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Liu X, Yu H, Yan G, Sun M. Role of blood lipids in mediating the effect of dietary factors on gastroesophageal reflux disease: a two-step mendelian randomization study. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03491-y. [PMID: 39240314 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03491-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing studies have indicated an association between dietary factors and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, whether these associations refer to a causal relationship and the potential mechanism by which dietary factors affect GERD is still unclear. METHODS A two-step mendelian randomization analysis was performed to obtain causal estimates of dietary factors, blood lipids on GERD. Independent genetic variants associated with 13 kinds of dietary factors and 5 kinds of blood lipids at the genome-wide significance level were selected as instrumental variables. The summary statistics for GERD were obtained from European Bioinformatics Institute, including 129,080 cases and 473,524 controls. Inverse variance weighted was utilized as the main statistical method. MR-Egger intercept test, Cochran's Q test, and leave-one-out analysis were performed to evaluate possible heterogeneity and pleiotropy. And the potential reverse causality was assessed using Steiger filtering. RESULTS The results of the inverse variance weighted method indicated that genetically predicted total pork intake (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.21-5.58, p = 0.0143), total bread intake (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.46-0.99, p = 0.0497), total cereal intake (OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.31-0.56, p = 2.98E-06), and total cheese intake (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.27-0.61, p = 1.06E-05) were associated with the risk of GERD. Multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis also revealed a negative association between total cereal intake, total cheese intake and the risk of GERD, but the effect of total pork intake and total bread intake on GERD disappeared after adjustment of smoking, alcohol consumption, use of calcium channel blockers, BMI, physical activity levels, and biological sex (age adjusted). Furthermore, the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is negatively correlated with total cheese intake, which mediates the impact of total cheese intake on GERD. The proportion mediated by LDL-C is 2.27% (95%CI: 1.57%, 4.09%). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that an increase in total cereal intake and total cheese intake will decrease the risk of GERD. Additionally, LDL-C mediates the causal effect of total cheese intake on GERD. These results provide new insights into the role of dietary factors and blood lipids in GERD, which is beneficial for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Han Yu
- School of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guanyu Yan
- Department of Endoscopy, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Zhu M, Li Y, Wang W, Liu Y, Tong T, Liu Y. Development, validation and visualization of a web-based nomogram for predicting risk of new-onset diabetes after percutaneous coronary intervention. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13652. [PMID: 38871809 PMCID: PMC11176295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Simple and practical tools for screening high-risk new-onset diabetes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (NODAP) are urgently needed to improve post-PCI prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for NODAP and develop an online prediction tool using conventional variables based on a multicenter database. China evidence-based Chinese medicine database consisted of 249, 987 patients from 4 hospitals in mainland China. Patients ≥ 18 years with implanted coronary stents for acute coronary syndromes and did not have diabetes before PCI were enrolled in this study. According to the occurrence of new-onset diabetes mellitus after PCI, the patients were divided into NODAP and Non-NODAP. After least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and logistic regression, the model features were selected and then the nomogram was developed and plotted. Model performance was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test and decision curve analysis. The nomogram was also externally validated at a different hospital. Subsequently, we developed an online visualization tool and a corresponding risk stratification system to predict the risk of developing NODAP after PCI based on the model. A total of 2698 patients after PCI (1255 NODAP and 1443 non-NODAP) were included in the final analysis based on the multicenter database. Five predictors were identified after screening: fasting plasma glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, family history of diabetes and use of diuretics. And then we developed a web-based nomogram ( https://mr.cscps.com.cn/wscoringtool/index.html ) incorporating the above conventional factors for predicting patients at high risk for NODAP. The nomogram showed good discrimination, calibration and clinical utility and could accurately stratify patients into different NODAP risks. We developed a simple and practical web-based nomogram based on multicenter database to screen for NODAP risk, which can assist clinicians in accurately identifying patients at high risk of NODAP and developing post-PCI management strategies to improved patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 of Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Group, China Center for Evidence-Based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 of Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Group, China Center for Evidence-Based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 of Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Group, China Center for Evidence-Based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 of Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Group, China Center for Evidence-Based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiejun Tong
