1
|
Moskalev AA. Potential Geroprotectors - From Bench to Clinic. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1732-1738. [PMID: 38105194 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Geroprotectors are substances that slow down aging process and can be used for prevention of age-related diseases. Geroprotectors can improve functioning of various organ systems and enhance their homeostatic capabilities. We have developed a system of criteria for geroprotectors and proposed their classification based on the mechanisms of their action on the aging processes. Geroprotectors are required to reduce mortality, improve human aging biomarkers, have minimal side effects, and enhance quality of life. Additionally, there are approaches based on combining geroprotectors targeted to different targets and mechanisms of aging to achieve maximum effectiveness. Currently, numerous preclinical studies are being conducted to identify new molecular targets and develop new approaches to extend healthy aging, although the number of clinical trials is limited. Geroprotectors have the potential to become a new class of preventive medicines as they prevent onset of certain diseases or slow down their progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Moskalev
- Institute of Biogerontology, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hekmatnejad B, Rudnicki MA. Transplantation to study satellite cell heterogeneity in skeletal muscle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:902225. [PMID: 36092722 PMCID: PMC9448869 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.902225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a remarkable capacity to regenerate throughout life, which is mediated by its resident muscle stem cells, also called satellite cells. Satellite cells, located periphery to the muscle fibers and underneath the basal lamina, are an indispensable cellular source for muscle regeneration. Satellite cell transplantation into regenerating muscle contributes robustly to muscle repair, thereby indicating that satellite cells indeed function as adult muscle stem cells. Moreover, satellite cells are a heterogenous population in adult tissue, with subpopulations that can be distinguished based on gene expression, cell-cycle progression, ability to self-renew, and bi-potential ability. Transplantation assays provide a powerful tool to better understand satellite cell function in vivo enabling the separation of functionally distinct satellite cell subpopulations. In this review, we focus on transplantation strategies to explore satellite cells’ functional heterogeneity, approaches targeting the recipient tissue to improve transplantation efficiency, and common strategies to monitor the behaviour of the transplanted cells. Lastly, we discuss some recent approaches to overcome challenges to enhance the transplantation potential of muscle stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Hekmatnejad
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael A. Rudnicki
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Michael A. Rudnicki,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jeon OH, Mehdipour M, Gil TH, Kang M, Aguirre NW, Robinson ZR, Kato C, Etienne J, Lee HG, Alimirah F, Walavalkar V, Desprez PY, Conboy MJ, Campisi J, Conboy IM. Systemic induction of senescence in young mice after single heterochronic blood exchange. Nat Metab 2022; 4:995-1006. [PMID: 35902645 PMCID: PMC9945470 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTACT Ageing is the largest risk factor for many chronic diseases. Studies of heterochronic parabiosis, substantiated by blood exchange and old plasma dilution, show that old-age-related factors are systemically propagated and have pro-geronic effects in young mice. However, the underlying mechanisms how bloodborne factors promote ageing remain largely unknown. Here, using heterochronic blood exchange in male mice, we show that aged mouse blood induces cell and tissue senescence in young animals after one single exchange. This induction of senescence is abrogated if old animals are treated with senolytic drugs before blood exchange, therefore attenuating the pro-geronic influence of old blood on young mice. Hence, cellular senescence is neither simply a response to stress and damage that increases with age, nor a chronological cell-intrinsic phenomenon. Instead, senescence quickly and robustly spreads to young mice from old blood. Clearing senescence cells that accumulate with age rejuvenates old circulating blood and improves the health of multiple tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ok Hee Jeon
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Melod Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tae-Hwan Gil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minha Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Zachery R Robinson
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Kato
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jessy Etienne
