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Ye H, Cai T, Shen Y, Zhao L, Zhang H, Yang J, Li F, Chen J, Shui X. MST1 knockdown inhibits osteoarthritis progression through Parkin-mediated mitophagy and Nrf2/NF-κB signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18476. [PMID: 38842136 PMCID: PMC11154837 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complicated disease that involves apoptosis and mitophagy. MST1 is a pro-apoptotic factor. Hence, decreasing its expression plays an anti-apoptotic effect. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of MST1 inhibition on OA and the underlying processes. Immunofluorescence (IF) was used to detect MST1 expression in cartilage tissue. Western Blot, ELISA and IF were used to analyse the expression of inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, apoptosis and mitophagy-associated proteins. MST1 expression in chondrocytes was inhibited using siRNA and shRNA in vitro and in vivo. Haematoxylin-Eosin, Safranin O-Fast Green and alcian blue staining were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of inhibiting MST1. This study discovered that the expression of MST1 was higher in OA patients. Inhibition of MST1 reduced inflammation, ECM degradation and apoptosis and enhanced mitophagy in vitro. MST1 inhibition slows OA progression in vivo. Inhibiting MST1 suppressed apoptosis, inflammation and ECM degradation via promoting Parkin-mediated mitophagy and the Nrf2-NF-κB axis. The results suggest that MST1 is a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoarthritis as its inhibition delays the progression of OA through the Nrf2-NF-κB axis and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hantao Ye
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Tingwen Cai
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Lin Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jianxin Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Feida Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Jiaoxiang Chen
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Xiaolong Shui
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- The Second School of MedicineWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
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Malik S, Chakraborty D, Agnihotri P, Sharma A, Biswas S. Mitochondrial functioning in Rheumatoid arthritis modulated by estrogen: Evidence-based insight into the sex-based influence on mitochondria and disease. Mitochondrion 2024; 76:101854. [PMID: 38403096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Alteration of immune response and synovium microvasculature in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression has been suggested to be associated with mitochondrial functioning. Mitochondria, with maternally inherited DNA, exhibit differential response to the female hormone estrogen. Various epidemiological evidence has also shown the prominence of RA in the female population, depicting the role of estrogen in modulating the pathogenesis of RA. As estrogen regulates the expression of differential proteins and associated signaling pathways of RA, its influence on mitochondrial functioning seems evident. Thus, in this review, the studies related to mitochondria and their relation with estrogen and Rheumatoid arthritis were retrieved. We analyzed the different mitochondrial activities that are altered in RA and the possibility of their estrogenic control. The study expands to in silico analysis, revealing the differential mitochondrial proteins expressed in RA and examining these proteins as potential estrogenic targets. It was found that ALDH2, CASP3, and SOD2 are the major mitochondrial proteins involved in RA progression and are also potent estradiol targets. The analysis establishes the role of mitochondrial proteins in RA progression, which were found to be direct or indirect targets of estrogen, depicting its potential for regulating mitochondrial functions in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Malik
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Debolina Chakraborty
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Prachi Agnihotri
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Alankrita Sharma
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sagarika Biswas
- Department of Integrative and Functional Biology, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Kong H, Han JJ, Gorbachev D, Zhang XA. Role of the Hippo pathway in autoimmune diseases. Exp Gerontol 2024; 185:112336. [PMID: 38042379 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The immune system is an important defense against diseases, and it is essential to maintain the homeostasis of the body's internal environment. Under normal physiological conditions, the steady state of the immune system should be sustained to play normal immune response and immune function. Exploring the molecular mechanism of maintaining immune homeostasis under physiological and pathological conditions will provides understanding of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, infections, metabolic disorders, and tumors, as well as new ideas and molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Hippo signaling pathway can not only regulate immune cells such as macrophages, T cells and dendritic cells, but also interact with immune-related signaling pathways such as NF-kB signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, so as to resist the internal environment disorder caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogenic microorganisms and maintain the internal environment stability and physiological balance of the body. Hippo signaling pathway is also involved in the pathological process of immune system-related diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. Hippo pathway is closely related to organ development, stem cell biology, regeneration, and tumor biology. It affects cell differentiation by participating in extracellular and intracellular physiological signal reactions, sensing cell environment, and coordinating cell reactions. This pathway is crucial in maintaining immune homeostasis. This review summarizes the mechanism of Hippo pathway in different immune cells and some autoimmune diseases and the interaction between different immune signaling pathways and Hippo signaling pathway. It aims to explore the role of Hippo in autoimmune diseases and provide theoretical and practical basis for the treatment of autoimmune diseases through Hippo signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kong
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Xin-An Zhang
- College of Exercise and Health, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, China.
