (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The IT may be considered more beneficial than CT in terms of improving aerobic/muscular fitness and simultaneously ameliorating apoptosis of blood lymphocyte evoked by intense exercise or adrenergic stimulation in sedentary males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Huang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chin Hsu
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tieh-Cheng Fu
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shyan Wang
- Heart Failure Center, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Medical College, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1St Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, 333, Taiwan.
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Noorbakhsh S, Roshan VD. Influence of 8 Weeks of Tabata High-Intensity Interval Training and Nanocurcumin Supplementation on Inflammation and Cardiorespiratory Health among Overweight Elderly Women. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2023; 28:224-234. [PMID: 37842247 PMCID: PMC10567597 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanocurcumin (NaC) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) play crucial role in weight and inflammation control. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the separate and combined effects of 8 weeks of Tabata-HIIT and NaC supplementation on the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, long non-coding RNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (lncRNA MIAT) expression, body composition, and cardiorespiratory health in elderly overweight women. A total of 48 healthy overweight elderly women were randomly divided into four groups: NaC, Tabata-HIIT+Pla, Tabata-HIIT+NaC, and placebo. Participants underwent a Tabata HIIT program (2 days per week, at 80∼0% of maximal HR) and NaC supplementation (daily 80 mg in two 40 mg capsules) for 8 weeks. Blood sampling, cardiorespiratory hemodynamic responses, and body composition evaluations were obtained before and after treadmill stress testing at the baseline timepoint and following 8 weeks of intervention. The mRNA of lncRNA-MIAT and NLRP3 were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. After 8 weeks, a significant improvement was observed in body composition and cardiorespiratory hemodynamics in the Tabata-HIIT groups compared to the NaC alone and placebo groups (P<0.05). Tabata training, both with and without the addition of nano curcumin supplementation, did not result significant effect on the resting levels of lncRNA-MIAT expression (P>0.05). Nevertheless, NaC supplementation along with Tabata training led to a significant reduction in NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, NaC supplementation in overweight/preobese women improved systemic inflammation during treadmill stress testing. These findings indicating the suppressive effects of non-pharmacologic interventions on the sympathetic system and downregulation of the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Noorbakhsh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 416, Iran
| | - Valiollah Dabidi Roshan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 416, Iran
- Athletic Performance and Health Research Center, Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar 416, Iran
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Golpasandi H, Rahimi MR, Ahmadi S, Łubkowska B, Cięszczyk P. Effects of Vitamin D3 Supplementation and Aerobic Training on Autophagy Signaling Proteins in a Rat Model Type 2 Diabetes Induced by High-Fat Diet and Streptozotocin. Nutrients 2023; 15:4024. [PMID: 37764807 PMCID: PMC10535215 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of vitamin D3 supplementation and aerobic training on regulating the autophagy process in rats with type 2 diabetic induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. A total of 40 Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic + aerobic training (DAT), diabetic + vitamin D3 (DVD), and diabetic + aerobic training + vitamin D3 (DVDAT). The rats underwent eight weeks of aerobic training with an intensity of 60% maximum running speed for one hour, along with weekly subcutaneous injections of 10,000 units of vitamin D3. The protein levels of different autophagy markers were assessed in the left ventricular heart tissue. The results showed that the protein levels of AMPK, pAMPK, mTOR, and pmTOR were significantly lower in the DC group compared to the NC group. Conversely, the levels of ULK, Beclin-1, LC3II, Fyco, and Cathepsin D proteins were significantly higher in the DC group. However, the interventions of aerobic training and vitamin D3 supplementation, either individually or in combination, led to increased levels of AMPK, pAMPK, mTOR, and pmTOR, and decreased levels of ULK, Beclin-1, LC3II, Fyco, and Cathepsin D (p < 0.05). Additionally, the aerobic capacity in the DAT and DVDAT groups was significantly higher compared to the NC, DC, and DVD groups (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that type 2 diabetes is associated with excessive autophagy in the left ventricle. However, after eight weeks of vitamin D3 supplementation and aerobic training, a significant reduction in excessive autophagy was observed in rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Golpasandi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177-15175, Iran;
| | | | - Slahadin Ahmadi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 66186-34683, Iran;
| | - Beata Łubkowska
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (B.Ł.); (P.C.)
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gorskiego 1, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (B.Ł.); (P.C.)
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Nițulescu IM, Ciulei G, Cozma A, Procopciuc LM, Orășan OH. From Innate Immunity to Metabolic Disorder: A Review of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6022. [PMID: 37762961 PMCID: PMC10531881 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome is pivotal in the pathophysiology and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM), encompassing both type 1 (T1D), or type 2 (T2D). As part of the innate immune system, NLRP3 is also responsible for the chronic inflammation triggered by hyperglycemia. In both conditions, NLRP3 facilitates the release of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. For T1D, NLRP3 perpetuates the autoimmune cascade, leading to the destruction of pancreatic islet cells. In T2D, its activation is associated with the presence of insulin resistance. NLRP3 activation is also instrumental for the presence of numerous complications associated with DM, microvascular and macrovascular. A considerable number of anti-diabetic drugs have demonstrated the ability to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Maria Nițulescu
- Department 4 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.M.N.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - George Ciulei
- Department 4 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.M.N.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Angela Cozma
- Department 4 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.M.N.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
| | - Lucia Maria Procopciuc
- Department 2 of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Olga Hilda Orășan
- Department 4 of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.M.N.); (A.C.); (O.H.O.)
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Liu B, Meng Q, Gao X, Sun H, Xu Z, Wang Y, Zhou H. Lipid and glucose metabolism in senescence. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1157352. [PMID: 37680899 PMCID: PMC10481967 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1157352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is an inevitable biological process. Disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism are essential features of cellular senescence. Given the important roles of these types of metabolism, we review the evidence for how key metabolic enzymes influence senescence and how senescence-related secretory phenotypes, autophagy, apoptosis, insulin signaling pathways, and environmental factors modulate glucose and lipid homeostasis. We also discuss the metabolic alterations in abnormal senescence diseases and anti-cancer therapies that target senescence through metabolic interventions. Our work offers insights for developing pharmacological strategies to combat senescence and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qingfei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology II, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Piotrowska K, Zgutka K, Tkacz M, Tarnowski M. Physical Activity as a Modern Intervention in the Fight against Obesity-Related Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Gestational Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1488. [PMID: 37627482 PMCID: PMC10451679 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the greatest healthcare problems; it requires an appropriate approach to the patient, especially when it concerns pregnant women. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic condition in pregnancy that shares many features with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM and GDM induce oxidative stress, which activates cellular stress signalling. In addition, the risk of diabetes during pregnancy can lead to various complications for the mother and foetus. It has been shown that physical activity is an important tool to not only treat the negative effects of diabetes but also to prevent its progression or even reverse the changes already made by limiting the inflammatory process. Physical activity has a huge impact on the immune status of an individual. Various studies have shown that regular training sessions cause changes in circulating immune cell levels, cytokine activation, production and secretion and changes in microRNA, all of which have a positive effect on the well-being of the diabetic patient, mother and foetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstancow Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zgutka
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Tkacz
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Zolnierska 54, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
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9
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Zhu Y, Zhou X, Zhu A, Xiong S, Xie J, Bai Z. Advances in exercise to alleviate sarcopenia in older adults by improving mitochondrial dysfunction. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1196426. [PMID: 37476691 PMCID: PMC10355810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1196426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a chronic degenerative disease affecting primarily older adults. A growing aging population is gradually increasing the number of patients suffering from sarcopenia, placing increasing financial pressure on patients' families and society in general. There is a strong link between mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia pathogenesis. As a result, treating sarcopenia by improving mitochondrial dysfunction is an effective strategy. Numerous studies have demonstrated that exercise has a positive effect on mitochondrial dysfunction when treating sarcopenia. Exercise promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial fusion/division to add new mitochondria or improve dysfunctional mitochondria while maintaining mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial antioxidant defense system, and mitochondrial autophagy to promote normal mitochondrial function. Furthermore, exercise can reduce mitochondrial damage caused by aging by inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA damage, and mitochondrial apoptosis. Exercise effectiveness depends on several factors, including exercise duration, exercise intensity, and exercise form. Therefore, Moderate-intensity exercise over 4 weeks potentially mitigates sarcopenia in older adults by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. HIIT has demonstrated potential as a viable approach to addressing sarcopenia in aged rats. However, further investigation is required to validate its efficacy in treating sarcopenia in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenmin Bai
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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10