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hyo Gyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Preininger MK, Kaufer D. Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Astrocyte Senescence as Reciprocal Drivers of Neuropathology in Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116217. [PMID: 35682895 PMCID: PMC9180977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant cell types in the brain, astrocytes form a tissue-wide signaling network that is responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis and regulating various brain activities. Here, we review some of the essential functions that astrocytes perform in supporting neurons, modulating the immune response, and regulating and maintaining the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Given their importance in brain health, it follows that astrocyte dysfunction has detrimental effects. Indeed, dysfunctional astrocytes are implicated in age-related neuropathology and participate in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review two mechanisms by which astrocytes mediate neuropathology in the aging brain. First, age-associated blood–brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) causes the hyperactivation of TGFβ signaling in astrocytes, which elicits a pro-inflammatory and epileptogenic phenotype. Over time, BBBD-associated astrocyte dysfunction results in hippocampal and cortical neural hyperexcitability and cognitive deficits. Second, senescent astrocytes accumulate in the brain with age and exhibit a decreased functional capacity and the secretion of senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, which contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Both BBBD and senescence progressively increase during aging and are associated with increased risk of neurodegenerative disease, but the relationship between the two has not yet been established. Thus, we discuss the potential relationship between BBBD, TGFβ hyperactivation, and senescence with respect to astrocytes in the context of aging and disease and identify future areas of investigation in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela K. Preininger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vázquez-Villaseñor I, Smith CI, Thang YJR, Heath PR, Wharton SB, Blackburn DJ, Ridger VC, Simpson JE. RNA-Seq Profiling of Neutrophil-Derived Microvesicles in Alzheimer's Disease Patients Identifies a miRNA Signature That May Impact Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115913. [PMID: 35682592 PMCID: PMC9180128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Systemic infection is associated with increased neuroinflammation and accelerated cognitive decline in AD patients. Activated neutrophils produce neutrophil-derived microvesicles (NMV), which are internalised by human brain microvascular endothelial cells and increase their permeability in vitro, suggesting that NMV play a role in blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity during infection. The current study investigated whether microRNA content of NMV from AD patients is significantly different compared to healthy controls and could impact cerebrovascular integrity. (2) Methods: Neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood samples of five AD and five healthy control donors without systemic infection were stimulated to produce NMV. MicroRNAs isolated from NMV were analysed by RNA-Seq, and online bioinformatic tools were used to identify significantly differentially expressed microRNAs in the NMV. Target and pathway analyses were performed to predict the impact of the candidate microRNAs on vascular integrity. (3) Results: There was no significant difference in either the number of neutrophils (p = 0.309) or the number of NMV (p = 0.3434) isolated from AD donors compared to control. However, 158 microRNAs were significantly dysregulated in AD NMV compared to controls, some of which were associated with BBB dysfunction, including miR-210, miR-20b-5p and miR-126-5p. Pathway analysis revealed numerous significantly affected pathways involved in regulating vascular integrity, including the TGFβ and PDGFB pathways, as well as Hippo, IL-2 and DNA damage signalling. (4) Conclusions: NMV from AD patients contain miRNAs that may alter the integrity of the BBB and represent a novel neutrophil-mediated mechanism for BBB dysfunction in AD and the accelerated cognitive decline seen as a result of a systemic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Vázquez-Villaseñor
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.-V.); (J.E.S.)
| | - Cynthia I. Smith
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Yung J. R. Thang
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Paul R. Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Stephen B. Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Daniel J. Blackburn
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Victoria C. Ridger
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK;
| | - Julie E. Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK; (C.I.S.); (Y.J.R.T.); (P.R.H.); (S.B.W.); (D.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (I.V.-V.); (J.E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diep PT, Chaudry M, Dixon A, Chaudry F, Kasabri V. Oxytocin, the panacea for long-COVID? a review. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022; 43:363-371. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
In this hypothesis paper we explore the underlying mechanisms for long-COVID and how the oxytocinergic neurones could be infected by SARS-CoV-2 leading to a reduction in plasma oxytocin (OXT). Furthermore, we aim to review the relevance of OXT and hypothalamic function in recovery from long-COVID symptoms and pathology, through exploring the pro-health effects of the OXT neuropeptide.
Methods
A review of published literature was surveyed using Google Scholar and PubMed.
Results
Numerous experimental data can be shown to correlate with OXT and long-COVID symptoms and conditions, thus providing strong circumstantial evidence to support our hypothesis. It is postulated that the reduction in plasma OXT due to acute and post-viral damage to the hypothalamus and oxytocinergic neurones contributes to the variable multi-system, remitting and relapsing nature of long-COVID. The intranasal route of OXT application was determined to be most appropriate and clinically relevant for the restoration of oxytocinergic function post COVID-19 infection.
