1
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Deng X, Luo H, He J, Deng W, Wang D. Omentin-1 ameliorates pulmonary arterial hypertension by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress through AMPKα signaling. Clin Exp Hypertens 2024; 46:2332695. [PMID: 38527024 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2024.2332695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction of the pulmonary artery contributes to hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Omentin-1, as a novel adipocytokine, plays an important protective role against cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect and underlying mechanisms of omentin-1 against PAH remain unclear. METHODS PAH was induced in SD (Sprague & Dawley) rats via a low-oxygen chamber for 4 weeks. Hemodynamic evaluation was undertaken using a PowerLab data acquisition system, and histopathological analysis was stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Endothelial function of pulmonary artery was assessed using wire myography. RESULTS We found that omentin-1 significantly improved pulmonary endothelial function in rats exposed to hypoxia and attenuated PAH. Mechanistically, we found that omentin-1 increased phosphorylated 5'‑adenosine monophosphate‑activated protein kinase (p‑AMPK) level and reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and increased NO production in pulmonary artery from rats exposed to hypoxia. However, the effect of omentin-1 was abolished by treatment with AMPK inhibitor (Compound C). CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a protective effect of omentin-1 in PAH via inhibiting ER stress through AMPKα signaling and provide an agent with translational potential for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daoxin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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2
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Guan L, Ge R, Ma S. Newsights of endoplasmic reticulum in hypoxia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116812. [PMID: 38781866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is important to cells because of its essential functions, including synthesizing three major nutrients and ion transport. When cellular homeostasis is disrupted, ER quality control (ERQC) system is activated effectively to remove misfolded and unfolded proteins through ER-phagy, ER-related degradation (ERAD), and molecular chaperones. When unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER stress are activated, the cell may be suffering a huge blow, and the most probable consequence is apoptosis. The membrane contact points between the ER and sub-organelles contribute to communication between the organelles. The decrease in oxygen concentration affects the morphology and structure of the ER, thereby affecting its function and further disrupting the stable state of cells, leading to the occurrence of disease. In this study, we describe the functions of ER-, ERQC-, and ER-related membrane contact points and their changes under hypoxia, which will help us further understand ER and treat ER-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guan
- Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Shuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Fundamentals of High Altitude Medicine, (Qinghai-Utah Joint Key Laboratory of Plateau Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China; Laboratory for High Altitude Medicine of Qinghai Province, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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3
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Zhang J, Li X, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Ma L, Wang S, Guo X, Li H, Pan B, Niu Q. Role of the RIP3-PGAM5-Drp1 pathway in aluminum-induced PC12 cells necroptosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115860. [PMID: 38142589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies from diverse global regions suggest a correlation between the accumulation of aluminum in the brain and the onset of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, of which, neuronal cells death happen. Our previous research has found the potential of aluminum to induce neuronal cell death. A comprehensive exploration of the regulatory pathways influenced by aluminum in neuronal cell death could contribute to the development of strategies aimed at preventing the detrimental impact of aluminum on neuronal cells. This study is dedicated to exploring the impact of aluminum on mitochondrial homeostasis through the RIP3-PGAM5-Drp1 pathway, with a specific focus on its potential role in necroptosis. We observed that the inhibition of RIP3 function and the reduction in PGAM5 protein expression both mitigate aluminum-induced necroptosis in PC12 cells and enhance mitochondrial function. However, the inhibition of PGAM5 protein expression does not exert an impact on the expression of RIP3 and MLKL proteins. In summary, our study posits that aluminum can induce necroptosis in PC12 cells through the RIP3-PGAM5-Drp1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Zhang
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Limin Ma
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Department of Special Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of Tisco), Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Baolong Pan
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China; Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (General Hospital of Tisco), Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Qiao Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China.