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Zhang T, Tian J, Fan J, Liu X, Wang R. Exercise training-attenuated insulin resistance and liver injury in elderly pre-diabetic patients correlates with NLRP3 inflammasome. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1082050. [PMID: 36817440 PMCID: PMC9929576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1082050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases and continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to exert detrimental effects on diabetic models. However, evidence linking NLRP3 inflammasome and pre-diabetes has been scarcely explored. Herein, we aimed to determine whether the NLRP3 inflammasome correlates with insulin resistance and liver pathology in a cohort of pre-diabetic subjects. Methods 50 pre-diabetic subjects were randomly assigned to a Pre-diabetes Control (DC, n=25) and a Pre-diabetes exercise (DEx, n=25) group. 25 Normal subjects (NC) were selected as controls. The DEx group performed a 6-month combined Yijingjing and resistance training intervention, while DC and NC group remained daily routines. Clinical metabolic parameters were determined with an automatic biochemistry analyzer; inflammatory cytokines were quantified by the ELISA assay; the protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome components in PBMCs were evaluated by Western Blot. Results The insulin resistance, liver injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activity were higher in pre-diabetic individuals than in normal control group. However, 6-month exercise intervention counteracted this trend, significantly improved insulin sensitivity, reduced liver injury and inhibited the overactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome in pre-diabetic subjects. Moreover, positive correlations between insulin resistance, liver pathology and NLRP3 inflammasome were also found. Conclusions Our study suggests that exercise training is an effective strategy to alleviate insulin resistance and liver injury in elderly pre-diabetic subjects which is probably associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingcheng Fan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyun Liu
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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11
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Autophagy of naïve CD4 + T cells in aging - the role of body adiposity and physical fitness. Expert Rev Mol Med 2023; 25:e9. [PMID: 36655333 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased exponentially in the last century accompanied by disability, poor quality of life, and all-cause mortality in older age due to the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in older people. Biologically, the aging process reduces the cell's metabolic and functional efficiency, and disrupts the cell's anabolic and catabolic homeostasis, predisposing older people to many dysfunctional conditions such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and diabetes. In the immune system, aging also alters cells' metabolic and functional efficiency, a process known as 'immunosenescence', where cells become more broadly inflammatory and their functionality is altered. Notably, autophagy, the conserved and important cellular process that maintains the cell's efficiency and functional homeostasis may protect the immune system from age-associated dysfunctional changes by regulating cell death in activated CD4+ T cells. This regulatory process increases the delivery of the dysfunctional cytoplasmic material to lysosomal degradation while increasing cytokine production, proliferation, and differentiation of CD4+ T cell-mediated immune responses. Poor proliferation and diminished responsiveness to cytokines appear to be ubiquitous features of aged T cells and may explain the delayed peak in T cell expansion and cytotoxic activity commonly observed in the 'immunosenescence' phenotype in the elderly. On the other hand, physical exercise stimulates the expression of crucial nutrient sensors and inhibits the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling cascade which increases autophagic activity in cells. Therefore, in this perspective review, we will first contextualize the overall view of the autophagy process and then, we will discuss how body adiposity and physical fitness may counteract autophagy in naïve CD4+ T cells in aging.
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12
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Wei X, Li D, Luo Y, Wu B. Role of Autophagy and Apoptosis in Aluminum Exposure-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023:10.1007/s12011-022-03497-9. [PMID: 36600167 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03497-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) exposure can lead to different degrees of damage to various organ systems of the body. It has been previously revealed that Al exposure can damage the liver, causing liver dysfunction. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. This research aims to uncover the damaging effect of Al exposure on rat liver and to demonstrate the role of autophagy and apoptosis in this effect. Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group (C group), low-dose Al exposure group (L group), middle-dose Al exposure group (M group), and high-dose Al exposure group (H group) (n = 8). The rats, respectively, received intraperitoneal injections of 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg·day AlCl3 solution for 4 weeks (5 times/week). After the experiment, changes in the ultrastructure and autolysosome in rat liver were observed; the liver function, apoptosis rate, as well as levels of apoptosis-associated proteins and autophagy-associated proteins were detected. The results indicated that Al exposure damaged rat liver function and structure and resulted in an increase in autolysosomes. TUNEL staining revealed an elevated number of apoptotic hepatocytes after Al exposure. Moreover, we found from Western blotting that the levels of autophagy-associated proteins Beclin1 and LC3-II were increased; apoptotic protein Caspase-3 level was elevated and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was reduced. Our research suggested that Al exposure can lead to high autophagy and apoptosis levels of rat hepatocytes, accompanied by hepatocyte injury and impaired liver function. This study shows that autophagy and apoptosis pathways participate in Al toxication-induced hepatocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
- Department of Health Supervision Center, the Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Yueling Luo
- Department of Health Supervision Center, the Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, 533000, China
| | - Biaoliang Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of YouJiang Medical University for Nationalities, Zhongshan No 2 Road 18, Baise, 533000, China.
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13
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Amin NS, El Tayebi HM. More gain, less pain: How resistance training affects immune system functioning in multiple sclerosis patients: A review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 69:104401. [PMID: 36403379 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a complex etiology that is mirrored by the perplexing and inconsistent treatment responses observed across different patients. Although epigenetic research has garnered rightful interest in its efforts towards demystifying and understanding aberrant responses to treatment, the interim undoubtedly requires alternative non-pharmacological approaches towards attaining more effective management strategies. Of particular interest in this review is resistance training (RT) as a non-pharmacological exercise-based interventional strategy and its potential role as a disease-modifying tool. RT has been reported across literature to positively influence numerous aspects in the quality of life (QoL) and functional capacity of MS patients, and one of the attributes of these benefits may be a shift in the immune system of these individuals. RT has also been proven to affect different immune system key players associated with MS pathology. Ultimately, this brief review aims to provide a potential yet crucial link between RT, alterations in the expression profile of the immune system, and finally an imminent improvement in the overall well-being and QoL of MS patients, suggesting that utilizing RT as an interventional exercise modality may be an effective strategy that would aid in managing such a complex and debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Sherif Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Head of Molecular Genetics and Pharmacology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Hend M El Tayebi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Head of Molecular Genetics and Pharmacology Research Group, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt.
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14
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Resistance Training Modulates Reticulum Endoplasmic Stress, Independent of Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses, in Elderly People. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112242. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is related to changes in the redox status, low-grade inflammation, and decreased endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR). Exercise has been shown to regulate the inflammatory response, balance redox homeostasis, and ameliorate the UPR. This work aimed to investigate the effects of resistance training on changes in the UPR, oxidative status, and inflammatory responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of elderly subjects. Thirty elderly subjects volunteered to participate in an 8-week resistance training program, and 11 youth subjects were included for basal assessments. Klotho, heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), oxidative marker expression (catalase, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, protein carbonyls, reactive oxygen species, and superoxide dismutase 1 and 2), the IRE1 arm of UPR, and TLR4/TRAF6/pIRAK1 pathway activation were evaluated before and following training. No changes in the HSP60 and Klotho protein content, oxidative status markers, and TLR4/TRAF6/pIRAK1 pathway activation were found with exercise. However, an attenuation of the reduced pIRE1/IRE1 ratio was observed following training. Systems biology analysis showed that a low number of proteins (RPS27A, SYVN1, HSPA5, and XBP1) are associated with IRE1, where XBP1 and RPS27A are essential nodes according to the centrality analysis. Additionally, a gene ontology analysis confirms that endoplasmic reticulum stress is a key mechanism modulated by IRE1. These findings might partially support the modulatory effect of resistance training on the endoplasmic reticulum in the elderly.
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15
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Yang G, Dong Q, Yang H, Wang F, Chen L, Tang J, Huang G, Zhao Y. Changes Observed in Potential Key Candidate Genes of Peripheral Immunity Induced by Tai Chi among Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101863. [PMID: 36292747 PMCID: PMC9601924 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction. Although the inhibition of inflammation by Tai Chi has been demonstrated to involve a peripheral cytokine response and may play an important role in improving the motor function of PD patients, the related specific molecular mechanisms of the peripheral immune response to Tai Chi are not fully understood. The microarray dataset ‘GSE124676’ for the peripheral immune response to Tai Chi of PD patients was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A total of 136 DEGs were found in the PD patients after Tai Chi, suggesting an effect of Tai Chi on the peripheral immunity of PD patients. The DEGs are mainly involved in neutrophil activation, T-cell activation, and NOD-like receptor and IL-17 signaling pathways. Furthermore, six key candidate genes (FOS, FOSB, JUNB, ZFP36, CAMP and LCN2) that are involved in peripheral inflammation and the inhibition of inflammation induced by Tai Chi were observed. The results in the present study could be conducive to comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanism involved in the effect of Tai Chi on peripheral inflammation in PD patients and providing novel targets for future advanced research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200042, China
| | - Qun Dong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huixin Yang
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Linwei Chen
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Junze Tang
- Institute of Nation Traditional Sports, Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150006, China
| | - Guoyuan Huang
- Pott College of Science, Engineering and Education, University of Southern Indiana, Indiana, IN 47712, USA
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhao
- Physical Education Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200042, China
- Correspondence: (G.H.); (Y.Z.)