Conclusions
We believe it is imperative to further investigate whether OXT alleviates the prolonged suffering of patients with long-COVID. Succinctly, OXT may be the much-needed post-pandemic panacea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuoc-Tan Diep
- Department of Pathology , NHS Foundation Trust - University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay , Kendal , UK
| | - Mohammed Chaudry
- Department of Pathology , NHS Foundation Trust - University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay , Kendal , UK
| | - Adam Dixon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London , London , UK
| | | | - Violet Kasabri
- School of Pharmacy , University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moskalev A, Guvatova Z, Lopes IDA, Beckett CW, Kennedy BK, De Magalhaes JP, Makarov AA. Targeting aging mechanisms: pharmacological perspectives. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:266-280. [PMID: 35183431 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Geroprotectors slow down aging and promote healthy longevity in model animals. Although hundreds of compounds have been shown to extend the life of laboratory model organisms, clinical studies on potential geroprotectors are exceedingly rare, especially in healthy elders. This review aims to classify potential geroprotectors based on the mechanisms by which they influence aging. These pharmacological interventions can be classified into the following groups: those that prevent oxidation; proteostasis regulators; suppressors of genomic instability; epigenetic drugs; those that preserve mitochondrial function; inhibitors of aging-associated signaling pathways; hormetins; senolytics/senostatics; anti-inflammatory drugs; antifibrotic agents; neurotrophic factors; factors preventing the impairment of barrier function; immunomodulators; and prebiotics, metabiotics, and enterosorbents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Moskalev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; Institute of Biology of the Federal Research Center of Komi Science Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya Street, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Zulfiya Guvatova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ines De Almeida Lopes
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Charles W Beckett
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore; Singapore Institute of Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Joao Pedro De Magalhaes
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kiss T, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Gulej R, Tarantini S, Csipo T, Mukli P, Ungvari A, Balasubramanian P, Yabluchanskiy A, Benyo Z, Conley SM, Wren JD, Garman L, Huffman DM, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z. Old blood from heterochronic parabionts accelerates vascular aging in young mice: transcriptomic signature of pathologic smooth muscle remodeling. GeroScience 2022; 44:953-981. [PMID: 35124764 PMCID: PMC9135944 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging has a central role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases contributing to increased mortality of older adults. There is increasing evidence that, in addition to the documented role of cell-autonomous mechanisms of aging, cell-nonautonomous mechanisms also play a critical role in the regulation of vascular aging processes. Our recent transcriptomic studies (Kiss T. et al. Geroscience. 2020;42(2):727-748) demonstrated that circulating anti-geronic factors from young blood promote vascular rejuvenation in aged mice. The present study was designed to expand upon the results of this study by testing the hypothesis that circulating pro-geronic factors also contribute to the genesis of vascular aging phenotypes. To test this hypothesis, through heterochronic parabiosis, we determined the extent to which shifts in the vascular transcriptome (RNA-seq) are modulated by the old systemic environment. We reanalyzed existing RNA-seq data, comparing the transcriptome in the aorta arch samples isolated from isochronic parabiont aged (20-month-old) C57BL/6 mice [A-(A); parabiosis for 8 weeks] and young isochronic parabiont (6-month-old) mice [Y-(Y)] and also assessing transcriptomic changes in the aortic arch in young (6-month-old) parabiont mice [Y-(A); heterochronic parabiosis for 8 weeks] induced by the presence of old blood derived from aged (20-month-old) parabionts. We identified 528 concordant genes whose expression levels differed in the aged phenotype and were shifted towards the aged phenotype by the presence of old blood in young Y-(A) animals. Among them, the expression of 221 concordant genes was unaffected by the presence of young blood in A-(Y) mice. GO enrichment analysis suggests that old blood-regulated genes may contribute to pathologic vascular remodeling. IPA Upstream Regulator analysis (performed to identify upstream transcriptional regulators that may contribute to the observed transcriptomic changes) suggests that the mechanism of action of pro-geronic factors present in old blood may include inhibition of pathways mediated by SRF (serum response factor), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and VEGF-A. In conclusion, relatively short-term exposure to old blood can accelerate vascular aging processes. Our findings provide additional evidence supporting the significant plasticity of vascular aging and the existence of circulating pro-geronic factors mediating pathological remodeling of the vascular smooth muscle cells and the extracellular matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shannon M. Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Lori Garman
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Derek M. Huffman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gu W. It is time to work on the extension of body growth and reproductive stages. Rejuvenation Res 2022; 25:110-115. [PMID: 35293249 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2022.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three major changes for the human lifespan in the past half decade: the decreased age of sexual maturity, slight increase in age of menopause/ andropause, and a trend of increase in life expectancy. The ages of puberty and menopause are the transitions in life stages, such that early puberty leads to loss and late menopause leads to gain the lifespan. So far, the strategies for increased lifespan have been largely focused on the post-reproductive stage. These approaches are challenging and may at some point reach a plateau. It might be interesting to expand this focus to potentially delaying the puberty and extending the period of body growth, which might yield longer reproductive stages as well as the longer and healthier lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weikuan Gu