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for TCM Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.1 of Xiyuan Caochang, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Cardiovascular Disease Group, China Center for Evidence-Based Medicine of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- The Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Lin YC, Tu HP, Wang TN. Blood lipid profile, HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes: a cohort study and a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:913-925. [PMID: 37878156 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02209-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. The associations between the lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting glucose, and diabetes remain unclear, so we aimed to perform a cohort study and a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causality between blood lipid profile and HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes. METHODS A total of 25,171 participants from the Taiwan Biobank were enrolled. We applied a cohort study and an MR study to assess the association between blood lipid profile and HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes. The summary statistics were obtained from the Asian Genetic Epidemiology Network (AGEN), and the estimates between the instrumental variables (IVs) and outcomes were calculated using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS In the cohort study, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was negatively associated with HbA1c, fasting glucose, and diabetes, while the causal associations between HDL-C and HbA1c (βIVW = - 0.098, p = 0.003) and diabetes (βIVW = - 0.594, p < 0.001) were also observed. Furthermore, there was no pleiotropy effect in this study using the MR-Egger intercept test and MR-PRESSO global test. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the hypothesis that a genetically determined increase in HDL-C is causally related to a reduction in HbA1c and a lower risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shi-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - H-P Tu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T-N Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Shi-Chuan 1st Rd, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Huang J, Lin H, Wang S, Li M, Wang T, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Xu M, Lu J, Chen Y, Ning G, Wang W, Bi Y, Wang L. Association between serum LDL-C concentrations and risk of diabetes: A prospective cohort study. J Diabetes 2023; 15:881-889. [PMID: 37461165 PMCID: PMC10590678 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and diabetes mellitus are both modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease; however, whether elevated LDL-C levels confer a risk for diabetes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the association between serum LDL-C concentrations at baseline and the risk of developing diabetes at follow-up in the general population of Chinese adults. METHODS This study included 5274 adults aged ≥ 40 years from a community cohort who were without diabetes and followed for a median of 4.4 years. A standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was conducted at baseline and follow-up visits to diagnose diabetes. Logistic regression models and a restricted cubic spline were used to examine the association between baseline serum LDL-C levels and the risk of diabetes development. Subgroup analyses were conducted stratifying on age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, family history of diabetes, and LDL-C levels. RESULTS A total of 652 participants (12%) developed diabetes during the follow-up period. Compared to quartile 1 of serum LDL-C, quartiles 2, 3, and 4 were associated with a 30%, 33%, and 30% significantly higher risk of diabetes, respectively after adjustment for confounders including homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. The linear relationship between baseline LDL-C down to 30.1 mg/dL and incident diabetes was demonstrated by restricted cubic spline analysis, and each 1-SD increase in LDL-C concentration (28.5 mg/dL) was associated with a 12% increase in the risk of diabetes (odds ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.22). CONCLUSION In this community-based general population, higher serum LDL-C levels were linearly associated with an elevated risk of incident diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Huang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesShanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health CommissionShanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Guo X, Wei W, Liu M, Cai T, Wu C, Wang J. Assessing the Most Vulnerable Subgroup to Type II Diabetes Associated with Statin Usage: Evidence from Electronic Health Record Data. J Am Stat Assoc 2023; 118:1488-1499. [PMID: 38223220 PMCID: PMC10786632 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2022.2157727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There