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4
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Zanotto TM, Gonçalves AEDSS, Saad MJA. Pulmonary hypertension and insulin resistance: a mechanistic overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1283233. [PMID: 38239990 PMCID: PMC10794542 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1283233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a vascular remodeling disease, characterized by increased blood pressure levels in pulmonary circulation, leading to a restriction in the circulation flow and heart failure. Although the emergence of new PAH therapies has increased survival rates, this disease still has a high mortality and patients that receive diagnosis die within a few years. The pathogenesis of PAH involves multiple pathways, with a complex interaction of local and distant cytokines, hormones, growth factors, and transcription factors, leading to an inflammation that changes the vascular anatomy in PAH patients. These abnormalities involve more than just the lungs, but also other organs, and between these affected organs there are different metabolic dysfunctions implied. Recently, several publications demonstrated in PAH patients a disturbance in glucose metabolism, demonstrated by higher levels of glucose, insulin, and lipids in those patients. It is possible that a common molecular mechanism can have a significant role in this connection. In this regard, this narrative review intends to focus on the recent papers that mainly discuss the molecular determinants between insulin resistance (IR) associated PAH, which included obesity subclinical inflammation induced IR, PPAR gamma and Adiponectin, BMPR2, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Therefore, the following review will summarize some of the existing data for IR associated PAH, focusing on the better understanding of PAH molecular mechanisms, for the development of new translational therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires M. Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departament of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Centre (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mario J. A. Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Departament of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Centre (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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5
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Wang Y, Dai X, Li H, Jiang H, Zhou J, Zhang S, Guo J, Shen L, Yang H, Lin J, Yan H. The role of mitochondrial dynamics in disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e462. [PMID: 38156294 PMCID: PMC10753647 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted and dynamic organelles regulating various important cellular processes from signal transduction to determining cell fate. As dynamic properties of mitochondria, fusion and fission accompanied with mitophagy, undergo constant changes in number and morphology to sustain mitochondrial homeostasis in response to cell context changes. Thus, the dysregulation of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy is unsurprisingly related with various diseases, but the unclear underlying mechanism hinders their clinical application. In this review, we summarize the recent developments in the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, particularly the different roles of key components in mitochondrial dynamics in different context. We also summarize the roles of mitochondrial dynamics and target treatment in diseases related to the cardiovascular system, nervous system, respiratory system, and tumor cell metabolism demanding high-energy. In these diseases, it is common that excessive mitochondrial fission is dominant and accompanied by impaired fusion and mitophagy. But there have been many conflicting findings about them recently, which are specifically highlighted in this view. We look forward that these findings will help broaden our understanding of the roles of the mitochondrial dynamics in diseases and will be beneficial to the discovery of novel selective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Wang
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryQinghai Tibet Plateau Research InstituteSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Xinyan Dai
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryQinghai Tibet Plateau Research InstituteSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hui Li
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Junfu Zhou
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Shiying Zhang
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryQinghai Tibet Plateau Research InstituteSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryQinghai Tibet Plateau Research InstituteSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Lidu Shen
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Huantao Yang
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryQinghai Tibet Plateau Research InstituteSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Jie Lin
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Hengxiu Yan
- Immunotherapy LaboratoryCollege of PharmacologySouthwest Minzu UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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6
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Geng Y, Hu Y, Zhang F, Tuo Y, Ge R, Bai Z. Mitochondria in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, roles and the potential targets. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1239643. [PMID: 37645564 PMCID: PMC10461481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1239643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the centrol hub for cellular energy metabolisms. They regulate fuel metabolism by oxygen levels, participate in physiological signaling pathways, and act as oxygen sensors. Once oxygen deprived, the fuel utilizations can be switched from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis for ATP production. Notably, mitochondria can also adapt to hypoxia by making various functional and phenotypes changes to meet the demanding of oxygen levels. Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension is a life-threatening disease, but its exact pathgenesis mechanism is still unclear and there is no effective treatment available until now. Ample of evidence indicated that mitochondria play key factor in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. By hypoxia-inducible factors, multiple cells sense and transmit hypoxia signals, which then control the expression of various metabolic genes. This activation of hypoxia-inducible factors considered associations with crosstalk between hypoxia and altered mitochondrial metabolism, which plays an important role in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of how hypoxia affects mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial biosynthesis, reactive oxygen homeostasis, and mitochondrial dynamics, to explore the potential of improving mitochondrial function as a strategy for treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Geng
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qinghai Provincial Traffic Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yajun Tuo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Rili Ge
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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7
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Liu Y, Luo Y, Shi X, Lu Y, Li H, Fu G, Li X, Shan L. Role of KLF4/NDRG1/DRP1 axis in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166794. [PMID: 37356737 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) has recently drawn increasing attention because of its involvement in angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and differentiation. We used in vitro [human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs)] and in vivo (rat) models under hypoxic conditions and found a vital role of NDRG1 in reducing apoptosis and increasing proliferation and migration by overexpressing and knocking down NDRG1. We also proved that hypoxia induced the protein expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and stimulated The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/ Protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways, and these effects were reversed by NDRG1 knockdown. The relationship between NDRG1 and DRP1 and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was further evaluated by adding mdivi-1 (DRP1 inhibitor) or LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor). NDRG1 was found to regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of hypoxia-treated hPASMCs via DRP1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. We explored the upstream regulators of NDRG1 using in vivo and in vitro hypoxia models. Hypoxia was found to upregulate and downregulate KLF transcription factor 4 (KLF4) protein expression in the cytoplasm and nucleus, respectively. Further, we showed that KLF4 regulated the proliferation and migration of hypoxia-treated hPASMCs via NDRG1. These results indicated a link between KLF4, NDRG1, and DRP1 for the first time, providing new ideas for treating hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Ya Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Jiujiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang 332000, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Gaoge Fu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Lina Shan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, China.