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center Bookstore, 402387, 956 Court Av, Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38103-3410;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
The development of senomorphic drugs to attenuate the senescent phenotype and senolytics to clear pro-inflammatory senescent cells to treat aging-associated disorders is being hotly pursued. The effort is complicated by the fact that senescent cells play a constructive role in some cellular processes such as tissue repair and wound healing. However, concerns about efficacy, which senescent cells to target, and unwanted side effects have created potential roadblocks. Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells directed against urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), which is expressed on at least a subset of senescent cells (SC) in atherosclerotic plaques and fibrotic livers, removed SC and improved glucose metabolism. A conventional vaccine targeting CD153-expressing senescent T-cells, also improved glucose metabolism in obese mice. Recent work to selectively target senescent cells associated with several pathologies has resulted in the creation of a peptide vaccine that primarily targets endothelial cells expressing high levels of GPNMB, recently identified as a biomarker of senescence. The vaccine reduces atherosclerotic plaque burden and metabolic dysfunction such as glucose intolerance in mouse models of obesity and atherosclerosis. For translation to humans the activity of the vaccine will need to be tightly controlled, as the target, GPNMB has multiple roles in normal physiology including acting to inhibit and possibly resolve inflammation. A promising alternative approach would be to use passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody directed against GPNMB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Mendelsohn
- Panorama Research Institute, 1230 Bordeaux Dr, Sunnyvale, California, United States, 94089.,Regenerative Sciences Institute, 1230 Bordeaux Dr, Sunnyvale, California, United States, 94089;
| | - James Larrick
- Panorama Research Institute, 1230 Bordeaux Drive, Sunnyvale, California, United States, 94089;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu Y, Gao B, Qi X, Bai L, Li B, Bao H, Wu X, Wu X, Zhao Y. Circular RNA ATAD1 is upregulated in acute myeloid leukemia and promotes cancer cell proliferation by downregulating miR-34b via promoter methylation. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:799. [PMID: 34630706 PMCID: PMC8477150 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study has reported the oncogenic role of circular RNA (circ)-ATAD1 in gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of circ-ATAD1 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Bone marrow mononuclear cells were collected from 60 patients with AML and 60 healthy controls, followed by RNA isolation and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR to assess the expression of circ-ATAD1 and microRNA (miR)-34b. A subcellular fractionation assay was used to determine the subcellular location of circ-ATAD1 in AML cells. Furthermore, circ-ATAD1 and miR-34b were overexpressed in AML cells to study crosstalk between the two molecules. The effect of circ-ATAD1 overexpression on miR-34b gene methylation was also analyzed by methylation-specific PCR, and the roles of circ-ATAD1 and miR-34b in the regulation of AML cell proliferation were analyzed by BrdU assay. circ-ATAD1 expression was found to be elevated, and inversely correlated with that of miR-34b, in patients with AML. Subcellular fractionation assays showed that circ-ATAD1 was specifically expressed in the nucleus. In addition, circ-ATAD1 overexpression in AML cells decreased miR-34b expression and increased miR-34b gene methylation. Moreover, AML cell proliferation was increased by circ-ATAD1 overexpression, but decreased by miR-34b overexpression, and the effect of circ-ATAD1 overexpression on AML cell proliferation was reduced by miR-34b overexpression. Together, these results indicate circ-ATAD1 as a nucleus-specific circRNA in AML, which promotes AML cell proliferation by downregulating miR-34b via methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Wu
- Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, P.R. China
| | - Bingjun Gao
- Department of Osteology, The People's Hospital of Danyang, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu 212300, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Qi
- Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 137499, P.R. China
| | - Liyun Bai
- Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 137499, P.R. China
| | - Bixin Li
- Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 137499, P.R. China
| | - Hongjing Bao
- Department of Ultrasound, The People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 137499, P.R. China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 137499, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Department of Technology, Research Center for Hua-Da Precision Medicine of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 010000, P.R. China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The People's Hospital of Xing'an League, Ulanhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 137499, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Attenuation of age-elevated blood factors by repositioning plasmapheresis: A novel perspective and approach. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103162. [PMID: 34083162 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the impairment of stem cell activation, leading to the functional decline of tissues and increasing the risk for age-associated diseases. The old, damaged or unrepaired tissues disturb distant tissue homeostasis by secreting factors into the circulation, which may not only serve as biomarkers for specific age-associated pathologies but also induce a variety of degenerative phenotypes. In this review, we summarize and discuss systemic determinants that perpetuate age-related tissue dysfunction. We further elaborate on the effects of attenuating these circulating factors by highlighting recent advances which utilize plasmapheresis in a pre-clinical or clinical setting. Overall, we postulate that repositioning therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) to dilute the systemic factors, which become deleterious at their age-elevated levels, could be a rapidly effective rejuvenation therapy that recalibrates crucial signaling pathways to a youthful state.