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16
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Testa MTDJ, Cella PS, Marinello PC, Frajacomo FTT, Padilha CDS, Perandini PC, Moura FA, Duarte JA, Cecchini R, Guarnier FA, Deminice R. Resistance Training Attenuates Activation of STAT3 and Muscle Atrophy in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880787. [PMID: 35847939 PMCID: PMC9283857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although the role of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3) in cachexia due to the association of circulating IL-6 and muscle wasting has been extensively demonstrated, the effect of resistance training on STAT3 in mediating muscle atrophy in tumor-bearing mice is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of resistance exercise training on inflammatory cytokines and oxidative-mediated STAT3 activation and muscle loss prevention in tumor-bearing mice. Methods Male Swiss mice were inoculated with Ehrlich tumor cells and exposed or not exposed to resistance exercise protocol of ladder climbing. Skeletal muscle STAT3 protein content was measured, compared between groups, and tested for possible association with plasma interleukins and local oxidative stress markers. Components of the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy pathways were assessed by real-time PCR or immunoblotting. Results Resistance training prevented STAT3 excessive activation in skeletal muscle mediated by the overabundance of plasma IL-6 and muscle oxidative stress. These mechanisms contributed to preventing the increased key genes and proteins of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy pathways in tumor-bearing mice, such as Atrogin-1, LC3B-II, and Beclin-1. Beyond preventing muscle atrophy, RT also prevented strength loss and impaired locomotor capacity, hallmarks of sarcopenia. Conclusion Our results suggest that STAT3 inhibition is central in resistance exercise protective effects against cancer-induced muscle atrophy and strength loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Sanches Cella
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Poliana Camila Marinello
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Camila de Souza Padilha
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education, State University of São Paulo (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Arruda Moura
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Rubens Cecchini
- Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Rafael Deminice, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9246-1079
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17
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Zhang L, Li W, Gong M, Zhang Z, Xue X, Mao J, Zhang H, Li S, Liu X, Wu F, Shi J, Fu G. C-reactive protein inhibits C3a/C3aR-dependent podocyte autophagy in favor of diabetic kidney disease. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22332. [PMID: 35503088 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200198r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported the pathogenic roles of C-reactive protein (CRP) and complement activation in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) individually. However, considering the potent regulatory effect of CRP on complement activation, it remains unclear whether CRP participates in DKD pathogenesis by regulating complement activation. Moreover, this work focuses on complement activation in rats, which aims at settling the dispute that whether rat CRP can activate the complement system. To address this question, the complement effectors C3a, C5a, and C5b-9 were examined in human patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and wt, Crp-/- , and huCRPtg rats with STZ-diabetic DKD. The Crp-/- rats showed more C3a accumulation in blood and glomeruli than wt and huCRPtg rats. The balance between autophagy and apoptosis was evaluated in DKD rats, and Crp-/- rats showed increased podocyte autophagy compared with wt and huCRPtg rats. Meanwhile, stable CRP-overexpression and CRP-knockout cell lines were established and used to demonstrate that CRP suppresses C3a-induced podocyte autophagy under high-glucose conditions. We further verified that the inhibition of C3a-induced podocyte autophagy by CRP was dependent on C3aR expression and that this effect could be reversed with a C3aR antagonist and agonist. Therefore, our findings provide evidence that CRP suppresses podocyte autophagy to accelerate the development of DKD by inhibiting C3a/C3aR axis signaling, which may help in the development of a new therapeutic strategy for the management of podocyte autophagy and DKD. In addition, rat CRP has been shown to be identical to human CRP in the activation of autologous complement and interspecific complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Minjie Gong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- School of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiarong Mao
- Department of pathology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Haibao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Siqi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiawan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingming Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China
| | - Guorong Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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18
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Salimans L, Liberman K, Njemini R, Kortekaas Krohn I, Gutermuth J, Bautmans I. The effect of resistance exercise on the immune cell function in humans: A systematic review. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111822. [PMID: 35490790 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance exercise is beneficial for the immune system, including decreased susceptibility to infections and improved effectiveness of vaccinations. This review aims to provide a systematic analysis of the literature regarding the impact of resistance exercise on immune cells in the blood circulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protocol of this review followed the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020157834). PubMed and Web-of-Science were systematically searched for relevant articles. Outcomes were divided into two categories: 1) inflammatory gene expression or secretion of inflammation-related cytokines and 2) other aspects such as cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, phagocytosis, and redox status. RESULTS Thirty intervention studies were included in this review, of which 11 articles were randomized controlled trials and six non-randomized controlled trials. Although only resistance exercise interventions were included, there was a high heterogeneity regarding specific exercise modalities. The most frequently studied outcome measures were the gene and protein expression levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). This review reveals that already one acute exercise bout activates the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway in PBMC. Although resistance exercise induces an acute cytosolic oxidative stress response, the antioxidant enzyme expression is improved after resistance training period. Natural killer cell activity increases in older but decreases in younger adults immediately after a resistance exercise bout. Moreover, resistance exercise improves neutrophil phagocytic activity. Finally, effects on lymphocyte proliferation remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS The results of this systematic review demonstrate that resistance exercise has beneficial effects on several aspects of immune cell function both in young and older individuals. Acute changes in immune cell function occur already after a single bout of resistance exercise. However, regular resistance training during several weeks seems necessary to obtain beneficial adaptations that can be related to better immunity and reduced inflammation. The effects documented in this review confirm the beneficial effects of resistance exercise in young as well as older persons on the immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Salimans
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Frailty in Aging (FRIA) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Gerontology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keliane Liberman
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Frailty in Aging (FRIA) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Gerontology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rose Njemini
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Frailty in Aging (FRIA) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Gerontology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Kortekaas Krohn
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Gutermuth
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Skin Immunology & Immune Tolerance (SKIN) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Frailty in Aging (FRIA) Research Group, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Department of Gerontology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Dermatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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Su H, Wen T, Liu D, Shao J, Zhao L, Gao Q. Effect of 32-Weeks High-Intensity Interval Training and Resistance Training on Delaying Sarcopenia: Focus on Endogenous Apoptosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:811369. [PMID: 35574455 PMCID: PMC9095960 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.811369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia caused by aging is an important factor leading to a decline in the quality of life of older people. Apoptosis in muscle atrophy accelerates the process of muscle loss in older populations. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of 32 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resistance training (RT) on the skeletal muscle-related indices and provide a theoretical basis for regulating the mitochondrial-mediated pathway to delay sarcopenia. We randomly selected 10 from eight-month-old male SD rats (N = 130) as the baseline group; after 1 week of adaptive feeding, the rats were sacrificed. The remaining rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control group (C, N = 40, natural aging for 32 weeks), HIIT group (H, N = 40, performed six loops of 3 min at 90% and 3 min at 50% VO2 max speed treadmill running, with 5 min at 70% VO2 max speed at the beginning and the end of the training, 3 times a week for 32 weeks), and resistance group (R, n = 40, 46 min per day, 3 days per week, with a 30% maximum load on a treadmill with a slope of 35°, 15 m/min). The soleus muscles were collected for analysis at baseline and every 8 weeks. Aging resulted in decreased soleus muscle mass and Bcl-2 levels in the mitochondria, while the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Bax did not change. HIIT reversed the age-associated activation of pro-apoptotic processes, but RT did not. In addition, when rats were aged from 8 to 16 months, the level of Cyt-C did not change, the Caspase-9 levels and Caspase-3 levels decreased gradually in the soleus muscles, the rats of both the HIIT and RT groups had these indices decreased at 32 weeks. The results suggest that the age-associated loss of muscle mass was reversed by training, and the effect of RT was better than that of HIIT. Both the HIIT and RT rats showed a decrease in the apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells after 32 weeks of intervention. HIIT performed better for long-term intervention regarding the pro-apoptotic factors. This study warranted further research to delineate the underlying mechanism of effects of different exercise methods on the changes of aging skeletal muscle at in vivo level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Su
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhao Wen
- Military Common Subject Teaching and Research Section, PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi’an, China
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsen Liu
- Sport physical therapy and therapeutic exercise, sports health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Shao
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Sport physical therapy and therapeutic exercise, sports health, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Gao,
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20
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Versaci F, Valenti V, Forte M, Cammisotto V, Nocella C, Bartimoccia S, Schirone L, Schiavon S, Vecchio D, D’Ambrosio L, Spinosa G, D’Amico A, Chimenti I, Violi F, Frati G, Pignatelli P, Sciarretta S, Pastori D, Carnevale R. Aging-Related Decline of Autophagy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation-A Post Hoc Analysis of the ATHERO-AF Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040698. [PMID: 35453383 PMCID: PMC9030744 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The autophagy process may play a role in delaying aging and improving cardiovascular function in aging. Data regarding autophagy in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are lacking. Methods: A post hoc analysis of the prospective ATHERO-AF cohort study, including 150 AF patients and 150 sex- and age-matched control subjects (CS), was performed. For the analysis, the population was divided into three age groups: <50−60, 61−70, and >70 years. Oxidative stress (Nox2 activity and hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), platelet activation (PA) by sP-selectin and CD40L, endothelial dysfunction (nitric oxide, NO), and autophagy parameters (P62 and ATG5 levels) were assessed. Results: Nox2 activity and H2O2 production were higher in the AF patients than in the CS; conversely, antioxidant capacity was decreased in the AF patients compared to the CS, as was NO production. Moreover, sP-selectin and CD40L were higher in the AF patients than in the CS. The autophagy process was also significantly impaired in the AF patients. We found a significant difference in oxidative stress, PA, NO production, and autophagy across the age groups. Autophagy markers correlated with oxidative stress, PA, and endothelial dysfunction in both groups. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that the autophagy process may represent a mechanism for increased cardiovascular risk in the AF population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Versaci
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy; (F.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Valentina Valenti
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, 04100 Latina, Italy; (F.V.); (V.V.)