have been increased concerns that the use of statins, one of the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating coronary artery disease, is potentially associated with the increased risk of new-onset Type II diabetes (T2D). Nevertheless, to date, there is no robust evidence supporting as to whether and what kind of populations are indeed vulnerable for developing T2D after taking statins. In this case study, leveraging the biobank and electronic health record data in the Partner Health System, we introduce a new data analysis pipeline and a novel statistical methodology that address existing limitations by (i) designing a rigorous causal framework that systematically examines the causal effects of statin usage on T2D risk in observational data, (ii) uncovering which patient subgroup is most vulnerable for developing T2D after taking statins, and (iii) assessing the replicability and statistical significance of the most vulnerable subgroup via a bootstrap calibration procedure. Our proposed approach delivers asymptotically sharp confidence intervals and debiased estimate for the treatment effect of the most vulnerable subgroup in the presence of high-dimensional covariates. With our proposed approach, we find that females with high T2D genetic risk are at the highest risk of developing T2D due to statin usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhou Guo
- Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Waverly Wei
- Division of Biostatistics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Molei Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY
| | - Tianxi Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Chong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jingshen Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
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Common and Rare PCSK9 Variants Associated with Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and the Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810418. [PMID: 36142332 PMCID: PMC9499600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PCSK9 is a candidate locus for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The cause–effect relationship between LDL-C levels and diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested to be mechanism-specific. To identify the role of PCSK9 and genome-wide association study (GWAS)-significant variants in LDL-C levels and the risk of DM by using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, a total of 75,441 Taiwan Biobank (TWB) participants was enrolled for a GWAS to determine common and rare PCSK9 variants and their associations with LDL-C levels. MR studies were also conducted to determine the association of PCSK9 variants and LDL-C GWAS-associated variants with DM. A regional plot association study with conditional analysis of the PCSK9 locus revealed that PCSK9 rs10788994, rs557211, rs565436, and rs505151 exhibited genome-wide significant associations with serum LDL-C levels. Imputation data revealed that three rare nonsynonymous mutations—namely, rs151193009, rs768846693, and rs757143429—exhibited genome-wide significant association with LDL-C levels. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that seven variants exhibited independent associations with LDL-C levels. On the basis of two-stage least squares regression (2SLS), MR analyses conducted using weighted genetic risk scores (WGRSs) of seven PCSK9 variants or WGRSs of 41 LDL-C GWAS-significant variants revealed significant association with prevalent DM (p = 0.0098 and 5.02 × 10−7, respectively), which became nonsignificant after adjustment for LDL-C levels. A sensitivity analysis indicated no violation of the exclusion restriction assumption regarding the influence of LDL-C-level-determining genotypes on the risk of DM. Common and rare PCSK9 variants are independently associated with LDL-C levels in the Taiwanese population. The results of MR analyses executed using genetic instruments based on WGRSs derived from PCSK9 variants or LDL-C GWAS-associated variants demonstrate an inverse association between LDL-C levels and DM.
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Sheng G, Kuang M, Yang R, Zhong Y, Zhang S, Zou Y. Evaluation of the value of conventional and unconventional lipid parameters for predicting the risk of diabetes in a non-diabetic population. J Transl Med 2022; 20:266. [PMID: 35690771 PMCID: PMC9188037 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03470-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional and unconventional lipid parameters are associated with diabetes risk, the comparative studies on lipid parameters for predicting future diabetes risk, however, are still extremely limited, and the value of conventional and unconventional lipid parameters in predicting future diabetes has not been evaluated. This study was designed to determine the predictive value of conventional and unconventional lipid parameters for the future development of diabetes. METHODS The study was a longitudinal follow-up study of 15,464 participants with baseline normoglycemia. At baseline, conventional lipid parameters such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured/calculated, and unconventional lipid parameters such as non-HDL-C, remnant cholesterol (RC), LDL/HDL-C ratio, TG/HDL-C ratio, non-HDL/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C ratio and RC/HDL-C ratio were calculated. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazard regression adjusting for demographic and diabetes-related risk factors. The predictive value and threshold fluctuation intervals of baseline conventional and unconventional lipid parameters for future diabetes were evaluated by the time-dependent receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve. RESULTS The incidence rate of diabetes was 3.93 per 1000 person-years during an average follow-up period of 6.13 years. In the baseline non-diabetic population, only TG and HDL-C among the conventional lipid parameters were associated with future diabetes risk, while all the unconventional lipid parameters except non-HDL-C were significantly associated with future diabetes risk. In contrast, unconventional lipid parameters reflected diabetes risk better than conventional lipid parameters, and RC/HDL-C ratio was the best lipid parameter to reflect the risk of diabetes (HR: 6.75, 95% CI 2.40-18.98). Sensitivity analysis further verified the robustness of this result. Also, time-dependent ROC curve analysis showed that RC, non-HDL/HDL-C ratio, and TC/HDL-C ratio were the best lipid parameters for predicting the risk of medium-and long-term diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Unconventional lipid parameters generally outperform conventional lipid parameters in assessing and predicting future diabetes risk. It is suggested that unconventional lipid parameters should also be routinely evaluated in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotai Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Maobin Kuang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ruijuan Yang
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanjia Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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De Silva K, Demmer RT, Jönsson D, Mousa A, Teede H, Forbes A, Enticott J. Causality of anthropometric markers associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome: Findings of a Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269191. [PMID: 35679284 PMCID: PMC9182303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Using body mass index (BMI) as a proxy, previous Mendelian randomization (MR) studies found total causal effects of general obesity on polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Hitherto, total and direct causal effects of general- and central obesity on PCOS have not been comprehensively analyzed. Objectives To investigate the causality of central- and general obesity on PCOS using surrogate anthropometric markers. Methods Summary GWAS data of female-only, large-sample cohorts of European ancestry were retrieved for anthropometric markers of central obesity (waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) and general obesity (BMI and its constituent variables–weight and height), from the IEU Open GWAS Project. As the outcome, we acquired summary data from a large-sample GWAS (118870 samples; 642 cases and 118228 controls) within the FinnGen cohort. Total causal effects were assessed via univariable two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR). Genetic architectures underlying causal associations were explored. Direct causal effects were analyzed by multivariable MR modelling. Results Instrumental variables demonstrated no weak instrument bias (F > 10). Four anthropometric exposures, namely, weight (2.69–77.05), BMI (OR: 2.90–4.06), WC (OR: 6.22–20.27), and HC (OR: 6.22–20.27) demonstrated total causal effects as per univariable 2SMR models. We uncovered shared and non-shared genetic architectures underlying causal associations. Direct causal effects of WC and HC on PCOS were revealed by two multivariable MR models containing exclusively the anthropometric markers of central obesity. Other multivariable MR models containing anthropometric markers of both central- and general obesity showed no direct causal effects on PCOS. Conclusions Both and general- and central obesity yield total causal effects on PCOS. Findings also indicated potential direct causal effects of normal weight-central obesity and more complex causal mechanisms when both central- and general obesity are present. Results underscore the importance of addressing both central- and general obesity for optimizing PCOS care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushan De Silva
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryan T. Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Daniel Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Public Dental Service of Skane, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aya Mousa
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Helena Teede
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Andrew Forbes
- Biostatistics Unit, Division of Research Methodology, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne Enticott
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Ye C, Wang Y, Kong L, Zhao Z, Li M, Xu Y, Xu M, Lu J, Wang S, Lin H, Chen Y, Wang W, Ning G, Bi Y, Wang T. Comprehensive risk profiles of family history and lifestyle and metabolic risk factors in relation to diabetes: A prospective cohort study. J Diabetes 2022; 14:414-424. [PMID: 35762391 PMCID: PMC9366567 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of diabetes, unhealthy lifestyles, and metabolic disorders are individually associated with higher risk of diabetes, but how different combinations of the three risk categories are associated with incident diabetes remains unclear. We aimed to estimate the associations of comprehensive risk profiles of family history and lifestyle and metabolic risk factors with diabetes risk. METHODS This study included 5290 participants without diabetes at baseline with a mean follow-up