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Shao Y, Wang Y, Sun L, Zhou S, Xu J, Xing D. MST1: A future novel target for cardiac diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124296. [PMID: 37011743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Major heart diseases pose a serious threat to human health. Finding early diagnostic markers and key therapeutic targets is an urgent scientific problem in this field. Mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1) is a protein kinase, and the occurrence of many heart diseases is related to the continuous activation of the MST1 gene. With the deepening of the research, the potential role of MST1 in promoting the development of heart disease has become more apparent. Therefore, to better understand the role of MST1 in the pathogenesis of heart disease, this work systematically summarizes the role of MST1 in the pathogenesis of heart disease, gives a comprehensive overview of its possible strategies in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, and analyzes its potential significance as a marker for the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Shao
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li Sun
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Sha Zhou
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiazhen Xu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Adams DM, Reay WR, Cairns MJ. Multiomic prioritisation of risk genes for anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-9. [PMID: 36803885 PMCID: PMC10600818 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disorder associated with marked morbidity. Whilst AN genetic studies could identify novel treatment targets, integration of functional genomics data, including transcriptomics and proteomics, would assist to disentangle correlated signals and reveal causally associated genes. METHODS We used models of genetically imputed expression and splicing from 14 tissues, leveraging mRNA, protein, and mRNA alternative splicing weights to identify genes, proteins, and transcripts, respectively, associated with AN risk. This was accomplished through transcriptome, proteome, and spliceosome-wide association studies, followed by conditional analysis and finemapping to prioritise candidate causal genes. RESULTS We uncovered 134 genes for which genetically predicted mRNA expression was associated with AN after multiple-testing correction, as well as four proteins and 16 alternatively spliced transcripts. Conditional analysis of these significantly associated genes on other proximal association signals resulted in 97 genes independently associated with AN. Moreover, probabilistic finemapping further refined these associations and prioritised putative causal genes. The gene WDR6, for which increased genetically predicted mRNA expression was correlated with AN, was strongly supported by both conditional analyses and finemapping. Pathway analysis of genes revealed by finemapping identified the pathway regulation of immune system process (overlapping genes = MST1, TREX1, PRKAR2A, PROS1) as statistically overrepresented. CONCLUSIONS We leveraged multiomic datasets to genetically prioritise novel risk genes for AN. Multiple-lines of evidence support that WDR6 is associated with AN, whilst other prioritised genes were enriched within immune related pathways, further supporting the role of the immune system in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M. Adams
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Centre for Complex Disease Neurobiology and Precision Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - William R. Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Centre for Complex Disease Neurobiology and Precision Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray J. Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Centre for Complex Disease Neurobiology and Precision Medicine, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Jing W, Liu C, Su C, Liu L, Chen P, Li X, Zhang X, Yuan B, Wang H, Du X. Role of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage in rheumatoid arthritis and targeted drugs. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1107670. [PMID: 36845127 PMCID: PMC9948260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1107670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, pannus formation, and bone and cartilage damage. It has a high disability rate. The hypoxic microenvironment of RA joints can cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial damage, which not only affect the metabolic processes of immune cells and pathological changes in fibroblastic synovial cells but also upregulate the expression of several inflammatory pathways, ultimately promoting inflammation. Additionally, ROS and mitochondrial damage are involved in angiogenesis and bone destruction, thereby accelerating RA progression. In this review, we highlighted the effects of ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage on inflammatory response, angiogenesis, bone and cartilage damage in RA. Additionally, we summarized therapies that target ROS or mitochondria to relieve RA symptoms and discuss the gaps in research and existing controversies, hoping to provide new ideas for research in this area and insights for targeted drug development in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyao Jing
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenghong Su
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Rheumatic and Bone Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangjun Li
- Department of Rheumatic and Bone Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture and Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haidong Wang
- Department of Rheumatic and Bone Disease, Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Haidong Wang, ; Xiaozheng Du,
| | - Xiaozheng Du
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China,*Correspondence: Haidong Wang, ; Xiaozheng Du,