| | - Maurizio Forte
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (M.F.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (C.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Cristina Nocella
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (C.N.); (P.P.)
| | - Simona Bartimoccia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (D.V.); (L.D.); (G.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Leonardo Schirone
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (D.V.); (L.D.); (G.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Sonia Schiavon
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (D.V.); (L.D.); (G.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Daniele Vecchio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (D.V.); (L.D.); (G.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Luca D’Ambrosio
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (D.V.); (L.D.); (G.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Giulia Spinosa
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (D.V.); (L.D.); (G.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Alessandra D’Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy;
| | - Isotta Chimenti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (D.V.); (L.D.); (G.S.); (I.C.)
| | | | - Giacomo Frati
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (M.F.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (D.V.); (L.D.); (G.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (C.N.); (P.P.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (M.F.); (G.F.); (S.S.)
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (D.V.); (L.D.); (G.S.); (I.C.)
| | - Daniele Pastori
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.C.); (C.N.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (R.C.); Tel.: +39-0649970941 (D.P.); +39-07731757245 (R.C.); Fax: +39-0649972309 (D.P.); +39-07731757245 (R.C.)
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy; (S.B.); (L.S.); (S.S.); (D.V.); (L.D.); (G.S.); (I.C.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (R.C.); Tel.: +39-0649970941 (D.P.); +39-07731757245 (R.C.); Fax: +39-0649972309 (D.P.); +39-07731757245 (R.C.)
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21
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Gomarasca M, Micielska K, Faraldi M, Flis M, Perego S, Banfi G, Ziemann E, Lombardi G. Impact of 12-Week Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Training on Inflammasome Complex Activation in Elderly Women. Front Physiol 2022; 13:792859. [PMID: 35273516 PMCID: PMC8902397 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.792859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging often associates with a chronic low-grade inflammatory status that can be consequent to the activation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the downstream NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and causes a chronic secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since exercise has known anti-inflammatory effects, we investigated the effect of Nordic walking training on inflammasome activation and downstream effectors in elderly women. A population of elderly women was divided into EXP (n = 29) that completed 12 weeks of the moderate-intensity aerobic training program and CTRL (n = 29), performing no activity. Blood samples were taken before and after the first (T1-pre and T1-post, respectively) and last (T2-pre and T2-post, respectively) exercise unit. Inflammasome activation status was assessed by whole blood NLRP3 and TLR4 expression by RT-qPCR. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-18 cytokines were assayed by multiplex fluorescent beads-based immunoassays or ELISA. NLRP3 and TLR4 levels were reduced 2 folds between T1-pre and T2-pre and induced at T2-post, compared to T2-pre, by 2.6- and 2.9-fold, respectively. A single exercise bout elicited a 1. 38-, 1. 5-, and 1.36-fold rise of IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 concentration, respectively, although not significant, at the beginning of the training (T1-pre vs. T1-post), a 1.4-fold decrease for IL-1β and TNFα at the end of the training (T1-pre vs. T2-pre), and a 2-, 1.8- and 1.26-fold increase after the last exercise session (T2-pre vs. T2-post) for the three cytokines. When stratifying the population based on BMI in normal weight (NW) and overweight (OW), NLRP3 and TLR4 expression was affected only in NW. As for inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β was modulated in NW at the beginning of the training, whereas in OW at the end of the training; for TNFα, this time-dependent modulation was significant only in OW. Applied aerobic training affected the resting expression of inflammasome constituents (NLRP3 and TLR4) and levels of downstream effectors (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6). However, at the end of the program, participants acquire an acute inflammatory response to exercise that was absent at baseline. Future studies would have to define the molecular mechanisms associated with, and how to potentiate, the exercise-associated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gomarasca
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Micielska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland.,Doctoral School, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martina Faraldi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Flis
- Department of Physiology, Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Silvia Perego
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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22
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Caponio D, Veverová K, Zhang SQ, Shi L, Wong G, Vyhnalek M, Fang EF. Compromised autophagy and mitophagy in brain ageing and Alzheimer's diseases. AGING BRAIN 2022; 2:100056. [PMID: 36908880 PMCID: PMC9997167 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2022.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most persistent and devastating neurodegenerative disorders of old age, and is characterized clinically by an insidious onset and a gradual, progressive deterioration of cognitive abilities, ranging from loss of memory to impairment of judgement and reasoning. Despite years of research, an effective cure is still not available. Autophagy is the cellular 'garbage' clearance system which plays fundamental roles in neurogenesis, neuronal development and activity, and brain health, including memory and learning. A selective sub-type of autophagy is mitophagy which recognizes and degrades damaged or superfluous mitochondria to maintain a healthy and necessary cellular mitochondrial pool. However, emerging evidence from animal models and human samples suggests an age-dependent reduction of autophagy and mitophagy, which are also compromised in AD. Upregulation of autophagy/mitophagy slows down memory loss and ameliorates clinical features in animal models of AD. In this review, we give an overview of autophagy and mitophagy and their link to the progression of AD. We also summarize approaches to upregulate autophagy/mitophagy. We hypothesize that age-dependent compromised autophagy/mitophagy is a cause of brain ageing and a risk factor for AD, while restoration of autophagy/mitophagy to more youthful levels could return the brain to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Caponio
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Kateřina Veverová
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shi-Qi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford (NNRCO)
| | - Garry Wong
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Martin Vyhnalek
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway.,The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), Oslo, Norway
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23
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Exercise-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is mediated via alleviating inflammasome-induced pyroptosis. Exp Neurol 2021; 349:113952. [PMID: 34921847 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a primary nonpharmacological tool, exercise training is neuroprotective after experimental ischemic stroke by relieving neuroinflammation. However, the specific mechanism of which and anti-inflammatory effect of exercise at different intensities require in-depth investigations. To explore the issue, middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO-r) in mice were utilized, with subsequent exercise training at different intensities (high-intensity interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training, i.e. HIIT vs. MICT) during an early phase post-modeling. The neurobehavioral assessment showed that MICT improved the performance of neurological deficit scores and rotarod test earlier, while HIIT appeared to be more efficacious to meliorate locomotor impairments and aerobic fitness at the end of intervention. Both exercise regimens inhibited the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP3, ASC, and Cl.caspase-1) and pyroptosis-associated proteins (GSDMD, Cl.IL-1β, and Cl.IL-18) as indicated by western blot and immunofluorescence co-staining. Multiplex assay panel revealed that both exercise regimens reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, an increased proportion of M2-like microglia and a diminished proportion of M1-like microglia in the peri-infarct zone were observed by colocalization analysis, which was jointly validated by western blot. Here, for the first time, our study demonstrated that HIIT elicited better improvements at functional and cardiovascular levels than MICT after ischemic stroke, and anti-inflammatory effect of exercise might result from suppression in inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis by shifting microglial polarization toward neuroprotective M2 phenotype.