of 4.4 years. Five unhealthy lifestyles and five metabolic disorders were each allocated a score, resulting in an aggregated lifestyle and metabolic risk score ranging from 0 to 5. Eight risk profiles were constructed from combinations of three risk categories: family history of diabetes (yes, no), lifestyle risk (high, low), and metabolic risk (high, low). RESULTS Compared with the profile without any risk category, other profiles exhibited incrementally higher risks of diabetes with increasing numbers of categories: the hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) for diabetes ranged from 1.34 (1.01-1.79) to 2.33 (1.60-3.39) for profiles with one risk category, ranged from 2.42 (1.45-4.04) to 4.18 (2.42-7.21) for profiles with two risk categories, and was 4.59 (2.85-7.39) for the profile with three risk categories. The associations between the numbers of risk categories and diabetes risk were more prominent in women (pinteraction = .025) and slightly more prominent in adults <55 years (pinteraction = .052). CONCLUSIONS This study delineated associations between comprehensive risk profiles with diabetes risk, with stronger associations observed in women and slightly stronger associations in adults younger than 55 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Ye
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yiying Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lijie Kong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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10
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Association of LDL:HDL ratio with prediabetes risk: a longitudinal observational study based on Chinese adults. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:44. [PMID: 35570291 PMCID: PMC9107720 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-density lipoprotein:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL:HDL ratio) has a good performance in identifying diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance. However, it is not yet clear whether the LDL:HDL ratio is associated with a high-risk state of prediabetes. Methods This cohort study retrospectively analyzed the data of 100,309 Chinese adults with normoglycemia at baseline. The outcome event of interest was new-onset prediabetes. Using multivariate Cox regression and smoothing splines to assess the association of LDL:HDL ratio with prediabetes. Results During an average observation period of 37.4 months, 12,352 (12.31%) subjects were newly diagnosed with prediabetes. After adequate adjustment for important risk factors, the LDL:HDL ratio was positively correlated with the prediabetes risk, and the sensitivity analysis further suggested the robustness of the results. Additionally, in stratified analysis, we discovered significant interactions between LDL:HDL ratio and family history of DM, sex, body mass index and age (all P-interaction < 0.05); among them, the LDL:HDL ratio-related prediabetes risk decreased with the growth of body mass index and age, and increased significantly in women and people with a family history of DM. Conclusions The increased LDL:HDL ratio in the Chinese population indicates an increased risk of developing prediabetes, especially in women, those with a family history of DM, younger adults, and non-obese individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-022-01655-5.
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11
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Soremekun O, Karhunen V, He Y, Rajasundaram S, Liu B, Gkatzionis A, Soremekun C, Udosen B, Musa H, Silva S, Kintu C, Mayanja R, Nakabuye M, Machipisa T, Mason A, Vujkovic M, Zuber V, Soliman M, Mugisha J, Nash O, Kaleebu P, Nyirenda M, Chikowore T, Nitsch D, Burgess S, Gill D, Fatumo S. Lipid traits and type 2 diabetes risk in African ancestry individuals: A Mendelian Randomization study. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103953. [PMID: 35325778 PMCID: PMC8941323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemia is highly prevalent in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous studies have sought to disentangle the causal relationship between dyslipidaemia and T2DM liability. However, conventional observational studies are vulnerable to confounding. Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies (which address this bias) on lipids and T2DM liability have focused on European ancestry individuals, with none to date having been performed in individuals of African ancestry. We therefore sought to use MR to investigate the causal effect of various lipid traits on T2DM liability in African ancestry individuals. METHODS Using univariable and multivariable two-sample MR, we leveraged summary-level data for lipid traits and T2DM liability from the African Partnership for Chronic Disease Research (APCDR) (N = 13,612, 36.9% men) and from African ancestry individuals in the Million Veteran Program (Ncases = 23,305 and Ncontrols = 30,140, 87.2% men), respectively. Genetic instruments were thus selected from the APCDR after which they were clumped to obtain independent instruments. We used a random-effects inverse variance weighted method in our primary analysis, complementing this with additional sensitivity analyses robust to the presence of pleiotropy. FINDINGS Increased genetically proxied low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were associated with increased T2DM liability in African ancestry individuals (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval, P-value] per standard deviation (SD) increase in LDL-C = 1.052 [1.000 to 1.106, P = 0.046] and per