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Ageing and Osteoarthritis Synergically Affect Human Synoviocyte Cells: An In Vitro Study on Sex Differences. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237125. [PMID: 36498698 PMCID: PMC9739144 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects all of the joints, especially those of the elderly. Aging is a natural and irreversible biological process implicated in the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases, such as osteoarthritis. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the main factors involved in osteoarthritis and aging, respectively, with the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin 1β (IL1β) and reactive oxygen species. The aim of the study was to set-up an in vitro model of osteoarthritis and aging, focusing on the sex differences by culturing male and female fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) with IL1β, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), IL1β+H2O2 or a growth medium (control). IL1β+H2O2 reduced the cell viability and microwound healing potential, increased Caspase-3 expression and reactive oxygen species and IL6 production; IL1β increased IL6 production more than the other conditions did; H2O2 increased Caspase-3 expression and reactive oxygen species production; Klotho expression showed no differences among the treatments. The FLSs from female donors demonstrated a better response capacity in unfavorable conditions of inflammation and oxidative stress than those from the male donors did. This study developed culture conditions to mimic the aging and osteoarthritis microenvironment to evaluate the behavior of the FLSs which play a fundamental role in joint homeostasis, focusing on the sex-related aspects that are relevant in the osteoarthritis pathophysiology.
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Li R, Lin W, Kuang Y, Wang J, Xu S, Shen C, Qiu Q, Shi M, Xiao Y, Liang L, Xu H. cGAS/STING signaling in the regulation of rheumatoid synovial aggression. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:431. [PMID: 35571412 PMCID: PMC9096383 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) play a critical role in promoting synovial aggression and joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling plays an important role in controlling a series of cellular biological processes. However, it is still unclear whether cGAS/STING signaling regulates rheumatoid synovial aggression. Methods Cell migration and invasion were detected using a Transwell chamber. Gene expression was measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and protein expression was detected by western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe. F-actin staining and immunofluorescence assays were used to investigate lamellipodia formation and nuclear translocation, respectively. A severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model was established to observe the migration and invasion of RA FLSs in vivo. Results Our results showed that cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA)-induced cGAS/STING activation promoted the in vitro migration and invasion of RA FLSs. Moreover, RA FLSs treated with cGAS or STING short hairpin RNA (shRNA) exhibited reduced invasion into cartilage in the SCID model. Mechanistically, we determined that cGAS/STING activation leads to increased mitochondrial ROS levels, and thereby increases phosphorylation of mammalian sterile 20-like kinase 1 (MST1), a core component of the Hippo pathway, subsequently promoting activation of forkhead box1 (FOXO1). MST1 and FOXO1 knockdown also diminished the migration and invasion of RA FLSs. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cGAS/STING signaling has an important role in regulating rheumatoid synovial aggression and that targeting cGAS/STING may represent a novel potential therapy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiru Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingnan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuyu Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maohua Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, the First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Youjun Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuqin Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanshi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zuo J, Tang J, Lu M, Zhou Z, Li Y, Tian H, Liu E, Gao B, Liu T, Shao P. Glycolysis Rate-Limiting Enzymes: Novel Potential Regulators of Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:779787. [PMID: 34899740 PMCID: PMC8651870 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a classic autoimmune disease characterized by uncontrolled synovial proliferation, pannus formation, cartilage injury, and bone destruction. The specific pathogenesis of RA, a chronic inflammatory disease, remains unclear. However, both key glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes, hexokinase-II (HK-II), phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), as well as indirect rate-limiting enzymes, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of RA. In here, we review the latest literature on the pathogenesis of RA, introduce the pathophysiological characteristics of HK-II, PFK-1/PFKFB3, and PKM2 and their expression characteristics in this autoimmune disease, and systematically assess the association between the glycolytic rate-limiting enzymes and RA from a molecular level. Moreover, we highlight HK-II, PFK-1/PFKFB3, and PKM2 as potential targets for the clinical treatment of RA. There is great potential to develop new anti-rheumatic therapies through safe inhibition or overexpression of glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Zuo
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinshuo Tang
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Nursing, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Li
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Tian
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Enbo Liu
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baoying Gao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Te Liu
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pu Shao
- Department of Orthopeadics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Scientific Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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