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24
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Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 63:499-529. [PMID: 34910283 PMCID: PMC8671603 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific innate and antigen-specific adaptive immunological memories are vital evolutionary adaptations that confer long-lasting protection against a wide range of pathogens. Adaptive memory is established by memory T and B lymphocytes following the recognition of an antigen. On the other hand, innate immune memory, also called trained immunity, is imprinted in innate cells such as macrophages and natural killer cells through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. However, these mechanisms of memory generation and maintenance are compromised as organisms age. Almost all immune cell types, both mature cells and their progenitors, go through age-related changes concerning numbers and functions. The aging immune system renders the elderly highly susceptible to infections and incapable of mounting a proper immune response upon vaccinations. Besides the increased infectious burden, older individuals also have heightened risks of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, which have an immunological component. This review discusses how immune function, particularly the establishment and maintenance of innate and adaptive immunological memory, regulates and is regulated by epigenetics, metabolic processes, gut microbiota, and the central nervous system throughout life, with a focus on old age. We explain in-depth how epigenetics and cellular metabolism impact immune cell function and contribute or resist the aging process. Microbiota is intimately linked with the immune system of the human host, and therefore, plays an important role in immunological memory during both homeostasis and aging. The brain, which is not an immune-isolated organ despite former opinion, interacts with the peripheral immune cells, and the aging of both systems influences the health of each other. With all these in mind, we aimed to present a comprehensive view of the aging immune system and its consequences, especially in terms of immunological memory. The review also details the mechanisms of promising anti-aging interventions and highlights a few, namely, caloric restriction, physical exercise, metformin, and resveratrol, that impact multiple facets of the aging process, including the regulation of innate and adaptive immune memory. We propose that understanding aging as a complex phenomenon, with the immune system at the center role interacting with all the other tissues and systems, would allow for more effective anti-aging strategies.
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25
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NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Exercise Intervention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413228. [PMID: 34948026 PMCID: PMC8707657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), as a common complication of diabetes, is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a key sensor mediating innate immune and inflammatory responses. However, the mechanisms initiating and promoting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in DCM is largely unexplored. The aim of the present review is to describe the link between NLRP3 inflammasome and DCM, and to provide evidence highlighting the importance of exercise training in DCM intervention. Collectively, this evidence suggests that DCM is an inflammatory disease aggravated by NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated release of IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, chronic exercise intervention is an effective preventive and therapeutic method to alleviate DCM via modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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26
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Liang J, Wang C, Zhang H, Huang J, Xie J, Chen N. Exercise-Induced Benefits for Alzheimer's Disease by Stimulating Mitophagy and Improving Mitochondrial Function. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:755665. [PMID: 34658846 PMCID: PMC8519401 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.755665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly specialized post-mitotic cells that are inherently dependent on mitochondria due to their higher bioenergetic demand. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with a variety of aging-related neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and the accumulation of dysfunctional and superfluous mitochondria has been reported as an early stage that significantly facilitates the progression of AD. Mitochondrial damage causes bioenergetic deficiency, intracellular calcium imbalance and oxidative stress, thereby aggravating β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation and Tau hyperphosphorylation, and further leading to cognitive decline and memory loss. Although there is an intricate parallel relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and AD, their triggering factors, such as Aβ aggregation and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein and action time, are still unclear. Moreover, many studies have confirmed abnormal mitochondrial biosynthesis, dynamics and functions will present once the mitochondrial quality control is impaired, thus leading to aggravated AD pathological changes. Accumulating evidence shows beneficial effects of appropriate exercise on improved mitophagy and mitochondrial function to promote mitochondrial plasticity, reduce oxidative stress, enhance cognitive capacity and reduce the risks of cognitive impairment and dementia in later life. Therefore, stimulating mitophagy and optimizing mitochondrial function through exercise may forestall the neurodegenerative process of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiling Liang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cenyi Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jielun Huang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juying Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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27
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Xu M, Yang J, Sun J, Xing X, Liu Z, Liu T. A novel mutation in PCK2 gene causes primary angle-closure glaucoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:23338-23347. [PMID: 34650006 PMCID: PMC8544327 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is an ophthalmic genetic disease characterized by direct contact between the iris and trabecular meshwork, resulting in an obstructed outflow of aqueous humor from the eye. However, it is unclear as to what role genetics plays in the development of PACG. The present study investigated the disease-causing mutation in a five-generation Chinese PACG family using whole-genome sequencing. A novel heterozygous missense mutation c.977C>T in PCK2 gene was identified in five affected family members, but not in any unaffected and 86 unrelated healthy individuals. This nucleotide substitute is predicted to result in a proline to leucine substitution p.Pro326Leu. Furthermore, the function of this mutation was analyzed through various in vitro assays using the RGC-5 cell line. Our results demonstrate that the p.Pro326Leu mutation induces RGC-5 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with a decreased BcL-XL. The increasing P53, P27, P21, AKT, and P-GSK3α were also detected in the cells transfected with c.977C>T mutation, suggesting that this mutation within PCK2 gene cause PACG through impairment of AKT/GSK3α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, 3201 Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China.,The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 3201 Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Jiayue Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, 3201 Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Xuemei Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, 3201 Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- College of Medical Laboratory Science, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, 3201 Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China.,Guihang Guiyang Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550000, China
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28
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Zhang T, Ding S, Wang R. Research Progress of Mitochondrial Mechanism in NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Exercise Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910866. [PMID: 34639204 PMCID: PMC8509472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 is an important pattern recognition receptor in the innate immune system, and its activation induces a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18 which are involved in the development of various diseases. In recent years, it has been suggested that mitochondria are the platform for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Additionally, exercise is considered as an important intervention strategy to mediate the innate immune responses. Generally, chronic moderate-intensity endurance training, resistance training and high-intensity interval training inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to various pathological factors. In contrast, acute exercise activates NLRP3 inflammasome. However, the mechanisms by which exercise regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation are largely unclear. Therefore, the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is discussed mainly from the perspective of mitochondria in this review. Moreover, the effect and potential mechanism of exercise on NLRP3 inflammasome are explored, hoping to provide new target for relevant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (R.W.)
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai 200438, China
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (R.W.)