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8
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Ma H, Yu Y, Mo L, Chen Q, Dong H, Xu Y, Zhuan B. Exosomal miR-663b from "M1" macrophages promotes pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction through inhibiting the AMPK/Sirt1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3549-3571. [PMID: 37142272 PMCID: PMC10449306 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory mediators from macrophages are proven to be involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here, this study intends to explore the mechanism of "M1" macrophage-derived exosomal miR-663b in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) dysfunctions and pulmonary hypertension. METHODS Hypoxia-treated PASMCs were utilized for constructing an in-vitro pulmonary hypertension model. THP-1 cells were treated with PMA (320 nM) and LPS (10 μg/mL) + IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) for eliciting macrophage "M1" polarization. Exosomes derived from "M1" macrophages were isolated and added into PASMCs. The proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and migration of PASMCs were evaluated. RT-PCR or Western blot examined the levels of miR-663b and the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. Dual luciferase activity assay and RNA pull-down assay were carried out for confirming the targeted association between miR-663b and AMPK. An in-vivo PH model was built. Macrophage-derived exosomes with miR-663b inhibition were used for treating the rats, and alterations of pulmonary histopathology were monitored. RESULTS miR-663b was obviously up-regulated in hypoxia-elicited PASMCs and M1 macrophages. miR-663b overexpression boosted hypoxia-induced proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and migration in PASMCs, whereas miR-663b low expression resulted in the opposite situation. AMPK was identified as a target of miR-663b, and miR-663b overexpression curbed the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway. AMPK activation ameliorated the damaging impact of miR-663b overexpression and "M1" macrophage exosomes on PASMCs. In vivo, "M1" macrophage exosomes with miR-663b low expression alleviated pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension rats. CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-663b from "M1" macrophage facilitates PASMC dysfunctions and PH development by dampening the AMPK/Sirt1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Lirong Mo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Hui Dong
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Bing Zhuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750000, Ningxia, China
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9
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Sun Y, Liu S, Chen C, Yang S, Pei G, Lin M, Wang T, Long J, Yan Q, Yao J, Lin Y, Yi F, Meng L, Tan Y, Ai Q, Chen N, Yang Y. The mechanism of programmed death and endoplasmic reticulum stress in pulmonary hypertension. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:78. [PMID: 36841823 PMCID: PMC9968278 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was a cardiovascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. PH was a chronic disease with complicated pathogenesis and uncontrollable factors. PH was divided into five groups according to its pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Although the treatment and diagnosis of PH has made great progress in the past ten years. However, the diagnosis and prognosis of the PAH had a great contrast, which was not conducive to the diagnosis and treatment of PH. If not treated properly, it will lead to right ventricular failure or even death. Therefore, it was necessary to explore the pathogenesis of PH. The problem we urgently need to solve was to find and develop drugs for the treatment of PH. We reviewed the PH articles in the past 10 years or so as well as systematically summarized the recent advance. We summarized the latest research on the key regulatory factors (pyroptosis, apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress) involved in PH. To provide theoretical basis and basis for finding new therapeutic targets and research directions of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Hospital for Matemal & Child Health Care, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- grid.412643.60000 0004 1757 2902Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Songwei Yang
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Gang Pei
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Meiyu Lin
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- grid.501248.aDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Long
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yan
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Yao
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Lin
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yi
- grid.411615.60000 0000 9938 1755Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Meng
- grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of nephrology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, P. R. China
| | - Qidi Ai
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Yantao Yang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Center of Standardization and Function of Chinese Herbal Decoction Pieces, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, P. R. China.