SD increase in TC = 1.089 [1.014 to 1.170, P = 0.019]). Conversely, increased genetically proxied high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was associated with reduced T2DM liability (OR per SD increase in HDL-C = 0.915 [0.843 to 0.993, P = 0.033]). The OR on T2DM per SD increase in genetically proxied triglyceride (TG) levels was 0.884 [0.773 to 1.011, P = 0.072] . With respect to lipid-lowering drug targets, we found that genetically proxied 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibition was associated with increased T2DM liability (OR per SD decrease in genetically proxied LDL-C = 1.68 [1.03-2.72, P = 0.04]) but we did not find evidence of a relationship between genetically proxied proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition and T2DM liability. INTERPRETATION Consistent with MR findings in Europeans, HDL-C exerts a protective effect on T2DM liability and HMGCR inhibition increases T2DM liability in African ancestry individuals. However, in contrast to European ancestry individuals, LDL-C may increase T2DM liability in African ancestry individuals. This raises the possibility of ethnic differences in the metabolic effects of dyslipidaemia in T2DM. FUNDING See the Acknowledgements section for more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Soremekun
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Yiyan He
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Skanda Rajasundaram
- Kellogg College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bowen Liu
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Apostolos Gkatzionis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Chisom Soremekun
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Brenda Udosen
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Hanan Musa
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Sarah Silva
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda; Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology (NCDE), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Christopher Kintu
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Richard Mayanja
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Mariam Nakabuye
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Tafadzwa Machipisa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town & Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases Research in Africa (HICRA) & Cape Heart Institute (CHI), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, 237 Barton Street East, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Amy Mason
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Verena Zuber
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical School Building, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mahmoud Soliman
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Oyekanmi Nash
- H3Africa Bioinformatics Network (H3ABioNet) Node, Centre for Genomics Research and Innovation, NABDA/FMST, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Tinashe Chikowore
- Department of Pediatrics, MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Faculty of Health Sciences, Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology (NCDE), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Medical School Building, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK; Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research group, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda; MRC/UVRI and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda; Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology (NCDE), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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12
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O’Connor MJ, Schroeder P, Huerta-Chagoya A, Cortés-Sánchez P, Bonàs-Guarch S, Guindo-Martínez M, Cole JB, Kaur V, Torrents D, Veerapen K, Grarup N, Kurki M, Rundsten CF, Pedersen O, Brandslund I, Linneberg A, Hansen T, Leong A, Florez JC, Mercader JM. Recessive Genome-Wide Meta-analysis Illuminates Genetic Architecture of Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:554-565. [PMID: 34862199 PMCID: PMC8893948 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of complex traits are performed using models with additive allelic effects. Hundreds of loci associated with type 2 diabetes have been identified using this approach. Additive models, however, can miss loci with recessive effects, thereby leaving potentially important genes undiscovered. We conducted the largest GWAS meta-analysis using a recessive model for type 2 diabetes. Our discovery sample included 33,139 case subjects and 279,507 control subjects from 7 European-ancestry cohorts, including the UK Biobank. We identified 51 loci associated with type 2 diabetes, including five variants undetected by prior additive analyses. Two of the five variants had minor allele frequency of <5% and were each associated with more than a doubled risk in homozygous carriers. Using two additional cohorts, FinnGen and a Danish cohort, we replicated three of the variants, including one of the low-frequency variants, rs115018790, which had an odds ratio in homozygous carriers of 2.56 (95% CI 2.05-3.19; P = 1 × 10-16) and a stronger effect in men than in women (for interaction, P = 7 × 10-7). The signal was associated with multiple diabetes-related traits, with homozygous carriers showing a 10% decrease in LDL cholesterol and a 20% increase in triglycerides; colocalization analysis linked this signal to reduced expression of the nearby PELO gene. These results demonstrate that recessive models, when compared with GWAS using the additive approach, can identify novel loci, including large-effect variants with pathophysiological consequences relevant to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Philip Schroeder