Collapse
|
13
|
Rybtsova N, Berezina T, Kagansky A, Rybtsov S. Can Blood-Circulating Factors Unveil and Delay Your Biological Aging? Biomedicines 2020; 8:E615. [PMID: 33333870 PMCID: PMC7765271 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the population of over 60 will double in the next 30 years in the developed countries, which will enforce a further raise of the retirement age and increase the burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, there is an acute issue of maintaining health and prolonging active working longevity, as well as implementation of early monitoring and prevention of premature aging and age-related disorders to avoid early disability. Traditional indicators of biological age are not always informative and often require extensive and expensive analysis. The study of blood factors is a simple and easily accessible way to assess individual health and supplement the traditional indicators of a person's biological age with new objective criteria. With age, the processes of growth and development, tissue regeneration and repair decline; they are gradually replaced by enhanced catabolism, inflammatory cell activity, and insulin resistance. The number of senescent cells supporting the inflammatory loop rises; cellular clearance by autophagy and mitophagy slows down, resulting in mitochondrial and cellular damage and dysfunction. Monitoring of circulated blood factors not only reflects these processes, but also allows suggesting medical intervention to prevent or decelerate the development of age-related diseases. We review the age-related blood factors discussed in recent publications, as well as approaches to slowing aging for healthy and active longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rybtsova
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| | - Tatiana Berezina
- Department of Scientific Basis of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 127051 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mehdipour M, Mehdipour T, Skinner CM, Wong N, Liu C, Chen CC, Jeon OH, Zuo Y, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Plasma dilution improves cognition and attenuates neuroinflammation in old mice. GeroScience 2020; 43:1-18. [PMID: 33191466 PMCID: PMC8050203 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent study has established that young blood factors are not causal, nor necessary, for the systemic rejuvenation of mammalian tissues. Instead, a procedure referred to as neutral blood exchange (NBE) that resets signaling milieu to a pro-regenerative state through dilution of old plasma, enhanced the health and repair of the muscle and liver, and promoted better hippocampal neurogenesis in 2-year-old mice (Mehdipour et al., Aging 12:8790–8819, 2020). Here we expand the rejuvenative phenotypes of NBE, focusing on the brain. Namely, our results demonstrate that old mice perform much better in novel object and novel texture (whisker discrimination) tests after a single NBE, which is accompanied by reduced neuroinflammation (less-activated CD68+ microglia). Evidence against attenuation/dilution of peripheral senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) as the main mechanism behind NBE was that the senolytic ABT 263 had limited effects on neuroinflammation and did not enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in the old mice. Interestingly, peripherally acting ABT 263 and NBE both diminished SA-βGal signal in the old brain, demonstrating that peripheral senescence propagates to the brain, but NBE was more robustly rejuvenative than ABT 263, suggesting that rejuvenation was not simply by reducing senescence. Explaining the mechanism of the positive effects of NBE on the brain, our comparative proteomics analysis demonstrated that dilution of old blood plasma yields an increase in the determinants of brain maintenance and repair in mice and in people. These findings confirm the paradigm of rejuvenation through dilution of age-elevated systemic factors and extrapolate it to brain health and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Taha Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Colin M Skinner
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Chien Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and QB3, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ok Hee Jeon
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and QB3, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Spehar K, Pan A, Beerman I. Restoring aged stem cell functionality: Current progress and future directions. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1060-1077. [PMID: 32473067 PMCID: PMC7483369 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction is a hallmark of aging, associated with the decline of physical and cognitive abilities of humans and other mammals [Cell 2013;153:1194]. Therefore, it has become an active area of research within the aging and stem cell fields, and various techniques have been employed to mitigate the decline of stem cell function both in vitro and in vivo. While some techniques developed in model organisms are not directly translatable to humans, others show promise in becoming clinically relevant to delay or even mitigate negative phenotypes associated with aging. This review focuses on diet, treatment, and small molecule interventions that provide evidence of functional improvement in at least one type of aged adult stem cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Spehar
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, BRC, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Pan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Isabel Beerman