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10
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Mao J, Ma L. Research progress on the mechanism of phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells induced by hypoxia. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2022; 51:750-757. [PMID: 36915980 PMCID: PMC10262008 DOI: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is a key factor in pulmonary vascular remodeling. Inhibiting or reversing phenotypic transformation can inhibit pulmonary vascular remodeling and control the progression of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia causes intracellular peroxide metabolism to induce oxidative stress, induces multi-pathway signal transduction, including those related to autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, and also induces non-coding RNA regulation of cell marker protein expression, resulting in PASMCs phenotypic transformation. This article reviews recent research progress on mechanisms of hypoxia-induced phenotypic transformation of PASMCs, which may be helpful for finding targets to inhibit phenotypic transformation and to improve pulmonary vascular remodeling diseases such as hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Mao
- 1. Medical Institute of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
- 2. Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Lan Ma
- 2. Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
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11
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Zhang W, Liu B, Wang Y, Zhang H, He L, Wang P, Dong M. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1079989. [PMID: 36589421 PMCID: PMC9795033 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1079989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by the increased pulmonary vascular resistance due to pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. PAH has high disability, high mortality and poor prognosis, which is becoming a more common global health issue. There is currently no drug that can permanently cure PAH patients. The pathogenesis of PAH is still not fully elucidated. However, the role of metabolic theory in the pathogenesis of PAH is becoming clearer, especially mitochondrial metabolism. With the deepening of mitochondrial researches in recent years, more and more studies have shown that the occurrence and development of PAH are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including the tricarboxylic acid cycle, redox homeostasis, enhanced glycolysis, and increased reactive oxygen species production, calcium dysregulation, mitophagy, etc. This review will further elucidate the relationship between mitochondrial metabolism and pulmonary vasoconstriction and pulmonary vascular remodeling. It might be possible to explore more comprehensive and specific treatment strategies for PAH by understanding these mitochondrial metabolic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Geratric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Yazhou Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Hengli Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China
| | - Lang He
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Prevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Wenjiang District, Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Chengdu, China,Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Lang He, ; Pan Wang,
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12
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Sevilla-Montero J, Munar-Rubert O, Pino-Fadón J, Aguilar-Latorre C, Villegas-Esguevillas M, Climent B, Agrò M, Choya-Foces C, Martínez-Ruiz A, Balsa E, Muñoz-Calleja C, Gómez-Punter RM, Vázquez-Espinosa E, Cogolludo A, Calzada MJ. Cigarette smoke induces pulmonary arterial dysfunction through an imbalance in the redox status of the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:9-22. [PMID: 36174878 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whose main risk factor is cigarette smoking (CS), is one of the most common diseases globally. Some COPD patients also develop pulmonary hypertension (PH), a severe complication that leads to premature death. Evidence suggests reactive oxygen species (ROS) involvement in COPD and PH, especially regarding pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) dysfunction. However, the effects of CS-driven oxidative stress on the pulmonary vasculature are not completely understood. Herein we provide evidence on the effects of CS extract (CSE) exposure on PASMC regarding ROS production, antioxidant response and its consequences on vascular tone dysregulation. Our results indicate that CSE exposure promotes mitochondrial fission, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and increased mitochondrial superoxide levels. However, this superoxide increase did not parallel a counterbalancing antioxidant response in human pulmonary artery (PA) cells. Interestingly, the mitochondrial superoxide scavenger mitoTEMPO reduced mitochondrial fission and membrane potential depolarization caused by CSE. As we have previously shown, CSE reduces PA vasoconstriction and vasodilation. In this respect, mitoTEMPO prevented the impaired nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation, while vasoconstriction remained reduced. Finally, we observed a CSE-driven downregulation of the Cyb5R3 enzyme, which prevents soluble guanylyl cyclase oxidation in PASMC. This might explain the CSE-mediated decrease in PA vasodilation. These results provide evidence that there might be a connection between mitochondrial ROS and altered vasodilation responses in PH secondary to COPD, and strongly support the potential of antioxidant strategies specifically targeting mitochondria as a new therapy for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sevilla-Montero
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - O Munar-Rubert
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Pino-Fadón
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Aguilar-Latorre
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Villegas-Esguevillas
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Climent
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Agrò
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Choya-Foces
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Balsa
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Muñoz-Calleja
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - R M Gómez-Punter
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vázquez-Espinosa
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Calzada
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Xiao F, Zhang R, Wang L. Inhibitors of Mitochondrial Dynamics Mediated by Dynamin-Related Protein 1 in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:913904. [PMID: 35846374 PMCID: PMC9280643 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.913904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a chronic, lethal pulmonary disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling. It leads to malignant results, such as rupture of pulmonary arterial dissection, dyspnea, right heart failure, and even death. Previous studies have confirmed that one of the main pathological changes of this disease is abnormal mitochondrial dynamics, which include mitochondrial fission, fusion, and autophagy that keep a dynamic balance under certain physiological state. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), the key molecule in mitochondrial fission, mediates mitochondrial fission while also affecting mitochondrial fusion and autophagy through numerous pathways. There are various abnormalities of Drp1 in PAH pathophysiology, including Drp1 overexpression and activation as well as an upregulation of its outer mitochondrial membrane ligands. These aberrant alterations will eventually induce the development of PAH. With the process of recent studies, the structure and function of Drp1 have been gradually revealed. Meanwhile, inhibitors targeting this pathway have also been discovered. This review aims to shed more light on the mechanism of Drp1 and its inhibitors in the abnormal mitochondrial dynamics of PAH. Furthermore, it seeks to provide more novel insights to clinical therapy.