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Joanne B. Cole
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Basic and Translations Obesity Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Varinderpal Kaur
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - David Torrents
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kumar Veerapen
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mitja Kurki
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Carsten F. Rundsten
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aaron Leong
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Josep M. Mercader
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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13
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Cheng Q, Qiu T, Chai X, Sun B, Xia Y, Shi X, Liu J. MR-Corr2: a two-sample Mendelian randomization method that accounts for correlated horizontal pleiotropy using correlated instrumental variants. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:303-310. [PMID: 34499127 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Mendelian randomization (MR) is a valuable tool to examine the causal relationships between health risk factors and outcomes from observational studies. Along with the proliferation of genome-wide association studies, a variety of two-sample MR methods for summary data have been developed to account for horizontal pleiotropy (HP), primarily based on the assumption that the effects of variants on exposure (γ) and HP (α) are independent. In practice, this assumption is too strict and can be easily violated because of the correlated HP. RESULTS To account for this correlated HP, we propose a Bayesian approach, MR-Corr2, that uses the orthogonal projection to reparameterize the bivariate normal distribution for γ and α, and a spike-slab prior to mitigate the impact of correlated HP. We have also developed an efficient algorithm with paralleled Gibbs sampling. To demonstrate the advantages of MR-Corr2 over existing methods, we conducted comprehensive simulation studies to compare for both type-I error control and point estimates in various scenarios. By applying MR-Corr2 to study the relationships between exposure-outcome pairs in complex traits, we did not identify the contradictory causal relationship between HDL-c and CAD. Moreover, the results provide a new perspective of the causal network among complex traits. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The developed R package and code to reproduce all the results are available at https://github.com/QingCheng0218/MR.Corr2. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cheng
- School of Statistics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China.,Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
| | - Tingting Qiu
- School of Statistics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baoluo Sun
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, NUS, 117546 Singapore
| | - Yingcun Xia
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, NUS, 117546 Singapore
| | - Xingjie Shi
- Academy of Statistics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Faculty of Economics and Management, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Program in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857 Singapore
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14
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Jiang H, Lou P, Chen X, Wu C, Shao S. Deregulation of lncRNA HIST1H2AG-6 and AIM1-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:149. [PMID: 34092238 PMCID: PMC8182924 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is mainly affected by genetic and environmental factors; however, the correlation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with T2DM remains largely unknown. METHODS Microarray analysis was performed to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in patients with T2DM and healthy controls, and the expression of two candidate lncRNAs (lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3) were further validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to measure the degree of association between the two candidate lncRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs. Furthermore, the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway and GO (Gene Ontology) enrichment analysis were used to reveal the biological functions of the two candidate lncRNAs. Additionally, multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed. RESULTS The microarray analysis revealed that there were 55 lncRNAs and 36 mRNAs differentially expressed in patients with T2DM compared with healthy controls. Notably, lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 was significantly upregulated and lnc-AIM1-3 was significantly downregulated in patients with T2DM, which was validated in a large-scale qRT-PCR examination (90 controls and 100 patients with T2DM). Spearman's rank correlation coefficient revealed that both lncRNAs were correlated with 36 differentially expressed mRNAs. Furthermore, functional enrichment (KEGG and GO) analysis demonstrated that the two lncRNA-related mRNAs might be involved in multiple biological functions, including cell programmed death, negative regulation of insulin receptor signal, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3 were significantly correlated with T2DM (OR = 5.791 and 0.071, respectively, both P = 0.000). Furthermore, the ROC curve showed that the expression of lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3 might be used to differentiate patients with T2DM from healthy controls (area under the ROC curve = 0.664 and 0.769, respectively). CONCLUSION The profiles of lncRNA and mRNA were significantly changed in patients with T2DM. The expression levels of lnc-HIST1H2AG-6 and lnc-AIM1-3 genes were significantly correlated with some features of T2DM, which may be used to distinguish patients with T2DM from healthy controls and may serve as potential novel biomarkers for diagnosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Peian Lou