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29
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Ding Y, Xu X. Effects of regular exercise on inflammasome activation-related inflammatory cytokine levels in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2338-2352. [PMID: 34121608 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1932279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been found to play important roles in regulating inflammation, although the mechanisms are unclear. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether regular exercise could regulate inflammation through inflammasome activation signalling in older adults. Five databases were searched, and 19 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) studying effects of regular exercise on inflammasome activation-related inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and other key molecules involved in inflammasome activation signalling such as NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1 in older adults aged 50 years or older were included. The results showed that regular exercise could significantly decrease the levels of IL-1β and IL-18, important end-products of inflammasome activation in older adults. Subgroup analyses showed that aerobic exercise is the most effective training modality, and low-to-moderate intensity and mixed intensity are better compared with high intensity to decrease IL-1β and IL-18. The effect of regular exercise on key molecules involved in inflammasome activation signalling including NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 is understudied and needs to be further investigated. These findings demonstrate that regular exercise could effectively decrease inflammasome activation-related inflammatory cytokine levels in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijian Ding
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, P. R. China
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30
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Huang Y, Liu HT, Yuan Y, Guo YP, Wan DF, Pan SS. Exercise Preconditioning Increases Beclin1 and Induces Autophagy to Promote Early Myocardial Protection via Intermittent Myocardial Ischemia-Hypoxia. Int Heart J 2021; 62:407-415. [PMID: 33678798 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Exercise preconditioning (EP) provides protective effects for acute cardiovascular stress; however, its mechanisms need to be further investigated. Autophagy is a degradation pathway essential for myocardium health. Therefore, we investigated whether intermittent myocardial ischemia-hypoxia affected Beclin1 and whether the changes in autophagy levels contribute to EP-induced early myocardial protective effects. Rats were trained on a treadmill using an EP model (four cycles of 10 minutes of running/10 minutes of rest). Exhaustive exercise (EE) was performed to induce myocardial injury. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and ischemia-hypoxia staining were used to evaluate myocardial injury and protection. Double-labeled immunofluorescence staining and western blot analysis were employed to examine related markers. EP attenuated the myocardial ischemic-hypoxic injury induced by EE. Compared with the control (C) group, the dissociations of Beclin1/Bcl-2 ratio and Beclin1 expression were both higher in all other groups. Compared with the C group, PI3KC3 and the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio were higher in all other groups, whereas LC3-II was higher in the EE and EEP + EE groups. p62 was higher in the EE group than in the C group but lower in the EEP + EE group than in the EE group. We concluded that EP increases Beclin1 via intermittent myocardial ischemia-hypoxia and induces autophagy, which exerts early myocardial protective effects and reduces the myocardial ischemic-hypoxic injury induced by exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Huang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport
| | - Yuan-Pan Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport
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31
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Bautmans I, Salimans L, Njemini R, Beyer I, Lieten S, Liberman K. The effects of exercise interventions on the inflammatory profile of older adults: A systematic review of the recent literature. Exp Gerontol 2021; 146:111236. [PMID: 33453323 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammageing - characterized by age-related chronic low-grade inflammation is considered to be positively influenced by physical exercises. The aim of this systematic review is to provide an update of the most recent literature regarding exercise effects on the inflammatory profile in older adults. METHODS This review is an update of an earlier published literature review and was performed according to the NICE guidelines. Databases PubMed and Web-of-Science were systematically searched by two independent authors screening for papers published since 2016. Effect sizes of outcome parameters related to the inflammatory profile were calculated where possible. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Twenty-three articles were included. Resistance training (RT) was the most investigated type of exercise (13 articles: 8 in healthy, 1 in frail and 4 in older adults with a specific condition or disease). Aerobic training (AT) was investigated in 8 articles, including 5 studies in older adults with a specific disease or condition. Combined resistance & aerobic training (CT) was investigated in 7 articles: 3 were in healthy, 1 in frail and 3 in older adults with a specific condition or disease. 1 study investigated the effects of Tai Chi in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. In frail older subjects, IGF-1 - sole marker investigated - significantly increased after 8 weeks RT and CT, whereas AT showed no significant effects compared to control. Most consistent exercise effects consisted in lowering of circulating levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α; which seemed more prominent in healthy older adults compared to those with a specific disease or condition. None of the studies reported an exacerbation of inflammation following exercise and all studied exercise protocols were feasible and safe for older adults. CONCLUSIONS Overall, significant anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in older persons were reported. Literature remains extremely scarce regarding the exercise-induced effects in frail older persons. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more studies focusing on the frail elderly. There is growing literature data on exercise interventions in older adults with a specific condition or disease; however, it appears more challenging to reduce inflammageing through exercise in these specific patient groups. Importantly, the exercise interventions performed in all studies appeared to be feasible and safe for older patients, thus the presence of a specific condition or disease should not be considered as a contra-indication to perform physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 10&, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Lene Salimans
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rose Njemini
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ingo Beyer
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 10&, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Siddhartha Lieten
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Geriatrics Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 10&, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Keliane Liberman
- Frailty in Ageing Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Gerontology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Receptor tyrosine kinases-instructed release of its inhibitor from hydrogel to delay ovarian aging. Biomaterials 2020; 269:120536. [PMID: 33248720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is the most frequently occurred disease in ovary. Direct inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity can treat woman POF but brings adverse effects to women. Herein, by rational design of a hydrogelator Nap-Phe-Phe-Asp-Arg-Leu-Tyr-OH (Y) and co-assembling Y with an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK, an upstream kinase of mTOR), Ala-Glu-Ala-Ala-Leu-Tyr-Lys-Asn-Leu-Leu-His-Ser-OH (Inh), to form hydrogel Gel Y + Inh, we develop a "smart" strategy of RTK-responsive disassembly of the hydrogel to release Inh. Release of Inh moderately inhibits the activity of mTOR and therefore delays ovarian aging. Oocyte and zygote experiments show that Gel Y + Inh improves both meiotic maturation of the oocytes and early embryonic development of the zygotes. In vivo animal experiments indicate that Gel Y + Inh effectively delays ovarian aging in aged mice by down regulation of mTOR activity, stimulation of ovaries to secrete estrogen and progesterone, and development of more antral follicles for reproduction. We expect that our new hydrogel Gel Y + Inh could be applied to treat woman POF, as well as delay ovarian aging, in clinic in the near future.
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Arias C, Saavedra N, Leal K, Vásquez B, Abdalla DSP, Salazar LA. Histological Evaluation and Gene Expression Profiling of Autophagy-Related Genes for Cartilage of Young and Senescent Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228607. [PMID: 33203108 PMCID: PMC7697851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that protects cells from stress by digesting non-functional cellular components. In the cartilage, chondrocytes depend on autophagy as a principal mechanism to maintain cellular homeostasis. This protective role diminishes prior to the structural damage that normally occurs during aging. Considering that aging is the main risk factor for osteoarthritis, evaluating the expression of genes associated with autophagy in senescent cartilage might allow for the identification of potential therapeutic targets for treatment. Thus, we studied two groups of young and senescent rats. A histological analysis of cartilage and gene expression quantification for autophagy-related genes were performed. In aged cartilage, morphological changes were observed, such as an increase in cartilage degeneration as measured by the modified Mankin score, a decrease in the number of chondrocytes and collagen II (Col2a1), and an increase in matrix metalloproteinase 13 (Mmp13). Moreover, 84 genes associated with autophagy were evaluated by a PCR array analysis, and 15 of them were found to be significantly decreased with aging. Furthermore, an in silico analysis based on by two different bioinformatics software tools revealed that several processes including cellular homeostasis, autophagosome assembly, and aging—as well as several biological pathways such as autophagy, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/AKT (serine/threonine kinase) signaling, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling—were enriched. In conclusion, the analysis identified some potential targets for osteoarthritis treatment that would allow for the development of new therapeutic strategies for this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Arias
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Av. Alemania 1090, Temuco 4810101, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Karla Leal
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Bélgica Vásquez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Av. General Velásquez 1775, Arica 1000007, Chile;
| | - Dulcineia S. P. Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 580, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.A.); (N.S.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-45-259-6724
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Pesce M, Ballerini P, Paolucci T, Puca I, Farzaei MH, Patruno A. Irisin and Autophagy: First Update. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207587. [PMID: 33066678 PMCID: PMC7588919 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and sedentary life style are considered independent risk factors for many disorders. Under these conditions, accumulation of dysfunctional and damaged cellular proteins and organelles occurs, resulting in a cellular degeneration and cell death. Autophagy is a conserved recycling pathway responsible for the degradation, then turnover of cellular proteins and organelles. This process is a part of the molecular underpinnings by which exercise promotes healthy aging and mitigate age-related pathologies. Irisin is a myokine released during physical activity and acts as a link between muscles and other tissues and organs. Its main beneficial function is the change of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue, with a consequential increase in thermogenesis. Irisin modulates metabolic processes, acting on glucose homeostasis, reduces systemic inflammation, maintains the balance between resorption and bone formation, and regulates the functioning of the nervous system. Recently, some of its pleiotropic and favorable properties have been attributed to autophagy induction, posing irisin as an important regulator of autophagy by exercise. This review article proposes to bring together for the first time the "state of the art" knowledge regarding the effects of irisin and autophagy. Furthermore, treatments on relation between exercise/myokines and autophagy have been also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Paolucci
- Department of Oral, Medical and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Iris Puca
- Sport Academy SSD, 65010 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 67146 Kermanshah, Iran;
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.P.); (A.P.)
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Valenzuela PL, Castillo-García A, Morales JS, de la Villa P, Hampel H, Emanuele E, Lista S, Lucia A. Exercise benefits on Alzheimer's disease: State-of-the-science. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101108. [PMID: 32561386 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Although there is no unanimity, growing evidence supports the value of regular physical exercise to prevent Alzheimer's disease as well as cognitive decline in affected patients. Together with an introductory summary on epidemiological evidence, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the potential biological mechanisms underlying exercise benefits in this condition. Regular physical exercise has proven to be beneficial for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., reduced vascular flow, diabetes) involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Exercise also promotes neurogenesis via increases in exercise-induced metabolic factors (e.g., ketone bodies, lactate) and muscle-derived myokines (cathepsin-B, irisin), which in turn stimulate the production of neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Finally, regular exercise exerts anti-inflammatory effects and improves the brain redox status, thereby ameliorating the pathophysiological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (e.g., amyloid-β deposition). In summary, physical exercise might provide numerous benefits through different pathways that might, in turn, help prevent risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease. More evidence is needed, however, based on human studies.