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14
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Uchikado Y, Ikeda Y, Ohishi M. Current Understanding of the Pivotal Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Cardiovascular Diseases and Senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905072. [PMID: 35665261 PMCID: PMC9157625 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is dependent on ATP production in mitochondria, which is closely associated with cardiovascular disease because of the oxidative stress produced by mitochondria. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly change their morphology to elongated (fusion) or small and spherical (fission). These mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by various small GTPases, Drp1, Fis1, Mitofusin, and Opa1. Mitochondrial fission and fusion are essential to maintain a balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial turnover. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dynamics play a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and senescence. Disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics affect mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte survival leading to cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. Mitochondrial dynamics and reactive oxygen species production have been associated with endothelial dysfunction, which in turn causes the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, and even pulmonary hypertension, including pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Here, we review the association between cardiovascular diseases and mitochondrial dynamics, which may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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15
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Important Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030473. [PMID: 35326123 PMCID: PMC8944689 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are important organelles that act as a primary site to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, mitochondria play a pivotal role in the regulation of Ca2+ signaling, fatty acid oxidation, and ketone synthesis. Dysfunction of these signaling molecules leads to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), atherosclerosis, and other vascular diseases. Features of PH include vasoconstriction and pulmonary artery (PA) remodeling, which can result from abnormal proliferation, apoptosis, and migration of PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). These responses are mediated by increased Rieske iron–sulfur protein (RISP)-dependent mitochondrial ROS production and increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels. Mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ can both synergistically activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) to trigger inflammatory responses leading to PH, right ventricular failure, and death. Evidence suggests that increased mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ signaling leads to abnormal synthesis of ketones, which play a critical role in the development of PH. In this review, we discuss some of the recent findings on the important interactive role and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ in the development and progression of PH. We also address the contributions of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory responses and ketone-mediated oxidative stress due to abnormal regulation of mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ signaling in PH.
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16
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Zhou Y, Murugan DD, Khan H, Huang Y, Cheang WS. Roles and Therapeutic Implications of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081167. [PMID: 34439415 PMCID: PMC8388996 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In different pathological states that cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium depletion, altered glycosylation, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress, DNA damage or energy perturbation/fluctuations, the protein folding process is disrupted and the ER becomes stressed. Studies in the past decade have demonstrated that ER stress is closely associated with pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Excess nutrients and inflammatory cytokines associated with metabolic diseases can trigger or worsen ER stress. ER stress plays a critical role in the induction of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Signaling pathways including AMP-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor have been identified to regulate ER stress, whilst ER stress contributes to the imbalanced production between nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing oxidative stress. Several drugs or herbs have been proved to protect against cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through inhibition of ER stress and oxidative stress. The present article reviews the involvement of ER stress and oxidative stress in cardiovascular dysfunction and the potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Yu Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +853-8822-4914
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17
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Li D, Yang S, Xing Y, Pan L, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Liu L, Wu M. Novel Insights and Current Evidence for Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis: Mitochondrial Dynamics as a Potential Therapeutic Target. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673839. [PMID: 34307357 PMCID: PMC8293691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathological basis of CVD. Mitochondrial homeostasis is maintained through the dynamic processes of fusion and fission. Mitochondria are involved in many cellular processes, such as steroid biosynthesis, calcium homeostasis, immune cell activation, redox signaling, apoptosis, and inflammation, among others. Under stress conditions, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial cristae remodeling, and mitochondrial ROS (mitoROS) production increase, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decreases, calcium homeostasis is imbalanced, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore open (mPTP) and release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are activated. mtDNA recognized by TLR9 can lead to NF-κB pathway activation and pro-inflammatory factor expression. At the same time, TLR9 can also activate NLRP3 inflammasomes and release interleukin, an event that eventually leads to tissue damage and inflammatory responses. In addition, mitochondrial dysfunction may amplify the activation of NLRP3 through the production of mitochondrial ROS, which together aggravate accumulating mitochondrial damage. In addition, mtDNA defects or gene mutation can lead to mitochondrial oxidative stress. Finally, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and aging are risk factors for the progression of CVD, which are closely related to mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics may represent a new target in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Antioxidants, mitochondrial inhibitors, and various new therapies to correct mitochondrial dysfunction represent a few directions for future research on therapeutic intervention and amelioration of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengjie Yang
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limin Pan
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixi Zhao
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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