- Xuzhou Center for Disease Control Prevention, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Xiaoluo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Chenguang Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212002, China
| | - Shihe Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ji XW, Feng GS, Li HL, Fang J, Wang J, Shen QM, Han LH, Liu DK, Xiang YB. Gender differences of relationship between serum lipid indices and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey in Chinese elderly adults. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:115. [PMID: 33569417 PMCID: PMC7867915 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the gender differences of the relationships between clinical serum lipid indices and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Chinese elderly adults. Methods Between 2014 and 2016, participants selected from three communities in an urban district of Shanghai were measured for serum lipid indices of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). Age and multivariate adjusted logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of serum lipid indices on T2DM prevalence. Results In total, 4,023 male and 3,862 female participants were included in this study, with the T2DM prevalence proportions of 13.03% and 11.73%, respectively. In association analysis, the serum levels of LDL-c, HDL-c, TC were significant between non-T2DM individuals and T2DM patients in men, but the HDL-c and TG in women. LDL-c/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c ratios were associated with the T2DM prevalence only in women. In the multivariate analysis, a higher serum LDL-c level was positively associated with a reduced risk of T2DM prevalence in men with OR (95% CI) of 0.57 (0.39–0.85) (P=0.006). Higher ratios of LDL-c/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c, and TC/HDL-c were all more likely associated with the decreased risks of T2DM prevalence with the ORs ranging from 0.45 to 0.62 in men (all P<0.05), but not in women. Conclusions High LDL-c concentration was significantly associated with a lower T2DM prevalence in men. A gender difference of the associations between the lipid ratios and T2DM prevalence was observed for LDL-c/HDL-c and TC/HDL-c ratios, which might be validated in female T2DM prevalence in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Ji
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Shan Feng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Ming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Da-Ke Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Fagbohun OF, Olawoye B, Ademakinwa AN, Jolayemi KA, Msagati TAM. Metabolome modulatory effects of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. fruit extracts on oxidative stress, hyperlipidaemic biomarkers in STZ-induced diabetic rats and antidiabetic effects in 3T3 L1 adipocytes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1798-1811. [PMID: 32812253 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of diabetes is considered a global problem, and a cure is yet to be discovered. This study investigated the modulatory effect of Kigelia africana fruit on oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemic biomarkers in STZ-induced diabetic rats, profiled phytoconstituents using GC-TOF-MS and evaluated antidiabetic effects on 3T3 L1 adipocytes. METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats (120-150 g) were divided into six groups (n = 5). Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg) and treated with 100, 200 and 400 of hexane fraction of KA for 28 days. Immunohistochemical evaluation was carried out using avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase (ABI) method. Catalase and SOD activities as well as the levels of total protein, albumin, bilirubin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein were measured. KEY FINDINGS The expressions of oxidative stress and hyperlipidaemic biomarkers alongside fasting blood glucose concentrations were remarkedly decreased in KA-treated diabetic rats. Moreover, there was a significant increase in endocrine cell distribution, area covered with increase in β-cell mass, composition and morphology of KA-treated animals. Additionally, there was constant up-regulation in 3T3 L1 adipocytes due to the presence of phytoconstituents. CONCLUSION Kigelia africana fruit can act as a modulatory agent due to its ameliorative effects against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo F Fagbohun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Olawoye
- Department of Food Science and Technology, First Technical University, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adedeji N Ademakinwa
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde A Jolayemi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), Johannesburg, South Africa
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