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Oh J, Youn CK, Jun Y, Jo ER, Cho SI. Reduced mitophagy in the cochlea of aged C57BL/6J mice. Exp Gerontol 2020; 137:110946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Andreotti DZ, Silva JDN, Matumoto AM, Orellana AM, de Mello PS, Kawamoto EM. Effects of Physical Exercise on Autophagy and Apoptosis in Aged Brain: Human and Animal Studies. Front Nutr 2020; 7:94. [PMID: 32850930 PMCID: PMC7399146 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is characterized by a series of molecular and cellular changes over the years that could culminate in the deterioration of physiological parameters important to keeping an organism alive and healthy. Physical exercise, defined as planned, structured and repetitive physical activity, has been an important force to alter physiology and brain development during the process of human beings' evolution. Among several aspects of aging, the aim of this review is to discuss the balance between two vital cellular processes such as autophagy and apoptosis, based on the fact that physical exercise as a non-pharmacological strategy seems to rescue the imbalance between autophagy and apoptosis during aging. Therefore, the effects of different types or modalities of physical exercise in humans and animals, and the benefits of each of them on aging, will be discussed as a possible preventive strategy against neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zukas Andreotti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josiane do Nascimento Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Midori Matumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Orellana
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paloma Segura de Mello
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Neurobiology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu J, Yang R, Meng H, Zhou T, He Q. In vitro treatment of 3 T3-L1 adipocytes with recombinant Calcium/calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase IV (CaMKIV) limits ER stress and improves insulin sensitivity through inhibition of autophagy via the mTOR/CREB signaling pathway. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:104. [PMID: 32660483 PMCID: PMC7359471 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00589-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, CaMKIV has been identified as a potential regulator of skeletal muscle glucose metabolism, it can also affect insulin gene expression in pancreas. However, its effects on adipose insulin resistance have yet to be explored. Autophagy has been shown as a potential therapeutic target for ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of CaMKIV on ER stress, autophagic function and insulin signaling in tunicamycin-treated adipocytes. METHODS In this study, mature 3 T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with tunicamycin to induce ER stress. Tunicamycin-treated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with recombinant CaMKIV in the presence or absence of targeted-siRNA mediated down-regulation of CREB and mTOR. The ER stress markers, autophagy activation, mTOR/CREB signaling and insulin sensitivity were analyzed by western blotting or electron microscopy. RESULTS Treatment with CaMKIV significantly reversed tunicamycin-induced expression of p-PERK, cleaved-ATF6, Atg7 and LC3II. It also reduced p62 expression. In addition, levels of p-Akt and p-IRS-1 were increased. Moreover, CaMKIV inhibited activated ER stress and insulin resistance in Atg7 siRNA transfected adipocytes. However, the protective effects of CaMKIV on ER stress, insulin signaling, and autophagy function were nullified by suppression of mTOR or CREB in tunicamycin-treated adipocytes. CONCLUSION This study proves recombinant CaMKIV inhibits tunicamycin-induced ER stress and insulin resistance by regulating autophagy. The protective effect of CaMKIV in adipocytes is affected at least partly through mTOR/CREB signaling. Our finding may offer novel opportunities for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, 157 West 5 Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ruihua Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, 157 West 5 Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, 157 West 5 Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, 157 West 5 Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, 157 West 5 Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, China.
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Bolotta A, Filardo G, Abruzzo PM, Astolfi A, De Sanctis P, Di Martino A, Hofer C, Indio V, Kern H, Löfler S, Marcacci M, Zampieri S, Marini M, Zucchini C. Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression in Long-Term Endurance and Resistance Trained Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113988. [PMID: 32498275 PMCID: PMC7312229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is deemed the most efficient way of counteracting the age-related decline of skeletal muscle. Here we report a transcriptional study by next-generation sequencing of vastus lateralis biopsies from elderly with a life-long high-level training practice (n = 9) and from age-matched sedentary subjects (n = 5). Unsupervised mixture distribution analysis was able to correctly categorize trained and untrained subjects, whereas it failed to discriminate between individuals who underwent a prevalent endurance (n = 5) or a prevalent resistance (n = 4) training, thus showing that the training mode was not relevant for sarcopenia prevention. KEGG analysis of transcripts showed that physical exercise affected a high number of metabolic and signaling pathways, in particular those related to energy handling and mitochondrial biogenesis, where AMPK and AKT-mTOR signaling pathways are both active and balance each other, concurring to the establishment of an insulin-sensitive phenotype and to the maintenance of a functional muscle mass. Other pathways affected by exercise training increased the efficiency of the proteostatic mechanisms, consolidated the cytoskeletal organization, lowered the inflammation level, and contrasted cellular senescence. This study on extraordinary individuals who trained at high level for at least thirty years suggests that aging processes and exercise training travel the same paths in the opposite direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bolotta
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna School of Medicine, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (P.D.S.); (M.M.); (C.Z.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Provvidenza Maria Abruzzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna School of Medicine, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (P.D.S.); (M.M.); (C.Z.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2094122
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Giorgio Prodi Interdepartimental Center for Cancer Research, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.A.); (V.I.)
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola De Sanctis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna School of Medicine, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (P.D.S.); (M.M.); (C.Z.)
| | - Alessandro Di Martino
- Second Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Christian Hofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1160 Wien, Austria; (C.H.); (H.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Valentina Indio
- Giorgio Prodi Interdepartimental Center for Cancer Research, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.A.); (V.I.)
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1160 Wien, Austria; (C.H.); (H.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Stefan Löfler
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rehabilitation Research, 1160 Wien, Austria; (C.H.); (H.K.); (S.L.)
| | - Maurilio Marcacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Knee Joint Reconstruction Center, 3rd Orthopaedic Division, Humanitas Clinical Institute, Humanitas University, 20089 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Marina Marini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna School of Medicine, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (P.D.S.); (M.M.); (C.Z.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Zucchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna School of Medicine, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (P.D.S.); (M.M.); (C.Z.)
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Chen P, Lei J, Chen F, Zhou B. Ameliorative effect of urolithin A on d-gal-induced liver and kidney damage in aging mice via its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. RSC Adv 2020; 10:8027-8038. [PMID: 35497859 PMCID: PMC9049876 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urolithin A, a metabolite produced by human colon microflora from ellagic acid and related compounds, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. The present study investigates the protective effects of urolithin A (Uro A) on d-galactose (d-gal)-induced liver and kidney injury and the possible mechanisms in mice. In this study, we first investigated the antioxidant ability of Uro A in vitro. Then mice were treated with d-gal subcutaneously (150 mg kg-1 d-1), followed by Uro A at different dosages (50, 100, 150 mg kg-1 d-1, administered orally) for 8 weeks. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in the serum were tested. Histopathological features were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining followed by an assessment of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Furthermore, we also evaluated the expression levels of the genes Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the liver and kidney. The results showed that Uro A treatment obviously attenuated d-gal-induced liver and kidney damage. The beneficial effects of Uro A were accompanied by a decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a rise in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity in the liver and kidney and downregulation of the levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in serum. Moreover, Uro A could modulate the expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the livers and kidneys of aging mice. These findings suggested that Uro A ameliorated d-gal-induced liver and kidney injury through attenuating oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430060 P. R. China +86 15335898431
| | - Jiexin Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430060 P. R. China
| | - Fuchao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine Shiyan Hubei 442008 P. R. China
| | - Benhong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430060 P. R. China +86 15335898431
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Aerobic Training Down-Regulates Pentraxin 3 and Pentraxin 3/Toll-Like Receptor 4 Ratio, Irrespective of Oxidative Stress Response, in Elderly Subjects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020110. [PMID: 32012711 PMCID: PMC7070734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-mediated cellular aging has been linked to diseases such as atherothrombosis and cancer. Although pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is associated with aging-related diseases via TLR4-dependent anti-inflammatory effects, its relationship with oxidative stress in aging remains to be elucidated. Exercise is proposed as the key intervention for health maintenance in the elderly. This study aimed to examine the association of PTX3 levels with changes in oxidative stress in both plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), following aerobic training in elderly adults. Nine trained and five controls participated in an eight-week aerobic training protocol. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analyses were used to determine PTX3, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and levels of oxidative stress biomarkers [3-nitrotyrosine (3NT), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (PC), reactive oxygen/ nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC)] in plasma and/or PBMCs. Results showed a down-regulation of PTX3 expression in PBMCs following aerobic training, along with decreased PTX3/TLR4 ratios. Oxidative stress responses in PBMCs remained unchanged with the exercise protocol. Comparable levels of plasma PTX3 and oxidative stress biomarkers were observed in trained vs. control groups. No correlation was found between PTX3 and any oxidative stress biomarkers following training. These findings demonstrated the down-regulation of PTX3 and PTX3/TLR4 ratio, irrespective of oxidative stress response, in elderly adults following eight weeks of aerobic training.