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Aging Unit, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, BRC, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sharma SR, Gonda X, Dome P, Tarazi FI. What's Love Got to do with it: Role of oxytocin in trauma, attachment and resilience. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 214:107602. [PMID: 32512017 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohypophysial hormone and neuropeptide produced by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland. It has multiple physiological roles including stimulation of parturition and lactation, and promotion of pro-adaptive social behaviors necessary for mammalian survival. OT interacts with one receptor subtype: the OT receptor (OTR) which, upon stimulation, triggers different intracellular signal transduction cascades to mediate its physiological actions. Preclinical studies show that OT regulates social behaviors such as pair bonding, recognition and social interaction. It also coordinates the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the release of corticotrophin-releasing hormone. Further evidence suggests that OT plays an important role in regulating caloric intake and metabolism, and in maintaining electrolyte and cardiovascular homeostasis. OT is also involved in attenuating the neurophysiological and neurochemical effects of trauma on the brain and body by facilitating both physical attachment such as wound healing, and psychological/social attachment, thereby increasing resilience to subsequent traumatic events. Clinical trials have reported that intranasal administration of OT provides therapeutic benefits for patients diagnosed with traumatic stress-related diseases such as major depressive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. OT's therapeutic benefits may result from context-dependent interactions with key neural pathways (social, cognitive, and reward), neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and endogenous opioids), and biomarkers (adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate), that lead to a decrease in stress -associated behaviors, and facilitate post-traumatic growth, ultimately leading to increased resilience, through improved social cohesion and attachment. OT induced-augmentation of physical and cognitive resilience may play a significant role in both the prevention of, and improved clinical outcomes for, traumatic stress-related disorders following either acute or enduring traumatic experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samata R Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; MTA-SE Neurochemistry and Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; NAP-2-SE New Antidepressant Target Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Laboratory of Suicide Prevention and Research, National Institute for Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Dome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Laboratory of Suicide Prevention and Research, National Institute for Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank I Tarazi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Program, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mehdipour M, Skinner C, Wong N, Lieb M, Liu C, Etienne J, Kato C, Kiprov D, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Rejuvenation of three germ layers tissues by exchanging old blood plasma with saline-albumin. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:8790-8819. [PMID: 32474458 PMCID: PMC7288913 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterochronic blood sharing rejuvenates old tissues, and most of the studies on how this works focus on young plasma, its fractions, and a few youthful systemic candidates. However, it was not formally established that young blood is necessary for this multi-tissue rejuvenation. Here, using our recently developed small animal blood exchange process, we replaced half of the plasma in mice with saline containing 5% albumin (terming it a "neutral" age blood exchange, NBE) thus diluting the plasma factors and replenishing the albumin that would be diminished if only saline was used. Our data demonstrate that a single NBE suffices to meet or exceed the rejuvenative effects of enhancing muscle repair, reducing liver adiposity and fibrosis, and increasing hippocampal neurogenesis in old mice, all the key outcomes seen after blood heterochronicity. Comparative proteomic analysis on serum from NBE, and from a similar human clinical procedure of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), revealed a molecular re-setting of the systemic signaling milieu, interestingly, elevating the levels of some proteins, which broadly coordinate tissue maintenance and repair and promote immune responses. Moreover, a single TPE yielded functional blood rejuvenation, abrogating the typical old serum inhibition of progenitor cell proliferation. Ectopically added albumin does not seem to be the sole determinant of such rejuvenation, and levels of albumin do not decrease with age nor are increased by NBE/TPE. A model of action (supported by a large body of published data) is that significant dilution of autoregulatory proteins that crosstalk to multiple signaling pathways (with their own feedback loops) would, through changes in gene expression, have long-lasting molecular and functional effects that are consistent with our observations. This work improves our understanding of the systemic paradigms of multi-tissue rejuvenation and suggest a novel and immediate use of the FDA approved TPE for improving the health and resilience of older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Colin Skinner
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Lieb
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jessy Etienne
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cameron Kato
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dobri Kiprov