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He X, Chen S, Li C, Ban J, Wei Y, He Y, Liu F, Chen Y, Chen J. Trehalose Alleviates Crystalline Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis via Activation of the TFEB-Mediated Autophagy-Lysosomal System in Alveolar Macrophages. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010122. [PMID: 31947943 PMCID: PMC7016807 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is an occupational lung disease characterized by persistent inflammation and irreversible fibrosis. Crystalline silica (CS) particles are mainly phagocytized by alveolar macrophages (AMs), which trigger apoptosis, inflammation, and pulmonary fibrosis. Previously, we found that autophagy-lysosomal system dysfunction in AMs was involved in CS-induced inflammation and fibrosis. Induction of autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis by transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation can rescue fibrotic diseases. However, the role of TFEB in silicosis is unknown. In this study, we found that CS induced TFEB nuclear localization and increased TFEB expression in macrophages both in vivo and in vitro. However, TFEB overexpression or treatment with the TFEB activator trehalose (Tre) alleviated lysosomal dysfunction and enhanced autophagic flux. It also reduced apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine levels, and fibrosis. Both pharmacologically inhibition of autophagy and TFEB knockdown in macrophages significantly abolished the antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects elicited by either TFEB overexpression or Tre treatment. In conclusion, these results uncover a protective role of TFEB-mediated autophagy in silicosis. Our study suggests that restoration of autophagy-lysosomal function by Tre-induced TFEB activation may be a novel strategy for the treatment of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu He
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shi Chen
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, No.36 Lushan Road, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Chao Li
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiaqi Ban
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yungeng Wei
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yangyang He
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Fangwei Liu
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jie Chen
- Division of Pneumoconiosis, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China; (X.H.); (C.L.); (J.B.); (Y.W.); (Y.H.); (F.L.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-31939079
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Nazarali P, Dadaei M, Alizadeh R. Effect of an 8-week endurance rehabilitation exercise on apoptosis in cardiac patients. Res Cardiovasc Med 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/rcm.rcm_25_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Bone and skeletal muscle are integrated organs and their coupling has been considered mainly a mechanical one in which bone serves as attachment site to muscle while muscle applies load to bone and regulates bone metabolism. However, skeletal muscle can affect bone homeostasis also in a non-mechanical fashion, i.e., through its endocrine activity. Being recognized as an endocrine organ itself, skeletal muscle secretes a panel of cytokines and proteins named myokines, synthesized and secreted by myocytes in response to muscle contraction. Myokines exert an autocrine function in regulating muscle metabolism as well as a paracrine/endocrine regulatory function on distant organs and tissues, such as bone, adipose tissue, brain and liver. Physical activity is the primary physiological stimulus for bone anabolism (and/or catabolism) through the production and secretion of myokines, such as IL-6, irisin, IGF-1, FGF2, beside the direct effect of loading. Importantly, exercise-induced myokine can exert an anti-inflammatory action that is able to counteract not only acute inflammation due to an infection, but also a condition of chronic low-grade inflammation raised as consequence of physical inactivity, aging or metabolic disorders (i.e., obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus). In this review article, we will discuss the effects that some of the most studied exercise-induced myokines exert on bone formation and bone resorption, as well as a brief overview of the anti-inflammatory effects of myokines during the onset pathological conditions characterized by the development a systemic low-grade inflammation, such as sarcopenia, obesity and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gomarasca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Milan, Italy; Gdańsk University of Physical Education & Sport, Gdańsk, Pomorskie, Poland.
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Batatinha HAP, Diniz TA, de Souza Teixeira AA, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC. Regulation of autophagy as a therapy for immunosenescence-driven cancer and neurodegenerative diseases: The role of exercise. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:14883-14895. [PMID: 30756377 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Aging is one of the risk factors for the development of low-grade inflammation morbidities, such as several types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, due to changes in the metabolism, hormonal secretion, and immunosenescence. The senescence of the immune system leads to improper control of infections and tissue damage increasing age-related diseases. One of the mechanisms that maintain cellular homeostasis is autophagy, a cell-survival mechanism, and it has been proposed as one of the most powerful antiaging therapies. Regular exercise can reestablish autophagy, probably through AMP-activated protein kinase activation, and help in reducing the age-related senescence diseases. Therefore, in this study, we discuss the effects of exercise training in immunosenescence and autophagy, preventing the two main age-related disease, cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiego Aparecido Diniz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karsten Krüger
- Department Exercise and Health, Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jose Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Coherent apoptotic and autophagic activities involved in regression of chicken postovulatory follicles. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:819-832. [PMID: 29706614 PMCID: PMC5940126 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
After ovulation in mammals, rupture of mature follicles is reorganized into the corpus luteum that secrets progesterone (P4) to stimulate endometrial development. The situation in birds differs considerably. Beyond ovulation the ruptured avian follicle forms a postovulatory follicle (POF) that is not considered analogous to mammalian corpus luteum. The function and regression mechanisms of avian POFs remain poorly understood. Here we investigated the changes in apoptotic and autophagic activities that were involved during POF degradation. Results showed that the structure and secretory function of POF3 manifested the most apparent deterioration during whole processes of regression. A TUENL assay revealed that the granulosa layer maintained longer viability than the theca layer. Importantly, mitochondrial apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated genes and proteins reached their highest levels in the granulosa cells of POF3. Beclin1 was distributed mainly in theca cells and coupled with LC3β-II accumulation, Sequestosome-1 (p62) degradation and Beclin1 elevation confirmed that autophagic activity had increased dramatically in the theca layer of POFs. These results indicate that the apoptosis of the granulosa cells from POFs occurs by mitochondrial apoptosis and ER stress and that a coherence of Beclin1-induced autophagy and caspase-induced apoptosis results in regression of theca layers of avian POFs.
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de Lemos Muller CH, de Matos JR, Grigolo GB, Schroeder HT, Rodrigues-Krause J, Krause M. Exercise Training for the Elderly: Inflammaging and the Central Role for HSP70. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42978-019-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Treadmill exercise intervention improves gait and postural control in alpha-synuclein mouse models without inducing cerebral autophagy. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:199-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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The Effects of Acute and Chronic Aerobic Activity on the Signaling Pathway of the Inflammasome NLRP3 Complex in Young Men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55040105. [PMID: 30991661 PMCID: PMC6524053 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The results of the studies show that the intensity and volume of aerobic exercise activity produce different responses of the immune system. This study aims to show how the signaling pathway of the inflammatory NLRP3 complex is influenced by the acute and chronic effects of moderate and high-intensity aerobic exercises in young men. Materials and Methods: Accordingly, 60 healthy (BMI = 23.56 ± 2.67) young (24.4 ± 0.4) students volunteered to participate in the study that was randomly divided into two experimental (n = 20) groups and one control (n = 20) group. The training protocol started with two intensity levels of 50% for a moderate group and 70% of maximum heart rate for high group for 30 min and then continued until reaching 70% (moderate group) and 90% (high group) of the maximum heart rate, respectively. Using Real Time-PCR method, the expression of NLRP3 gene and ELISA- were measured by IL-1β, IL-18. Results: The results showed that acute aerobic exercise with moderate intensity had no significant effect on the expression of NLRP3 gene and serum levels of IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines (p > 0.05) when acute exercise, with high intensity, begins an initiation of the activity of the inflammatory complex with elevated serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and NLRP3 gene expression (p < 0.05). In addition, chronic exercise with moderate intensity significantly reduced the expression of NLRP3 gene and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines (p < 0.05). In the case of chronic exercise with high intensity, a significant increase in expression of gene, NLRP3 and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 cytokines were observed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Generally, it can be concluded that chronic exercise with moderate intensity is effective in decreasing the expression of the inflammasome and inflammation.
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The beneficial roles of exercise training via autophagy in neurological diseases and possible mechanisms. Life Sci 2019; 221:130-134. [PMID: 30769113 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conservative catabolism process, participating in delivering the cytosol and cytosolic components to the lysosome. Abnormal autophagy is related to human pathologies, for instance diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular, macular degeneration, pulmonary, and cancer. Enormous evidences indicate that autophagy may mediate the cellular pathological condition in the process of neurological diseases. Exercise as a form of physiological stress may cause an adaptation, and autophagy is a necessary process for adaptational response to exercise. Autophagy during exercise may improve neurological function, control tissue maintain tissue integrity, and activate different signals pathway for adaptation. In this review, we summarize the possible mechanisms of exercise training via autophagy in neurological diseases.
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