- California Pacific Medical Center, Apheresis Care Group, San-Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Michael J. Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Irina M. Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mendelsohn AR, Larrick JW. Epigenetic Age Reversal by Cell-Extrinsic and Cell-Intrinsic Means. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 22:439-446. [PMID: 31578938 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2019.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversal of aging by factors or drugs that reprogram adult cells to induced pluripotent stem cells suggests that at least at the cellular level aging may be reversible by resetting somatic cell state to a "ground state." An open question has been whether such rejuvenation is possible in whole organisms, especially in mammals. A related key question is whether rejuvenation can be dissociated from dedifferentiation. Several recent reports suggest that one prominent biomarker of mammalian aging, age-associated DNA methylation (DNAm) state that has been used to create DNAm age (DNAma) clocks, can be partially reversed by intrinsic treatment of cells with sets of reprogramming factors without affecting cell fate. Partial reprogramming using a superset of reprogramming factors applied transiently or subset of Yamanaka factors applied continually can increase regenerative potential, and reverse DNAma, while maintaining cell identity. Alternatively, a cell-extrinsic manipulation can accomplish something similar. A small preliminary clinical trial in humans suggests that systemic treatment with a cocktail of growth hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and metformin could also partially reverse DNAma and at the same time regenerate the thymus, which shrinks with age. Important questions are raised: How completely does reversing DNAma clocks embody a reversal of other age-related phenotypes, such as functional decline in strength, cognition, or immunity? How universal are these epigenetic changes at the tissue and cell levels? For example, do populations of younger stem cells exist that respond to these manipulations and then only confer the appearance of decreasing DNAma as they proliferate and differentiate? Together, these studies have profound implications for the development of antiaging and healthspan-enhancing therapies. A combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic modalities will most likely provide an optimal benefit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Mendelsohn
- Panorama Research Institute, Sunnyvale, California.,Regenerative Sciences Institute, Sunnyvale, California
| | - James W Larrick
- Panorama Research Institute, Sunnyvale, California.,Regenerative Sciences Institute, Sunnyvale, California
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Etienne J, Liu C, Skinner CM, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Skeletal muscle as an experimental model of choice to study tissue aging and rejuvenation. Skelet Muscle 2020; 10:4. [PMID: 32033591 PMCID: PMC7007696 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-020-0222-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is among the most age-sensitive tissues in mammal organisms. Significant changes in its resident stem cells (i.e., satellite cells, SCs), differentiated cells (i.e., myofibers), and extracellular matrix cause a decline in tissue homeostasis, function, and regenerative capacity. Based on the conservation of aging across tissues and taking advantage of the relatively well-characterization of the myofibers and associated SCs, skeletal muscle emerged as an experimental system to study the decline in function and maintenance of old tissues and to explore rejuvenation strategies. In this review, we summarize the approaches for understanding the aging process and for assaying the success of rejuvenation that use skeletal muscle as the experimental system of choice. We further discuss (and exemplify with studies of skeletal muscle) how conflicting results might be due to variations in the techniques of stem cell isolation, differences in the assays of functional rejuvenation, or deciding on the numbers of replicates and experimental cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Etienne
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Colin M Skinner
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3220, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
DiBattista AM, Sierra F, Masliah E. NIA workshop on senescence in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease and its related dementias. GeroScience 2020; 42:389-396. [PMID: 31933065 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Sierra
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cutler RR, Kokovay E. Rejuvenating subventricular zone neurogenesis in the aging brain. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 50:1-8. [PMID: 31756641 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells exist in specialized regions of the brain and have the capacity to give rise to neurons and glia over the lifespan. The process of giving rise to new neurons, also known as neurogenesis, is thought to be important in cognition and certain types of brain repair. However, during aging, neural stem cell number and function is reduced resulting in fewer new neurons and declines in learning, memory and repair. Recently, research has approached this problem through the lens of rejuvenation that now has produced several strategies, from dietary to pharmacological interventions, to restore functional neurogenesis that resembles the youthful brain. Here, we outline aging in the subventricular zone neurogenic niche, review the multiple modalities of rejuvenation strategies, and propose next steps for future studies to approach translational outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Cutler
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Erzsebet Kokovay
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; The Barshop Institute on Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
| |
Collapse
|